Great video, thanks for the good information! It came to my mind how miraculous it is that we can send a video through the air anyway 😮 We forget about these wonders.
Mobile telecom engineer here. Last 15-20 years telecom invested insane amounts of money, first with 3G, then soon after LTE, then 5G. During this time radio technology changed as well so many base stations went through several upgrade phases. Now imagine a telecom with anywhere from 20 -30 000 stations. That is huge amount of work and money. Investing into mm wave is not seen as something profitable. Keep in mind, next to RF spectrum price, placing RF equipment on any public location carries a big price tag. Not an easy task when you have to place 10 transceivers within some tiny area. From a network traffic profiles we observe very often there is no need for further capacity increase and if there is such need then micro stations can efficiently solve this issue. To be honest, I would never like to do radio interface optimization over the area with low to medium mobile users. Solving those issues in highly reflective areas is a nightmare. Current technology works fine and from what I have seen lately many telecoms are starting to cut investments. They see incoming recession, so don't expect too much going forward next couple of years.
Depending on the venue of course, there's a lot of stadiums I worked on as an RF engineer(this was a couple years back, some pre-covid) that wanted 5G badly, to brag about their speeds. It was really neat to work on, the power limits on the mm bands are so much higher. When I first saw a 60 dBm antenna/remote, I was blown away
I'm amazed at how well LTE can work - we live about 7 miles from the SINGLE cell antenna available (nowhere near line of sight) in a rural location in northern California, and while it's often spotty, we can still make calls and watch TH-cam videos. To me it's downright miraculous. Of course 5G doesn't work out here, but I'm grateful for what we have. But I can imagine what working out problems in crowded urban locations must be like....so many carriers, thousands of provider antenna farms, and gazillions of smart phones interfering with each other 24/7 - you must be very busy indeed....thank you!
Mobile revenue and profit growth seems to be topping out in most developed markets, so most carriers seem content to squeeze more return out of their existing capital plant rather than refresh again. Anyway they don't seem to be having capacity issues yet, not in America.
To me it seems as if the most beneficial use of mm-wave radio, apart from specialised IoT and similar as mentioned, is for semi-stationary installations akin to the backbone links discussed and connectivity for residential networking. It could have some use for mobile access if deployed as pico- and nano-cells, but as a standard link for mobile stations, I have a feeling that only the continuous adaptive beam forming requirements combined with the bands inherent RF characteristics may currently be a bit too power hungry for it to be truly useful outside niche use cases. That said, it is great that the frequency space has been opened up for general communication and I expect to see interesting new applications opening up over the coming years.
I ve read one comment on phase array antennas, Marconi s time has ended! 😮 because you don't radiate to wide area, you beam to one spot. I think also need to mention, beaming, aiming is super fast, under micro seconds so tower can serve thousand receivers as if it is symantanius
Your statement about path loss at 11:29 is the wrong way around. Path loss is INVERSELY proportional to the square of the wavelength (or proportional to the square of the frequency). The Friis equation is not on its own a formula for path loss.
If you want to control the world, it will cost something - and one of those costs is space (to put your antenna). That's why you'll see them everywhere, often disguised as something else.
More often than not 5G is so damn slow that I just simply have to turn it off. Although I do think I’ve noticed a small improvement over the past year.
Stadium 5G mm-wave conundrum: Whatever happens in the arena, the arranger wants the public to *watch* the game/concert/show/event. Most have strict IP protections, so filming & recording may be prohibited - live streaming definitely is. So WHY have «perfect» high bandwidth coverage for 60k+ paying visitors? Only for (free entry) political events max twice a year, when the arranger _wants_ visitors to do free PR work…? 😜
Apparently most smartphones in the UK don't have mmWave capabilities and no operator has deployed mmWave. There's a planned spectrum auction for mmWave cellular spectrum but i am curious as to how much demand there will be for this when 4G was already enough for most people. To add I don't want cars that are dependent on wireless technology for safety features, i want the car to be mostly isolated and independent. I know people who are using 5G for broadcast contribution, replacing satellite links for links from cameras at sporting events, but their bandwidth demands are just hundreds of Mbps at most, often 50Mbps will do!
The crazy part I can't wrap my head around in beam forming: They use the different antennas to modulate the signal. Basically they create interference in order to create the direction. It really is black magic.
It does not seem plausible to me that the antenna array on a handset is capable of actually sending out a focused beam aimed at a tower, a narrow cone in it's general direction maybe but not an aimed beam. A cone would already allow energy savings of around two orders of magnitude for the same signal strength on target over sending out a full spherical signal I guess sure, but describing them as directed beams seems like over simplified magical thinking to me.
Have you done a video on ESD protection yet? The real black magic to me was ESD protection not rf. I really don’t understand how they calculated the load or the timing of the discharge. I know our final discharge circuit was always adjusted for every design, and occasionally it needed its own process loops because there wasn’t a way to piggyback it on the base process flow and function and fit packaging demands.
2 ชั่วโมงที่ผ่านมา
we need more, more more - the software and web is getting more bloated every day - more bandwidth and processing power is always the solution - or is it??
Here to leave a comment about car rental companies. Edit: MMWave is great for tight areas with dense population, or people super close to towers and stationary hot spots for home internet. The cool tech is the low power 5G but thats rarely talked about. There is also "Fake 5G" where the tower is really 4G with 5G station technology - so its a mix of both, with 4GLTE speeds but allows VPN backhaul to the carriers allowing virtual providers. Edit 2 : on Verizon's network, using Visible, I've seen them swap over to 5G mm in a ton of places around the 4th of July, 2024 - and yeah, a mouse farts and the 5G mm drops and falls to 4GLTE and it drinks power for breakfast.
It's not talked about because the crazy potential bandwidth (though rarely achieved) of high and midband 5G gets ppl's attention, but low band 5G has been a godsend in a lot of places. Even in some parts of some big cities, the topography and other circumstantial factors mean low band 5G provides adequate speeds where other options fail. This has brought good coverage to areas where even LTE on similar frequencies didn't perform well.
wireless home internet has been shit for a long time. literally none of the latency benefits of wired internet, none of the benefits of being able to have a true public ip, and now with cgnat they exported ip sharing to the home. fuck this shit i jsut wanna have a website without buying a static ip
@@gamagama69 Running a website from home is destined to have performance problems. Why dont you get it hosted. the cost is dirt cheap. What are you running on your website that makes latency such a big issue?
In April 2023 I stood on Miami Beach with my European iPhone 14 pro, and I had about 800Mbps down during a speed test. So I’d dare to say that European models also supported this mmWave band?
My experience of going from 4G to 5G in the UK: At home, in a residential suburb, practically next door to a mast, I have a perfect signal that is the same speed as my wired internet connection, they are both connected to the same street cabinet, so it is basically the same connection. Here, I didn't notice any difference going from 4G to 5G, the backhaul is the limiting factor, not the wireless signal. Going into the city centre, previously on 4G, that would be quite a bit slower than at home, now on 5G it runs at about the same speed as my 4G signal at home. So for me, the upgrade to 5G has been worth it, not for faster speeds, but for more consistent speeds.
5g FR2 went exactly as anyone with an understanding of radios expected: Only used for point to point connections and some industrial applications, something between rarely and never for true mobile use.
Can anyone explain how milimeter wave 5g is differant to microwave radiation? (im dumb) Why can a microwave cook things but this doesnt? (since its higher frequency)
I like the smooth way he said: sun's reflection off windows Heat Ray birds and cars. I had to listen to it 3 times because it sounded so "college lecture hall " monotone and boring. Small hidden gems 😊.
I’m not supporting any theories, just explaining a principle. As for cellular damage factors, specific wavelengths that cause damage are scattered and specific. Kind of like an EDX readout or ideal neutron speed for a given element for fission . What wavelengths are dangerous for causing cellular damage I don’t know. I haven’t seen anything I trust yet. Depth of penetration is generally inversely related to wavelength, although certain wavelengths above will reduce penetration depth increases in collision probabilities. Rf I can understand to a point. I never got into circuit design specifically, and I have only dealt with materials/process at a device/cross-sectional understanding of function. As for any of the process equipment I knew you can’t be too safe locking out and discharging rf sources they were not to be treated lightly even though they were everywhere. The real black magic to me was ESD protection. I really don’t understand how they calculated the load or the timing of the discharge. I know our final discharge circuit was always adjusted for every design, and occasionally it needed its own process loops because there wasn’t a way to piggyback it on the base process flow and function and fit packaging demands.
G standards should stop focusing on speed/bandwidth and instead focus on reach, reliability and cost. What's the point of having all those "up to" speeds if you have next to no improvement since HSPA?
Explosions and fire and a hilarious rant on this, spurred by him seeing an old video of himself wearing a shirt about the telecom disaster in Australia
The breaking of emergency services was less about the turning off of 3G, and more about the moronic blacklisting of phones and providers deploying non standard VoLTE configs meaning standards following phones that weren't spefically designed for the Aussie networks fail, despite working everywhere else. The Aussie telcos are worse than the absolute garbage we have here in Canada, and I never thought that to be possible.
Another great video. Thank you! Gamma Ray communications may be somewhat unhealthy, but just think of the bandwidth! Besides, "not all mutations are harmful!"
1)lame joke, that is if you were joking 2) MMwave 5G is still microwave, and microwave frequencies are far below even infrared which you would know if you've ever set foot in a classroom.
The low latency aspect of this marketed at automated car interconnection and remote operation room over the 5g was incredibly stupid. Cars should not rely on communication so they don't hit each other. And I would like to think that if someone is operating on me they are using hardwired optical connection instead of 5g :D.
I'd like to see an episode about Ultra Wide Band UWB, transmitting over a wide range of frequences so that some of them always(?) penetrate walls and people passing by and stuff. Allowing localization indoors where GPS is blocked. I can loosely imagine lots of applications in all sorts of commerce and industry. But although now installed in all new smartphones, practical applications still seem to be rare. Why is that?
mmWave has so many physics limitations that it won't catch on except for precision radar for robotic vehicles & maybe mobile satellite uplinks. For high density deployments you'd be better off with the mid bands that can still go through most walls but with micro cells that can be densely packed together by using low transmitter power to have a small coverage area, and using those densely packed small coverage areas as a form of spatial multiplexing to get more effective bandwidth to meet demand.
It is quite intriguing to observe the advancements in wireless modem technology and the substantial revenue it generates for Qualcomm. Apple's decision to develop its own modem silicon can be seen as a strategic move to reduce its reliance on Qualcomm, considering the latter's significant earnings from modem sales to Apple and its competitive stance in the CPU market with the Snapdragon X Elite running Windows. Apple's actions may be perceived as non-competitive, but it's just a business as usual for them. Grab a competitor by the throat and crush the life right out of it. Remember when Microsoft decided to challenge Netscape by "cutting off its air supply"? Same here.
I turned off my 5G on my phone recently, I got such bad signal in London that it wasn't worth having it on. Since switching back to 4G max I get good signal (data transfer rates) almost everywhere in London.
5:45 To mention NYU without highlighting Rappaport would be a disservice. He and his lab have been the foundational drivers behind the commercialization of 5G technology. While 5G mmWave use cases may not yet have delivered the anticipated revenue to fully justify the investment, Rappaport’s pioneering work has made FR2 a viable and instrumental band for non-military applications-a contribution I believe is worthy of a Nobel Prize. Disclosures: 2007-11 worked in a lab that competed with Rappaport. 2010-2023 worked on Consumer and Commercial Applications of 4G-LTE/5G mmW.
We used his book in Wireless Communications class, which was an excellent introduction. His "it will work" paper on mm-wave is also very good. Unfortunately the Nobel Prize committee doesn't like handing out prizes for things like this. Fortunately IEEE has been recognizing his accomplishments and will continue to do so.
“Whatever Happened to Millimeter-Wave 5G?” Nothing? My iPhone 12 Pro Max has the UW5G logo in the status bar right now (Verizon model with the extra RF window on the side).
mmWave is useful in stadiums and high density situations but it is useless elsewhere. Verizon’s continued deployment of mmWave only sites in 2024 is mind boggling.
Fantastic overview! Small nitpick from an RF nerd: Power amplifiers are only in the transmit path. In the receive path, the emphasis is on low-noise amplification. That means, amplify the signal and leave out the noise. The emphasis is to not maximize power in amplification, since we are not transmitting it. But only make it large enough to allow downstream electronics to handle it well. "Antennas are not perfectly isotropic, like marriages on Instagram" -- epic! :D
_" That means, amplify the signal and leave out the noise"_ To be more accurate LNA's don't leave out noise, they amplify the signal whilst adding as little extra noise to the signal as possible.
Former telecom engineer: such a delightful video. I took the time to watch it together with my morning coffee. A treat 🙏 (640 Mbit downlink ~22ms delay from the best side of my house, on my 5g phone)
Super computer os already predict which car must slow and which must change lane at least 10 minutes ahead. Echo sunlight instead of emitting signal echo sunlight or darkest encrypt with data
I was a small-cell modem baseband designer till recently. Great explanation on the modem chain and the black-magic RFIC. At the expense of making the video a little longer, it would be nice to explain what a 4G/5G core means.
That is true but funnily enough, they are using optical communication links in the starlink constellation. Of course, its LOS and in actual free space.
The rental company Hertz, should really be spelled "Hurts", if you've paid attention to all the incidents, that made it on the news, they've inflicted on their customers.
But do we get the other 5G benefits like that reliable and low latency link on the low and mid frequencies, too? Does mmWave only boost bandwidth, or are there other benefits?
I have completely turned off 5G on my phone. Here in Germany 5G is most of the time worse than 4G in my experience. 5G pulls more power, is way more inconsistent in latency and speed and has most of the time worse speeds compared to 4G for me.
When I was working in the electromagnetics group at Boeing Aerospace 35 GHz was relatively inefficient under battlefield because smoke screens and fire smoke were highly absorptive and 96GHz were restricted to satellite communications. Millimeter wave is so absorptive in air that small cells need to be so close that it is not able to deployed outside of very dense urban environments.
16:14 - I was in the middle of writing a comment about how my telco used NSA for their 5G and hence it isn’t really 5G - just 4G technology on 5G radio - but you covered it! Thanks!
That was an excellent video, one of your best. I just cant believe how little I understood about mobile phone communication. Thank you!
Great video, thanks for the good information! It came to my mind how miraculous it is that we can send a video through the air anyway 😮 We forget about these wonders.
Great presentation.
Grandpa's radio is a receiver not a transceiver
Very informative content. Thank you
Funny but I don't seem to recall anybody asking for 'self-driving' cars.
You are so good at explaining complex topics
RF engineering, when you think you understand Radio, you can be sure you don’t understand radio.
Mobile telecom engineer here.
Last 15-20 years telecom invested insane amounts of money, first with 3G, then soon after LTE, then 5G. During this time radio technology changed as well so many base stations went through several upgrade phases. Now imagine a telecom with anywhere from 20 -30 000 stations. That is huge amount of work and money. Investing into mm wave is not seen as something profitable. Keep in mind, next to RF spectrum price, placing RF equipment on any public location carries a big price tag. Not an easy task when you have to place 10 transceivers within some tiny area.
From a network traffic profiles we observe very often there is no need for further capacity increase and if there is such need then micro stations can efficiently solve this issue.
To be honest, I would never like to do radio interface optimization over the area with low to medium mobile users. Solving those issues in highly reflective areas is a nightmare.
Current technology works fine and from what I have seen lately many telecoms are starting to cut investments. They see incoming recession, so don't expect too much going forward next couple of years.
Depending on the venue of course, there's a lot of stadiums I worked on as an RF engineer(this was a couple years back, some pre-covid) that wanted 5G badly, to brag about their speeds. It was really neat to work on, the power limits on the mm bands are so much higher. When I first saw a 60 dBm antenna/remote, I was blown away
Turns out putting WiFi access points on every street lamp was dumb as fuck, who knew
I'm amazed at how well LTE can work - we live about 7 miles from the SINGLE cell antenna available (nowhere near line of sight) in a rural location in northern California, and while it's often spotty, we can still make calls and watch TH-cam videos. To me it's downright miraculous.
Of course 5G doesn't work out here, but I'm grateful for what we have. But I can imagine what working out problems in crowded urban locations must be like....so many carriers, thousands of provider antenna farms, and gazillions of smart phones interfering with each other 24/7 - you must be very busy indeed....thank you!
Mobile revenue and profit growth seems to be topping out in most developed markets, so most carriers seem content to squeeze more return out of their existing capital plant rather than refresh again. Anyway they don't seem to be having capacity issues yet, not in America.
@SimpMcSimpy what's nuts is china 14th 5 year plan wants 56% of their network to be 5G.
This is why communism & a centrally planned economy is stupid.
Thanks for the information!
Unholy, I didn't expect that word, caught me off-guard. 🙂
Ouuuuch! That Hertz! 😅
To me it seems as if the most beneficial use of mm-wave radio, apart from specialised IoT and similar as mentioned, is for semi-stationary installations akin to the backbone links discussed and connectivity for residential networking. It could have some use for mobile access if deployed as pico- and nano-cells, but as a standard link for mobile stations, I have a feeling that only the continuous adaptive beam forming requirements combined with the bands inherent RF characteristics may currently be a bit too power hungry for it to be truly useful outside niche use cases.
That said, it is great that the frequency space has been opened up for general communication and I expect to see interesting new applications opening up over the coming years.
RIP Gigabit LTE, we never saw you. 😔
I ve read one comment on phase array antennas, Marconi s time has ended! 😮 because you don't radiate to wide area, you beam to one spot.
I think also need to mention, beaming, aiming is super fast, under micro seconds so tower can serve thousand receivers as if it is symantanius
"wifi" in 60ghz is extremely popular in the WISP space for fast, low latency and shorter backhauls.
The mobile phone is really, really important for me.
But... I need 5G as much as I need a mood ring from the seventies.
It's LIKE faster internet, except it doesn't ever work.
1:22 along with every other cell..
I kind of want to see the release of 6G just to see the reaction
Turned the frogs gay
At least ducks are still free...
@@dulouser1751 Alas, they're dead after coming across a few wind farms...
Not even close. But if a gold star makes you feel better 🌟
No, no, no, chemicals turned the frogs gay. 5g is for mind control and seeing into your house.
😂😂😂😂😂😂
as long as we all agree to stop this 5g madness.
Your statement about path loss at 11:29 is the wrong way around. Path loss is INVERSELY proportional to the square of the wavelength (or proportional to the square of the frequency). The Friis equation is not on its own a formula for path loss.
If you want to control the world, it will cost something - and one of those costs is space (to put your antenna). That's why you'll see them everywhere, often disguised as something else.
1:25 14G will be a gama-ray standard.
More often than not 5G is so damn slow that I just simply have to turn it off. Although I do think I’ve noticed a small improvement over the past year.
I’d rather have something like LoRa in all phones, for doing low-power long-range nodal communications in emergencies.
Sauron was just looking for good cell strength
😂😂😂
😂😂😂😂
At 0:52 oh that Hertz so badly!! :D :D
This video by alternate scott will totally blow up on ksp sub reddit
It's almost 2025, there's still no 5G service in my country.
i have cell tower, every time i see this i get ROCK
I personally have installed several 60ghz 1gbps wireless network bridges. If you're interested the most turnkey thing is the Unifi UBB
Excellent video
what happened to Voldemort?
Stadium 5G mm-wave conundrum: Whatever happens in the arena, the arranger wants the public to *watch* the game/concert/show/event.
Most have strict IP protections, so filming & recording may be prohibited - live streaming definitely is.
So WHY have «perfect» high bandwidth coverage for 60k+ paying visitors? Only for (free entry) political events max twice a year, when the arranger _wants_ visitors to do free PR work…? 😜
Apparently most smartphones in the UK don't have mmWave capabilities and no operator has deployed mmWave.
There's a planned spectrum auction for mmWave cellular spectrum but i am curious as to how much demand there will be for this when 4G was already enough for most people.
To add I don't want cars that are dependent on wireless technology for safety features, i want the car to be mostly isolated and independent.
I know people who are using 5G for broadcast contribution, replacing satellite links for links from cameras at sporting events, but their bandwidth demands are just hundreds of Mbps at most, often 50Mbps will do!
Low band 5g is actually very different, it uses more efficient encoding and smaller slices to increase capacity.
TBH, 99% of users just doesn't need millimeter wave. And it seems like 4G/LTE is doing job just good enough already.
The crazy part I can't wrap my head around in beam forming:
They use the different antennas to modulate the signal. Basically they create interference in order to create the direction.
It really is black magic.
It does not seem plausible to me that the antenna array on a handset is capable of actually sending out a focused beam aimed at a tower, a narrow cone in it's general direction maybe but not an aimed beam.
A cone would already allow energy savings of around two orders of magnitude for the same signal strength on target over sending out a full spherical signal I guess sure, but describing them as directed beams seems like over simplified magical thinking to me.
What’s the story with 5G and China, and them wanting to head up the next round of signal standards and developments?
Have you done a video on ESD protection yet?
The real black magic to me was ESD protection not rf. I really don’t understand how they calculated the load or the timing of the discharge. I know our final discharge circuit was always adjusted for every design, and occasionally it needed its own process loops because there wasn’t a way to piggyback it on the base process flow and function and fit packaging demands.
we need more, more more - the software and web is getting more bloated every day - more bandwidth and processing power is always the solution - or is it??
scifi mixed with science
Here to leave a comment about car rental companies. Edit: MMWave is great for tight areas with dense population, or people super close to towers and stationary hot spots for home internet. The cool tech is the low power 5G but thats rarely talked about. There is also "Fake 5G" where the tower is really 4G with 5G station technology - so its a mix of both, with 4GLTE speeds but allows VPN backhaul to the carriers allowing virtual providers.
Edit 2 : on Verizon's network, using Visible, I've seen them swap over to 5G mm in a ton of places around the 4th of July, 2024 - and yeah, a mouse farts and the 5G mm drops and falls to 4GLTE and it drinks power for breakfast.
Next video topic?
It's not talked about because the crazy potential bandwidth (though rarely achieved) of high and midband 5G gets ppl's attention, but low band 5G has been a godsend in a lot of places.
Even in some parts of some big cities, the topography and other circumstantial factors mean low band 5G provides adequate speeds where other options fail. This has brought good coverage to areas where even LTE on similar frequencies didn't perform well.
5G is superset of 4G.
wireless home internet has been shit for a long time. literally none of the latency benefits of wired internet, none of the benefits of being able to have a true public ip, and now with cgnat they exported ip sharing to the home.
fuck this shit i jsut wanna have a website without buying a static ip
@@gamagama69 Running a website from home is destined to have performance problems. Why dont you get it hosted. the cost is dirt cheap. What are you running on your website that makes latency such a big issue?
In April 2023 I stood on Miami Beach with my European iPhone 14 pro, and I had about 800Mbps down during a speed test. So I’d dare to say that European models also supported this mmWave band?
So I don’t actually have 5G. It makes sense now tbh
My experience of going from 4G to 5G in the UK:
At home, in a residential suburb, practically next door to a mast, I have a perfect signal that is the same speed as my wired internet connection, they are both connected to the same street cabinet, so it is basically the same connection. Here, I didn't notice any difference going from 4G to 5G, the backhaul is the limiting factor, not the wireless signal.
Going into the city centre, previously on 4G, that would be quite a bit slower than at home, now on 5G it runs at about the same speed as my 4G signal at home. So for me, the upgrade to 5G has been worth it, not for faster speeds, but for more consistent speeds.
The 5G we never got.
@12:05 The description of steering the radio signal sounds like electronically steered radars. Is this the same principle?
passive radar...
Finally learned something in these videos. Had no idea the car rental company had such an impact on physics
avril lavigne song sir the title is i'm a mobile
It's crazy how humans have learned to harness the electromagnetic spectrum to transmit every type of information at lightning speed.
You're sure you don't want comment about hertz ? Made me crack a smile 😁
hrtz is not a car company!
Great work covering this incredibly complicated topic, keep it up!
I still use 58-63 GHz over 5km 1 Gbps @ 1GHz channel. Works great ;)
5g FR2 went exactly as anyone with an understanding of radios expected: Only used for point to point connections and some industrial applications, something between rarely and never for true mobile use.
Brain toaster basically
Can anyone explain how milimeter wave 5g is differant to microwave radiation? (im dumb)
Why can a microwave cook things but this doesnt? (since its higher frequency)
I do like the joke about Hertz.
You love it because it's Hertz! :) (remember the old jingle?)
I like the smooth way he said: sun's reflection off windows Heat Ray birds and cars.
I had to listen to it 3 times because it sounded so "college lecture hall " monotone and boring.
Small hidden gems 😊.
I’m not supporting any theories, just explaining a principle.
As for cellular damage factors, specific wavelengths that cause damage are scattered and specific. Kind of like an EDX readout or ideal neutron speed for a given element for fission . What wavelengths are dangerous for causing cellular damage I don’t know. I haven’t seen anything I trust yet.
Depth of penetration is generally inversely related to wavelength, although certain wavelengths above will reduce penetration depth increases in collision probabilities.
Rf I can understand to a point. I never got into circuit design specifically, and I have only dealt with materials/process at a device/cross-sectional understanding of function. As for any of the process equipment I knew you can’t be too safe locking out and discharging rf sources they were not to be treated lightly even though they were everywhere.
The real black magic to me was ESD protection. I really don’t understand how they calculated the load or the timing of the discharge. I know our final discharge circuit was always adjusted for every design, and occasionally it needed its own process loops because there wasn’t a way to piggyback it on the base process flow and function and fit packaging demands.
I propose we get rid of Tiktok.
Unrelated to 5G.
I think this would benefit humanity.
I left a comment about Hertz.
5G mm would need to be on a flat rate to work but it’s difficult to justify investment for a flat rate tariff.
They were once measured in Penske's, but they switched to Hertz with the rise of metric measurements.😂
Herz paid more for the naming rights 😀.
Avis tried harder, but they were on a Budget.
They industry wanted to call them “enterprises,” but Paramount threatened a Trademark lawsuit.
“You’re not Penske material”
Penske was also the name of an Indy racing team
G standards should stop focusing on speed/bandwidth and instead focus on reach, reliability and cost. What's the point of having all those "up to" speeds if you have next to no improvement since HSPA?
Next video: The rise and fall of Australian Telcos, and how turning 3G off broke 5G emergency services
Explosions and fire and a hilarious rant on this, spurred by him seeing an old video of himself wearing a shirt about the telecom disaster in Australia
Sounds like you should just do it
making some modern phones rendered useless too created e-waste
The breaking of emergency services was less about the turning off of 3G, and more about the moronic blacklisting of phones and providers deploying non standard VoLTE configs meaning standards following phones that weren't spefically designed for the Aussie networks fail, despite working everywhere else. The Aussie telcos are worse than the absolute garbage we have here in Canada, and I never thought that to be possible.
@@repatch43 Whoa Whoa you're giving the aussies the crown?? Robbers and Hell do a bang up job taking care of Canadian mobile users..
Mid band is awesome. Around 600-800 mbps speed is more than solid with good range
Another great video. Thank you!
Gamma Ray communications may be somewhat unhealthy, but just think of the bandwidth! Besides, "not all mutations are harmful!"
Downloading The Whole Netflix library in an hour when?
1)lame joke, that is if you were joking
2) MMwave 5G is still microwave, and microwave frequencies are far below even infrared which you would know if you've ever set foot in a classroom.
12:12 - So the Eye of Sauron is the evil cell phone company ! Now, that movie makes sense !
The low latency aspect of this marketed at automated car interconnection and remote operation room over the 5g was incredibly stupid. Cars should not rely on communication so they don't hit each other. And I would like to think that if someone is operating on me they are using hardwired optical connection instead of 5g :D.
5G is old technology at this point. China is already on 6G, and 7G is in the work
I'd like to see an episode about Ultra Wide Band UWB, transmitting over a wide range of frequences so that some of them always(?) penetrate walls and people passing by and stuff. Allowing localization indoors where GPS is blocked. I can loosely imagine lots of applications in all sorts of commerce and industry. But although now installed in all new smartphones, practical applications still seem to be rare. Why is that?
mmWave has so many physics limitations that it won't catch on except for precision radar for robotic vehicles & maybe mobile satellite uplinks. For high density deployments you'd be better off with the mid bands that can still go through most walls but with micro cells that can be densely packed together by using low transmitter power to have a small coverage area, and using those densely packed small coverage areas as a form of spatial multiplexing to get more effective bandwidth to meet demand.
It is quite intriguing to observe the advancements in wireless modem technology and the substantial revenue it generates for Qualcomm. Apple's decision to develop its own modem silicon can be seen as a strategic move to reduce its reliance on Qualcomm, considering the latter's significant earnings from modem sales to Apple and its competitive stance in the CPU market with the Snapdragon X Elite running Windows. Apple's actions may be perceived as non-competitive, but it's just a business as usual for them. Grab a competitor by the throat and crush the life right out of it. Remember when Microsoft decided to challenge Netscape by "cutting off its air supply"? Same here.
I turned off my 5G on my phone recently, I got such bad signal in London that it wasn't worth having it on. Since switching back to 4G max I get good signal (data transfer rates) almost everywhere in London.
Me getting less that 4g lte speeds but my Network updated the Identifier to 5G.🤣.
5:45 To mention NYU without highlighting Rappaport would be a disservice. He and his lab have been the foundational drivers behind the commercialization of 5G technology. While 5G mmWave use cases may not yet have delivered the anticipated revenue to fully justify the investment, Rappaport’s pioneering work has made FR2 a viable and instrumental band for non-military applications-a contribution I believe is worthy of a Nobel Prize.
Disclosures: 2007-11 worked in a lab that competed with Rappaport. 2010-2023 worked on Consumer and Commercial Applications of 4G-LTE/5G mmW.
We used his book in Wireless Communications class, which was an excellent introduction. His "it will work" paper on mm-wave is also very good. Unfortunately the Nobel Prize committee doesn't like handing out prizes for things like this. Fortunately IEEE has been recognizing his accomplishments and will continue to do so.
“Whatever Happened to Millimeter-Wave 5G?” Nothing? My iPhone 12 Pro Max has the UW5G logo in the status bar right now (Verizon model with the extra RF window on the side).
mmWave is useful in stadiums and high density situations but it is useless elsewhere. Verizon’s continued deployment of mmWave only sites in 2024 is mind boggling.
Fantastic overview! Small nitpick from an RF nerd: Power amplifiers are only in the transmit path. In the receive path, the emphasis is on low-noise amplification. That means, amplify the signal and leave out the noise. The emphasis is to not maximize power in amplification, since we are not transmitting it. But only make it large enough to allow downstream electronics to handle it well.
"Antennas are not perfectly isotropic, like marriages on Instagram" -- epic! :D
_" That means, amplify the signal and leave out the noise"_
To be more accurate LNA's don't leave out noise, they amplify the signal whilst adding as little extra noise to the signal as possible.
0:25. I'm a recent Ham and this statement is so true.
Honestly radio theory is proof that Lovecraft's Old Gods must be real. Because down that path lies madness.
Why no mention of Android 5G support? And China's success with 5G?
It is very important for Smart Cars and highways
So, someone who watched this, please reply. Is Verizon done with 5G mmWave?
Former telecom engineer: such a delightful video. I took the time to watch it together with my morning coffee. A treat 🙏
(640 Mbit downlink ~22ms delay from the best side of my house, on my 5g phone)
Super computer os already predict which car must slow and which must change lane at least 10 minutes ahead. Echo sunlight instead of emitting signal echo sunlight or darkest encrypt with data
I wish wigig would take off. Such crazy speeds.
I was a small-cell modem baseband designer till recently. Great explanation on the modem chain and the black-magic RFIC.
At the expense of making the video a little longer, it would be nice to explain what a 4G/5G core means.
The higher the freq the more optical the propagation.
That is true but funnily enough, they are using optical communication links in the starlink constellation. Of course, its LOS and in actual free space.
The rental company Hertz, should really be spelled "Hurts", if you've paid attention to all the incidents, that made it on the news, they've inflicted on their customers.
5G NSA works Fine For Me .... I'm getting 200mbps down and 50mbps up easily
But do we get the other 5G benefits like that reliable and low latency link on the low and mid frequencies, too? Does mmWave only boost bandwidth, or are there other benefits?
Very high speed very low range
A lot went into this video. I appreciate all the little intertwined jokes. Thanks for your work, Sir!
I have completely turned off 5G on my phone. Here in Germany 5G is most of the time worse than 4G in my experience. 5G pulls more power, is way more inconsistent in latency and speed and has most of the time worse speeds compared to 4G for me.
When I was working in the electromagnetics group at Boeing Aerospace 35 GHz was relatively inefficient under battlefield because smoke screens and fire smoke were highly absorptive and 96GHz were restricted to satellite communications.
Millimeter wave is so absorptive in air that small cells need to be so close that it is not able to deployed outside of very dense urban environments.
And e.g. in US 83% of the population lives in cities, worldwide 56%. Did you btw use highly directional antennas (beamforming)?
The car rental joke was actually hilarious
16:14 - I was in the middle of writing a comment about how my telco used NSA for their 5G and hence it isn’t really 5G - just 4G technology on 5G radio - but you covered it! Thanks!