Hybrid and EV Regenerative Braking Systems
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 19 มิ.ย. 2024
- Learn how regenerative braking systems work.
0:00 Introduction
0:50 Components involved
1:25 Motor Rotor
1:56 Motor Stator
2:15 Stator connections
3:40 Electromagnetic induction example #1
5:19 Electromagnetic induction example #2
6:20 PicoScope oscilloscope 3-phase stator output measurement
8:50 PicoScope oscilloscope 3-phase stator output waveform interpretation
12:15 MUST-SEE! Electric motor loading (braking) example
14:10 MUST-SEE! Letting the smoke out
14:40 Regenerative braking electrical/mechanical summary
17:30 Transmission shifter "B" Braking position
18:28 Negative torque
19:39 MUST SEE! MG1 driving MG2 with 3-phase induced voltages
22:20 The reverse motor rotation
22:45 Low voltage efficiencies
23:49 Video summary
Hybrid and EV Regenerative Braking Systems
Weber State University (WSU) - Department of Automotive Technology - Ardell Brown Technology Wing - Transmission Lab.
This episode covers the transaxle portion of the regenerative braking systems found on most hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and electric vehicles. Regenerative braking systems use inverter-controlled electric motor(s) alone or in conjunction with the hydraulic brake system to slow the vehicle.
There is also an inverter portion of regenerative braking. Without the inverter (through the drive IGBTs) providing an opposing voltage to the voltage induced in the motor stators during deceleration, the charge rate would be at a maximum (The path to the battery would be: motor stator, to diode rectifier bridge, to boost reactor coil (if equipped), to the battery).
The opposing voltage provided by the inverter can:
1. Cancel out the voltage induced on the MG stator (no battery charging).
2. Not oppose it at all (maximum battery charging).
3. Provide a variable voltage to partially oppose the voltage induced on the MG stator (acting like a variable resistance providing a variable battery charge rate).
This video helps cover content related to the 2017 National Automotive Technicians Education Foundation (NATEF) Master Automobile Service Technology (MAST) Standard task 5.G.2 "Describe the operation of a regenerative braking system."
This topic is taught as part of our 4-year bachelor's degree program. For more information on the Weber Automotive program, visit: www.weber.edu/automotive
Special thank you to my friend, Matt Proctor, for the motor loading demonstration idea!
This video was created and edited by Professor John D. Kelly at WSU. For a full biography, see www.weber.edu/automotive/J_Kel...
Donate to the Department of Automotive Technology at Weber State University here: advancement.weber.edu/Automotive
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It would be an honor to just be in Prof. Kelly's class !!
Such crystal clear and honest explanations.
Thank you!
I don't know what I like the most:
a) The way Prof. Kelly explains things making it so easy to understand, or
b) The satisfaction to see someone truly loving its work as a teacher and the tech involved.
The world would do a lot better if we had more Prof. Kellys teaching across all countries universities.
I am a Motor Vehicle Lecturer in England and I have found all of Prof Kelly's videos excellent, and use them extensively in my advanced Vehicle Technology classes. Keep up the good work John.
That was the clearest, most concise & easiest to understand explanation of EV/Hybrid regen braking I've heard. Prof Kelly, the, sound, video, graphic presentation, and your soft-spoken voice & manner made it a pleasure to watch. I'm looking forward to whatever is next on offer. Thx
Professor Kelly busted the myth about "B Mode". Many belief B mode uses the ICE piston compression to decrease the vehicle speed. This does not make any sense to waste the energy which otherwise can be easily recovered. Prof. Kelly clearly explained in B mode, a higher level of regenerative braking to (1) recover more energy to the high voltage battery and (2) the magnetic field puts a higher load to the spinning wheels so less hydraulic breaking is required. Today, I did an experiment with my 2020 Prius Prime PHEV in a 50 mile city driving test invloving mostly flat roads but with many traffic lights. Each time when I needed to slow down, I engaged the B mode until the braking effect diminished before using the hydraulic brake. The result was about 10-15% more range in one charge than not using the B mode at all. Thank you prof. Kelly for clearing this cloud.
I've taken multiple physics courses and electrical engineering courses and never learned so much!! Great video!!
Thanks a lot! That was some quality time spent on TH-cam.
Glad you enjoyed it!
Thanks for the demonstration! I was looking everywhere for the technical side regarding regenerative braking and you delivered just that. I appreciate it!
Thank you Prof. Kelly, I learn a lot by visually integrating the lectures. GOD Bless Sir.
jest pan doskonalym wykladowca,zycze zdrowia
what a fantastic video! I am really shocked with such a clear explanation. Bravo prof. Kelly!!! Your videos seem to me a huge treasure that is gifted by you for free. It's unbelievable. Thank you, Sir.
Hey Prof. Kelly, nice little model of a power plant (MG1), transmission lines (jumpers), and household loads (MG2) you've got there (@ 20minutes). Thanks for sharing!
Thank you
Simply this is the best explanation of the regenerative braking which I've found. Many thanks.
It is fascinating to watch this. Everything from the awesome equipment to the fantastic cars. But best of all is your knowledge and the great way you pass it on. Thanks a lot.
Thank you very much!
One thing I'd love to see - and pardon me if you've done this, I looked and didn't see it - is a discussion of the hydraulic braking system in hybrid & electric vehicles, and how the transition/combination of that and regenerative braking works. I get the sense there's some real wizardry there.
As far as I know when you push the brake pedal and the vehicle slows, the energy released is dissipated in part in the brake calipers and discs and in part is converted in electric energy used to recharge the battery. The same phenomenon of the slowing down of the vehicle through the friction of the tires on the asphalt strengthened by the action of the braking system. Moreover I've heard that in some EV when you push the brake pedal the first part of the braking action is obtained through the increase of the load and therefore the increase of the regeneration driven by the inverter. Only after a certain increase in the pressure on the pedal the hydraulic braking system is called to work.
It’s different in almost every car. Some have paddles to control the regen, some use the brake pedal as @MbMax describes. Some have “one pedal driving” that will let you stop and go with just the gas pedal with no traditional brakes.
Almost all of them let you change how it works. If you want to see it for yourself you should go take a test drive. Much like a standard transmission, there’s good technique required to get maximum efficiency and smoothness
The hydraulic system is the same as a normal car. Once you reach a certain low speed or requires hard braking that the regenerative braking inside the transaxle can’t perform. That’s what happens. The hydraulic brakes take over once the pedal throw reaches down low enough. There isn’t regenerative transfer through the calipers or pads.
Dear Prof. Kelly , with this video you explain so much better about the fact that when you put a load on the GM 1 it will slow down the motor, a fact that i did't know , therefore i went to the patent lawyer but he didn't know how to explain why my invention it is not gonna work , he just told me that it simply is not working . Thank you very much !!!!
I LOVE the thoroughness of your videos... Thank you for sharing your knowledge. You do so brilliantly.
Thx again for all your great videos professor. I love learning and hybrids are a lot of new fun.
Thank you!
Always Awesome! Thank you very much9 ;-)
You have a wonderful gift for making the incredibly complex simple. I have very little aptitude for mechanics, but your explanations provide a very clear understanding of how things work.
Wow! It's astonishing how you make something so complicated to me a lot easier to understand. Thank you!
Thank you!
I just bought a Prius V this past week. I have been searching for information about how it works, mainly the regenerative braking, and this is the best technical explanation I have found. Thanks for the information and all the effort invested on it. I just subscribed. 😊
Great video on how generators work, especially smoking the resistor!
Thank you very much! It was fun
Thank you sir . Even guys who do not have the basics of electrical or electronics will get an idea of the working principle of Hybrid EV RBS. Outstanding explanation.
I would absolutely love to see a in depth explanation of the Gen 2 volts transmission system!
Your content is awesome!
Thank you professor for spreading the knowledge to far and wide, best wishes from London. Your videos are absolutely brilliant and easy to grasp.
Thank you very much!
As an auto tech, I've been in many training classes over the years (decades actually) and have had good and not so good teaching. Your way of simplifying the material is very good! Your demonstrations are excellent also. Practical demonstrations are often the best way to help understand the topic. In this video I was wondering, if by chance the imbalance of the drill adapter could be the reason behind the jagged AC curves and the peaks/valleys ? It's an interesting curve profile for sure.
And I'm glad you were able to return to work after your accident! You obviously have a passion for teaching!
Thank you Prof. K for a thorough explanation of this complex system. I especially like the live demonstration to help me visualize the concept. I will have to watch this a few times to get a complete understanding. I find it very fascinating. Bravo. Thanks again.
Thank you!
This is the best explanation of electric motors I have come across. Thank you sir !
I'm no where near an engineer, or mechanic, but this is just so damn cool! Thank you so so so much for making these videos, keeping so up to date with this ongoing developing transport technology, and sharing this interesting knowledge and experience with the world ^_^
Thank you!
Excellent series of videos! It is nice learning about how your vehicle actually works. Thanks for producing these!
Thank you very much!
Professor Kelly, This discussion was an incredible presentation. Love the old mili ammeter and find it incredible that with induced low voltages of appx 3 volts the output motor gen actually turned. Your “student” body is not limited to just those that fortunate enough to attended Weber, but extends around the world to those from 9 to 90 and continues through the years. Thank you so much!
Thank you very much!
Professor Kelly, you’ve got me wanting to move to Utah just so I could enroll in your program! Keep doing what you’re doing, the way you’re doing it!!
Awesome! Thank you!
Thanks, the video helped me to understand the topic thoroughly in terms of practical application. Greetings from Turkey.
Neat stuff is right! Brake pads must last forever with this system. You make the complicated understandable. Great series of videos on the Hybrids/EVs.
Thank you! Yes, the brake pads last a very long time.
I've only recently come across your channel Professor John and I must say I absolutely love the way you explain things with practical examples and demonstrations. I'll be watching a fair few of your videos from now on I think :-) Awesome stuff.
Thank you very much!
+1 on this, he is awesome!
Thankyou so much, I can’t put into words how much I am enjoying your teaching. I teach Automotive technicians at a technical college in Sydney, Australia, TAFE and you are inspirational.
Thankyou
Thank you very much! it is always good to hear from another automotive teacher!
Another video with excellent explanations of somewhat complicated material. 👍👍
Amazing as always, it's a great pleasure to listen to your lessons, you make everything so easy to understand and exciting that is just not possible to not being interested.
Thank you very much!
Yes, very educational! Nice to watch and I think very understandable for us not so educated ones! Regenerative braking is a wonderful way not to waste energy. And it's basically very simple.
Thank you! Yes, it is a great way to capture energy that would have been wasted.
Great video. Very useful for understanding regenerative braking effectively. Thank you sir 👍
50 videos later, I finally get it! Thank you sir!!!
If I had the money, I’d buy you a Tesla just so I could watch videos of you pulling it apart. Keep up the good work!
Thank you very much!
Bryan Noga
Check out Rich Rebuilds on TH-cam. He buys salvage Tesla's and gets them back on the road.
He is NOT a technical guy... So don't expect the fantastic detail that this amazing channel gives.
But if you want to see a Tesla torn apart.. it's a good place to start. I enjoyed watching it.. but it also. Made me NOT WANT a Tesla.
Mostly because they won't sell you parts and don't really want people fixing there own cars...
@kens97sto171, I think it's a bit more involved than just "not wanting people to fix their own cars". Extra parts means additional inventory space and logistics... Most ICE manufacturers have a big warehouse where they store the extra parts... Consider that Toyota stocks parts for any vehicle for about 10 years after they're manufactured...
Absolutely! I can't wait for Weber to get a Model 3!!
Hah... Their motors are a bit different :)
Thanks for explaing the regen motors, you explain things so well John, very impressive
Thank you for another great video of demonstration. Learning this way is fun!
Thank you very much!
thank you for all the effort you put to produce such an amazing learning experience
Love the demonstration with the resistor.
this is the shortcut of all other youtube videos regrding this topic... great work sir
It's my pleasure
Great video professor! Way more practical than what I've learnt at UBC.
Thank you!
I am so happy I found this. I really enjoy your videos and the way the information provided.
Thank you!
This is fantastic. I've been at Toyota for about a year and a half now and kept asking what actually made the vehicle slow down during regenerative braking. Nobody could answer and I couldn't find it anywhere in our information. So thanks alot for finally making sense of it for me.
Thank you! I am glad it was helpful.
Wow! Very cool using the output of one motor to power the other, kind of like testing both rotors and stators. Blew my mind!
Thank you!
Great video! One comment on demonstrating how adding a load slows down the vehicle is that in your example the motor was acting like a generator and was converting the rotational kinetic energy of the rotor into electric current which was being converted into heat in the resistor. On the vehicle the kinetic energy would be converted to electric energy and stored in the battery. Thus the kinetic energy is removed from the car in the form of electricity and slows down the car.
Wonderful demonstration made with some very elegant demonstration pieces that bring great clarity. Lucky students. 👍
Thank you very much
What a great video, thank you so much Prof. Kelly. Take care and stay safe.
Thank you very much
Great job of teaching and explaining. Even for a semi-novice
Thank you!
Very nice demonstration professor. Thank you for what you are doing here.
Thank you!
Indeed, good demonstration of the impressive efficiency of those motors. The same type of electrical braking is used in power tools to stop their rotation quickly to help prevent injury.
BTW, I wish that all the teachers in my youth would have been as interesting as you to watch and listen to. Thank you for your dedication and passion towards sharing and transmitting (pun intended) your vast knowledge, professor.
Thank you! very much!
Got a kick out of the smoke show! Very good information. I am waiting for the next Volt videos! I want to learn all I can about them.
Thank you!
Your videos are just SUPER, congratulations!!
Just one note: in "B mode" MG2 will regenerate more power than "D mode", but that "extra-power" is not necessarily sent to the battery. In fact, MG1 can be used as a motor to speed up the ICE, dragging it, and use it as a brake. If battery SoC is 100% (the usable SoC, btw) "D mode" cannot guarantee ANY regenerative braking, while B mode can, since it can dissipate MG2 regenerated power through the ICE using MG1 to drive it
F
What a beautifully clear explanation of this design!!
Brilliant like ever. Thanks a lot and congratulations.
Thank you!
Very Nice , Excellent Quality of lectures and practical
Prof is simply the best!
I really love your channel! Great amount of information and great demonstrations and examples. Superb!
Thank you very much!
What an amzing professor.
So amazing how much I learn from theses videos and I'm a mechanic !
Great breakdown and explanation of regen.
I always drive my Bolt in L, rarely use the brakes.
On the flip side, I doubt I will get many miles out of my front tires!
Yes, I rotate every 5k miles.
Thank you. Keep the tire pressures correct or even a little high.
thanks for your videos prof I've learnt alot about the hybrid transmission from you Ones from Kenya.
This is another great video. Learning a lot about my Avalon Hybrid. Thank you!
Thank you!
Thank u so much mr. Profesor. U'r great person who I know. God bless U
Thank you so much for putting these videos out!
This is one of the best videos on this channel, pure awesomeness!
Thank you
WeberAuto please message me
Very rewarding videos, thanks
Very nicely explained. Very detailed. Thanks.
Great show and expert knowledge on mechanics as well as video production
Great demonstration showing how the bdlc motors work
Your videos are outstanding! Thank you!
Thank you very much
I do not know English, but I enjoy watching your program.)
Thank you
Thanks Prof. Kelly. Really good explanations. BTW, minute 6:00 it becomes clear why that amperemeter needle is kind of bent like a bow!
Thanks sir John for another information that you’re sharing with us.
Thank you for watching
Thank you!
Even my English is not good,I can understand professor’s teaching.
Great video professor! Been looking for a simple video to learn more about this subject.
Thank you!
You are a true genius sir
Thank you
Amazing explanational video!! Thank you, good work!!
dont have words to express how much useful and exciting it was 👍👍👍👍👍👍
Excellent stuff!! TY Professor.
Thank you!
learning more hybrid technology from weberauto great vedios。thanks so much.
You are welcome
Your videos are very informative, just one little thing when you calculated the load on the resistor you need to use the peak to peak RMS value multiplied by the amps. The 50V peak is only at the peak for a short time where the RMS is an average.
Learned something today. Thank you professor.
Thank you!
Thank you for the complete and clear information found no where…
Nothing is like watching this when I just woke up. Great video!
Thank you!
What an amazingly talented guy, 👍
Thank you very much
I never like, comment or subscribe. Fantastic video and an ever better explanation! Thank you for taking the time to make these!
Great video, really enjoy watching this educational material 👌⚡️⚡️
Amazing. I appreciate my 2014 Mazda Axela HEV (apparently based on Prius mk 2) much more now, thanks.
I enjoy all your videos. Thank you 🙏
So nice of you
Спасибо, док.
I bought a 2019 Prius Prime on July 2, and have driven it about 800 miles. The explanation in this video of what "B" mode does is wonderful! When I am approaching a red light at 40 mph, and let off the accelerator pedal, the car slows down, and the power flow meter shows regen braking in effect. Pull the selector into "B", and the deceleration instantly increases substantially. The owner's manual says nothing about what's actually happening in "B" mode, and this video explains it perfectly! So, deceleration in "D" mode only uses MG2 for regen braking, but deceleration in "B" mode adds MG1 for additional regen braking. Prof. Kelly, I live in Sacramento, CA, and we get daytime high temps up to 115°F in the summer months. Is there enough cooling capacity in the P610 to keep the MG1 and MG2 stator coils within safe temperature limits in a climate as hot as ours gets? I try to drive in EV mode as much as possible, so I am giving those motor generators, and the battery, quite a workout. I am not sure yet how these stators are cooled. Are they submerged in the liquid transmission oil, or are they dry and cooled by air flowing through them?
They are submerged in ATF.
Very good explanation.
Great video! I enjoyed and learned lots from this. 😅