Alpha Particles, Beta Particles, Gamma Rays, Positrons, Electrons, Protons, and Neutrons
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 มิ.ย. 2024
- This video tutorial focuses on subatomic particles found in the nucleus of atom such as alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, protons, electrons, positrons, and neutrons. It contains plenty of examples and practice problems.
Chemistry PDF Worksheets: www.video-tutor.net/chemistry...
Here is a list of topics:
1. Nuclear Chemistry - Types of Radioactive Decay & Radiation
2. Beta Particle Production / Emission or Beta Decay
3. Conversion of Neutrons Into Protons and Electrons
4. How To Find and Identify The Missing Element
5. Position Production Reaction
6. Gamma Particle Production From The Annihilation of a Positron and an Electron
7. Electron Capture and Nuclear Transformation
8. Alpha Particle Production & Gamma Rays
How To Balance Nuclear Equations: • How To Balance Nuclear...
Alpha, Beta, & Gamma Decay: • Alpha Decay, Beta Deca...
Half Life Chemistry Problems: • Half Life Chemistry Pr...
Carbon-14 Dating Problems: • Carbon 14 Dating Probl...
Nuclear Binding Energy & Mass Defect: • Nuclear Binding Energy...
Nuclear Chemistry & Radioactive Decay: • Nuclear Chemistry & Ra...
General Chemistry 2 Final Exam Review: • General Chemistry 2 Re...
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Chemistry - Basic Introduction: • Chemistry
Stoichiometry Practice Problems: • How To Solve Stoichiom...
Lewis Structures - Mega Review: • Lewis Structures, Intr...
Molarity, Molality, Density, & Mass %: • Molarity, Molality, Vo...
Vapor Pressure & Clausius Equation: • Vapor Pressure - Norma...
Colligative Properties: • Colligative Properties...
General Chemistry 1 Final Exam Review: • General Chemistry 1 Re...
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Chemical Kinetics - Initial Rate Method: • Chemical Kinetics - In...
Integrated Rate Laws - 1st & 2nd Order: • Integrated Rate Laws -...
Chemical Equilibrium & Ice Tables: • Chemical Equilibrium C...
Acids and Bases - Introduction: • Acids and Bases - Basi...
Acids and Bases - Practice Test: • Acids and Bases Review...
Ksp - Molar Solubility & Ice Tables: • Ksp - Molar Solubility...
Gibbs Free Energy, Entropy & Enthalpy: • Gibbs Free Energy - En...
Entropy - 2nd Law of Thermodynamics: • Entropy - 2nd Law of T...
Intro to Galvanic & Voltaic Cells: • Introduction to Galvan...
Cell Potential Problems: • Cell Potential Problem...
Cell Potential & Gibbs Free Energy: • Cell Potential & Gibbs...
Cell Potential & Equilibrium K: • Equilibrium Constant K...
Nernst Equation: • Nernst Equation Explai...
Electrolysis of Water: • Electrolysis of Water ...
Intro to Electroplating: • Introduction to Electr...
Electrolysis & Electroplating Problems: • Electrolysis & Electro...
Electrochemistry Practice Problems: • Electrochemistry Pract...
SAT Chemistry Subject Test Review: • SAT Chemistry Subject ...
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Coordinate Covalent Bond: • What is a Coordinate C...
Complex Ions & Ligands: • Complex Ions, Ligands,...
Naming Coordination Compounds: • Naming Coordination Co...
Beer Lambert's Law: • Beer Lambert's Law, Ab...
Crystal Field Theory: • Crystal Field Theory
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ACT Math Practice Test: • ACT Math Test Prep
Final Exams and Video Playlists: www.video-tutor.net/
Full-Length Videos & Worksheets: www.patreon.com/MathScienceTutor/collections
Chemistry PDF Worksheets: www.video-tutor.net/chemistry-basic-introduction.html
Who else is up at 3 AM cramming for an upcoming test
2:27am rn and the test is at 9:00, Im in trouble because i don’t get why we need positron emission, like it made the atom more radioactive?!!
PlushieBlushie naw cyberdays
not me! i am studying months before my exam :-)
11:40 but yeah
Yes. Gonna get a B for Chem 2, but hey, it's a B..
specifically dropped chemistry cuz of this and now i find it in physics ;-; thank you for this bro ;-;
Here I am 15 minutes before a test trying to learn 2 weeks worth of class in 15 minutes
Paige Faulconer same
how'd u do?
Lewis Sison ngl I got like 63%😂😂😂
I'm trying to learn 4 years worth of class in one week
Paige Faulconer not bad
thank you my chemistry teacher explained nothing to me
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This is so helpful! I'm not cramming for school or anything, I just like learning about science. Definitely the best video I've found on alpha particles
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I learned a bit about nuclear physics and nuclear chemistry in my modern physics class last year, but have yet to take nuclear and particle physics (I take it in the fall). Im brushing up and have a few questions, which may be a bit advanced for this lecture, but I thought I'd ask anyways.
First, in electron capture and positron production, why is it that either a positron can be emitted or an electron captured during the transmutation of a proton into a neutron? I used to wonder why the proton could absorb an electron and produce a system with a positron and an electron without mutual annihilation, but then realized that the proton and neutron are both comprised of up and down quarks, which are what determine their charge. It seems then, quarks being tied together by the weak force, can in times of instability transmutate one of their quarks into either a down or an up quark to attain a more favorable balance in their system. If this is the case, is beta decay (electron emission and positron production) an electroweak interaction, whereby the quark in the respective neucleon is able to flip its charge state (+2/3 -> -1/3 or -1/3 -> +2/3) by either emitting the excess full unit of charge energy from the weak field into the electromagnetic field or from the electromagnetic field into the weak field? Is the electron emitted in beta decay emitted into the s1 orbital and the kinetic energy conserved through a sort of consecutive jostling of electrons into higher orbitals until an electron in the outer shell ejected? Why doesnt a positron emitted during beta decay annihilate with an electron in one of the energy shells and produce gamma radiation rather than an ejected positron?
In that same token, if one were to fire a stream of positrons into an oncoming stream of neutrons (from a neutron source with sufficient flux to induce a non negligible probability of collision), would the positron and one of the down quarks combine to produce a proton (in much the same way as electron capture)? Obviously, such an interaction cannot happen (or is very improbably to happen) within the nucleus of an atom since the electrons orbiting it preclude the existence of positrons and the net positive charge of the nucleus would repel any incident positrons hurdling towards it. Or does beta decay require that the absorbtion and emission of electrons and positrons occur only when the strong field is in a state of instability or meta stability such that the interaction becomes energetically favorable (precluding lone neutrons from capturing incident positrons and undergoing beta decay into a proton and neutrino)?
Lastly, also beyond the scope of this video, does the capture of an electron produce the emission of a neutrino in order to balance the lepton number of the atom? Is an atom with too many neutrons more likely to undergo electron emission while an atom with too many protons more likely to undergo positron emission and electron capture? I'm completely fascinated by nuclear chemistry and nuclear physics.
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I love the straight forward, step by step and understandable notes and explainations but I suggest to be more alive because I feel that you sound tired and it makes me feel guilty about watching these video that take up your time doing research 👍😁 But still love them all
Do we have any direct observation of an unstable element changing into a different element? My understanding is that an unstable nucleus has a probability of spontaneously decaying and emitting radiation. The idea being that if, say, the atom underwent alpha-decay, its nucleus would change. Is there any evidence of the actual sample changing from one element into another?
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How come sometimes the atom going through decay is on a separate side and then at other times it is on the same side with the radioactive particle?
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4:53 So then 13-O-8 is electrically positive, correct? Because the net charge on both sides has to be 0.
And 0-e-(-1) + 13-O-8 has to have total charge of 0. Just want to make sure.
yea trying to figure out this part also. Did the electron leave the atom entirely or did it just leave the nucleus but is still within the electron cloud of the atom?
@@JoeBased08
It's still in the cloud around the nucleus, so the net charge stays the same and the atom stays neutral.
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This is a great video, thank you. I have a question. When you are just given an element, like 99/42 Mo, that is mass number 99 and atomic number 42, and you are asked to give the product and decay sequence assuming via alpha, electron, positron, and gamma, how will you go about it? I just want to understand properly. Thank you.
I'm not sure but I think its like these
alpha 99/42 Mo
-> 4/2 He + 95/40 Zr
beta 99/42 Mo
-> 0/-1 e + 99/43 Tc
positron 99/42 Mo
-> 0/+1 e + 99/41 Nb
gamma 99/42 Mo
-> 0/0 + 99/42 Mo
u just need to do some math like what he did. replace the value of particles depending on what you're going to find. then, boom wala akong ma gets
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Quistion The radioactive 232 90Th decays spontaneously and a series of alpha and beta particles emission occur where the atom undergoes many transformations to end up as 208 82Pb. How many alpha particles are emitted in converting 232 90Th into 208 82Pb?
ty my chem teacher never taught us how to do this😃
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For the first demonstration, since the oxygen atom lost an electron and gained a proton, doesn’t the atom it self have a charge of x+1?
So which one is going backwards in time ? Electron or positron ? Or do they switch the roles when the decay type changes ? Feynman are you reading this ?
to anyone who’s watching this video, hang in there ik chemistry sucks but i believe in you.
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Thanks 👍
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Hold up in the previous example, when when Nitrogen-13 reacted with a beta particle the number of protons increased to 8. But when Arsenic-73 reacts with a beta, the number of protons go down from 33 to 32???
this is late but for anyone stuck... the Arsenic is an example of electron capture whereas, nitrogen is an example of beta decay. in electron capture, the nucleus captured an electron from the inner core resulting in the lowering from 33-32 even tho set up looks like the same the processes are different. hope tht helps.
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Hey can X-rays induce beta decay? I NEED MORE POSITRONS!!!
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For gamma ray emission:
The mass number is unchanged and atomic number decreases right?
Gamma rays have a mass of 0 and charge (atomic # also) of 0. Therefore it has no impact on either.