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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 13 ก.ค. 2024
- The Islamic Golden Age of Science is largely to thank for our scientific developments today. Around 750-1250 CE, the Islamic empire made incredible scientific advancements that changed the course of history! Join Michael Aranda for a fascinating new episode of SciShow where we travel back in time to the Islamic Empire, and see what really happened all those years ago.
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Image Sources:
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“Smart people learn from everything and everyone, average people from their experiences, stupid people already have all the answers.”
- Socrates
"Nobody knows more about *[X]* than me." - Donald J. Trump:
th-cam.com/video/sR3f95BGIiA/w-d-xo.html
Only a fool learns from his own mistakes. A wise man learns from the mistakes of others
-Otto von Bismarck
Never heard that; Thank you!!
@@jabezteng9872 Always hated this statement as it shows the arrogance of the aristocracy to let the lesser men do the labor. To make a mistake is HUMAN, and to not is avoiding life.
@@tygrahof9268 Lesser men? Or less clever men
Fun fact: alcohol and algebra are Arabic words with the definite article still attached (in English, the definite article is the word "the"). "Al" is the definite article in Arabic. So when you say "the Alcohol," you're technically being redundant.
that was a very fun fact thank you!
@@fossilfighters101 yeah man I do what I can
Same for Algorithm and Alkali.
In Spanish there are a myriad of words that start with "Al", heritage of the arabic presence in the Iberian peninsula. Many of them are related to water, as the Andalusian arabs were masters in the use of water for irrigation, cooling down buildings etc
IIRC, Algebra is from "al-jabr", "of numbers", the title of his book. If so, 'al' has more than one meaning, perhaps depending on context; not unusual in many languages. I'm not an Arabic speaker though.
I love how they viewed Engineering as Art
I suggest you to search for Al Jazari. He was a brilliant engineer.
Engeneering IS art.
An art of precision (check modern mechanical watches for example, pure art... type “Seiko Turtle save the ocean Manta Ray edition” pure art)
@@picco_only Islam discovered no art or science they invaded nations and infidels and stole their books and stuff
@@girlsdrinkfeckBeen looking for a moron. Found you.
@@girlsdrinkfeck Oh, I'm not an Islam but I know much about things about Islamic literature and how they'd shaped the world. Without algorithms industrial revolution wouldn't exists, and also Islam provide the first device to measure tide river on the Nile. They modernize modern medicine that we use until this day, etc.
As an Arab and a Muslim, I sincerely thank you for this video. With so much racism against us, and so many people trying to delete and re-write our history, this shows hope for an inclusive future.
Facts
Change they thinking firstly. Diversity of Islam good solve mentality thinking sorry English not OK
indeed my friend especially from persians
If Islam is what lead to this golden age how come they persecuted so many of the scientist and philosopers like ibn rushd? ibn sinh? and al kwarizmi? while their knowledge was widely accepted everywhere else like europe asia and india? The golden age of islam is a modern myth. just because some ppl under islamic rule contributed despite of islam doesnt mean it was because islam. They destroyed librarys, temples, killed ppl that werent islamic, kept more slaves than anyone in history, treated woman as slaves. in fact thats why ibn rushd was persecuted. He taught that "women should not be treated as pets"
Except that the culture of the period was more Aramaic than Arab. Military Empires have a small military caste ruling over subjects of a different race. Sort of like the Romans who ruled over the Greeks. Finally after about 1300 because of the rise of fundamentalism -- you would say pure Islam--Arabic became the language of the people as well as that of the rulers.
Is nobody going to talk about how good his pronunciations are?
TBH, I wouldn't know if they are or not.
@@AlbertaGeek I can speak Arabic and can confirm it was a good try albeit with a Western accent
@@SincerityAF Yup. Definitely commendable.
@@SincerityAF Cool. Good for him, then.
@@SincerityAF his pronunciation of the letter "kha" was surprisingly good
As a native Arabic speaker, I’m really impressed with your pronunciation
He is probably native in eastern language . I guess it's persian or Urdu
As a non-native English speaker, I'm really impressed with his pronunciation of everything ^_^
Much respect for him and a lot more when he pronounces Islam as 'Islam' not 'Izlam' in later videos.
Same
These scholors were all Sunni Persian
I just wanted to say I really, really appreciate your explanation of algebra. Of why it was important, why it was invented, and what the practical applications of the math were back then, as well as today. You helped me make a cognitive connection that I wish I could have made 25 years ago, back when I was in 3rd grade. Thank you.
Al means "The study" so algebra means "study of numbers" ..or what we call "number theory"..similiarly al khwarezmi means "the one of many studies"
I feel you 😭...
@@HiteshJetwaniTechtesh I don't know who told you this, but they have lied to you.
You know, I made a similar comment on a Complexly video a while back and got bashed for being too stupid to google things I didn’t understand.
@@tammymccaslin4787 lol, they're probably a bunch of kids who don't understand that internet, was not a thing when we were still in 3rd grade
Al-Khwarizmi is where English gets the word algorithm.
surprised they didn’t mention that, or the arabic root of the word “algebra” ( al jabr, the reunification of broken parts) and that nearly all written languages use arabic numerals (0,1,2,3, etc) rather than roman numerals, or other numerals
@@anthonywoodward2027 why do people conveniently forget that it's "Hindu numerals"? Indians not in your diversity list?
@@AchiragChiragg is that actually the case ? i ask genuinely, because as you are pointing out, history doesn’t do the indian subcontinent justice
@@AchiragChiragg after some cursory googling, it appears you sir are correct! i’ll be spending the evening learning more about hindu numerals. that makes sense when i think of it, because if i recall correctly, indian mathematics were among the first to describe the idea of the number zero
@@anthonywoodward2027 yes. That is true. And yes, Indian scholar Brahmagupta invented the 'zero' as we know it.
My dudes, let’s rejoice in this peace before the comments become a war zone
Amen. 😂
Too late 😔
It was always a warzone. It just wasn't as destructive due to technological limitations. Tho the cold war meddling definitely didn't help.
Only ignorance can make this section a war zone. Let's hope that won't happen ✌
@@MistarZtv let me know if you find somewhere void of war which we all can visit, yeah?
“Book of Ingenious Devices” sounds like a really fancy way to say life hacks
this is the best comment
They were meta before meta was a thing
LOL
A literal translation of the original title would be "the book of tricks"
They had fancy book titles, some of them was intentionally made to rhyme.
Ibn Sina's book should be translated as "The law of medicine" as -Canon- is just Arabic for قانون meaning law
Because canon in West word means Sharia for the Christianity
@@ramisamman5674 oh I see. I was wondering why they used canon in the translation too.
Technically قانون means The Rules of something So it's more like the Rules of Medicine. It takes on the meaning of Law only when dealing with codified systems. It's very contextually based use. But your point is valid.
Canon can mean the same in English, but is old fashioned.
@@Carewolf Except in Nerd Fandom Culture where Wars have been waged over what is cannon and what is not .. 😆😆
I wish my math teacher had explained the use of quadratic equations.
It would have helped so much...
as an arab who grew up hearing stories about al kindi, ibn sina and others i appreciate videos like this
Taking on a polarizing subject, eh? You know some people have an irrational hatred of algebra.
I see what you did there. Nicely done.
Yeah they're like "I hate this 1000+1000i"
Trust me, geometry/math before the invention of algebra was much harder.
It's not "irrational" when you have multiple teachers fail at teaching and throw it at you as the failure because I got to the answer in a way different than you did in my head and they were more interested in me showing my work than getting the damn answer... then you hear about the "new math" your niece is learning at school and it's *exactly how you do it in your head!*
So yeah, not always "irrational"
Down with Arabic numerals, I want my Roman numerals back. Why write 1999+1=2000 when you can write MCMXCIX + I = MM
In 807, Emperor Charlemagne was sent a brass clock by the Abbasid caliph, Harun al-Rashid in Baghdad. According to the Emperor’s biographer, it was a “marvellous mechanical contraption, in which the course of the twelve hours moved according to a water clock, with as many brazen little balls, which fell down on the hour and through their fall made a cymbal ring underneath. On this clock there were also twelve horsemen who at the end of each hour stepped out of twelve windows, closing the previously open windows by their movements.”
I would love to have a clock like that.
I bet these clocks are amazing, but by 807 (assuming CE) weren't they "old" with artistic updates? Seriously asking...
wasn't there another water clock that was in Spain that was taken apart after the empire lost control, but they couldn't figure out how to put it back together so it was basically a fountain afterwards.
@@jonathanorlando1294 you mean ‘AD’
Apparently some of Charlemagne's advisors wanted to destroy it because they figured its operation was an act of sorcery.
Ibn-Sīnā made medicine canon.
Hipocrates created the stuff
@@caorusso4926 the Thracian physician Herodicus of Selymbria is the real OG, Hippocrates is just a poser
Canon Means law in arabic
The title of the book is the law of medicine
@@Dr.Kafir23 it was a joke man
@@caorusso4926 Fan theory then
Top notch pronunciation of alkhawarizmi!
Not so much for Ibn Sina
The only thing that could done better for this video would be to mention there was not 1 islamic empire or anything, it was the Abbasid Caliphate + several other political entities all of which varied, came and went in betwen 750 to 1250.
interesting, sounds like how people used to call "china" a whole lot of countries back then
Yes. For example, Ibn Sinna lived in Bukhara, present-day Uzbekistan, under the Samanids. Al-Biruni under the Ghaznavids in present-day Afghanistan. And Omar Khayyam in Nishapur under the Karakhanids and later the Seljuks, in present-day Iran
I just think it shouldn't be referred to as the "Islamic" Golden Age when the religion didnt have anything to do with it. Persian and Arab scholars were behind it
@@GumaroRVillamil wow, great info! If you don’t mind me asking, where did you learn this information? Is there a book or documentary you recommend?
@@Spongebrain97 while those scientific advances didn't have anything to do directly with Islam, and in fact at times overzealous rulers placed restrictions on philosophers, they did live under Muslim rule and at least nominally the mathematicians, astronomers, and philosophers were Muslims themselves. Islam is the one thing there unites them across cultures, langues, and centuries. I'd say as a broad label "Islamic Golden Age" is useful
Great video! Thank you. I guess you tried to keep it short and that's why we miss people like Ibn al-Haytham "the father of modern optics", Zakariyyā al-Rāzī, Al-Biruni, Al-Farabi,
Jabir ibn Hayyan, Nasir al-Din al-Tusi, and Omar Khayyam the great mathematician. I'll just put their names here for those who want to know more and look them up. I would also like to note that some of the greatest pieces of poetry ever known to mankind were produced in this era, some of which were the subject of great admiration by people like Johann Wolfgang von Goethe.
Thank you fellow Iranian
thanks bro
this is one of the most accurate video of I have ever saw about the history of science in the Islamic golden age it shows how ethically diverse the scientists were and what kind of science they were interested in good job
Their previous cultures had more to do with that. What happened after the Golden Age? Things were still as or more diverse. Nothing happened.
@@jerrywhidby. because the region wasnt as peaceful after the golden age. The mongols and crusaders both came into the islamic world, from the east and west. The mongols took Persia, a hub of scientific and artistic development and used it as a base to launch further invasions into the middle east and anatolia. The Crusades, while not as effective as the mongol invasions, did do things like sacking several large cities, like Antioch, jerusalem and Acre. Overly sarcastic productions did a really good video about medieval muslim spain that explains how one of the greatest regions for scientific progress in the muslim world, spain. Fell under the control of religious fanatics who stifled innovation.
@@someguy6651 More likely:
"half century after al-Mamun’s death, it even became a crime to copy books of philosophy. The beginning of the de-Hellenization of Arabic high culture was underway. By the twelfth or thirteenth century, the influence of Mu’tazilism was nearly completely marginalized.
In its place arose the anti-rationalist Ash’ari school whose increasing dominance is linked to the decline of Arabic science. With the rise of the Ash’arites, the ethos in the Islamic world was increasingly opposed to original scholarship and any scientific inquiry that did not directly aid in religious regulation of private and public life."
@@jerrywhidby. after the Islamic Golden Age the city of Baghdad was ransacked by the Mongols
@@quranpage-4479 ah where all of the stolen scripts of technological advancements were translated. But how knowledgeable were they really? I mean this is the region of the world that claims Aisha was prepubescent when Muhammad married her.
Any focus on eye surgery scares me, but the cataract surgery mention reminds me of that funny Sam O’nella Academy video about pre-industrial surgeries. Still crazy risky but impressive
Sam O’nella Academy is the best!
But he uploads once in a blue moon 😭
Eye surgery creeps me out, but not as much as the thought of eye surgery before the modern understanding of hygiene and anaesthesia
@Jacob L that’s so cool that it helped your dad with such a quick turnaround. I personally would be scared silly of someone reshaping with a laser or lifting like a flap making my cornea or surrounding area work better.
I think “Ibn” means “son of” and “sina” is the father name. Correct me if I am wrong.
yes it is
Yes, but it may also work like "-son" in English. It can become a "last name" sometimes.
@@Tabuleiro. Well I see the reason you replied lol
@@biohazard724 ?
@@Tabuleiro. the Assassin emblem
fascinating....but why are you wearing a wetsuit?
Recording for for SciShow immediately after doing some scuba diving is a very good mental image
He's a secret agent. The second filming stopped he put on the snorkel and flipped backwards over the side.
Killjoy here: it's probably just a tight fitting black shirt with grey seams. I have a shirt like that made for exercise.
Are the hand gestures just mandatory on Scishow?
@@johnr8996 most people use hand gestures while talking. In marketing hand gestures are encouraged even.
As an Iranian I absolutely appreciate your diverse view of science.
Please keep up the good work and obviously stay safe.
What's really sad is that they don't teach this kind of stuff in private schools in the GCC 😭
Because most gcc leaders r westerm puppet
All the respect to your channel and everyone working in it.
reminds me of that interview with feynman about counting numbers in your head and multitasking. everyone's brain works differently so more diversity means less bias and more novel approaches
can you xplain plz?
@@abdurrazzaq2314 th-cam.com/video/Cj4y0EUlU-Y/w-d-xo.html hear it from the best explainer/educator
That's what I was thinking. Individual thought processes on top of the way different cultures tend to approach thinking about things mix together and you get a wider array of unique ideas than you might otherwise. Maybe not every time, but probably quite often.
@@semaj_5022 different cultures put together tends to create tension too, it also tends to take on a common denominator, since a society's purpose is to serve some kind of majority instead of multiple minorities. Whether the benefits outweigh the problems will show in time.
@@Nemesis816 society has no purpose bud. It's basically an emergent system. Also, It only creates tension when some aren't willing to find common ground. Which most decent people are more than happy to do. I understand your point though. Not every group put together will be sunshine and rainbows.
Interesting video! Thank you Michael :)
I've always wanted to drive deeper into the origins of mathematics and the impact of Arab and Indian contributions to the field. Thanks a lot for sharing the sources!
Indian you wrong
Only Persian and indian contributions. Arabs technically didn't do anything.
@@tareqbk1870 I'm not European. And yes, ya did nothing but kill my people.
@@jalo7261 Arab was a part of india. Don't know what u talking about
@@aadityarohit3331 lol it was aryabhatta who invented aljebra
Hi admirable people of SciShow
I'm from Iran as my name may suggest.
I'm so grateful of hearing about our Golden past scientists and I really enjoyed the way you interpreted this into a modern idea of how diversity and collaboration might result in a better and deeper Scientific progress.
What happened after the Golden Age?
@@jerrywhidby. Mongols happened.
@@Dr.Zubair more likely this is the cause:
"A half century after al-Mamun’s death, it even became a crime to copy books of philosophy. The beginning of the de-Hellenization of Arabic high culture was underway. By the twelfth or thirteenth century, the influence of Mu’tazilism was nearly completely marginalized.
In its place arose the anti-rationalist Ash’ari school whose increasing dominance is linked to the decline of Arabic science. With the rise of the Ash’arites, the ethos in the Islamic world was increasingly opposed to original scholarship and any scientific inquiry that did not directly aid in religious regulation of private and public life."
@@jerrywhidby. What exactly are you quoting?
Principles of mechanics vs application of mechanics. This is partly why I had so many problems with math in school, because I was never taught the purpose for a2 + b2.
@George xeno Sorry, but I only speak english.
Thank you, Scishow, for your constant objectivity! I studied medieval interactions between Islam and Christianity for years in grad school, and I honestly have a mini panic attack before i watch videos like this because they're usually a disaster. It's such a relief to see a video this good in a time where most people can't discuss anything remotely related to any religion with any degree of competence and impartiality.
What a comment, I feel exactly the same my friend!👏
Ibn Sinas work was also honored in the 2013 Film "The Physician", where the scientist was portrayed by the brilliant Ben Kingsley.
This comments sections shows there is some hope for us yet. Science, nature, knowledge and creation including the cosmos is beyond beautiful, isn't it? Gaze into infinity and find beauty that is everywhere.
Thank you so much for making this video and high-lighting this often overlooked history.
Al-Khwarizmi wrote a book with a title that in arabic was "Al-Khwarizmi about Indian Numbers" that was translated in latin with "Algoritmi de numero Indorum".
So algorithm is just the english translation of the latin translation of his last name :D
Awsome episode and subject !!!
This video explained the Quadratic Formula to me better than 8 years of school ever did.
Thank you for the clear and useful explanations!
This is an amazing episode, and one that I think I will keep revisiting in the future
I'm kinda proud of humanity rn cuz I've yet to see a comment war in this video's comment section
Because there are no Muslims on science videos nowadays :D
@@thwKobas Huh?
Bazz Music it's a joke, damn...
@@thwKobas Ok Damn lol.. totally went over my head
@@thwKobas
I know it's a joke but it kinda punches me in the gut to know that a lot of Muslims in my country reject science. Like, dude. Science isn't a Western propaganda to brainwash you. It's knowledge... 😔
Imaging living in that era, in that empire where there is no borders
Thanks for this video 👍 very informative!
Thank you for making this video and highlighting the stuff that most ppl didn't know
I remember reading somewhere that Snell's Law of Refraction was first stated correctly by a mathematician of this tradition and era. He also applied it to find the optimum shapes of lenses to suit specific purposes.
I really hope that there is enough peace in the Middle East in my lifetime so that I can take a scientific pilgrimage to some of these historic locations.
If it wasn't for a lot of extremely crazy things related to what's going on with anything islam bastardizing itself with rejecting science like this, all would be fine.
Good luck.
Not gonna happen... many places you’d want to go are in Iran.. Iran will be a mess for many decades to come.
@@TheRealFobican Read a bit more on islam and you'd realize how deeply Science is engrained in Islam , like. e.g. The Prophet of Islam said "Knowledge is the lost treasure of a believer acquire it where ever you find it" or "Acquire knowledge even if you have to go to china to get it" or the ruling that its "mandatory for all Muslim men and women to acquire knowledge" , and that wasn't religious knowledge. also as a side note. the Islamic golden age came about during the Abbasid Caliphate, not a democratically run government. Islam and Science are not adversarial and never have been like the Church and science was in the middle ages. The current situation that you see is more to do with political ideologies or the system of government since most tyrannical government structures and dynasties setup by coup d'etat during the cold war by USA/NATO and USSR/Warsaw Pact are being rejected by both the right and the left in Muslim countries and its still a war of ideologies with proxies everywhere. even in that Neither the left or the right ignore the importance of science and knowledge in Islam. The more you know right ?
There are plenty of countries that you can visit actually , Iran is pretty safe (as long as you dont listen to Fox news) you can still go to India, Uzbekistan, Iran , there is a massive collection in the Islamic historical museum in Qatar and one in UAE. Iraq though needs time and so does Syria , but Jordan is open and so is Egypt and Turkey. then there is the architecture in Andalusia
Great episode.
Thanks SciShow
Thanks for the informative video!
At a continuing education course I attended some doctors were asked to identify a rash. Most doctors misdiagnosed it because they hadn't seen it before. There's was one who correctly identified it as bed bugs. He came from a region where it was common.
Yep and we had eradicated them in Occidental countries, but diversity brought them back.
@@jerrywhidby. No. Bed bugs became resistant to insecticides and unless you wanted a 100% strict ban on all travel you could never avoid bed bug spread. Even if you did have a 100% ban on Western travel to non Western areas you need to know that there are people that travel from these countries to a country in between the West and East, like Greece, Israel, eastern Europe, Russia. These countries necessarily travel to "non-Western" countries because their people are scattered between them and the East because borders have changed over the years and some Greek people, for example, are in Eastern countries that border Greece.
Diversity has nothing to do with bed bugs, evolution does. The bugs evolved a resistance, as all fast reproducing and numerous animals do.
@@jerrywhidby. lol
@@skybluskyblueify See a USA Today article titled 'Bed bugs disappeared for 40 years, now they're back with a vengeance. Here's what to know'. DDT was banned in 1972. We didn't start seeing them until the late 90s. I'm pretty sure people were traveling during those two decades.
Here's all the wisdom, in a house. It's the Baghdad House of Wisdom, just in time for the *Islamic Golden Age*
I was waiting for a comment like this; I did not have to wait long.
*_A rich hipster named Kukai..._*
theres something in the ocean, somethings alive in the ocean
Hey can we go to the land?
NO
Why?
THE SUN IS A DEADLY LAZER
Oh okay...
@@kyperkon2472 Oh, cool, like an animal or a plant or something? NO.
this was such a lovely video. well done
Thanks for sharing such a useful and great video.
The first scientist, even according to secular historians, was a Muslim by the name of Hasan ibn Haythem who developed the modern scientific method. During the Golden Age of Islam, Muslims were economically, politically, militarily and technologically far ahead of most of the world whilst Europe was in Dark Age.
West has taken a lot from the Muslim world. It was the justice and tolerance of Islam that made science flourish and awoke Europe from Dark Age giving birth to European Renaissance.
Professor Thomas Arnold writes that the European Renaissance originated in Islamic Spain:
*Muslim Spain had written one of the brightest pages in the history of Medieval Europe. Her influence had passed through Provence into the other countries of Europe, bringing into birth a new poetry and a new culture, and it was from here that Christian scholars received what of Greek philosophy and science they had to stimulate their mental activity up to the time of the Renaissance.*
*- The Preaching of Islam: A History of the Propagation of the Muslim Faith by Thomas Arnold, p. 131*
Translations of Arabic works on science were made for almost three centuries, starting from the 10th to the 13th century and gradually spread throughout Europe.
Professor George Saliba penned a book on this very topic and stated that:
*There is hardly a book on Islamic civilization, or on the general history of science, that does not at least pretend to recognize the importance of the Islamic scientific tradition and the role this tradition played in the development of human civilisation in general.*
*- George Saliba, Islamic Science and the Making of the European Renaissance, Massachusetts, 2007, p. 1*
Stop lying, this had nothing to do with islam.
@@fitzburg63
According to Ibn al-Haytham, it was the Qur’an that inspired him to study philosophy and science:
*“I decided to discover what it is that brings us closer to God, what pleases Him most, and what makes us submissive to His ineluctable Will.”*
*- Steffens, B., Ibn al-Haytham: first scientist, 2007*
Without Ibn al-Haytham’s scientific method, we may still be living in a time when speculation, superstition, and unproven myths are the basis of science. It is not a stretch to say that without his ideas, the modern world of science that we know today would not exist.
So it is safe to say that the modern world, with all of its advanced technology like the internet and mobile phones, is a direct consequence of the revelation of the Qur’an.
@@moizahmed4705 Sure, sure, all scientists in the entire world study your man-made quran before they make any discoveries of theirs - muslim, do not ridicule yourself. We have 136 MILLION books better written than your pathetic quran, our science is MILLIONS of times better than your man-made islam.
So we can say he also created the concept of what's canon 😀
Cannon ~ Law
So Medicine Cannon,in english its called, Law Of Medicine
Yes that was the source of the word, although in Arabic it means law
It's Kanūn. Not Ke-non.
@@hassanuzzamanchowdhury9531 nah it's kwoonon
So fascinating! Thanks for sharing. I remember learning a lot about this from crash course's history of science
Love you SciShow, keep spreading knowledge 💗
Diversity was intrinsic to their government system. They created huge empires thanks to big trade routes. Important trade routes favor the exchange of ideas and the exchange of ideas, favor science. Diversity is therefore intrinsic.
But I wouldn't say it's the cause. I'd say that a mentality with few cultural prejudices, a government that is not cruel against its people or the conquered peoples, is the true cause of scientific progress. Diversity in my opinion is a phenomenon derived from it, which undoubtedly influences its maintenance.
What I mean is that there are many ways to interpret those finding about scientific articles. When a team tries to include scientists from different places is for some reason. Usually that people have something important to contribute to the team.
@Obama Cube Ok Obama Cube.
@Obama Cube Their conquests were not so bloody as you think at first. For example, they took Spain when they were invited by their kings and they barely battled. They were clever. The world was in dark after the fall of the roman empire and they had the resources and the will to advance over it.
They made wonders in Spain and they were very good rulers. They cared a lot about the people and they didn't try to destroy other religions or beliefs. Christians and muslims used to live next to each other without major problems. In eastern regions they were pretty much the same during the golden age.
Everything changed during the crusades, maybe a few decades earlier, I don't remember with precision. The golden age was no more. Their mindset changed.
@Obama Cube Every empire in history has been barbaric to some extent. The objective here is to appreciate the knowledge that has come out of it rather than the violent actions of those in power.
@Obama Cube the term "dhimmi" means that you pay a tax to be protected by the government. In times of war muslims are FORCED to defend and fight whether they like it or not, dhimmis are not. so cruel goddamn.
Guess who also taxes their citizens? just about every single country in the world?
jesus christ, a tax, the archnemesis of human rights
This is the best, most brilliant SciShow ever. Thank you Michael for the presentation but big thanks to the team for the collab on this story. Brilliant! Just Brilliant!!
amazing and extremely insightful video
The monument in the thumbnail is in the Khorezmian city of Khiva where Al Khorezmi was born and where I live.
This is fantastic. Do you have any plans to make a video about the pre-Darwinian Muslim scholars such as Al-Jahiz, Ibn Miskawayh, and The Ikhwan Al-Safa? I would love to show a video like that to my biological anthropology class (but I'll probably still show them this one).
Thanks a lot to let us know about the inventions of the Muslim scientists and their valuable contributions in the field of science. Thousands and thousandsThanks to Allah Subhano Taala who gave the knowledge to these Muslim scientists. I am proud to be Muslim.
The video forgets to mention that many were Persian, and most were not what you'd call "Muslim" - most educated people (today ~2/3 of scientists) are not religious and the ones that are have very different views of religion/god. Let's looks at some of the key figures of the Islamic golden age and see just how "Muslim" they were:
Ibn Sina - rejected the Hereafter, accused of being a kafir and an atheist by scholars
Al Maarri - rejected the idea that Islam had a monopoly on truth, thought it was simply a matter of geographical accident what faith people adopted, regarded by historians as one of the three foremost atheists in Islamic history
Al Razi - heretic, was told that he should be executed for his ideas on religion and prophecy, he was censored for his opinions
Al Kindi - disagreed with the Quran, his library (know to all Baghdad) was confiscated and he got 50 lashes, fell into depression
Ibn Al Haytham - "father of optics", leader of heretical branch of Shiism, pretended to be insane to avoid execution, was under house arrest for 10 years
Al Farabi - argued against prophets, went against teaching of imams, shows that since all religions can present the same types of argument, one cannot tell which religion is right, which are wrong, or even if any are right
Thabit Ibn Qurra - Sabian, kafir, studied magic
Ibn Rushd - accused of heresy whose books were burn
Jabir Ibn Hayyan - was accused of being a magician
Ibn Battuata - accused of slandering religious leaders, had at least 6 marriages, lovers and fathered several children on his travels
Ibn Bajjah - many Muslim biographers consider him to have been an atheist
Al Khatib - a fatwas was issued in which his work on Sufism and philosophy were branded heretical, jailed and died in prison
Al Jahiz - a heretic who was told that he should be executed
after searching the source for the first one, Ibn sina did not reject the hereafter and was a devout muslim, I don't even need to bother checking the rest because I know you are making stupid claims
@@theastronomer5800
This is my favourite video from this channel 💙
Another reason might be the religion it self, the Quran is a book that is full of information about space, learning and the importance of thinking and reflecting on the world
This is such a delightful and important video! My knowledge about science and scientists is so overly saturated with stories about white scientists which is more likely to go hand in hand with a "western-centric" arrogance that's very present in many forms. Thank you for producing this video that might counteract those tendencies a bit
Interesting that you do are so racist against whites. Did you know that Muhammad considered him the whitest of all Prophets? He also owned black slaves, the blacker the better. He never wanted to be considered having dark skin.
Another douche trying to bring racism to science
@@classicalteacher I'm pointing out the historical over representation of white scientists, how is stating this fact racist? do you even know what racism is? I wasn't praising these scientists in this video for being perfect and superior to white humans. I'm just glad that they get some representation here that they didn't get in my previous educational programs.
@@derfred527 do I know what racism is? As a rhetorical question, it's stupid. If you lived in the east, would you blame them for having "Eastern-centric" arrogance in their education models? The point of my whole comments is that Muhammadism isn't as Grand as they make it out to be. And that Muhammad was racist.
@@derfred527 really they shouldn't have said anything about the cult of Muhammad. They should have just said that scientist from India helped develop some of the foundations of science. Nothing in the Quran is scientific.
Just so you know ,the library of house of wisdom was burned by the mongols/they used the book as a bridge to cross on the river ,,,what we have today is just what left of it ,no one know if the mongols didn't invade where we will be today with our collective human knowledge
Same thing with the library of alexandria
@@MrTaib-kj4ib yeah ,we would probably have Internet with 100G and probably space travel would be a thing
Amazing content!
Hats off to you guys for this excellent video ... 👌❤💖
Nothing more inspiring than amazing people from the past. We have such an amazing world in many ways because of them and also we have a tremendous responsibility to continue their work under the most ethical conditions possible.
Thank you for shedding light on the scientific marvels the islamic empire had made
Great video. I was really left laughing at the pronunciation of the names 😹
Very educational, thank you
for those of you who, like me, get your information visually,
there is a lovely series by Waldemar Januszczak, called
"The Dark Ages: an age of light" that delves into this subject rather well,
and very entertainingly...presently back on youtube on the Perspective channel
So is it safe to say that they are back in the "Stone Age"?
Just went on a lab tour yesterday at the ANPC, super strange to notice a place you have been in a stock photo (9:09)
Subhanallah, your video is amazing for experiences.
I'm going to give a 8/10 on these comments in this comment section! I was so ready to be like "Oh boy, here we go, these comments are going to be entirely cancerous", but they really aren't. Thank you, everybody, for not being super awful about this. Just goes to show how a love of knowledge and science can bring people together, and how science is and has been a universal tool.
It's still early yet
As a muslimah, I was holding my breath when opening the comment section. But indeed, I am glad for the humanity showed.
Well, let me help you out and satisfy your cravings. They were only able to "discover" these Sciences because they raped, killed, and enslaved the local cultures in the lands that they conquered. All in the name of the child rapist, sex-slave owning, little boy tongue sucking merchant who killed all his adversaries and created a cult piecemeal from surrounding religions.
@@classicalteacher what do the romans have to do with algebra
@@fixthefernback8030 Romans? The Mohammedans... Muslims. The followers of the man named Mohammed.
Great Video! But one of the best scientists didn't cover was Ibn Al-Hytham. Besides his important contribution to optics, Ibn Al-Hytham was one of the first scholars to emphasize experimental verification and probably the first to express the importance of doubt in testing out the correct hypothesis. Experimentation is what makes science what it is. Rozer Bacon, by his own word, was applying Al-Hytham's empirical methods rather than Aristotle's arguments in search of the truth.
Always interesting.
thank you for this video!
Id like Assassins Creed game in this setting
Thank you for pronouncing Iran correctly😂I know it seems like a little thing but it’s always frustrating when people pronounce it wrong
Yeah. English pronounce is much like i-ran
@@shankysays yeah exactly, I have no idea why that annoys me so much
Is that how you pronounce the name of your country in Farsi?
@@TeutonicEmperor1198 even in Hindi it's pronounced as eran. That's how it's meant to be
@@shankysaysWe used to call this country as "Περσία"(Persia) for the last 2600 years and then suddenly the Iranian nation decided to use the name "Iran" as the official name! We need some time to adjust to this new reality!
I didn't expect to go on a wikipedia adventure today but I need more info
This is fascinating
Arabic is my first language. Your pronunciation of the names was pretty legit - good video.
I know there was a lot to cover in a short amount of time, but Timbuktu was also a great center for learning in the Islamic world for centuries.
It sounds like the real meat of why science burgeons is that stability leads to advancement. if your civilization is stable enough to grow and encompass diverse regions peacefully, it's stable enough for thinkers to develop.
@no no absolutely nothing to do with foreign intervention in the 20th century leading to instability in majority Islamic countries. not one bit. even when this video itself is proof the region had historically flourished during eras of stabile growth. it's the religion itself.
@@fixthefernback8030 excellent response
@@fossilfighters101
No, it's not. It completely misses the point of what he said.
@@fixthefernback8030
He didn't say that. He agreed with you.
But anyways conflict itself is partially due to religion. When people make conquests justified by their religion, you praise the religion for the science in the conquered territories. But when religious conflicts stifle progress, the religion is not to blame?
"Islamic Golden Age" is unfortunately often interpreted as if Islam somehow motivated open ended inquiry.
@@MrCmon113 the point is it's the way all religions are used to justify wrongdoings, not the religions themselves. have you forgotten the crusades, or that in the modern day there are christian extremists on africa?
Good Video!!!
Great content
Nice video!
I'd like to add to that:
*Ibn Al Haythem:* founded the scientific method, invented the camera obscura and wrote about optics, he's known as the father of modern optics.
*Al-Idrissi:* drew a world map "Tabula Rogeriana" in 1154 which still very accurate to this day, he also explained why the earth is spherical.
*Jabir Ibn Hayyan:* the father of chemistry, real chemistry.
*al-Khwarizmi:* founded Algebra and made great contributions to Arithmetic.
*Ibn Sina:* the father of early modern medicine.
*Ibn Al-Nafis:* the first to describe the pulmonary circulation, he also made other medical contributions.
*Al-Khalil ibn Ahmad al-Farahidi:* a philologist and lexicographer he wrote the first dictionary for the Arabic language called "Kitab al-Ayn" and made great contributions to the nature of Arabic language.
*Zakariya al-Qazwini:* a physician, astronomer and geographer famous with his cosmography book "The Wonders of Creation".
*Ismail al-Jazari:* mechanical engineer and mathematician famous with his invention "The elephant clock" and his book "knowledge of engineering tricks".
These were only few names, what Muslims contributed back then was translated in the mid centuries into latin then into German and was taught in European universities until the 17th century, it was also one of the factors of the Renaissance and to this day the world still benefiting from such knowledge.
So as a Muslim and an Arab I'm proud even though some of those weren't Arabs yet they considered themselves to be Arabs as they spoke and wrote in Arabic and what's common between them all is that they were Muslims and believed in the same book: The Quran, the divine book that its first revealed verse to the prophet peace be upon him was "Read: In the Name of your Lord, who created.", the book that invite others to seek knowledge and use their logic and intellect and submit their will to the one and only God.
May Allah have mercy on them and reward them paradise for their good deeds.
Please do another video about the library of Bagdad, the first university in the world and the architecture of the islamic golden age and it's use of geometry.
Excellent. Thank you!
Very good. You could make a video about ancient greeks' science and technology too
6:03 when you said Ibn-Sina observed a supernova and contemplated life I thought about how the sight of a supernova (probably a bright spot in the sky for multiple weeks) would have impacted many, if not all civilizations on Earth at that time.
I think even the most remote civilizations would have remembered this spectacle for generations through storytelling, maybe even building whole religions based on the phenomenon.
Would love to see a video about it!
Groetjes
Would really be interesting if we went back historically and did a research about how the different civilizations observed and recorded the event.. I'm sure it had an impact even if tiny on astrologists and researchers back then.
Islam is not like those man made religions, in the authentic hadith reported by Bukhari :
Narrated Al-Mughira bin Shu`ba:
"The sun eclipsed in the lifetime of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) on the day when (his son) Ibrahim died. So the people said that the sun had eclipsed because of the death of Ibrahim. Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "The sun and the moon do not eclipse because of the death or life (i.e. birth) of someone. When you see the eclipse pray and invoke Allah."
Its the original message of all prophets from Adam to Jesus Christ to Muhammad peace be upon them all: only The Creator is worthy of worship and there is nothing like unto Him and He is The All Seeing The All Hearing to Him belongs all the perfects attributes.
Mashallah! I would highly recommend S Frederick Starr’s book The Lost Enlightenment
@Rational Learner and I recommend watching Farid's refutations of "Apostate Prophet": th-cam.com/play/PLsdT_5k9wPhEQ_Nh9zdS9kbFJ7xL0l_Es.html
Good explaining
The truth. Islam is science growth
I am not Arab or Muslim but the westren world owes everything to them with a sprinkle of Persians. I mean I know it was an Arab empire at its core, but when Arabs and Persians work together they make great things. I am currently planning for a trip post COVID to the Middle East particularly Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Oman . I am kind of scared of going to Iran but I am really considering it.
I've been to Iran, its culture, nature, and landscape diversity are truly a sight to behold
@@EvilN4ture I have been to Iran it was beautiful, but sadly I didn’t have the best experience there not Iran or Turkey. I have lived in the Middle East for 17 years mostly in Arab countries and turkey. I hope to go to Iran in the future and have a better experience
I love this video, and I actually love algebra.
I found geometry easier than algebra while my mom found algebra easy and geometry hard.
Same And Algebra for me is really easy but a lot of people say complicated but it’s actually not 😂
Thank you for this.
This is such a great video, damn