Leonard Susskind - Why Black Holes are Astonishing

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 19 เม.ย. 2024
  • Black holes warp space and time, squeeze matter to a vanishing point, and trap light so that it cannot escape. Black holes, with masses millions or billions times that of our sun, sit at the center of galaxies. How can black holes perform such stupendous tricks, and what can we learn from them?
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    Leonard Susskind is the Felix Bloch Professor of Theoretical Physics at Stanford University, and Director of the Stanford Institute for Theoretical Physics. He received a BS in physics from City College of New York and a PhD from Cornell University.
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ความคิดเห็น • 3.8K

  • @Shadow-In-The-East
    @Shadow-In-The-East 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4472

    What a fascinating discussion between Jeff Goldblum cosplaying Steve Jobs, and amateur theoretical physicist John Malkovich.

    • @Ahcelaht
      @Ahcelaht 2 ปีที่แล้ว +89

      Spot on!

    • @mra2zee
      @mra2zee 2 ปีที่แล้ว +185

      So basically, the most accurate comment that exists on the internet. Well done good sir.

    • @adnan4688
      @adnan4688 2 ปีที่แล้ว +55

      Amazing thing is that I thought the exact same thing, before even seeing your comment. The resemblance and the mash up,makes me think,they fell into a black hole,and somehow those two made it out,and decided to talk about it.

    • @Raphsk8
      @Raphsk8 2 ปีที่แล้ว +19

      😂😂😂😂 Dead On!

    • @supersongi
      @supersongi 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      💀

  • @JohnnyAmerique
    @JohnnyAmerique 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1449

    Interesting interview with Dr. Susskind. Now to the comments section to see what the experts have to say.

    • @Richard-vu7kh
      @Richard-vu7kh 2 ปีที่แล้ว +16

      Haha 😂….So far, no viscous name calling !

    • @visitante-pc5zc
      @visitante-pc5zc 2 ปีที่แล้ว +45

      @@Richard-vu7kh earth is flat

    • @ClariceAust
      @ClariceAust 2 ปีที่แล้ว +16

      @@visitante-pc5zc Oh dear..

    • @jeannedarc7533
      @jeannedarc7533 2 ปีที่แล้ว +18

      @@visitante-pc5zc your brain is flat

    • @arpitthakur45
      @arpitthakur45 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      @@jeannedarc7533 more like dead...

  • @buikhai1
    @buikhai1 ปีที่แล้ว +215

    The world needs more scientists like Leonard Susskind. Such a great communicator for such complex subject. He makes us understand the universe just a little bit more.

    • @words007
      @words007 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      The world needs more scientist in general and less tick tokers

    • @perculated7666
      @perculated7666 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@words007 so true

    • @j.pershing2197
      @j.pershing2197 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Wal Thornhill is better

    • @michaelpacinus242
      @michaelpacinus242 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Sus

    • @KarmaKahn
      @KarmaKahn 5 หลายเดือนก่อน

      ​@@j.pershing2197Never heard about him.

  • @colder5465
    @colder5465 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +26

    Leonard Susskind is simply the best! He can explain such a complicated phenomenon in really simple words which are understandable to practically anyone. Infinite kudos to him! He is my favorite lecturer.

  • @emo65170.
    @emo65170. 2 ปีที่แล้ว +107

    I want to know what Dr Susskind does to keep his mind so sharp. He's 81. Amazing.

    • @MasteroChieftan
      @MasteroChieftan 2 ปีที่แล้ว +27

      It looks like he thinks about quantum physics and works out lol

    • @basteagui
      @basteagui 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      He does theoretical physics...

    • @Fuckjaredmilton
      @Fuckjaredmilton 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      The guy is a genius lmfao

    • @joegeorge3889
      @joegeorge3889 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      He's sharp as a tack

    • @sleazypolar
      @sleazypolar 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      You're watching it. He keeps talking about and learning about these things and reiterating his understanding with every conversation.

  • @dougthompson1598
    @dougthompson1598 2 ปีที่แล้ว +651

    "A chicken, a duck and a physicist go into a black hole..."
    No punch line yet.

    • @satanofficial3902
      @satanofficial3902 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      "Calculations of a clam chowder dawn reach into the outer limits exploiting the mysteries of seaweed kept busy in a bookstore. Black holes shape your vision of seagulls converting energy into mass and genetic prices rushing into a grape jelly future. Caffeine-free snow drifts will ward off alien intervention and annihilate rubber-band monitors, expanding a diversity of goldfish trained in clinical psychology left intact."
      ---Albert Einstein

    • @satanofficial3902
      @satanofficial3902 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Fact checkers say..."Correct!"

    • @satanofficial3902
      @satanofficial3902 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      "Fact checks can be checked because they're checkable by checkers."
      ---Albert Einstein

    • @satanofficial3902
      @satanofficial3902 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      "It is the Will of Landru."
      ---Albert Einstein

    • @helphelpimbeingrepressed9347
      @helphelpimbeingrepressed9347 2 ปีที่แล้ว +27

      Its an inside joke...

  • @richardmindemann6935
    @richardmindemann6935 ปีที่แล้ว +33

    I'm a big fan of this guy. His TH-cam classes are fun and enlightening. I'm so old I'm proof that it's never too late to learn challenging stuff. I hated physics in high school. It wasn't as interesting as girls, pool, or baseball. But it's how things work, and I'm having fun with it in my ...ah....golden years.

    • @vogelvogeltje
      @vogelvogeltje ปีที่แล้ว +6

      31 year old dude here, and just getting into astrophysics and gravitational waves. Had my fun already (even though I was into opposite from you: guys, guitar and drums.) space is fuckin awesome.

  • @bismarckmark6566
    @bismarckmark6566 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Id never have figured that sound, lakes, and polywogs would give me my first real appreciation of the event horizon.

  • @Blake-cz7mj
    @Blake-cz7mj 2 ปีที่แล้ว +67

    The interviewer is awesome, asks great questions then lets them talk

    • @KCOtutti1
      @KCOtutti1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      True, but strange there are such long shots of him, even we he doesn’t talk.

    • @davetherave303
      @davetherave303 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      @@KCOtutti1 They're not actually that long, it's the time distortion of a nearby black hole taking effect

    • @KCOtutti1
      @KCOtutti1 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@davetherave303 😂😂😂

  • @SikStylo
    @SikStylo 2 ปีที่แล้ว +310

    Best most comprehensive breakdown I've heard from any physicist.

    • @buddysnackit1758
      @buddysnackit1758 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      And completely wrong.

    • @geraldscalajr9636
      @geraldscalajr9636 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Agreed

    • @soumyojitpal3399
      @soumyojitpal3399 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

      @@buddysnackit1758 care to elaborate ?

    • @buddysnackit1758
      @buddysnackit1758 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@soumyojitpal3399 You can read elsewhere in this thread (immediately below for me...but that is probably just my view).
      Even in this talk he gets it wrong.
      A thing stays visible at the event horizon forever? Really lets look at that.
      OK So the event horizon according to Susskind is because the object is being pulled in faster than C. And that light carries momentum and will never reach you. So light is completely a particle then! But no! It is not. Light is emitted by mass by vibrating what you call the fabric of space. Just like a jet in the sky. Do we suddenly not hear supersonic jets? No...we still hear them. Even though they are going way faster than sound...because the media carries the signal. The signal isn't particles shooting out of the jet to our ears. The sound proves this.
      So the ONLY other thing that could be happening is that the light is being pulled either directly or the media itself was being pulled. If it were the media (fabric of space) and we believe in an expanding universe, then you would at a very high speed see things being sucked into black holes.
      But Susskind and all the Big bangers (Similar to flat-earthers) do not realize how the universe works. The reason black holes are black is because of a upward shift in frequency of light far beyond gamma rays. This can happen because time-space (ether field) is much denser near a black hole because it creates ether. When that super high frequency light travels to less ether dense space the signal can no longer be carried. This loss of signal makes the black hole appear black.
      Supporting evidence.
      Matter getting sucked into a black hole and emits a gamma burst. It does this as it enters more ether dense space until it too is clocked too high and signal is lost.
      Pulls can not exist. So how else does a black hole become black. My theory is THE only game in town that fits.
      If the black holes are sucking in space then this should counter the expansion of space and we should be shrinking because this would be an immense power.
      Background radiation is from something described as a "blackhole universe". Not quite right except that black holes and this frequency mismatch are the reason.

    • @soumyojitpal3399
      @soumyojitpal3399 2 ปีที่แล้ว +32

      @@buddysnackit1758 ahh, that one guy who claims everyone else is wrong, and I am only right

  • @seanmccall7277
    @seanmccall7277 ปีที่แล้ว +15

    Every...single time I listen to Leonard Susskind talk, I end up taking away an idea that I cannot ever forget. Every..time. What a mind.

    • @AmiyaSarkar
      @AmiyaSarkar ปีที่แล้ว +1

      "You just don't remember
      I'll never forget".. Yngwie Malmsteen

  • @marksimpson2321
    @marksimpson2321 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    This interviewer whose name ive forgotten is brilliant! He knows a lot about the subject but lets people who know more and who can communicate fascinatingly about their subject communicate!

  • @arbitrage2141
    @arbitrage2141 2 ปีที่แล้ว +298

    Interviewer did a fantastic job of listening, even though it seems like he knows a lot of whats being discussed already.

    • @DManOnFire
      @DManOnFire 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      @Typhoid Mary LOL

    • @cryogeneric
      @cryogeneric 2 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      I dunno. His two interjections kind of bothered me because I wanted to hear how Susskind was going to describe them. For example when he blurted out, "the point of no return", I didn't think that is what Susskind was describing--even though it's true of black holes and Susskind went with it. What I thought he was describing was "the point where information is no longer transmissible". We all know there is a point where gravity in inescapable, but this didn't seem to be the crux of his analogy.

    • @ReductioAdAbsurdum
      @ReductioAdAbsurdum 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @Typhoid Mary Going to have to invoke Poe's Law here.

    • @Livinghighandwise
      @Livinghighandwise 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @Typhoid Mary STFU

    • @TheSCPStudio
      @TheSCPStudio 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Probably because it's mainly for the viewers education.

  • @thagreatadante
    @thagreatadante 2 ปีที่แล้ว +296

    Now you know why you can never get a hold of a good plumber.. They're busy solving quantum theory .. 😁

    • @barbara5495
      @barbara5495 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Good one!

    • @Baekstrom
      @Baekstrom 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      And they think about black holes in terms of plumbing. "Imagine if the kitchen sink was infinitely large, and water was sucked out of it at a speed greater than sound."

    • @Talia.777
      @Talia.777 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@Baekstrom 😂😂😂

    • @Talia.777
      @Talia.777 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      🤣🤣

    • @malibu3602
      @malibu3602 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      LOL

  • @Whit3hat
    @Whit3hat 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    2 things fascinate me, black holes and even more Leonard Susskind, just a brilliant man, i cant fall asleep listening to his lectures....

  • @richardgarcia1184
    @richardgarcia1184 22 วันที่ผ่านมา

    That was one of the best, easiest to understand illustration of falling or watching someone fall into a black hole. What a great teacher.

  • @barbara5495
    @barbara5495 2 ปีที่แล้ว +239

    I love how he explains things - It allows us non-physics to not only understand but also have a fascination and yearning to learn more about black holes. Thank you!

    • @paulmoffat9306
      @paulmoffat9306 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      He started his working life as a plumber, and now has this moniker 'Susskind the Plumber' with his peers.

    • @barbara5495
      @barbara5495 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@paulmoffat9306 Love it!

    • @mahoganysins614
      @mahoganysins614 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      He’s a wonderful teacher

    • @MK-xn6qx
      @MK-xn6qx 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      سَأُصۡلِيهِ سَقَرَ ٦٢
      I will drive him into Saqar.
      وَمَآ أَدۡرَىٰكَ مَا سَقَرُ ٧٢
      And what can make you know what is Saqar
      لَا تُبۡقِي وَلَا تَذَرُ ٨٢
      It lets nothing remain and leaves nothing [unburned],
      لَوَّاحَةٞ لِّلۡبَشَرِ ٩٢
      Blackening the skins.
      عَلَيۡهَا تِسۡعَةَ عَشَرَ ٠٣
      Over it are nineteen [angels].

    • @MK-xn6qx
      @MK-xn6qx 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Above verses are from Al -Quran, Chapter 74. Surah Al-Muddaththir
      "There are signs everywhere for people who believe."
      May Allah open our hearts for truth & peace.
      Humans are incapable of many things. What's in Heavens & on the earth is governed by law of Allah. Laws of Physics do not apply at many many places. Even on earth. And there is no explanation for it.
      If you doubt it then indeed, death is the reality and we shall meet our lord. The only one who created us to obey him and respect every other human being.
      Ameen.

  • @drumrit
    @drumrit 2 ปีที่แล้ว +19

    its so nice when the interviewer doesn't interrupt the speaker constantly

    • @avinavabraham
      @avinavabraham 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Are you an NDT hater :)

  • @Stars4Hearts
    @Stars4Hearts ปีที่แล้ว +7

    He literally answered my question in the first 60 seconds (why are we so fascinated with black holes/ are they useful).
    He answered that. But I could keep listening for hours…

  • @iraklikotiashvili1776
    @iraklikotiashvili1776 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    At exactly 10:00 when the interviewer asks "that's through a quantum mechanical effect" Leonard gets so surprised but also excited that he knows :D

  • @Richard-vu7kh
    @Richard-vu7kh 2 ปีที่แล้ว +39

    My cat understands this very well…..if I mix chicken together with duck in his food dish, he will NOT eat it. He understands he must not confuse the information as it enters the black hole of his appetite.

    • @yourhandlehere1
      @yourhandlehere1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I used to feed sparrows when I worked at a park. Peanut butter crackers. They learned to come when I whistled...hahah...come in like a big cloud and gather around me. They wanted Lay's brand not Tom's. Tom's were cheaper of course. I could crunch them all up together and they would pick out all the "good" stuff.

    • @spiritofwisdom979
      @spiritofwisdom979 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      😀

    • @fuzzmaayn29
      @fuzzmaayn29 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      maybe he knows what happens when it comes out the brown hole and he doesnt wanna go through that

  • @onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475
    @onebylandtwoifbysearunifby5475 2 ปีที่แล้ว +19

    Susskind is my favorite physicist.
    For one, he is a great explainer.
    He is more interested in *YOU* understanding what he is explaining than making himself sound impressive.

    • @ResurrectingJiriki
      @ResurrectingJiriki 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Douglas Adams and Terry Pratchett are also really good at that and in very similar ways. Only making the idiocy of it just a little more obvious because you know they are writing fantasy/fiction.

    • @halweilbrenner9926
      @halweilbrenner9926 ปีที่แล้ว

      Poignant

  • @chuckaudio3191
    @chuckaudio3191 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Leonard Susskind is amazing.

  • @anotherjoshua
    @anotherjoshua 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    i love that this brilliant man still has his bronx accent.

  • @joedoe783
    @joedoe783 2 ปีที่แล้ว +211

    I love the fact he talks about Galileo's experiment to combine two disparate worlds and then he uses a combination of plumbing and quantum physics to show a dumbass like me what's going on in the universe.

    • @emesar5233
      @emesar5233 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      He speaks an English we can understand. ☺

    • @ResurrectingJiriki
      @ResurrectingJiriki 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Douglas Adams and Terry Pratchett are also really good at that and in very similar ways. Only making the idiocy of it just a little more obvious because you know they are writing fantasy/fiction.
      I hope that helped, mostly for not thinking of yourself as a dumbass ;-)

    • @live4Cha
      @live4Cha 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Just wrong reference! Throwing rock Wasn’t Galileos but mewtons idea.

    • @pauldirac6243
      @pauldirac6243 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@live4Cha I can't believe we are the only 2 people that caught that.

    • @Edrwad
      @Edrwad 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      1

  • @PureNRG2
    @PureNRG2 2 ปีที่แล้ว +41

    His use of relatable analogies is the signature of a good teacher. I think he could make sense of a lot of quantum mechanics that baffles most of us.

    • @chanmeenachandramouli1623
      @chanmeenachandramouli1623 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Agree with you totally. MeenaC

    • @ResurrectingJiriki
      @ResurrectingJiriki 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Douglas Adams and Terry Pratchett are also really good at that and in very similar ways. Only making the idiocy of it just a little more obvious because you know they are writing fantasy/fiction.

    • @PureNRG2
      @PureNRG2 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@ResurrectingJiriki hmmm. Now I’ll have to go back and reread Hitchhiker’s again just for that.

    • @ResurrectingJiriki
      @ResurrectingJiriki 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@PureNRG2 If that's what you feel you need to do to see that Susskind is talking pure fantasy, please do. And enjoy, obviously XD

    • @PureNRG2
      @PureNRG2 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@ResurrectingJiriki I apologize. I didn’t realize I was responding to someone who believes theoretical science is fantasy. Now back to my fantasy wireless computer.

  • @douglasharris2739
    @douglasharris2739 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    As always Mr. Suskind is a joy to listen to. He just tells it so well.

  • @tndd4922
    @tndd4922 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    After watching a hundred videos in black hole and still being confused … I now have some clarity thanks to this man

  • @dr.debajyotibose2928
    @dr.debajyotibose2928 2 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    He was a plumber in the beginning, what a life, Leonard.

  • @FirstCelestialEmperor
    @FirstCelestialEmperor 2 ปีที่แล้ว +156

    The shots of the interviewer just bobbing his head up and down while the other is talking are hilarious

    • @caseykja
      @caseykja 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      yes, but you should see his suspicious look when the interviewee is talking BS (plenty of these BTW)

    • @justinrill2483
      @justinrill2483 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      best part. he's engaged

    • @vansdan.
      @vansdan. 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      I gota turn the phone away when I watch cuz of this

    • @0ptimal
      @0ptimal 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      This what I do when someone asks me a question

    • @The268170
      @The268170 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      He looks like a weiner

  • @DamonMacready
    @DamonMacready 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    "We are now in a position where we have to reconcile this. We have no choice. Oh, of course we have a choice...!" Such an appropriate remark in relation to determinism yielding to new concepts

  • @teymoorazarpaad9167
    @teymoorazarpaad9167 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Wow, that was an amazing description of black hole I’ve ever heard. The analogy of limitless lake for black hole was the most ingenious method to describe the black hole. That was a brilliant analogy. Thanks!

  • @altyra1
    @altyra1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    That equals 2 years of my high school boring physics classes.
    I enjoyed every moment!

  • @pmcdermott4929
    @pmcdermott4929 2 ปีที่แล้ว +71

    Black holes are astonishing. I’ll be feeling one this weekend.

  • @sandbach7195
    @sandbach7195 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Wow! That "both domain" theory about black holes hit me like a rock!! I get it!

  • @albertschultz7151
    @albertschultz7151 ปีที่แล้ว +22

    As someone else commented. What a privilege to listen how something so complicated as Black Holes can be explained to us less gifted and yet leave one with a whetted appetite for more. Many thanks 🙏🏻

  • @wthomas7955
    @wthomas7955 2 ปีที่แล้ว +171

    This is the sort of interview that makes this particular channel worthwhile.

    • @skkapoor31
      @skkapoor31 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      exactly

    • @kenanderson7769
      @kenanderson7769 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Channel is evidence of the conflict of two principles. It has the conflicts of fantasy and sensible.

    • @gusgebzz
      @gusgebzz 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      For sure

    • @neildown7231
      @neildown7231 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Seriously? Blackholes are nonsense

    • @andrewbreding593
      @andrewbreding593 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      You can find this sort of thing all over the place. I love his social work more

  • @packratswhatif.3990
    @packratswhatif.3990 2 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    Existence itself is mind-blowing and fascinating........ Black holes are just the icing on the cake.

    • @redhotbits
      @redhotbits 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      black holes do not exist

    • @packratswhatif.3990
      @packratswhatif.3990 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @The star Moses Brown and the Boston Celtics : Im sorry but that is the Dumbest thing I have heard from a religious person, Really ?

    • @Mannwhich
      @Mannwhich 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @The star Moses Brown and the Boston Celtics Ummmm, God's work isn't hindered by people choosing certain career paths. Observing what's out there only fulfills our God given purpose here on Earth. Which is to learn and grow!

    • @Mannwhich
      @Mannwhich 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @The star Moses Brown and the Boston Celtics Learning and growing helps us become more like him. So Yes! God doesn't hide knowledge from us, nor does he forbid us an education. Our purpose is to prepare to return to him. How do you glorify God if you don't know anything about him or his creations?

    • @Mannwhich
      @Mannwhich 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @The star Moses Brown and the Boston Celtics It's no surprise that you know very little.

  • @Google_Does_Evil_Now
    @Google_Does_Evil_Now ปีที่แล้ว +2

    3:12 interviewer caught using earbuds listening to music. Can't stop nodding to the beat.

  • @bjpafa2293
    @bjpafa2293 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Masters explain scales in a perspective that includes history, humanity was aware of foundational questions since its dawn.
    This analogue with sound should be highly respected.
    Always an honor with your thought processes.
    Thank you so much.
    In time, maybe there's no delay in this comment 😉

  • @ashutoshsingh9639
    @ashutoshsingh9639 2 ปีที่แล้ว +67

    That's why Leonard Susskind is so important, he explains in everything in "your" words !
    And we people can understand the Universe.

  • @tubbymunchkin7254
    @tubbymunchkin7254 2 ปีที่แล้ว +35

    And here I was thinking the “point of no return” was Taco Bell’s drive-thru line…

    • @masterofdisguise1112
      @masterofdisguise1112 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Nah its when you don't pull out and get a girl pregnant

    • @GinoNL
      @GinoNL 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      😂

  • @AmiyaSarkar
    @AmiyaSarkar ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Splendid interview! It's so so kind of Dr. Susskind to illuminate on this luminous topic that light and other objects with "information" embedded within of not being able to escape the stranglehold of the black holes. Yet they expand our 'horizons' of understanding the principles of contemporary physics and even help amalgamate the old with the new.
    Information isn't lost. In fact, nothing is ever lost. From the absolute (say the absolute zero Kelvin) arise the "quantum jitters", like Shakti (Nature) arising out of Nothing (Shiva)! Be it the Big Bang or the Big crunch, information will be ever etched in the fabric of the DNA of the Cosmic Consciousness, like the Akashic records (Boltzmann's brain).
    Amalgamation and interchangeability is nothing new. The wave and particle properties of light and even macrocosmic objects can be boiled down to the quantum properties of wave function and its collapse thereof. Advaita (non-dualism) vedanta had long proposed the idea since the ancient times by the great Indian sages. Erwin Schrodinger, Werner Heisenberg, Albert Einstein, Aldous Huxley had experinced it ituitively and dwelled on it.
    We are not just particles, merely confined to some location in space, rather we need to think of us in terms of waves spread out over the whole Universe. Professor Sean Carroll had once said in a lecture that physicists won't tell you this fact that we are waves in reality and not just particles.
    We ever live. We don't die, ever!
    "There's got to be
    Just more to it than this
    Or tell me, why do we exist?
    I'd like to think that when I die
    I'd get a chance, another time
    And to return and live again
    Reincarnate, play the game
    Again and again and again and again" .... Iron Maiden, Infinite dreams

  • @otbricki
    @otbricki ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Dr Susskind is such a great speaker.

  • @philostreet781
    @philostreet781 2 ปีที่แล้ว +82

    This is the best explanation of the black hole ever! Using sound as metaphor is a great way to understand this curious phenomenon. Thanks!

    • @daraquinn5260
      @daraquinn5260 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Why? Both light and sound are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. It’s actually a very poor analogy. He is no Feynman.

    • @chrisdevine4848
      @chrisdevine4848 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      @@daraquinn5260 - um... I think you need to scrub up of your physics.

    • @adolfog316
      @adolfog316 ปีที่แล้ว

      Analogy* but yes it was brilliant helped me a bit too

    • @icetraigh
      @icetraigh ปีที่แล้ว

      I think it's an even better analogy than it appears on the surface. Where does that poor fellow, aka the information, go? Have you ever had a pen and paper and scribbled a dot so hard until you ripped through the paper? I think black holes are 3D tears in the paper, and the information falls into the 4th (or next higher) dimension. How 'bout that? :O

    • @kevinbeazy
      @kevinbeazy 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@daraquinn5260Loser

  • @asifiqbal2776
    @asifiqbal2776 2 ปีที่แล้ว +261

    There are teachers and then there are teachers like Susskind or Feynman.

  • @stellarwind1946
    @stellarwind1946 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Susskind is such a riveting speaker.

  • @vikramantin3995
    @vikramantin3995 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wow! Thanks for the clarity

  • @BrianPseivaD
    @BrianPseivaD 2 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    Leonard Susskind is my hero,
    this guy is so forward thinking,
    I actually have his name tattooed on my arm so I can enjoy and remember his teachings forever,
    I’ll never forget your notions as a result. Thank you for changing my full outlook on reality Dr Susskind. Knowledge negates fear!

    • @ummmno3871
      @ummmno3871 2 ปีที่แล้ว +18

      I will truly never understand tattoo people

    • @DaddySizeIt
      @DaddySizeIt ปีที่แล้ว +7

      @@ummmno3871 Same here, I support their freedom.. but I'd rather wear my current thoughts on a tshirt.

    • @BigRW
      @BigRW ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@ummmno3871 Or bumper sticker people.

    • @Chief_Brody
      @Chief_Brody ปีที่แล้ว +2

      No, you do not have his name tattooed on your arm. Stop lying for attention and likes.

    • @thatdemoninthecar
      @thatdemoninthecar ปีที่แล้ว +2

      So... so you have "susskind" tattoo'd on your arm?

  • @greensombrero3641
    @greensombrero3641 2 ปีที่แล้ว +85

    when we were in highschool physics, my friend, last named Rays went to visit his grandmother in Florida. He returned sunburned and we asked him if this was because of grammarays.

    • @TheFos88
      @TheFos88 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Wot

    • @jetflights
      @jetflights 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Hulk smash 😂😂

    • @smalljbug
      @smalljbug 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Not bad not bad

    • @theresachung703
      @theresachung703 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hahhaha! Dang!

    • @baronvonhoughton
      @baronvonhoughton 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      We? Was it collective thinking, Did you all ask simultaneously?

  • @tresajessygeorge210
    @tresajessygeorge210 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    THANK YOU... DR. SUSSKIND...!!!

  • @dontgettoknowm9864
    @dontgettoknowm9864 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I love these talks even though i understand it on a basic level. It makes me feel smart and fascinated.

  • @DasnarkyRemarky
    @DasnarkyRemarky 2 ปีที่แล้ว +190

    This guy looks like he could play Archimedes, Galileo or Da Vinci perfectly

    • @williamhardes8081
      @williamhardes8081 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      John Malkovich?

    • @UATU.
      @UATU. 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I would love to see him as da Vinci with a heavy NYC accent.

    • @FFGG22E
      @FFGG22E 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Or Leonard Susskind even.

    • @oln3678
      @oln3678 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Except when he talks ...

  • @khankhole25
    @khankhole25 2 ปีที่แล้ว +24

    I read or watched few things about black holes, this was the best way of describing it to a general public member like myself. Thank you.

    • @ResurrectingJiriki
      @ResurrectingJiriki 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Douglas Adams and Terry Pratchett are also really good at that and in very similar ways. Only making the idiocy of it just a little more obvious because you know they are writing fantasy/fiction.

  • @anirprasadd
    @anirprasadd ปีที่แล้ว +2

    AMAZING video!!
    Brilliantly articulated

  • @paulbeades6681
    @paulbeades6681 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Could listen to this all day.

  • @jamegumb7298
    @jamegumb7298 2 ปีที่แล้ว +187

    "Infinite lake".
    Alright.
    "Drain in the center."
    Lost me man.

    • @paulyshore1942
      @paulyshore1942 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Drain in a place kinda like a center I guess lol

    • @kdub1242
      @kdub1242 2 ปีที่แล้ว +24

      For the model, just start with a bathtub with a drain, but imagine a round bathtub with a big drain in the center. If you put a rubber ducky in the bathtub away from the center, it hardly notices the movement of the water towards the drain. But if a rubber ducky floats near the center, the rushing water will pull it down the drain.
      Now just imagine a bigger bathtub, and then an even bigger bathtub... An "infinite" lake just means the bathtub is so big that most rubber duckies will never encounter the drain, or even notice it, because they're so far away from it. But the drain is there, and every once in a while, an unlucky rubber ducky will unhappily float too close and get swallowed.

    • @chrissekely
      @chrissekely 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      I was just about to comment something like this before I found your comment. I get what he means by this (as some here went to great length to explain). But I think what you're getting at (and what I was thinking) is that from a purely mathematical perspective, it makes no sense.

    • @kdub1242
      @kdub1242 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      @@chrissekely I think what you mean is that from a purely _physical_ perspective it makes no sense. It is only from a purely mathematical perspective that reasoning about infinity does make any sense.

    • @chrissekely
      @chrissekely 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@kdub1242 Thanks for the response! But no that's not what I meant. Maybe that's what I should have meant though. I do understand how anything infinite makes no sense from a physical perspective. You've totally got me there. Please explain, though, how to even in a purely mathematical sense find the center of an infinite plain. Please understand that I'm not upset at all. I really enjoy this sort of exchange of ideas. Please let me know where you might take this from here.

  • @TenzinLundrup
    @TenzinLundrup 2 ปีที่แล้ว +35

    What a beautiful explanation: "The black hole is the rock of Galileo." Love it.

    • @GalileoAV
      @GalileoAV 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I always wanted a rock.
      But for real though it is a great analogy.

    • @CreepsCompilation
      @CreepsCompilation 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Black holes don't EXIST, they have NEVER EXISTED anywhere except in the minds of people who NEED them to exist to FIX their BROKEN EQUATIONS

    • @TenzinLundrup
      @TenzinLundrup 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@CreepsCompilation Can you write-up your ideas. You can post them on arXiv. Let me know the manuscript number. I would be happy to look at it. Thanks. BTW, black holes don't "fix" equations, they actually break them!

  • @srikanthkal8695
    @srikanthkal8695 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Black holes have always fascinated me since I was 13-year old from the time my much older friend Vivek Rao, an Electronics Engineering student from IIT, Madras, explained it to me.
    These great scientists explain it in such a simple and interesting manner. Thanks.

    • @imissya54454
      @imissya54454 ปีที่แล้ว

      I know him. That’s crazy. Famous guy!

  • @jaysartori9032
    @jaysartori9032 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    We need more teachers like Leonard Susskind.

  • @warrenbarnes9653
    @warrenbarnes9653 2 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    Absolutely wonderful video! Dr. Susskind is a brilliant teacher. It would be much appreciated if you could ask him to provide a plain English explanation of his string theory for one of these videos. Thank you.

    • @halweilbrenner9926
      @halweilbrenner9926 ปีที่แล้ว

      Not explainable or understandable or maybe even valid (theoretical)

  • @victotronics
    @victotronics 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    Fascinating interview. I've never heard things explained this way.

  • @picazzo5150
    @picazzo5150 ปีที่แล้ว

    The sound and tone are in the fingers and Wolfie inherited them all from his dad. He sounded amazing.

  • @calpal9983
    @calpal9983 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This guy is incredibly pleasant to listen to.

  • @nicofonce
    @nicofonce 2 ปีที่แล้ว +28

    I could listen to Leonard for hours.

    • @b.g.5869
      @b.g.5869 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Which hours specifically?

    • @mjt2231
      @mjt2231 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@b.g.5869 yesterday's hours

    • @D1N02
      @D1N02 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You can. th-cam.com/users/stanfordsearch?query=s%C3%BCskind

    • @martin..3700
      @martin..3700 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I'm like that with music

  • @renupathak4442
    @renupathak4442 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    How beautifully explained. What a great teacher

  • @IloveGod210
    @IloveGod210 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Explained poetically and elegantly. Wow!

  • @5kMagic
    @5kMagic ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Great explanation.
    I once read of a theory that said black holes ‘seeded’ other universes: the information that was sucked into it came out again, on the ‘other side’, in another universe. It has always stuck with me.

    • @nuntana2
      @nuntana2 ปีที่แล้ว

      They're in this universe. It's a point, not a hole.

    • @rocren6246
      @rocren6246 ปีที่แล้ว

      Maybe what they have observed as blackholes are similar entities as the theoretical blackholes, because blackholes only exist in theory.

    • @rocren6246
      @rocren6246 ปีที่แล้ว

      It's like saying something travels at the speed of light, where in our world such things don't exist.

    • @martello44
      @martello44 ปีที่แล้ว

      A hole into another universe is just a theory. it assumes that our space-time fabric can be punctured. Suppose Space-time is infinitely elastic. Nobody knows and we will probably never know.

    • @altonb93
      @altonb93 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@rocren6246 black holes aren’t a theory when we have photographs of them

  • @djvelocity
    @djvelocity 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    This is such a *fantastic way of teaching the material!* Stellar! 🙌🔥

    • @tedl7538
      @tedl7538 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      "Stellar"....ㄥ丨ㄒ乇尺卂ㄥㄥㄚ!

    • @johnnygraz4712
      @johnnygraz4712 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Quasi-stellar, even.

  • @dandatiles8404
    @dandatiles8404 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    "Information is not allowed to be lost"
    To my brain: "Why can't you give me the information that I know you knew? Do not say you forget, you're just not telling me. Do not prank me always."

    • @rigobertovillalobos3614
      @rigobertovillalobos3614 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Inside the book of Enoch is information about stars, galaxies, and black holes. This book contains a code and key set to understanding how to decode the message given from God about revelations. We must unlock the truth. If you read the book of Jude, 1st and 2nd Peter you will see that much of message as clues on how to decode it. When you read them look at the similarities of the words used. They are almost identical.

  • @triquetrawitch3002
    @triquetrawitch3002 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    thank you for posting this it was most excellent I've been obsessed with black holes ever since I was a kid so thank you very much it was very different to hear and see theorized and a different point of view

  • @daviddemuth6075
    @daviddemuth6075 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    This man is a hero

  • @JonYuill
    @JonYuill 2 ปีที่แล้ว +45

    What theory was it that convinced the camera operator to focus so much on the guy who wasn't actually speaking?

    • @LOL-vm8hs
      @LOL-vm8hs 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      To tell us how focused we should be

    • @El_Beat
      @El_Beat 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      The camera operator is in love 😻

    • @zabtej1645
      @zabtej1645 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      it was an attempt from the cameraman to show how big of a clown he is.

    • @hpygolkyone
      @hpygolkyone 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you. I thought I was the only one who found the constant camera shot on the interviewer to be annoying. Perhaps he was looking for the eye roll when he is discussing quantum physics and then suddenly switches to giving a talk to an elementary school about polywogs, tadpoles, chickens and ducks.

    • @pearz420
      @pearz420 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      You mean the editor cutting in reaction shots... they linger too long, but that's an editing issue and has NOTHING to do with camera operators.

  • @lordlemond1350
    @lordlemond1350 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Best explanation on black holes I’ve ever heard ✨

  • @azhakhussam
    @azhakhussam ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I always refer to mr. Susskind as the plumber physicist, in my own opinion he is a true genius,humble to declare that he was wrong on the multiverse theory after he was one of the most influential people on it,but he keeps on going looking for the truth.
    If we were to meet I believe that we can really be friends.

    • @joshportie
      @joshportie ปีที่แล้ว

      And yet he's saying a theoretical thing nobody has ever seen or proven is amazing.

  • @sankararajan1731
    @sankararajan1731 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Top Class elucidation. Hats of to you gentlemen. Please share more such videos.⚘⚘🌺🌷👍👍

  • @arvindramanathan6278
    @arvindramanathan6278 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    I so wish I had teachers like this in high school and university.

    • @SuckaFREE2.0
      @SuckaFREE2.0 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I hated school and they hated me right back….SO I WENT TO CLASS half baked🥴

    • @zabtej1645
      @zabtej1645 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      they don't teach anything useful.

  • @javasoy
    @javasoy 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    shaking my head on the fact that so many of you don't know who Lenny is... perhaps the most underrated physicist of our life time, I guess.

  • @JohnJohansen2
    @JohnJohansen2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I love the chair he's sitting in. 🙂👍

  • @alexgoslar4057
    @alexgoslar4057 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    So well explained tahnk you Professor Leonard Susskind.

  • @balaji-kartha
    @balaji-kartha 2 ปีที่แล้ว +24

    Well, this is the edge of knowledge as far as theoretical physics is concerned, and it would be really something when we do reconcile the two understandings of the very big and the very small.

    • @darksu6947
      @darksu6947 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      That will be the day that things change forever. I hope I’m around to see it.

    • @balaji-kartha
      @balaji-kartha 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      @@darksu6947 very true; because once we understand how the very small makes the very big, we just might even understand what is consciousness! Everything changes after that!

    • @Mr.MarkGuerrero
      @Mr.MarkGuerrero 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      You would still be lost.

    • @mustangmikep51
      @mustangmikep51 ปีที่แล้ว

      All of Creation begins as THOUGHT and expands outward in DENSITY. Focused thoughts create the energy molds(thought forms) within the nonphysical dimensions and act as the sub structure for matter.....Black holes lead to that sub structure...thats where our physical Universe originates from...to travel through a Black hole...to the "other side" if you will,you would have to give up your "physical dense form" and transform into your much finer ,higher vibrational energy form...after you get to that realm...there are even finer realms to explore and experience...sounds all woo-woo I know, but its REALITY!

    • @mustangmikep51
      @mustangmikep51 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@balaji-kartha EVERYTHING originates from CONSCIOUSNESS.....but that's another enigma like Black holes isn't it?

  • @tonycahill9621
    @tonycahill9621 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    A great physics storyteller! 👏

    • @gracie99999
      @gracie99999 ปีที่แล้ว

      man, not sure about all that cause i m clueless but this a reasoned seasoned person

  • @gracie99999
    @gracie99999 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    clash of principles, progress begin!
    Zthank u for verbalizing this

  • @user-lu9hq6jv4v
    @user-lu9hq6jv4v ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wonderful explanation of insights!

  • @dhruvyadav9499
    @dhruvyadav9499 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    3 mins in and already blown away I thought the video is done.. Never been happy to discover h
    There was more to go

  • @reginaldbauer5243
    @reginaldbauer5243 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    Black holes may be extremely cold (near absolute zero) to us from the outside, but if the gravity of the black hole swallows up all matter and energy, then how do we know that all that mass and energy inside, which cannot escape the event horizon and is trapped inside, is not in fact extremely hot inside? How do we know what the temperature is just inside of the event horizon? What are the astrophysical jets that come from the black hole?
    How do black holes convert mass into energy? Articles about LIGO discovery state that some percentage of mass from black hole mergers is converted into energy, resulting in a black hole that is smaller than the sum of the original mergers. They found two black holes - of 36 and 29 solar masses - merging together to create a new black hole of 62 solar masses. Where did the other 3 solar masses (about 5% of the total system's mass) go? Into the energy of gravitational waves? So, it isn’t that the black holes are losing mass but that the total amount of energy in spacetime is transforming from one form (in two well-separated, unbound masses) to another form (a single, tightly bound mass plus gravitational radiation). How does this process happen? If in the very last second of the merger is where most energy is released (in the form of gravitational waves), then these gravitational waves are pure energy (not particles of any kind)? It is accepted that nothing escapes black holes. So: how is energy radiated from black hole mergers? How are these gravitational waves able to escape black holes?

    • @cxjaguar617
      @cxjaguar617 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      I’m only typing this in hopes your comment gets more attention.

    • @DeStinAr0
      @DeStinAr0 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Soo many questions but no answers 🥲

    • @LordTetsuoShima
      @LordTetsuoShima 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I'm thinking it has something to do with Hawking Radiation

    • @mlfilion
      @mlfilion 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      I don't think anything escapes the black holes until they implode and then explode tearing a hole in spacetime creating a wormhole, where some energy escapes into another spacetime or dimension

    • @nmarbletoe8210
      @nmarbletoe8210 ปีที่แล้ว

      yes it could be hot inside. it can also be hot outside. the temperature is that of the event horizon itself, with nothing else around

  • @miggitymikeb
    @miggitymikeb ปีที่แล้ว

    This is the kind of thing that should be on prime time network television instead of all the reality tv game show slop we have now.

  • @moosewild4239
    @moosewild4239 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    This man is a master at explaining things extremely complex to where the average person can understand. You feel smarter every time you listen to him.

    • @lawrence1318
      @lawrence1318 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Given that he believes in Relativity, he doesn't know what he's talking about.

    • @Sheryl510
      @Sheryl510 ปีที่แล้ว

      You can't feel that much smarter if it took similes for you to try and understand such a complex process.

    • @kathodosdotcom
      @kathodosdotcom ปีที่แล้ว

      hes master of nothing

  • @garyb8528
    @garyb8528 2 ปีที่แล้ว +21

    Rather than losing the information, could the singularity just become a gateway to transfer the information to another bubble universe. Love these discussions with this super intelligent and easy to follow Doctor Susskind.

    • @imissya54454
      @imissya54454 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Bro no one said that you’re smoking ganja

    • @bulletproofkarma
      @bulletproofkarma 5 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Roger Penrose doesn't seem to think so.

  • @DrDeuteron
    @DrDeuteron 2 ปีที่แล้ว +40

    So when Sabine asked "What's inside a blackhole", I said: "The future". You can't get out because you can't go back in time.

    • @clocked0
      @clocked0 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      You can see objects which fell in during the past. And you can't go back in time outside of the black hole, either

    • @scoreprinceton
      @scoreprinceton 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@clocked0 seeing and hearing are analogies but with Page time you can understand what happens to quantum mechanics and celestial mechanics of the rock as explained in this podcast:
      d2r55xnwy6nx47.cloudfront.net/uploads/2021/02/quanta-155_Physics-Paradox-FINAL.mp3

    • @rainappleby
      @rainappleby 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Maximum Entropy

    • @davidmusser7927
      @davidmusser7927 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      How stupid.

    • @Lyndanet
      @Lyndanet 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@clocked0 how do you actually know that…

  • @georgewatts9361
    @georgewatts9361 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great discussion

  • @evanfinch4987
    @evanfinch4987 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    I used to listen to his lectures on quantum mechanics when I worked in a warehouse; an excellent teacher.

    • @geert574
      @geert574 ปีที่แล้ว

      Bro if u understood a thing u wouldn't be in a warehouse would u 🤣

    • @morganmitchell4017
      @morganmitchell4017 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@geert574 Why? I worked in a warehouse, and now I'm doing a PhD in physics.

  • @timmarshall4881
    @timmarshall4881 2 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    That was the most fascinating and meaningful program I have watched for a long time. I only wish my own teachers was as clear and entertaining back in the day.

  • @johnfitzgerald2339
    @johnfitzgerald2339 2 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    @ 09:45 Kuhn [smiling]: "Got plenty of time."
    @ 10:15 Kuhn checks clock.

  • @anuragdhakar9666
    @anuragdhakar9666 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Passing through heart ❤️

  • @kwilliams5260
    @kwilliams5260 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Ive always wondered whether blackholes act like portals to a mirror universe. If the event horizon could be stabilised it would be like a piece of paper 2 sides; a hole in that paper would provide a peep hole to the other side of the paper. Everything in our life and universe has an equalateral balance. Day and night, land and sea, life and death; everything is a cycle. I am a fond believer of the multiverse theory and i hope one day while i still draw breath i get to learn the true nature of blackholes. Universally fascinating

  • @sudstahgaming
    @sudstahgaming 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    This guy is a great talker and explainer

  • @malkhalifa3D
    @malkhalifa3D 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    if a movie was ever based on Susskind, John Malkovich should play him

  • @boke75
    @boke75 ปีที่แล้ว

    This guy looks and speaks like my physics teacher I had wayyyyyy back in 7th grade high school, Mr. Allen. Great teacher ! RIP, Mr. A.

  • @hcic8738
    @hcic8738 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

    It just starts a big bang somewhere else, and the information is never technically "lost"