Thanks for watching! By the way, the Kessel Run / parsec quote is addressed at length in the new "Solo" film, if you're curious. #HanYolo #CosmicSalami -- KH
Because Science I Don't have the technical knowledge to know for sure if Han is wrong about hyperspace or not. But what I do know is that he is very wrong for letting Chewbacca sit in the co pilot seat of the Millennium Falcon without putting a seat cover or something on it first. As we've already discovered through scientific *AND* Canon sources it is impossible for Wookies to maintain proper hygiene of their asses which resulted in the cantaloupe sized Dingleberry's that they're infamously known for throughout the Galaxy. There have been several occasions where an unknowing passenger has sat in Chewie's seat and been "stuck" unable to stand until they reached the nearest space station for emergency assistance. This is the reason why in the Force Awakens we see Rey sitting in the captains seat and is met with stern disapproval from Han. Neither of them wished to be entangled in the thick viscous coating of matted fur and fecal matter left behind by the first mate. That's Canon.......SW LEGENDS. *#WOOKIESGOTSWAMPASS* *"NUFF SAID"*
I think your forgetting something. Isn't it possible, if your in the core and travelling far enough, to guarantee a star in a collision course (assuming your random direction is a straight line travelled) because at some point you randomly point yourself towards a star and using math like the Solomonoff method you could, pending your luck, chart a random hyperspace jump of indeterminate length right into the core of a sun? Or a comet. Or a meteor belt. Like the one we saw in the movie. Just sayin.
the Galaxy Star Wars takes place in is not near us... and this takes place a long long time ago... and there is still several 1000 years of space travel going on prior to that. We know that Hyperspace isn't blind space. Entering Hyperspace seems to designed or created to for the purpose of coming out near planets or star systems and without a course laid in it will hit a random corridor and you won't know where you are going to come out. You could come out at a solar system anywhere. If Hyperspace makes it easier to get to planets and behaves in a peculiar way. It is totally possible that the nature of Hyperspace is not just a complete layer of space but actually some form of ancient system more akin to a web. This could also explain the 12 parsecs line. In that if hyperspace corridors/lanes/routes they may be set distance and they may not be straight lines.This could require turning inside hyperspace which for a slower or less maneuverable ship could add significant distance at the speeds traveled as they'd have to. Of course none of the current writers of beloved franchises are big enough Nerds to think like this so I'm sure Solo will make all this mute and make it seem even less nonsensical.... because Abrams have proven time and again Audience really aren't that smart and they just want the pew pew.
@@jon7941 Stars have gravity wells. Gravity wells impact hyperspace. Anything in hyperspace passing near a gravity well gets pulled along the gravity curve and dumped back into realspace. It's how the Interdictor-class gravity well projectors work.
I thought the explanation was that space is always moving, hyperspace is always moving, locations and objects in one aren't where you expect to find them in the other, the paths are always changing. There's a small risk of collision, there's a great risk of simply being lost or stranded forever.
Without having read any extended universe stuff or anything, my brain had always processed this by assuming that the geometry of hyperspace is different from that of real space. In hyperspace, all of the physical objects are bunched much closer together, and all the open space is highly-compressed. This is how a hyperspace drive can travel through the empty space extremely quickly, but also means that when you're _in_ hyperspace, you have to be extremely careful with your navigation to actually stay _in_ the space between objects.
as someone who did read the extended universe (yes ik this post is old) in legends the reason is not that you would fly into the nova or black hole itself but the issue arrieses from their gravitational pull. The Gravitational Pull is what takes you out of Hyperdrive if you do not manually disengage it and you cant jump if inside a large gravity well (what is why till episode 9 we never saw a ship hyperdrive jump from a planets surface) in case you dont know for things like black Hole collisions they also leave permanent ripples in spacetime that fly away what could also cause issues for Hyperspace travelers in the Starwars Galaxy. In edition you have to keep in mind that Hyperspace routes exist so you can quickly navigate if Han was trying to jump over a hyperspace route, what is possiable given in the scene he is flying away from (past) Alderaan he may have to recalibrate to figure out where to launch off exactly to hit the route as the main spacemark aka Alderan is no longer where its supposed to be
@@fabiopauli420 this is why the interdictors were much more terrifying than what we see in the tv shows, as they could create these wells that yank people out of hyperspace, if placed right and using a powerful enough generator for the ship, you could yank a ship out at a speed great enough to rip it or smash the crew inside.
@@puckvagabond3472 most certainly yes. They where a powerful blockade for any hyperspace lane rendering them effectively useless iirc thrawn uses them still even in Canon? Though im not 100% sure
So hyperspace really isn't FTL. You're just traveling in another dimension where time and distance are different from where they are normally. Therefore speed is irrelevant.
Hello again. As we have seen in Star Wars 8 The Last Jedi, spaceships accelerate to a relativistic velocity before they enter hyperspace. We know however that even 'empty space' is filled with a thousands of atoms and ions per cubic meter of volume. Near a planet, this number might be dozens of times higher. Colliding with these atoms is harmless at the velocities we are used to in space travel (a few km/s), but as Kyle Hill says, they become a deadly radiation at relativistic velocities. My theory is that spaceships in Star Wars need to use their shields to survive this bombardment as they accelerate to enter Hyperspace. Logically, we can work out how strong their shields are by how much radiation they are absorbing. At 99.9% the speed of light, if the interstellar medium is filled with one million hydrogen atoms per cubic meter and the Millenium Falcon has a frontal cross section of 150 square meters, then it is being subjected to a flux of 22kW/m^2, which isn't much. Inside a solar system like ours, the number of hydrogen atoms increases to 5 million per cubic meter and the flux increases to 110kW/m^2. Far above a planet like Earth (1000km altitude), the atoms increase to a trillion per cubic meter... but also include a hundred billion helium atoms and ten billion oxygen ions. The total mass of all these particles becomes 5.85e-15kg/m^3 (about five picograms). Punching through them creates a flux as high as 523MW/m^2. That's like a powerful laser all over the front of the Millenium Falcon! Some of the scenes we see in the big battle of Star Wars 8 (low orbit, ~200km) and in Star Wars 7 (exiting hyperspace within the atmosphere) implies that the shields are ridiculously powerful though, with fluxes of 280TW/m^2 (!) and 100,000 EXAWATTS/m^2 respectively. Can Star Wars shields sit comfortably next to an exploding supernova? Can they just ignore collisions with stars by driving right through them unharmed? I used data from my blog post on atmospheric gas scooping: toughsf.blogspot.com/2017/09/low-earth-orbit-atmospheric-scoops.html for high altitude gas density. I used this relativistic energy calculator: hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Relativ/releng.html and this picture for the dimensions of the Millenium Falcon: brick-customs.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/dimensions2.png
@SquirrelyGamer: Yes :D @Davi Alves: You can only become a SuperNerd once in your life, so everyone has a shot at it! Thanks. @Gideon Jones: I subscribed to Project Alpha to watch the episodes 2 days early, have plenty of time to write a comment and make Kyle Hill less lonely.
If you see it like this with the least possible outcome occurring(in the Star wars Galaxy) your entrance into hyperspace(which is a different dimension btw) would be fine and the travel to,but the exit would fail,trapping you either in hyperspace itself or stranding you in otherspace(a dimension between hyperspace and normal space filled with very aggressive sentient creatures)
@George Bell black holes are just part of a theoretical construction of the nature of interstellar space? Are we spending money and time hiring really smart people to come up with plausible science fiction when we could be employing those minds to help solve the problems of our world at hand?
Perhaps "hit" in this context means "Interact with the gravity well of" and rather than a path to avoid, its a path to compensate for ,within tolerances, the gravity wells? This would make hyperspace lanes = areas of uniform gravitational interaction, expand the ranges that are inaccessible areas and give the computers something to calculate other than "where not to go"
There's also the fact that there's a lot more out there than just stars. If hitting a ship kills both vessels, I can't imagine hitting a planet or an asteroid or much of anything else in the volume of a solar system would come out better. It'd still be a pretty darn low chance, but it'd be nonzero.
Robert Williams With how quickly gravities strength drops with distance. I don't think it would matter. Your speed would most likely far to great even if you got kinda close. Even then only things like black holes, neutron stars, etc would habe the gravity to get you. But, you still wouldn't habe the chances of hitting that. Space is just to damn big and empty. :)
No "perhaps" about it - It's absolutely about Gravity Wells! That's how Interdictor Cruisers work to bring ships out of hyperspace by projecting gravity well style beams in the area they expect a ship to be travelling through. And yes space is a lot vaster than people thought in the 70s but that doesn't mean people are going to jump at random if they have any alternative.
Vegeta8300 Surely it would depend on the effects of hyperspace. If the mass of your ship were to get extremely large then even the drop off gravity could be a non factor.
He did do calculations that assumed the stars were 2000x their volume and that the density of stars was 2000x. I think that would account for gravity wells at normal density and volume.
You're right, but there is once concern. It's feasible to assume they are wanting to arrive at or near a certain location. It's also acceptable to assume this location is not just an empty location in space most of the time. With those assumptions in place, if one was to reach a target location, they would prefer extremely accurate coordinates, to avoid, say for example, a collision with the planet they chose to jump near, or falling too far into a star's gravitational influence that they chose to hide behind. Although random location choices are pretty much 100% safe, if there is a location in mind, THEN they would need accuracy.
Step 1: make a random jump Step 2: find yourself unable to identify your position in the galaxy Step 3: die of old age/hunger trying to get to closest star using sublight?
That's exactly what happened in legends when the Galaxy tried to rid themselves of the Pius Dea, they hacked their Nav computers and jumped them to random points in the Galaxy to crawl towards distant stars they could never reach
Step 2 doesn't seem very likely, specially in Star Wars, where most of the galaxy has already been explorer. It is very unlikely that you could not find some objects that you could use to orient yourself, unless your Nav computer were malfunctioning, or you were completely incapable of using it. Step 3 is also not likely, unless your hyperdrive failed (which you did not specify). Why doom yourself to die by using the sublight drive, instead of just making another random jump? If you do the latter, there is a chance that you will end up someplace where you can get your bearings. If, despite what I said about Step 2, you still find yourself lost, jump again, and again, until you do find something that you can use to orient yourself.
So the problem I'm seeing with this, kyle, is that in order to go somewhere meaningful, like a planet orbiting a star, instead of some random patch of space, you would indeed need calculations. If you just jump toward a star, you could potentially hit the star or one of the planet's orbiting it. And this is probably more what he's talking about because jumping into empty space isn't useful. Maybe if you are just trying to get away from the empire, you could do this and then make calculations from your new position, but fuel is also an issue. You want to make jumps to strategic positions so you don't run out of fuel before you reach your next landing where you can fuel up again. Anyway, love BSing with you Kyle.
Fuel doesn't even need to come into it, don't worry :) You're absolutely right and even if you want to jump randomly in any direction presumably wherever you're jumping from is likely to be somewhere 'meaningful' as well, or at the very least near whoever's chasing you, which immediately increases the likelihood of something local being in the way. I mean, put it this way... if your starting position is right next to a planet then that probability of roughly 0% instantly becomes almost 50%.
I haven't seen Solo yet, but is it really accurate to equate the physics and astrophysics of normal space to hyperspace? I know the Expanded Universe isn't canon anymore, but in West End Games's Star Wars tabletop RPG, hyperspace used to be traveling to a separate dimension, crossing that dimension, then exiting at a point in this dimension. Maybe in hyperspace, distances are shortened, or the volume of the galaxy far, far away is extremely condensed. It would explain why nobody ages differently while going beyond lightspeed, or why it wouldn't take 40 relative years for Han to smuggle stuff from one system to another. I mean, Han does say, "Traveling through hyperspace ain't like dusting crops." He could be referring to the dimensional compaction of hyperspace as compared to normal reality, and that's why the navigation formulae are so complex. It's just a thought... /shrug
It's like to make all the planets/asteroids/stars/black holes together in a tiny space, travel through it and come back in another place (that in normal trip would take 40 years in just 15 minutes)
Right, hyperspace distances have to average smaller, but the rules can be different so they don't map linearly to our space. What if the ratio of distances varies with the curvature of space? Distances across flat space could be hugely reduced, but around steep gravity wells like stars, be hugely enlarged. That'd dramatically change Kyle's "star density" calcs. Play with the thresholds and ratios a bit and hyperspace could be over 90% interiors of stars, with little gaps between representing what are light years of empty space in our universe. Hmm, there's probably some way in that idea to make the "Kessel Run" comment make sense, too.
The main problem with navigating hyperspace is mass shadows- which I do not know the size of relative to the mass of the object casting it. To my knowledge, they could either scale down as with hyperspace, or not, and be relatively large. So in one case they are not important unless you are leaving or arriving at a system, and in the other they are always important. Either way, it is not a good idea to hit them.
Also hyperspace is only accessible inside the galaxy. If hyperspace isn't a constant then imagine what hitting the edge of that dimension would do while traveling at high speeds through it. It's a part of the SW galaxy that even the inhabitants don't fully understand so the common folk just stick with what is known and avoid taking astronomical risks.
Also, we don't know the gravity well effects on Hyperspace. They have interdictiors that are not very big, won't produce a gravity well as big as a star, and yet can pull a ship out of hyperspace, so, one can make the assumption that gravity effects have a very much higher impact on hyperspace. So, those stars, in hyperspace, in the form of gravity, could be way way way bigger in a much much much smaller space. Scale your travel space down and your stars up and maybe it might not look so safe. Also, we don't know the Impact the ship trajectory or pull even getting close. So, not the star impact proper, but take the intergalactic gravitational influence of a star, and that's a MUCH bigger thing to miss, in a dimension (hyperspace) that could put all those objects way way closer together.
i mean, it's not a planet, so yes. it's like saying jupiter is the 400,000th planet because we're counting rocks in the asteroid belt as planets, really.
I think what you may have failed to account for is the proximity to such dangers as stars a ship would normally be jumping to hyperspace from (spaceports, inhabitable planets, etc). During the referenced scene where Han makes this seemingly erronious claim, the heroes are attempting to escape from the space arount Tatooine. Since, according to Star Wars canon, Tatooine is almost exactly 1 AU from its suns, we can use our sun as a reference for calculating the possibility of hitting one of Tatooine's suns. Our sun's angular diameter from earth is approximately .5 degrees of arc on average. Therefore, looking in all directions from 1 AU from our sun, the sun takes up approximately 1/518,400 of space from earth's perspective (which comes out to about .00019%). Tatoo I and Tatoo II would each take up this much of all possible angular trajectories from Tatooine. Therefore, from its location at the time of Han's claim, the Millennium Falcon had a 1 in 259,200 chance of hitting one of Tatooine's suns. That shot is not even one in a million, kid!!! ;)
That and we're talking about *hyper*space. Whilst it's definitely an assumption, mathematically speaking this would mean extra dimensions, possibly with our normal 3D space folded up inside it in unknown ways. Thus travelling a straight line in hyperspace could easily bring you too close to 3D space objects that "shouldn't be there". All the calculations would be to ensure that hyperspace straight-line path isn't going to hit anything charted as in the way in THAT space. Yes, distances in hyperspace could also effectively be compressed, in fact that's likely the whole point of using it (not that you go real-space faster in it).
Assuming this line refers to exactly what we see in The Last Jedi. This seems to suggest that just before and just after a hyperspace jump you are moving very near the speed of light. In the force awakens we also see a similar idea when Han jumps into the atmosphere of star killer base. However a name like “hyperspace” implies that you don’t actually fly through 3d space the entire distance but instead accelerate to a high speed then travel through some sort of wormhole or higher dimension so for the majority of your path you actually have very little to worry about. However on both ends of your journey you could be in trouble. This would explain why jumping into atmosphere is nearly suicidal like they say in Force Awakens because at relativistic speed even dust particles impart incredible amounts of energy that would tear apart a ship like tissue paper
The gravity wells of objects in realspace cast "mass shadows" in hyperspace. Get too close to a sufficiently strong gravity well, and your ship can be ripped out of hyperspace. Even if you don't hit the object (star, black hole, planet, etc.), being yanked out of hyperspace can still do severe structural damage to a starship. At the very least, the ship in question will be momentarily disabled, as we see in the Battlefront 2 campaign and a few episodes of Rebels.
I also think that hyperspace is some sort of manufactured extra dimensional space where you can cut thru normal space or move faster than the speed of light, but it may be that the creating of it needs to be calculated so as not to pass thru any gravity wells or the wormhole is destabilized and you are pulled into the mass which forms the gravity well.
In the 12x12x12 parsec cube, I was super excited that you actually had 24 stars in the drawing. Awesome attention to detail, I think you should nominate yourself for Supernerd this week. You deserve it. :)
Han isn't worrying about physically colliding with stellar bodies, he's worried about gravitational interference. Hyperspace interacts with gravity in such a way that it can destabilize or even abruptly abort a jump if the plotted course runs near a somewhat decent source of gravity. That would expand the radii of the "stars" quite a bit. Plus, it also means you need to account for gravity that destabilizes your course (IE you're not traveling in a straight line, you're bending around gravity wells).
Yeah, keyword being "near". But space is mostly empty, so the probability to be near anything if you appear in a random point space is so low it needs to be discarded.
@@DevilMaster you don’t seem to understand, you don’t just need to not be near something when you come out of hyperspace, you need to stay far away from things as you’re going through it aswell.
Well i guess you can blind jump for a few seconds, drop out of FTL, pick out a star, then jump again. Although to do this they would need to be able to drop out of FTL at will, which I don't know if they can do.
@@natehigman3987 I think they can,just not very accurate. In the expanded universe (I know,I know,but I like it better) it is said that the gravitational pull of an object pulls you out of hyperspace (making the scene in the force awakens impossible) which was used by tacticle genius thrawn to make stupidly accurate jumps by just pulling the ships out with an already present interdictor(a ship which creates gravity Wells or something to interrupt hyperjumps)
i mean that's kinda all jumps anyway. space is fucking huge. and they've apparently got galactic maps, potentially. can't be that hrd to get totally lost. plus, they're in a spaceship that's likely stocked up with food water, a map, etc. it's not like getting lost in the woods where you've got no supply. hell, there's also probably tech to receive info and whatnot that could at least point you in the direction of something
In Star Wars, mass has an affect on Hyperspace (though this is most Legends lore I think), so when you near a large gravitational body, Hyperspace warps. It’s possible this increases the effective radius of stars and other such objects, sucking things out of Hyperspace around them. This could increase the likelihood that what Han says is correct.
Here are my thoughts on what Han was trying to get at: It's not so much about where you're passing through while in hyperspace, but it's about where you end up when you come out. The precise calculations are needed to make sure that you end up where you're supposed to be going, so that you come out of hyperspace at Alderaan (or where it used to be) instead of landing in the middle of the Maw Cluster. It was stated in the Legacy Universe books that the reason Han was able to cut the Kessel run down to 12 parsecs was because his ship had enough processing power (thanks to 3 retrofitted droid brains) to be able to chart a path through the Maw instead of around it. If he had had a ship incapable of making those kinds of calculations, instead of coming out of hyperspace in orbit of Kessel, he and the Falcon would've ended up in one of the Maw Cluster's many black holes. Thus, his assertion that calculations are about ensuring that you don't "fly right through a star or bounce too close to a supernova" aren't about safety while in motion...it's about safety when you *arrive*.
This. Even earthbound navigation requires precision. A fractional error in course setting becomes a larger area the farther you travel. Without accurate course plotting, you might survive but be utterly lost...or at least some place you really don’t want to be.
You should kinda take into consideration that Hyperspace is not the same as real space. Also you dont have to hit a star directly, the problem are the mass shadows pulling you out of the hyperspace in the middle of nowhere... Since you seem to be a star wars nerd (just like me, i love it :D) maybe havea closer look at the thrawn pincer or similar manouvers that make use of hyper space and interdictor cruisers. :) other than that nice video. And nice DL-44 Blaster pistol, i saw that one ;)
@@johnkeck It's not just stars that are hazards... it's anything with mass-energy that could ostensibly cast a "shadow" into hyperspace, which could include nebulae, interstellar objects, dust clouds, dark matter, and maybe even dark energy. Given that hyperspace trips frequently involve travelling from worlds near the galactic center to worlds on the outer rim (30,000+ light year distances) I think the dangers could be greater than this video implies.
You missed one key point, Bilobog: mass shadows. Hyperspace doesn't operate like realspace, the thing to consider isn't the physical volume of celestial bodies, but the reach of their gravity wells. If you do calculations on how much "volume" a given body's gravity well above some arbitrary threshold takes up (say, "the sphere with a radius of the distance from that object where its gravity is greater than the gravity of the ship's mass", for example, or perhaps "the sphere in which the effect of the bodies gravity across the length of the ship is detectably non-uniform") than it makes much more sense and seems truer. At least, more sense in an interpretation of the universe where lasers/plasma travel at perceptible speeds and lasers can be contained at an arbitrary length by magnets =P" Edit: Also, as others have said, the problem could be that a random jump is by far most likely to take you NOWHERE, and hyperspace jumps can be detected and followed. But given that the quote is in the context of just trying to get away from imperials shooting at them that seems...unlikely.
The random jump point is good. In legends that was how the Galaxy rid themselves of the Pius Dea, they hacked their Nav computers and jumped them to random points in the Galaxy to crawl towards distant stars they could never reach
I apologize if my comment offended you or came off as having any form malice behind it, as it was not my intent. I simply saw what seemed be to a simple grammatical error and it annoyed my OCD a bit. Especially, since I was brought around a very rigid view on the use of language, but yes, you are correct. Language is very flexible in nature so long as the meaning behind it is not lost, which it was not with your comment. Also, me saying that I didn't want to be that guy, was less of me being a 'duplicitous coward' (which I honestly somewhat offensive), and more of me trying be as least offensive as possible. Though in hindsight, I could have conveyed that much better than what I did
Han was likely also referring to stars, nebula, planets, asteroids, space stations, pretty much anything that exerts a gravitational force that could change the trajectory of the Falcon. I assume your numbers where calculated for a straight line, but as we saw in The Clone Wars, hyperspace routes are not always a straight line as a ship goes around a nebula in a path to avoid it. Also it is likely that in A New Hope, Han had the coordinates for Alderran program into the ship's computer, but needed to program the safest path to Alderran, which may not have been a straight path from their location near Tatooine.
And Kyle just simply denied the reason why would you make such maneuvers. Theres no chance you hit a star - its close to zero. Also when you travel faster than the light itself, your velocity excels by 1000000 times escape velocity of even the most massive stars. Which means you have to basically hit a celestial body DIRECTLY to be destroyed. Gravitation doesn't do almost anything to you if you use hyperspace travel.
In the clone wars it was confirmed that hitting a large rock like a planet in hyperspace ends poorly when the droid ships nav computer was sabotaged to calculate a path into the plaet below, entering hyperspace straight into the surface with rather disastrous effects. High level gravity wells of planet sized bodies seem to be the most dangerous to it, not impossible to navigate in legends at least, but incredibly likely to cause issues. This is why hyperlanes were mapped-as hyperspace was done via a series of jumps and hyperlanes were wide cannals of empty space that you could jump down, adjust, jump down, etc along major planet roots rather than sorta taking shorter but safer routes through less thoroughly mapped territory or more denseless populated territory.
Also, I'm pretty sure it has been established that large enough debris from a space battle could have negative effects on traveling through via Hyperspace. Sure, you have protection from atoms, but what about from that X-wing?
Hello Kyle The space between stars/supernovas is very... empty However, what about other space items/phenomena that could ruin your day, like black holes, comets, rogue planets, things of that nature. Or would those still be included in your calculations? Take Care and Be Well
Do remember that the Millenium Falcon was at the ruins of Alderaan. Tons of planetary matter could collide with the Falcon, jumping to hyperspace might destroy it. Plus Hyperspace lanes may be the safest areas to jump, not necessarily the only paths to go through
You also forgot to consider time dilation, instant transmissions over thousands of light years, and the fact that humans can stand comfortably on almost every planet we see
Brick One A Lego story LOL You won't believe, but just when I read your comment, I noticed I accidentally tapped the dislike button on the main comment _before_ that.
I think you mean CXCII, for this is your 192nd episode, not your 191st. If you want evidence there are 177 official episodes on nerdist, 18 on this channel, making the total 195, subtract 3 for episodes that appeared on both, and you have a sum of 192, not 191. I spent hours looking for a scientific correction, than noticed this trivial detail, I am so happy!
@@faiscaarthur4257 Some of us nerds had nothing else to do in middle school decades ago and just read the 191 without looking anything up. As for the other part...I subscribe but don't watch often or with enough attention to know how Hagen knew the number was wrong. Must be some kind of magic.
Always wondered why Han just didn't jump (let's say) 1,000 miles from where they were to a location, change their direction a few degrees (after looking out the window to make sure nothing was in their way) jump another thousand miles or so and repeat that process to lose the Imperials. Maybe that could be something for a future show. Can you make multiple unplanned warp jumps safely?
I think what Han was referring to is that when the ships detect a gravity well it jumps out of hyperspace and get destroyed. And due to the distances most ships go through to get to places stars are rather close due to relative movement.that is why the empire made the intradicter stardestroyer. Please let me be a super nerd.
ABaumstumpf I was thinking it in some sort of Tesaract way like the one Carl Sagen described in the original Cosmos series. As even thinking of adding or subtracting one more dimension things change rather dramatically.
But this takes place “a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away”, so wouldn’t the universe be more dense at the time Han is making the jump? When is the earliest after the Big Bang that there could be an environment suitable for life, and what would be the density then (give or take a few million or so years)??
Nick Perri great point i agree, if this happens a really really long time ago then the universe would be denser because as we know that it keeps expanding with time and chances of hitting something would be higher (maybe just a bit though)
lets say the average star distance is just 1% of what it is now (which the universe had when it was way too young for any intelligent lifeforms to evolve) and you were travelling at 1 000 times the speed of light, you would still have several minutes before potentially coming close to anything - and there the chances of hitting anything would still be incredible low. Jump for 1 minutes - done, you hit nothing. Also the computer should be able to do its work after you jumped into hyperspace.
It would be no where near the ridiculous density that Kyle put in to make the near enough Kessel Run. It is a good point but he used stars larger than any in the visible universe of which some are from the earliest years of the big bang, So you are correct in thinking and have no problems with your statement but it still wouldn't matter.
@ABaumstumpf presumably you can't turn once you're in hyperspace... but nothing would stop you from going for a minute, then stopping to make a calculation.
Some important points that were neglected in this video... 1. traveling through Hyperspace requires fuel/energy for the drives of the ship making the journey. 2. the "Run up to Light Speed," is about moving the mass of the ship up to an energy state compatible with the transition from normal space to Hyperspace. 3. by the time a ship has completed its acceleration to the hyperspace threshold, the ship is going fast enough that a course correction would require a prohibitive amount of energy, be nearly impossible to perform accurately, and the stress of the maneuver at that speed would damage the ship. -- these three points are important to consider for simple, logical reasons. A. Cost. The investment in ship maintenance and consumables. B. Safety. When entering or exiting Hyperspace, the ship is under a lot of stress. If the ship suffers any kind of system failure at the end of the "jump," the pilot does not want to be in the middle of empty space with no hope of rescue. C. Logistics. The ship needs consumables, food, water, fuel, atmosphere, etc. -- With these basic considerations, any trip will be planned to include places to stop for resupply, and to be close to some sort of possible emergency support. To put it simply, the ship is intentionally going from the proximity of a star to the proximity of another star, at a high rate of speed. Stay in Hyperspace too long, and you run into the gravity well of the destination star. Come out too soon, and at the very least you get to spend more time and money just finishing the trip. Earth, AKA Sol-3 has numerous gravity wells sharing the same stellar system. A "jump" to Earth would need to be calculated carefully to make sure the ship would arrive on the correct side of Sol, and not clip any gravity wells on the approach.
A million people have said this already but: - in Star Wars gravity fields violently pull you out of hyperspace. so hitting too deep of a gravity well counts as hitting an object. - you need to do calculations to prevent colliding with your destination.
Aditya Parab Black holes are just collapsed stars, right? So wouldn’t making the stars in the calculation larger than we know of, kinda cover black holes too? I don’t think it would change the conclusion very much.
Wouldn't you be fine though unless you crossed the event horizon of said black hole? Outside of that radius (Schwarzchild radius) you'd still have sufficient velocity not to be ripped out of hyperspace, but slipping into it would mean that you'd have to be travelling faster than the speed of light to escape and not be spaghetified? Guess it just depends on that critical radius. If it was significantly larger than a star then you might have an issue, but still probably not gonna hit anything!
black holes are incredibly rare, however they are a concern. for instance the kessel run, a smuggling route takes pilots incredibly close to a group of black holes called the maw. fun fact when Han talks about making the kessel run he is also bragging about his ability to fly so close to the event horizon without crossing it.
A block hole posesses as much mass as the star it originates from, at least as long as it does not "consume" mass from other stars or planets. So this calculation kind of includes black holes.
That, or any sufficiently large gravity well. They cast "mass shadows" in hyperspace which can rip a vessel out of hyperspace. This can do serious damage to a starship, and at the very least, the ship will be momentarily disabled.
I think it's along the idea that large sources of gravity can possibly distort space time, and if your path directly crosses said item, that it might yank you out into a bad place. Like those warp dissapators on some legends destroyers that can break a hyperspace jump
Actually, in Cannon it is demonstrated that the Star Wars Galaxy is much more matter dense then our own Galaxy. For example, the star system that contains Geonosis is less than a parsec away from the star system that contains tattooine. And in Star Wars Legends, there are entire sections of the Galaxy essentially cut off from everywhere else because of large quantities of black holes. However, with the equation that you use there is no way that the Star Wars Galaxies is even close to 1 millionth of a percent as dense as it would need to be for Han Solo's quotes to be true. So, you win this round buddy.
It's also established in the opening credits of literally every Star Wars movie ever that it was a long time ago. With an expanding universe, this means our own galaxy was more matter dense a long time ago. Assuming the galaxy far, far away has higher density at any random point than most galaxies currently have in their cores seems like a reasonable point to work from there, though. Also, with the fact that hyperspace is affected not by the physical size of a star, but by the size of its *gravity well* that 2000x our sun's radius estimate is also looking like a healthier average size of the area you don't want to be hitting with your jump. And when you have those figures in place, the distance at which you become incredibly likely to hit something becomes much shorter.
its a fail to assume the only thing you need to worry about is stars because even large asteroids could exert a small enough gravitional force to alter the trajectory, even if you change your angle by a single degree that could change your destination by millions of miles when traveling through lightyears or par secs, this means you need to account for planets, nebulas, superclusters, black holes, super novas, asteroid fields, other space ships, space debris, etc. any dedicated star wars fan knows that crashing into asteroids during hyperspace is indeed possible.
If I understand hyperspace travel in the Star Wars universe, hyperspace is a separate area of space that doesn't interact with real space. That is why they are able to travel such great distances. So when he's saying you might hit something, I think he's referring to "landing" and "taking off." You don't want to launch into hyperspace when a large object directly in front of you (like the Holdo Maneuver)" and you don't want to come out of hyperspace all willy nilly, because you might re enter real space with a planet or star in front of you, or you might come out inside of a planet or something other than empty space.
This pretty much proves the opposite. If you want to get anywhere, you'll have to make a precise calculation or you'll just end up in some empty void, out of the middle of nowhere.
It's a form of hyperspace, provided you don't agree with the definition of hyperspace discussed in this video. Hyperspace isn't a speed, it's a *space.* When you say you are travelling at 20c, you are travelling at *effectively* 20c (by ways a moving to a different space that circumvents laws to do that travelling). The more common form of hyperspace is in fiction such as Warhammer, "warp" space, which the closest analogy we have would be branes in multiverse theory (Wikipedia will get you pretty far there). I'm not sure if there is any given explanation as to why you get places faster in other branes, but maybe physics isn't quite the same (so distances could be smaller or there could be a higher universal speed limit). You also have Einstein-Rosen bridges, wormholes. Ditto on that. Slipspace gets into string theory. The most popular form of string theory calls for 13 dimensions, where 9 of the dimensions are tightly wound up like a seashell - so tightly wound up that we can't even measure them (subspace). This is where I go out on a tangent of my own: if our 4 dimensions were more tightly wound than one (or some) others those would be equally as imperceptible (they may be larger than the observable universe, for example - a strong fictional explanation for the Higgs Field). Slipspace would be on one of these "superdimensions" and travelling along it would get you places faster - something like travelling through the Nether in Minecraft (but no Ghasts, hopefully). Think of it this way. As you might know, the universe is always expanding. What would happen if you went back billions of years in time to where the universe was smaller and moved a *tiny* bit. Then you go back to your original time - you'd effectively move much further than you could have under the constraints of the speed of light. Slipspace is just another dimension, like time, that is easier to move about in. Probably as clear as mud, but that's as layman as I can get it.
@zamalek Hey, as far as I'm concerned you explained it very well. I unfortunately struggle to grasp things like this despite finding them immensely interesting, and so I'm always needing to read or watch a description of this kind of stuff that is more or less in layman's terms...that said, and while I still don't understand things such as String Theory, your explanation has helped me get closer to fully understanding it - and has helped me understand the video more easily. I do have a question for you, though. What is a "Brane" in terms of Multiverse Theory? I've never come across that term before, and certainly not in relation to the Multiverse Theory. Thank you, and great job on the explanation in your previous comment!
I feel that the idea behind this is when your exiting hyperspace your going to want to drop out near a planet because otherwise you'd have to then travel for ages just to get to the plannet I think the idea is that there is a chance that when you drop out a little of course you could end up in the planet instead of next to it
My only comment is that the end point of each run ends at planet or star and I always thought he was saying that you don't want to be guessing at your end point because being off by a little bit could cause you to crash into your destination. Cool topic.
I've always thought that the fear was never impacting something during Hyperspace, but rather when they exit hyperspace without the amount of distance necessary to avoid something. Much like we saw in The Force Awakens when they used hyperspace to fly through the shields of a planet without crashing into the planet. I think that was the true fear and in my opinion, seems much more plausible.
In star wars lore, objects create "mass shadows" in space. That's just the fictional explanation. I'd be curious to know how large of a mass shadow would be necessary
Clearly, if you assume that a long time ago, there was a far, far away galaxy with an average density higher than the current density of any known galaxy's core, it's safe to say that the mass shadow would have to be close to 2000x the radius of our sun in order to cause the kind of problem for hyperspace travel that Han Solo was suggesting.
In your opening crawl, you should've had a question mark at the end. Proper punctuation treats an ellipsis as another word in the sentence. So it should've ended with: ...?
According to thewritepractice.com, the punctuation should go after the ellipsis if it is ending a sentence. An argument can be made on the spacing, but there's no accepted universal standard of how to space the dots. Some sources think (...?) is fine, while others think it should be (... ?). "A four-dot ellipsis is actually an ellipsis with a period at the end of it. It’s important to remember that you still should punctuate properly even if you’re using an ellipsis. When using ellipses in conjunction with other punctuation, whether they be commas, semicolons, question marks, or exclamation points, treat the ellipsis as though it was just another word in the sentence."
Hey there, 1st-time commenter here. Regarding hyperspace travel, it could be said that hyperspace speed is more a factor of compressing the spacetime between the stars where the stars' 'shadow' projects towards the center like if you had an orange and normal space was the rind of that orange and travel through hyperspace pushes you to a specific depth of that orange as you travel from point to point. That would make traversing from point to point more hazardous as there would be less space between the stars to navigate through. While I understand what you meant about the stellar density, I think with the model I'm using that the apparent ability for stars and a supernova to ruin your day a lot more. Thanks for your time, love the series.
That would depend on the specifics of how the 'Hyperspace jump' worked. In Star Wars, it is fantasy and magic inside a box. For a look at all the different varieties that Scifi authors thought up of, look at this page: www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/fasterlight.php
That ending was so perfect. The best moment in The Force Awakens (the execution of the criminal Han Solo) combined with the hilariously overacted deaths of The Infinitely Boring War. Thank you Because Science for everything that you do to entertain us!
As has been established as canon through movies, books, and video games, the dangers of flying an unplotted hyperspace jump are hitting a gravity well and ending up in than unknown area. 1) The basic theory of hyperspace is that it is a nearby dimension that is close enough to our space that large gravity wells have an effect in it. One way this can be abused is by the Imperial Interdictor Cruiser, which has four massive gravity well generators that essentially lock down an area of space and prevent transit through via hyperspace or exit from the area via hyperspace. The Interdictor is placed in a hyperspace corridor for what is essentially a checkpoint in space. Obviously, large naturally occurring bodies, like moons, planets, stars, star systems, and black holes, et al, will have a similar effect. When a ship traveling in hyperspace hits a gravity well like these, two things happen. First, the hyperdrive kicks the ship back into regular space, allowing the pilot to hopefully avoid the obstacle. Second, as a result of the first reaction, the hyperdrive of most ships will be scrambled, sometimes irreparably. Larger ships, with beefier hyperdrives, can handle this scrambling better than light ships. 2) Nav computers are capable of computing the motion of all celestial objects in the known galaxy and can use that to plot a hyperspace path. Small ships can’t support a nav computer, so astromech droids are used (like R2). But, for the most part, these computers use information gleaned from plotted and regularly traveled corridors and systems. When you jump blindly, you’re almost certain to jump to an unknown area of the galaxy, and then you’d better hope your sensors can grab enough data to precisely determine your location so you can get back to a safe place in the galaxy.
The calculation would change if you add other ships, planets, comets, and natural satellites right? I mean Kylo Ren's ship is smaller than a planet and still killed Admiral Holdo.
Still, the chance are astronomically small though, so stil practically 0% (remember, we can combine all of the mass beside the sun here in the solar system, and it wouldn't even be close to it mass.)
with @matterBeam 's explanation of particles and the wake it could perform, the potential "size" or warp signature, if you will, of these celestial objects would be much larger. This was you can avoid stripping an atmosphere away from a planet by passing "close" to it, relativity speaking ;)
Does the mean free path take into consideration the size of the travelling particle. It looked like the formula assumed these particles to be identical to the ship making millenium falcon a star-sized ship not very convenient for smuggling.
what about wandering black holes? Rogue Stars or dead planets thrown from their orbits, as we learn sometimes happen, or other forms of obstacles, even their own space debris, with how many battles the galaxy a far far away has seen, unless they hav a dedicated clean up crew, that's a lot of stuff around even known hyperspace routes to navigate.
5:40 Uh, that's Mean Free Path, as in the average path that's free of obstacles; not an angry pathway that you don't have to pay for. 8:00 OK, you said it right after this.
Ok lol so umm 3 things, I think. I’ll try to condense. Based on both movies and the books; 1: hyperspace isn’t light speed it is a hyper jump through “space”. It works like bending space or rather bending our interaction with space. If you jump from let’s say courasant to Endor. You aren’t traversing all of space in between, you are traversing the hyperspace in between. Look at it like this, think of a tunnel from where u are to where u want to go. All of the celestial bodies within a certain distance between those 2 points have gravity and want to pull your tunnel to them the closer your tunnel is the more force. Hence plotting a course is very important. 2: fuel is a huge factor, unless you are empire or very very rich. Using these gravity wells can lengthen or shorten the trip by great amounts. 3: if you have a destination chances are there are other planets and or shipping lanes with other ships. Planets also create gravimetric distortions in a hyperspace tunnel and if not calculated in can cause you to and up in their sun or way off target. In one book with Lando flying the Falcon, he flew through a binary star system and was sling shotted into the path of a comet due to the planets throwing him off course and the pull of the comets mass as it flew by a planet or some such technical blather lol. So ya plotting a course is extremely important.
Have you taken a look at swgalaxymap.com? It shows exactly how tightly packed the various systems are to each other. Not sure how much of a difference there is between your math and what the map suggests.
Considering the asteroid field we see in Empire, everything appears to be a lot closer than in our universe. Although there could be other possible explanations.
I always saw the asteroid field as evidence that the galaxy far far away is just really dense and everything is a lot closer together than our own galaxy. This also helps explain how lightspeed actually gets you to different places in the galaxy at a reasonable time
Something that might be worth adding is that the Millennium Falcon can't even be scanning for real time debris. Not only would it be impossible given the speed of light, but they prove the don't scan that far ahead when Solo (while looking at his instrument panel) thinks the destroyed Alderon is an asteroid field. That seems to imply their measurements rely on known star charts. So their probability of hitting a relatively large asteroid would be the same as a blind shot. That brings their calculated course failure above 0% and closer to our measurements. Also, Love your show!
Is it possible that the calculations needed are more for exactly where you emerge from hyperspace? We can assume that you're usually trying to arrive in a star system, to visit a planet. If your exit coordinates are not properly calculated, is it possible you could end up emerging far too close to the star the planet you're visiting is orbiting around? Imagine you're playing Elite Dangerous and recall what you see when you come out of interstellar frame shift. Suddenly, there's a big star filling most of your field of vision. If you're not careful, perhaps exiting hyperspace could put you so close to a star that no amount of thrust could help you escape. Plausible? Or am I just talking out my butt?
Even at those odds... I really don't want to hit a Relativistic Porg during a blind jump... BECAUSE SCIENCE!!! WAA HAAAA! But seriously, what if we change those calculations to include not just massive objects like Stars, but also planets, astroids, all the way down to rocks the size of porgs? Let's ignore partials and stuff because... you know... then the odds are 100%
If you added planets, asteroids and rocks the size of your fingernail, i'd doubt it'd even go to 1% with all matter around a solar system/ outside of one. If of course you start getting to tiny hydrogen atoms or something like that, Obviously as he said at the beginning it'd be 100%
if your on a ship traveling faster then light then you don't need to worry about hitting normal matter while traveling it's only where you stop that's the problem. stopping on an object 1/10th the size of your ship or smaller might be survivable as long as nothing important is damaged.
So... Using this, the density of stuff in the universe is effectively zero. Therefore, you are a lone brain talking to oneself in abject solitary loneliness... HT to Douglas Adams.
What is so interesting to me about this is the term hyperspace. Instead of the ships accelerating to the speed of light what if the ships warp space around them in such a way that they can travel along Euclidean geodesics (straight lines) within compressed space. This would be analogous to crumpling a sheet of paper so from your perspective the ends of the paper have a shorter “straight line” distance from one another. With this hypothesis you would not need to worry about relativistic speed. However there are probably a lot of other problems to worry about. Btw Kyle love the show!
How does your brain / eyes work at this speed? Heck how can a computer even work at these speeds? Wouldn’t sensor data simply be too far outdated to for a person or computer to make any adjustments in flight? I know you can plan ahead but you can’t plan ahead for things you don’t know and by the time you know it’s too late isn’t it?
Brian Kirsch you can work normally and your computer moving with you also can, but you and your computer can't get any information from the exterior. So it wouldn't be able to calculate anything
I think the calculations are made BEFORE jumping to hyperspace. Your computer has a map of the galaxy and adjusts your path based on that so you don't hit anything.
You're right about this, the navicomputer knows every location of the galaxy and it is what calculates the jump to hyperspace. It is updated each time you land on a civilized planet for refueling.
professional baseball player says that they can't really see the ball, the just look at the thrower (?) -I'm don't know the terms-, hands, posture and predict where and how the ball might be throw, and they swing the bat before the throw is make. Just to say that you don't have to keep track of everything at all time, to success.
Wait, wait, is "Kessel Run" an officially-recognized scientific unit? What's it's definition? I'd hope not 12.00 pc. It was clearly somewhere between 12.5 and 13.0 pc, as evidenced by him saying "Not if you round down!" to Chewie, who can be assumed to say something like "it was 13 parsecs".
I just want to point out that the standard kessel run was 18 parsecs, sure skilled pilots could navigate it within a shorter distance (like han with 11.5) but they should be considered outliers compared to the majority of other smugglers who would make it in about 18.
Wait, but if you're going the speed of light, and therefore do not feel time, you won't know when to stop and will just keep going, traveling an essentially infinite distance, making collision with a star or planet like 99.999...% likely. Boom
you aren't going the speed of light, in hyperspace, (a higher dimension) lightspeed is higher than ours. so they don't reach lightspeed in that dimension.
So if you did not experience the effects of time during a livhtspeed jump, would you rapid age when you exit and return to normal speed? Or would you just be younger than the poeple who did not travel at light speed and experienced time normally?
Wait, so if hyperspace is a higher dimension, couldn't there simply be nothing to run into? I'm assuming that if physics still has to function normally, than we can postulate that travel in hyperspace makes everything massless, making all collision nullified, meaning our only problem would be on reentering standard space, upon which, due to our end position, we way displace or overlap existing matter, which may lead to extreme density or acceleration that could result in vaporization. Boom
Few points Star Wars lore (both old and new) shows that it is much more densely occupied by objects than our own. Including multiple massive black holes. Also hyperspace lanes are not straight due to this extreme density of objects and the need to avoid high gravity. Hyperspace jumps can be stopped by high gravity, meaning that even if you don't directly hit something traveling to close could cause problems and be deadly. He was talking about jumping from one system to another meaning that there would be a greater value of objects to interact with at both ends.
@@NoCluYT The conversation goes something like this; C-3PO tells Han the odds of passing through an asteroid belt successfully and Han replies, don't tell me the odds.
I think that the gravitation of the stars will most likely change those numbers quite a bit and also the things that can be lethal in this case are much more numerous than just stars
Yes, let's take Larry Niven's view that we want to avoid the "gravity wells", assume the Sun influences and has halo of matter out to about a light year and rerun the calculation. .02 stars per cubic light year, so 1 / (.02 * 3 ) since r^2 is 1 gives 17 light-years and *smack* !!!!
The thing to worry about with hyperspace is mass shadows, stars and supernovas are the worst, but anything with mass can cause problems, the more the worse with catastrophe popping up once you hit something with greater than 30% the mass of your ship, even just going through a nebula can be a problem, because A. There's the risk of it being a stellar nursery, and B. Even if there is nothing in there big enough to mess up your ship an other concern is a mass shadow pulling you wildly off course, sort of Lost in Space, sort of deal but with less time travel, and more dimension hopping, which is not a fun time. There is also the obligatory sci fi star whales, which can jump to hyperspace, and there are apparently enough of there is a realistic chance of careening into one fast enough that the resultant explosion can render a few light years of space into a hyperspace mine field, which only gets worse once other ships hit it, fortunately the routes that these space whales travel is relatively common knowledge, and most navicomputers plot around them
H.R. Tucker Heh. It’s funny. It was supposed to be a bs statement that obi wan could see through but luke didn’t, but then legends decided “naw, let’s make it a thing”
I think in lore there 2 paths that can be taken in a run. One that 12 parchectes, and one that is a lot shorter, but require you to fly by a couple black holes. Another way to say how badass he is. Like the fact that hon shot first. If they ruin it in Solo, so many people are going to be pissed.
Functionally it is science fantasy but it has always been referred to as science fiction. the youtube channel ExtraCredits has done a very good video on the difference between the two.
A few things I have questions on these scenes, 1st when you see space craft arrive they just appear out of no where. Would you be able to see them coming? Another issue is u see the ships arrive and are right next to ships that are already in the area.Say you do a precise calculation on arriving at a planet destination, What if it is a highly populated space full of craft and you just arrive. wouldn't this become a major issue? How far away should you arrive and then come in kind of like ships in a harbor? Third What kind of calculations would you have to make to get to a destination. Considering all large masses will alter your path in some way and over a long distance each change will have major effect on final destination. Wouldn't you have to consider every stellar large mass object in a certain vicinity? Wouldn't hyper speed have to alter space to be able to travel faster than light? How could you figure what say a neutron stars gravitational force affect would be on the space that is altered for hyper speed? And as for Han Solo taking time to calculate his destinations and the fact that actual laser battles would not likely be missing every shot like the movies, then every shot would mean certain or near certain death vs a small change of death. Get me the hell out of there asap.
8:39 - the asteroid field in Empire was actually amazingly *easy* to successfully navigate, according to C3PO. He said, "The odds of successfully navigating an asteroid field are approximately 3,720:1!" He didn't say "the odds against," he said "the odds *of*"!
Very nice and I agree completely. But one case that wasn't taken into consideration is how close you are to a large object like a sun or a planet. If you are on the ground of a planet and randomly choose a direction then I'd say you have a relatively large (around 50%) chance of picking a random direction in which you would hit the planet (depending on the curvature of the planet). As you move farther away, then this number would be lower and lower but still relatively large compared to that of the probability of hitting random stuff from random points in space. You could even calculate this with chords of a circle representing the diameter of a sun or planet, and based off of how large the chord is (how close you are to the body) then the arc length of the section of that chord divided by the full circle arc length would give you the probability of hitting the planet or sun that you are close to. The video makes sense in that if you randomly pick a point to spawn in in our universe, and draw a circles around it with chords representing the diameters of the planets and suns, then the chords would be so small, their arc lengths divided by the circumference would turn out to be insignificant; thus 0%. So if Hanny Boy was in fact close to a sun or planet, he might have had a good chance of hitting that one object.... :D
saw a comic once talking about a guy who made a teleporting ship. had the odds of landing in a galaxy, the odds of landing in a solar system, the odds of landing near a planet, the odds that planet had breathable air, the odds that you didnt ram into anything, and a couple others. ended up being 1 in 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000. but he did it. then the 1 in 2 hes right side up kicked in and his ship crushed him flat
So... correct me if im wrong... but... the faster you move closer to the speed of light... the heavier you become relative to your surroundings without changing your mass making you denser... isnt it theoretically possible that.. moving that fast for long enough could make you kind of like a black hole, where you become so heavy and dense that if you were to just jump to a random point in space that you would or could bring a bunch of space debris with you and that is the danger of picking a random point in space. Its not the act of crashing into anything. But its the act of dragging so many things with you along the way that by the end of your journey when you stop, you would have brought so many things with you that you would cause destruction in your wake.
Based upon Star Wars Rebel explanation of the Interdictor cruisers, strong gravity wells can pull a ship out of hyperspace. It is not actual collision with a star or supernova that you need to fear in hyperspace. It is getting close enough to their gravity wells to be pulled out of hyperspace. If Hyperspace uses something like a warp field to bend space in order to break the speed limits, then other forces which bend space could destabilize your warp field making hyperspace travel impossible.
I feel there’s more consideration of knowing where you’ll end up then obstacles. Random jumps could land you in a location where your hyperspace calculating ‘puter wouldn’t know what to do (aka Katana Fleet).
All this does is make those "gripes", "plot holes" against The Last Jedi seem (well, I say "seem", they actually "are") trivial. Brilliant video as always.
although if your travling at hyperspeed you have gotta be accurate with your aim to a certian target. if you were off by a few centimeters you be really far off course assuming you went in a 'straight-line"
Hyperlanes correspond to vectors that intersect routes leading to spatial objects with high mass and energy. Additionally their termination points would exponentially increase like a funnel the closer to a high mass object. Effectively the linear distance component would have a near zero probability of encountering anything. The asymptotic part of the vector would correspond to the proximity to an object of interest which usually corresponds to spatial objects of high mass/energy such as planets stars and nebulae. It is roughly analagous to a marble rolling on a pincushion style leather sofa. As long as the marble does not encounter any pincushion depressions it will not stop. It is however difficult to negotiate past all of the pincushion depressions to reach the end of the sofa without the marble being caught in one of the depressions.
The need for hyperspace calculations or some level of engineering forethought has been prevalent in many science fiction scenarios. Although I doubt that hyperspace or 'underspace' subspace or transdimensional travel is feasible, using the expansionary spatial energy and or dark energy [if somehow understood] may be possible despite the enormous energy and radiation consequences of use. In the Stargate universe there is only one Stargate allowed on a massive spatial body precisely because of the extreme difference in gradient between the travelling component and the termination vector. Over 10,s of thousands of light years the 'stream' encounters virtually no mass or energy and then must terminate within an enormously small fraction of that distance with a curve at least as exponential as the inverse square law as it encounters mass. Additionally, the hyperspatial speed is many orders of magnitude above light speed if not instant. In Battlestar Galactica and indeed in Dune semi-sentient specialized ship computers are needed to safely and effectively travel using both the transdimensional and normal space time.
As well Christopher Hornback brings up some relevant points. I forgot to mention that hyperspatial travel effectively uses a hypothesized transdimensional or n+x d [4+ 1=5 ] field or fictional subspace. The geometry of higher transdimensional spaces could be very complex and may either preferentially terminate in a high mass energy source or geometrically correspond to a lower probability of encountering a high matter source. I guess without precisely knowing the fictional theorey that describes the geometry of the traveling space as well as the simple vector analysis of the navigation route then the assertion that any navigational solution will correspond to probablistic chance variation in a normal distributed phase space corresponding to the galaxy is wrong. ..and yes I gave my comment a thumbs up.
It would also depend on what source you are looking at. In "New Hope," Han only mentions big things like stars and presumably planets, to include their gravity well. Other sources would be much smaller, like artificial mass shadows projected by certain Imperial ships, or even piling up asteroids in predicted hyperspace routes. Those never made much sense to me since the odds of encountering a mass even roughly equal to the Falcon would be much grater than stars, etc., and would probably make hyperspace travel impossible. Also some of the material said that the jump actually put the ship in an alternate dimension where time and distance were different than in "real space." There was even an published adventure that would make an interesting movie where the characters' ship had a hyperdrive failure and ended up in another "real space." That one had some rather hostile life forms in it.
I think the problem isn't physically interacting with stellar mass in realspace, but bouncing too close to the mass shadows of stellar masses in hyperspace. These mass shadows extend much further in hyperspace than the associated gravity well does in realspace, which in technobabble is probably a function of how hyperspace works and the speeds at which craft travel. It's why Interdictor cruisers can project a strong gravity well in realspace which then prevents craft from fleeing an entire system. This is why Solo mentions the distance rather than time regarding the Kessel Run, an area dominated by multiple large and in-close proximity black holes. Navigating a path through at speed requires much more precision due to the way mass shadows work. My guess is that tidal forces are magnified in hyperspace, both due to the peculiarities of how hyperspace works and the speeds involved. I believe there are lore examples of craft being lost forever in hyperspace, as well as examples of ships exiting hyperspace after being ripped apart by mass shadows.
Nice, nur ive got 1 Thing to mention: when using hyperspace you want top travel Close to your Destination. If you overshoot a little while aming at your desired target you die, or Break too early and you might have to travel for serveral days.
![[LIVE] : ONE ลุมพินี 88 | คู่เอก "ป้อมเพชร vs อัสลามจอน"](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/1ZqTVVbMgbo/mqdefault.jpg)
Thanks for watching! By the way, the Kessel Run / parsec quote is addressed at length in the new "Solo" film, if you're curious. #HanYolo #CosmicSalami -- KH
Is hulks thunder clap possible?
Because Science
I Don't have the technical knowledge to know for sure if Han is wrong about hyperspace or not.
But what I do know is that he is very wrong for letting Chewbacca sit in the co pilot seat of the Millennium Falcon without putting a seat cover or something on it first.
As we've already discovered through scientific *AND* Canon sources it is impossible for Wookies to maintain proper hygiene of their asses which resulted in the cantaloupe sized Dingleberry's that they're infamously known for throughout the Galaxy.
There have been several occasions where an unknowing passenger has sat in Chewie's seat and been "stuck" unable to stand until they reached the nearest space station for emergency assistance.
This is the reason why in the Force Awakens we see Rey sitting in the captains seat and is met with stern disapproval from Han. Neither of them wished to be entangled in the thick viscous coating of matted fur and fecal matter left behind by the first mate. That's Canon.......SW LEGENDS.
*#WOOKIESGOTSWAMPASS*
*"NUFF SAID"*
It is not just stars that you have to worry about. You would have to worry about anything bigger than like an ant.
I think your forgetting something. Isn't it possible, if your in the core and travelling far enough, to guarantee a star in a collision course (assuming your random direction is a straight line travelled) because at some point you randomly point yourself towards a star and using math like the Solomonoff method you could, pending your luck, chart a random hyperspace jump of indeterminate length right into the core of a sun? Or a comet. Or a meteor belt. Like the one we saw in the movie. Just sayin.
the Galaxy Star Wars takes place in is not near us... and this takes place a long long time ago... and there is still several 1000 years of space travel going on prior to that.
We know that Hyperspace isn't blind space. Entering Hyperspace seems to designed or created to for the purpose of coming out near planets or star systems and without a course laid in it will hit a random corridor and you won't know where you are going to come out. You could come out at a solar system anywhere. If Hyperspace makes it easier to get to planets and behaves in a peculiar way. It is totally possible that the nature of Hyperspace is not just a complete layer of space but actually some form of ancient system more akin to a web.
This could also explain the 12 parsecs line. In that if hyperspace corridors/lanes/routes they may be set distance and they may not be straight lines.This could require turning inside hyperspace which for a slower or less maneuverable ship could add significant distance at the speeds traveled as they'd have to.
Of course none of the current writers of beloved franchises are big enough Nerds to think like this so I'm sure Solo will make all this mute and make it seem even less nonsensical.... because Abrams have proven time and again Audience really aren't that smart and they just want the pew pew.
The chances of shutting up a whiny know it all teen by telling him you will hit a star if you don't get the calculations from the nav computer = 100%
Never tell me the odds :P
Calculations plot linnear path through hyperspace. Now tell us why stars would effect hyperspace. Scientifically.
@@jon7941 Stars have gravity wells. Gravity wells impact hyperspace. Anything in hyperspace passing near a gravity well gets pulled along the gravity curve and dumped back into realspace. It's how the Interdictor-class gravity well projectors work.
Hate it when people shout at you for 12 minutes about how Han Solo was wrong. Han Solo is not wrong! 🤬
I thought the explanation was that space is always moving, hyperspace is always moving, locations and objects in one aren't where you expect to find them in the other, the paths are always changing. There's a small risk of collision, there's a great risk of simply being lost or stranded forever.
Without having read any extended universe stuff or anything, my brain had always processed this by assuming that the geometry of hyperspace is different from that of real space. In hyperspace, all of the physical objects are bunched much closer together, and all the open space is highly-compressed. This is how a hyperspace drive can travel through the empty space extremely quickly, but also means that when you're _in_ hyperspace, you have to be extremely careful with your navigation to actually stay _in_ the space between objects.
as someone who did read the extended universe (yes ik this post is old) in legends the reason is not that you would fly into the nova or black hole itself but the issue arrieses from their gravitational pull. The Gravitational Pull is what takes you out of Hyperdrive if you do not manually disengage it and you cant jump if inside a large gravity well (what is why till episode 9 we never saw a ship hyperdrive jump from a planets surface) in case you dont know for things like black Hole collisions they also leave permanent ripples in spacetime that fly away what could also cause issues for Hyperspace travelers in the Starwars Galaxy. In edition you have to keep in mind that Hyperspace routes exist so you can quickly navigate if Han was trying to jump over a hyperspace route, what is possiable given in the scene he is flying away from (past) Alderaan he may have to recalibrate to figure out where to launch off exactly to hit the route as the main spacemark aka Alderan is no longer where its supposed to be
@@fabiopauli420 this is why the interdictors were much more terrifying than what we see in the tv shows, as they could create these wells that yank people out of hyperspace, if placed right and using a powerful enough generator for the ship, you could yank a ship out at a speed great enough to rip it or smash the crew inside.
@@puckvagabond3472 most certainly yes. They where a powerful blockade for any hyperspace lane rendering them effectively useless iirc thrawn uses them still even in Canon? Though im not 100% sure
@fabiopauli420 yeah he does.
So hyperspace really isn't FTL. You're just traveling in another dimension where time and distance are different from where they are normally. Therefore speed is irrelevant.
Hello again.
As we have seen in Star Wars 8 The Last Jedi, spaceships accelerate to a relativistic velocity before they enter hyperspace.
We know however that even 'empty space' is filled with a thousands of atoms and ions per cubic meter of volume. Near a planet, this number might be dozens of times higher.
Colliding with these atoms is harmless at the velocities we are used to in space travel (a few km/s), but as Kyle Hill says, they become a deadly radiation at relativistic velocities.
My theory is that spaceships in Star Wars need to use their shields to survive this bombardment as they accelerate to enter Hyperspace.
Logically, we can work out how strong their shields are by how much radiation they are absorbing.
At 99.9% the speed of light, if the interstellar medium is filled with one million hydrogen atoms per cubic meter and the Millenium Falcon has a frontal cross section of 150 square meters, then it is being subjected to a flux of 22kW/m^2, which isn't much.
Inside a solar system like ours, the number of hydrogen atoms increases to 5 million per cubic meter and the flux increases to 110kW/m^2.
Far above a planet like Earth (1000km altitude), the atoms increase to a trillion per cubic meter... but also include a hundred billion helium atoms and ten billion oxygen ions. The total mass of all these particles becomes 5.85e-15kg/m^3 (about five picograms). Punching through them creates a flux as high as 523MW/m^2. That's like a powerful laser all over the front of the Millenium Falcon!
Some of the scenes we see in the big battle of Star Wars 8 (low orbit, ~200km) and in Star Wars 7 (exiting hyperspace within the atmosphere) implies that the shields are ridiculously powerful though, with fluxes of 280TW/m^2 (!) and 100,000 EXAWATTS/m^2 respectively.
Can Star Wars shields sit comfortably next to an exploding supernova? Can they just ignore collisions with stars by driving right through them unharmed?
I used data from my blog post on atmospheric gas scooping: toughsf.blogspot.com/2017/09/low-earth-orbit-atmospheric-scoops.html for high altitude gas density.
I used this relativistic energy calculator: hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Relativ/releng.html and this picture for the dimensions of the Millenium Falcon: brick-customs.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/dimensions2.png
Matter Beam I would try to show up at the footnotes, but its too hard to compete with your comments! Keep up the good work
Matter Beam woah, were you waiting for him to post another video so you could comment this, or was this something you just thought of while watching?
project alpha? He might have seen it in advance.
@SquirrelyGamer:
Yes :D
@Davi Alves:
You can only become a SuperNerd once in your life, so everyone has a shot at it! Thanks.
@Gideon Jones:
I subscribed to Project Alpha to watch the episodes 2 days early, have plenty of time to write a comment and make Kyle Hill less lonely.
@Le Psycho:
Exactamundo.
7:06
I don't know why but I love when he does the pause and then extends the number like that
It amuses me.
Unlucky me would hit a black hole with first hyperspace try.
ToniosPlaylist umm I would explain something but it’s too long
If you see it like this with the least possible outcome occurring(in the Star wars Galaxy) your entrance into hyperspace(which is a different dimension btw) would be fine and the travel to,but the exit would fail,trapping you either in hyperspace itself or stranding you in otherspace(a dimension between hyperspace and normal space filled with very aggressive sentient creatures)
@George Bell black holes are just part of a theoretical construction of the nature of interstellar space?
Are we spending money and time hiring really smart people to come up with plausible science fiction when we could be employing those minds to help solve the problems of our world at hand?
Yeah. I feel that.
If ur going at hyperspeed unless u go right into the event horizon you’d be ok
"Distance between our sun and the last planet, Neptune" Rip Pluto, never forget
Press F
F
yes... never leave a planet out of the equation
F
F
Perhaps "hit" in this context means "Interact with the gravity well of" and rather than a path to avoid, its a path to compensate for ,within tolerances, the gravity wells? This would make hyperspace lanes = areas of uniform gravitational interaction, expand the ranges that are inaccessible areas and give the computers something to calculate other than "where not to go"
There's also the fact that there's a lot more out there than just stars. If hitting a ship kills both vessels, I can't imagine hitting a planet or an asteroid or much of anything else in the volume of a solar system would come out better. It'd still be a pretty darn low chance, but it'd be nonzero.
Robert Williams With how quickly gravities strength drops with distance. I don't think it would matter. Your speed would most likely far to great even if you got kinda close. Even then only things like black holes, neutron stars, etc would habe the gravity to get you. But, you still wouldn't habe the chances of hitting that. Space is just to damn big and empty. :)
No "perhaps" about it - It's absolutely about Gravity Wells! That's how Interdictor Cruisers work to bring ships out of hyperspace by projecting gravity well style beams in the area they expect a ship to be travelling through.
And yes space is a lot vaster than people thought in the 70s but that doesn't mean people are going to jump at random if they have any alternative.
Vegeta8300 Surely it would depend on the effects of hyperspace. If the mass of your ship were to get extremely large then even the drop off gravity could be a non factor.
He did do calculations that assumed the stars were 2000x their volume and that the density of stars was 2000x. I think that would account for gravity wells at normal density and volume.
You're right, but there is once concern. It's feasible to assume they are wanting to arrive at or near a certain location. It's also acceptable to assume this location is not just an empty location in space most of the time. With those assumptions in place, if one was to reach a target location, they would prefer extremely accurate coordinates, to avoid, say for example, a collision with the planet they chose to jump near, or falling too far into a star's gravitational influence that they chose to hide behind. Although random location choices are pretty much 100% safe, if there is a location in mind, THEN they would need accuracy.
Step 1: make a random jump
Step 2: find yourself unable to identify your position in the galaxy
Step 3: die of old age/hunger trying to get to closest star using sublight?
That's exactly what happened in legends when the Galaxy tried to rid themselves of the Pius Dea, they hacked their Nav computers and jumped them to random points in the Galaxy to crawl towards distant stars they could never reach
Touché, Kyle! Touché!
The Delta Quadrant
Step 2 doesn't seem very likely, specially in Star Wars, where most of the galaxy has already been explorer. It is very unlikely that you could not find some objects that you could use to orient yourself, unless your Nav computer were malfunctioning, or you were completely incapable of using it.
Step 3 is also not likely, unless your hyperdrive failed (which you did not specify). Why doom yourself to die by using the sublight drive, instead of just making another random jump? If you do the latter, there is a chance that you will end up someplace where you can get your bearings. If, despite what I said about Step 2, you still find yourself lost, jump again, and again, until you do find something that you can use to orient yourself.
Lorenzo Benito I think you're forgetting about the Unknown Regions. You know, like half the galaxy?
But we know Han’s character, he likes to bend the facts to make him look cooler. He’s a chronic BSer but we love him for it! 😂
It got a princess, consider me sold!
This was, then, BS calling out HS for his BS.
"Parsecs are a measurement of distance, not time,"
Han solo: im gonna pretend I didn't see that.
“I never ask that question until after I’ve done that!”
I've never liked him
So the problem I'm seeing with this, kyle, is that in order to go somewhere meaningful, like a planet orbiting a star, instead of some random patch of space, you would indeed need calculations. If you just jump toward a star, you could potentially hit the star or one of the planet's orbiting it. And this is probably more what he's talking about because jumping into empty space isn't useful. Maybe if you are just trying to get away from the empire, you could do this and then make calculations from your new position, but fuel is also an issue. You want to make jumps to strategic positions so you don't run out of fuel before you reach your next landing where you can fuel up again.
Anyway, love BSing with you Kyle.
mazingdaddid fuel isn't a concern until it suddenly exists in the last jedi
LarryM ....but now it's canon, so..... And it wasn't a concern because we never had a seige like standoff in any of the movies before this.
mazingdaddid screw the new Canon and give me Darth bane back
LarryM I know how you feel.... but we can't deny the new canon. This is the world we aspire to live in now.
Fuel doesn't even need to come into it, don't worry :) You're absolutely right and even if you want to jump randomly in any direction presumably wherever you're jumping from is likely to be somewhere 'meaningful' as well, or at the very least near whoever's chasing you, which immediately increases the likelihood of something local being in the way. I mean, put it this way... if your starting position is right next to a planet then that probability of roughly 0% instantly becomes almost 50%.
I haven't seen Solo yet, but is it really accurate to equate the physics and astrophysics of normal space to hyperspace? I know the Expanded Universe isn't canon anymore, but in West End Games's Star Wars tabletop RPG, hyperspace used to be traveling to a separate dimension, crossing that dimension, then exiting at a point in this dimension. Maybe in hyperspace, distances are shortened, or the volume of the galaxy far, far away is extremely condensed. It would explain why nobody ages differently while going beyond lightspeed, or why it wouldn't take 40 relative years for Han to smuggle stuff from one system to another.
I mean, Han does say, "Traveling through hyperspace ain't like dusting crops." He could be referring to the dimensional compaction of hyperspace as compared to normal reality, and that's why the navigation formulae are so complex.
It's just a thought... /shrug
It's like to make all the planets/asteroids/stars/black holes together in a tiny space, travel through it and come back in another place (that in normal trip would take 40 years in just 15 minutes)
Right, hyperspace distances have to average smaller, but the rules can be different so they don't map linearly to our space. What if the ratio of distances varies with the curvature of space? Distances across flat space could be hugely reduced, but around steep gravity wells like stars, be hugely enlarged. That'd dramatically change Kyle's "star density" calcs. Play with the thresholds and ratios a bit and hyperspace could be over 90% interiors of stars, with little gaps between representing what are light years of empty space in our universe. Hmm, there's probably some way in that idea to make the "Kessel Run" comment make sense, too.
The main problem with navigating hyperspace is mass shadows- which I do not know the size of relative to the mass of the object casting it. To my knowledge, they could either scale down as with hyperspace, or not, and be relatively large. So in one case they are not important unless you are leaving or arriving at a system, and in the other they are always important. Either way, it is not a good idea to hit them.
Also hyperspace is only accessible inside the galaxy. If hyperspace isn't a constant then imagine what hitting the edge of that dimension would do while traveling at high speeds through it. It's a part of the SW galaxy that even the inhabitants don't fully understand so the common folk just stick with what is known and avoid taking astronomical risks.
Also, we don't know the gravity well effects on Hyperspace. They have interdictiors that are not very big, won't produce a gravity well as big as a star, and yet can pull a ship out of hyperspace, so, one can make the assumption that gravity effects have a very much higher impact on hyperspace. So, those stars, in hyperspace, in the form of gravity, could be way way way bigger in a much much much smaller space. Scale your travel space down and your stars up and maybe it might not look so safe. Also, we don't know the Impact the ship trajectory or pull even getting close. So, not the star impact proper, but take the intergalactic gravitational influence of a star, and that's a MUCH bigger thing to miss, in a dimension (hyperspace) that could put all those objects way way closer together.
“The last planet; Neptune”
You’re just gonna do Pluto like that are you? 😢
Booooooooo ........
You hear about Pluto...
That's messed up
@@liamnoriega9854 Magichead? Is that you?
i mean, it's not a planet, so yes.
it's like saying jupiter is the 400,000th planet because we're counting rocks in the asteroid belt as planets, really.
@@leeman27534 Pluto is far far bigger than any asteroid, and was already named a planet, it deserves to be grandfathered in
I like that during the “Free Mean Path” explanation you put 24 stars on the background and had the ship fly through it. Nice attention to detail!
I think what you may have failed to account for is the proximity to such dangers as stars a ship would normally be jumping to hyperspace from (spaceports, inhabitable planets, etc).
During the referenced scene where Han makes this seemingly erronious claim, the heroes are attempting to escape from the space arount Tatooine. Since, according to Star Wars canon, Tatooine is almost exactly 1 AU from its suns, we can use our sun as a reference for calculating the possibility of hitting one of Tatooine's suns.
Our sun's angular diameter from earth is approximately .5 degrees of arc on average. Therefore, looking in all directions from 1 AU from our sun, the sun takes up approximately 1/518,400 of space from earth's perspective (which comes out to about .00019%). Tatoo I and Tatoo II would each take up this much of all possible angular trajectories from Tatooine.
Therefore, from its location at the time of Han's claim, the Millennium Falcon had a 1 in 259,200 chance of hitting one of Tatooine's suns.
That shot is not even one in a million, kid!!! ;)
That and we're talking about *hyper*space. Whilst it's definitely an assumption, mathematically speaking this would mean extra dimensions, possibly with our normal 3D space folded up inside it in unknown ways. Thus travelling a straight line in hyperspace could easily bring you too close to 3D space objects that "shouldn't be there". All the calculations would be to ensure that hyperspace straight-line path isn't going to hit anything charted as in the way in THAT space. Yes, distances in hyperspace could also effectively be compressed, in fact that's likely the whole point of using it (not that you go real-space faster in it).
Han Solo was worried about objects ON destination line! One degree and you will overshoot the planet, hitting it's star :\
But even if the distance from Tatooine to the sun is 1 AU, the suns could be much bigger or smaller. Wouldn't that affect the calculations?
Assuming this line refers to exactly what we see in The Last Jedi. This seems to suggest that just before and just after a hyperspace jump you are moving very near the speed of light.
In the force awakens we also see a similar idea when Han jumps into the atmosphere of star killer base.
However a name like “hyperspace” implies that you don’t actually fly through 3d space the entire distance but instead accelerate to a high speed then travel through some sort of wormhole or higher dimension so for the majority of your path you actually have very little to worry about. However on both ends of your journey you could be in trouble. This would explain why jumping into atmosphere is nearly suicidal like they say in Force Awakens because at relativistic speed even dust particles impart incredible amounts of energy that would tear apart a ship like tissue paper
And yet, in the Force Awakens they also jumped to hyperspace from the inside of a cargo hold.
The gravity wells of objects in realspace cast "mass shadows" in hyperspace. Get too close to a sufficiently strong gravity well, and your ship can be ripped out of hyperspace. Even if you don't hit the object (star, black hole, planet, etc.), being yanked out of hyperspace can still do severe structural damage to a starship. At the very least, the ship in question will be momentarily disabled, as we see in the Battlefront 2 campaign and a few episodes of Rebels.
I also think that hyperspace is some sort of manufactured extra dimensional space where you can cut thru normal space or move faster than the speed of light, but it may be that the creating of it needs to be calculated so as not to pass thru any gravity wells or the wormhole is destabilized and you are pulled into the mass which forms the gravity well.
In the 12x12x12 parsec cube, I was super excited that you actually had 24 stars in the drawing.
Awesome attention to detail, I think you should nominate yourself for Supernerd this week. You deserve it. :)
If there wasn't, one of you would have called me out on it! -- KH
Han isn't worrying about physically colliding with stellar bodies, he's worried about gravitational interference.
Hyperspace interacts with gravity in such a way that it can destabilize or even abruptly abort a jump if the plotted course runs near a somewhat decent source of gravity.
That would expand the radii of the "stars" quite a bit. Plus, it also means you need to account for gravity that destabilizes your course (IE you're not traveling in a straight line, you're bending around gravity wells).
and even more dangerous, how do you account for various sized black holes?
Yeah, keyword being "near". But space is mostly empty, so the probability to be near anything if you appear in a random point space is so low it needs to be discarded.
@@DevilMaster you don’t seem to understand, you don’t just need to not be near something when you come out of hyperspace, you need to stay far away from things as you’re going through it aswell.
@@GingeryGinger You're still going through the emptiness of space. Your reply makes no sense, just like star wars in general haha. 😅
@@wetube6513 the ‘emptiness of space’ is actual quite filled when you consider the relative scale of Star Wars.
So really, by not calculating your jumps you would 100% be lost and end up no where near anything...
Well i guess you can blind jump for a few seconds, drop out of FTL, pick out a star, then jump again. Although to do this they would need to be able to drop out of FTL at will, which I don't know if they can do.
@@natehigman3987 I think they can,just not very accurate. In the expanded universe (I know,I know,but I like it better) it is said that the gravitational pull of an object pulls you out of hyperspace (making the scene in the force awakens impossible) which was used by tacticle genius thrawn to make stupidly accurate jumps by just pulling the ships out with an already present interdictor(a ship which creates gravity Wells or something to interrupt hyperjumps)
and they do that in rise of skywalker and end up on planets and near creatures?? wut?
i mean that's kinda all jumps anyway. space is fucking huge.
and they've apparently got galactic maps, potentially. can't be that hrd to get totally lost.
plus, they're in a spaceship that's likely stocked up with food water, a map, etc. it's not like getting lost in the woods where you've got no supply.
hell, there's also probably tech to receive info and whatnot that could at least point you in the direction of something
In Star Wars, mass has an affect on Hyperspace (though this is most Legends lore I think), so when you near a large gravitational body, Hyperspace warps. It’s possible this increases the effective radius of stars and other such objects, sucking things out of Hyperspace around them. This could increase the likelihood that what Han says is correct.
Here are my thoughts on what Han was trying to get at:
It's not so much about where you're passing through while in hyperspace, but it's about where you end up when you come out. The precise calculations are needed to make sure that you end up where you're supposed to be going, so that you come out of hyperspace at Alderaan (or where it used to be) instead of landing in the middle of the Maw Cluster. It was stated in the Legacy Universe books that the reason Han was able to cut the Kessel run down to 12 parsecs was because his ship had enough processing power (thanks to 3 retrofitted droid brains) to be able to chart a path through the Maw instead of around it. If he had had a ship incapable of making those kinds of calculations, instead of coming out of hyperspace in orbit of Kessel, he and the Falcon would've ended up in one of the Maw Cluster's many black holes.
Thus, his assertion that calculations are about ensuring that you don't "fly right through a star or bounce too close to a supernova" aren't about safety while in motion...it's about safety when you *arrive*.
JR Keil good answer
Kyle doesn't usually go on the books. just the movies
This. Even earthbound navigation requires precision. A fractional error in course setting becomes a larger area the farther you travel. Without accurate course plotting, you might survive but be utterly lost...or at least some place you really don’t want to be.
This is how I always interpreted it too.
You should kinda take into consideration that Hyperspace is not the same as real space. Also you dont have to hit a star directly, the problem are the mass shadows pulling you out of the hyperspace in the middle of nowhere... Since you seem to be a star wars nerd (just like me, i love it :D) maybe havea closer look at the thrawn pincer or similar manouvers that make use of hyper space and interdictor cruisers. :) other than that nice video. And nice DL-44 Blaster pistol, i saw that one ;)
A proper cross section calculation takes into account the effect of deflection from a star's gravity... at least in real space.
@@johnkeck It's not just stars that are hazards... it's anything with mass-energy that could ostensibly cast a "shadow" into hyperspace, which could include nebulae, interstellar objects, dust clouds, dark matter, and maybe even dark energy. Given that hyperspace trips frequently involve travelling from worlds near the galactic center to worlds on the outer rim (30,000+ light year distances) I think the dangers could be greater than this video implies.
You're totally correct.
You missed one key point, Bilobog: mass shadows. Hyperspace doesn't operate like realspace, the thing to consider isn't the physical volume of celestial bodies, but the reach of their gravity wells. If you do calculations on how much "volume" a given body's gravity well above some arbitrary threshold takes up (say, "the sphere with a radius of the distance from that object where its gravity is greater than the gravity of the ship's mass", for example, or perhaps "the sphere in which the effect of the bodies gravity across the length of the ship is detectably non-uniform") than it makes much more sense and seems truer.
At least, more sense in an interpretation of the universe where lasers/plasma travel at perceptible speeds and lasers can be contained at an arbitrary length by magnets =P"
Edit: Also, as others have said, the problem could be that a random jump is by far most likely to take you NOWHERE, and hyperspace jumps can be detected and followed. But given that the quote is in the context of just trying to get away from imperials shooting at them that seems...unlikely.
The random jump point is good. In legends that was how the Galaxy rid themselves of the Pius Dea, they hacked their Nav computers and jumped them to random points in the Galaxy to crawl towards distant stars they could never reach
I hate to be 'that guy', but "truer"? I think the term you were looking for is 'more true'
As long as the base word has one syllable, it can modified with a leading "more" or a suffix of "-er." Both are grammatically correct.
I apologize if my comment offended you or came off as having any form malice behind it, as it was not my intent. I simply saw what seemed be to a simple grammatical error and it annoyed my OCD a bit. Especially, since I was brought around a very rigid view on the use of language, but yes, you are correct. Language is very flexible in nature so long as the meaning behind it is not lost, which it was not with your comment.
Also, me saying that I didn't want to be that guy, was less of me being a 'duplicitous coward' (which I honestly somewhat offensive), and more of me trying be as least offensive as possible. Though in hindsight, I could have conveyed that much better than what I did
Praetorian Mars
Yeah, you're right. My reply was reactionary and unnecessarily aggressive. Sorry.
Han was likely also referring to stars, nebula, planets, asteroids, space stations, pretty much anything that exerts a gravitational force that could change the trajectory of the Falcon. I assume your numbers where calculated for a straight line, but as we saw in The Clone Wars, hyperspace routes are not always a straight line as a ship goes around a nebula in a path to avoid it. Also it is likely that in A New Hope, Han had the coordinates for Alderran program into the ship's computer, but needed to program the safest path to Alderran, which may not have been a straight path from their location near Tatooine.
And Kyle just simply denied the reason why would you make such maneuvers. Theres no chance you hit a star - its close to zero. Also when you travel faster than the light itself, your velocity excels by 1000000 times escape velocity of even the most massive stars. Which means you have to basically hit a celestial body DIRECTLY to be destroyed. Gravitation doesn't do almost anything to you if you use hyperspace travel.
two words - Black Holes
is that fetish porn?
In the clone wars it was confirmed that hitting a large rock like a planet in hyperspace ends poorly when the droid ships nav computer was sabotaged to calculate a path into the plaet below, entering hyperspace straight into the surface with rather disastrous effects. High level gravity wells of planet sized bodies seem to be the most dangerous to it, not impossible to navigate in legends at least, but incredibly likely to cause issues. This is why hyperlanes were mapped-as hyperspace was done via a series of jumps and hyperlanes were wide cannals of empty space that you could jump down, adjust, jump down, etc along major planet roots rather than sorta taking shorter but safer routes through less thoroughly mapped territory or more denseless populated territory.
Also, I'm pretty sure it has been established that large enough debris from a space battle could have negative effects on traveling through via Hyperspace. Sure, you have protection from atoms, but what about from that X-wing?
Hello Kyle
The space between stars/supernovas is very... empty
However, what about other space items/phenomena that could ruin your day, like black holes, comets, rogue planets, things of that nature.
Or would those still be included in your calculations?
Take Care and Be Well
Do remember that the Millenium Falcon was at the ruins of Alderaan. Tons of planetary matter could collide with the Falcon, jumping to hyperspace might destroy it. Plus Hyperspace lanes may be the safest areas to jump, not necessarily the only paths to go through
I was going to bring this up as well. Though, the explosion might or might not have pushed the individual bits further apart.
I am so happy I found this channel. Hands down one of the best on you tube.
Oops. I forgot to consider that..
It's amazing how a galaxy far far away is created right here on Earth . And creates universe of chaos
Never mind that. We got enough trauma from grandmaster drinking milk
Don't worry, you could just write it off as a marketing gimmick companies pushed after a freak hyperspace accident
@@gabbypolitsch9992 you know what I like that I think I'm gonna borrow that
You also forgot to consider time dilation, instant transmissions over thousands of light years, and the fact that humans can stand comfortably on almost every planet we see
You forgot to consider the effects of Murphy's Law in your calculations ;)
HORRIOR Krit Happens
If someone may dislike this comment, this will happen. :)
Brick One A Lego story
LOL
You won't believe, but just when I read your comment, I noticed I accidentally tapped the dislike button on the main comment _before_ that.
In a univere where anything that can go wrong, will go wrong and at the worst possible time...it's Better to be safe than sorry...
I have a bad feeling about this...
Never tell me the odds, Kyle!!
I think you mean CXCII, for this is your 192nd episode, not your 191st.
If you want evidence there are 177 official episodes on nerdist, 18 on this channel, making the total 195, subtract 3 for episodes that appeared on both, and you have a sum of 192, not 191. I spent hours looking for a scientific correction, than noticed this trivial detail, I am so happy!
Wow, you really have nothing else to do.
Can relate
@@faiscaarthur4257 Some of us nerds had nothing else to do in middle school decades ago and just read the 191 without looking anything up.
As for the other part...I subscribe but don't watch often or with enough attention to know how Hagen knew the number was wrong. Must be some kind of magic.
The Luke Skywalker impression at 4:18 is priceless!!! I miss these videos. LOL!
Always wondered why Han just didn't jump (let's say) 1,000 miles from where they were to a location, change their direction a few degrees (after looking out the window to make sure nothing was in their way) jump another thousand miles or so and repeat that process to lose the Imperials. Maybe that could be something for a future show. Can you make multiple unplanned warp jumps safely?
I think what Han was referring to is that when the ships detect a gravity well it jumps out of hyperspace and get destroyed. And due to the distances most ships go through to get to places stars are rather close due to relative movement.that is why the empire made the intradicter stardestroyer. Please let me be a super nerd.
Jump 1 lightyear - nobody will find you and you will hit nothing.
ABaumstumpf I was thinking it in some sort of Tesaract way like the one Carl Sagen described in the original Cosmos series. As even thinking of adding or subtracting one more dimension things change rather dramatically.
But this takes place “a long time ago in a galaxy far, far away”, so wouldn’t the universe be more dense at the time Han is making the jump? When is the earliest after the Big Bang that there could be an environment suitable for life, and what would be the density then (give or take a few million or so years)??
Nick Perri great point i agree, if this happens a really really long time ago then the universe would be denser because as we know that it keeps expanding with time and chances of hitting something would be higher (maybe just a bit though)
lets say the average star distance is just 1% of what it is now (which the universe had when it was way too young for any intelligent lifeforms to evolve) and you were travelling at 1 000 times the speed of light, you would still have several minutes before potentially coming close to anything - and there the chances of hitting anything would still be incredible low.
Jump for 1 minutes - done, you hit nothing.
Also the computer should be able to do its work after you jumped into hyperspace.
It would be no where near the ridiculous density that Kyle put in to make the near enough Kessel Run. It is a good point but he used stars larger than any in the visible universe of which some are from the earliest years of the big bang, So you are correct in thinking and have no problems with your statement but it still wouldn't matter.
@ABaumstumpf presumably you can't turn once you're in hyperspace... but nothing would stop you from going for a minute, then stopping to make a calculation.
To be fair "long long ago" in human terms is "yesterday" in galactic terms
New band name. The lonely atom boys. Nothing but parody songs for science. They're side splittingly funny. lol
BOOM -- KH
Crap, I just commented something similar before scrolling down. Of course I wouldn't have been the first to think of it ;_;
Great minds think alike. I find it happens to me a lot as well. lol
Full quote: “Great minds think alike, though fools seldom differ.”
Some important points that were neglected in this video...
1. traveling through Hyperspace requires fuel/energy for the drives of the ship making the journey.
2. the "Run up to Light Speed," is about moving the mass of the ship up to an energy state compatible with the transition from normal space to Hyperspace.
3. by the time a ship has completed its acceleration to the hyperspace threshold, the ship is going fast enough that a course correction would require a prohibitive amount of energy, be nearly impossible to perform accurately, and the stress of the maneuver at that speed would damage the ship.
-- these three points are important to consider for simple, logical reasons.
A. Cost. The investment in ship maintenance and consumables.
B. Safety. When entering or exiting Hyperspace, the ship is under a lot of stress. If the ship suffers any kind of system failure at the end of the "jump," the pilot does not want to be in the middle of empty space with no hope of rescue.
C. Logistics. The ship needs consumables, food, water, fuel, atmosphere, etc.
-- With these basic considerations, any trip will be planned to include places to stop for resupply, and to be close to some sort of possible emergency support.
To put it simply, the ship is intentionally going from the proximity of a star to the proximity of another star, at a high rate of speed. Stay in Hyperspace too long, and you run into the gravity well of the destination star. Come out too soon, and at the very least you get to spend more time and money just finishing the trip. Earth, AKA Sol-3 has numerous gravity wells sharing the same stellar system. A "jump" to Earth would need to be calculated carefully to make sure the ship would arrive on the correct side of Sol, and not clip any gravity wells on the approach.
A million people have said this already but:
- in Star Wars gravity fields violently pull you out of hyperspace. so hitting too deep of a gravity well counts as hitting an object.
- you need to do calculations to prevent colliding with your destination.
What if u are pulled from hyperspace due to black holes
Aditya Parab Black holes are just collapsed stars, right? So wouldn’t making the stars in the calculation larger than we know of, kinda cover black holes too? I don’t think it would change the conclusion very much.
Wouldn't you be fine though unless you crossed the event horizon of said black hole? Outside of that radius (Schwarzchild radius) you'd still have sufficient velocity not to be ripped out of hyperspace, but slipping into it would mean that you'd have to be travelling faster than the speed of light to escape and not be spaghetified? Guess it just depends on that critical radius. If it was significantly larger than a star then you might have an issue, but still probably not gonna hit anything!
black holes are incredibly rare, however they are a concern. for instance the kessel run, a smuggling route takes pilots incredibly close to a group of black holes called the maw.
fun fact when Han talks about making the kessel run he is also bragging about his ability to fly so close to the event horizon without crossing it.
A block hole posesses as much mass as the star it originates from, at least as long as it does not "consume" mass from other stars or planets. So this calculation kind of includes black holes.
That, or any sufficiently large gravity well. They cast "mass shadows" in hyperspace which can rip a vessel out of hyperspace. This can do serious damage to a starship, and at the very least, the ship will be momentarily disabled.
I think it's along the idea that large sources of gravity can possibly distort space time, and if your path directly crosses said item, that it might yank you out into a bad place. Like those warp dissapators on some legends destroyers that can break a hyperspace jump
you mean gravity wells? ;)
MehrumesDagon yes indeed, multiple sci-fi sources including star wars mention them.
Actually, in Cannon it is demonstrated that the Star Wars Galaxy is much more matter dense then our own Galaxy. For example, the star system that contains Geonosis is less than a parsec away from the star system that contains tattooine. And in Star Wars Legends, there are entire sections of the Galaxy essentially cut off from everywhere else because of large quantities of black holes.
However, with the equation that you use there is no way that the Star Wars Galaxies is even close to 1 millionth of a percent as dense as it would need to be for Han Solo's quotes to be true. So, you win this round buddy.
It's also established in the opening credits of literally every Star Wars movie ever that it was a long time ago. With an expanding universe, this means our own galaxy was more matter dense a long time ago. Assuming the galaxy far, far away has higher density at any random point than most galaxies currently have in their cores seems like a reasonable point to work from there, though. Also, with the fact that hyperspace is affected not by the physical size of a star, but by the size of its *gravity well* that 2000x our sun's radius estimate is also looking like a healthier average size of the area you don't want to be hitting with your jump. And when you have those figures in place, the distance at which you become incredibly likely to hit something becomes much shorter.
its a fail to assume the only thing you need to worry about is stars because even large asteroids could exert a small enough gravitional force to alter the trajectory, even if you change your angle by a single degree that could change your destination by millions of miles when traveling through lightyears or par secs, this means you need to account for planets, nebulas, superclusters, black holes, super novas, asteroid fields, other space ships, space debris, etc. any dedicated star wars fan knows that crashing into asteroids during hyperspace is indeed possible.
If I understand hyperspace travel in the Star Wars universe, hyperspace is a separate area of space that doesn't interact with real space. That is why they are able to travel such great distances.
So when he's saying you might hit something, I think he's referring to "landing" and "taking off." You don't want to launch into hyperspace when a large object directly in front of you (like the Holdo Maneuver)" and you don't want to come out of hyperspace all willy nilly, because you might re enter real space with a planet or star in front of you, or you might come out inside of a planet or something other than empty space.
Is it just me or do the music under the intro text crawl sound more like Back to the Future than Star Wars?
This pretty much proves the opposite. If you want to get anywhere, you'll have to make a precise calculation or you'll just end up in some empty void, out of the middle of nowhere.
Can you talk about how slip space works from halo
That would be cool.
Yassss
Yes please
It's a form of hyperspace, provided you don't agree with the definition of hyperspace discussed in this video. Hyperspace isn't a speed, it's a *space.* When you say you are travelling at 20c, you are travelling at *effectively* 20c (by ways a moving to a different space that circumvents laws to do that travelling).
The more common form of hyperspace is in fiction such as Warhammer, "warp" space, which the closest analogy we have would be branes in multiverse theory (Wikipedia will get you pretty far there). I'm not sure if there is any given explanation as to why you get places faster in other branes, but maybe physics isn't quite the same (so distances could be smaller or there could be a higher universal speed limit).
You also have Einstein-Rosen bridges, wormholes. Ditto on that.
Slipspace gets into string theory. The most popular form of string theory calls for 13 dimensions, where 9 of the dimensions are tightly wound up like a seashell - so tightly wound up that we can't even measure them (subspace). This is where I go out on a tangent of my own: if our 4 dimensions were more tightly wound than one (or some) others those would be equally as imperceptible (they may be larger than the observable universe, for example - a strong fictional explanation for the Higgs Field). Slipspace would be on one of these "superdimensions" and travelling along it would get you places faster - something like travelling through the Nether in Minecraft (but no Ghasts, hopefully).
Think of it this way. As you might know, the universe is always expanding. What would happen if you went back billions of years in time to where the universe was smaller and moved a *tiny* bit. Then you go back to your original time - you'd effectively move much further than you could have under the constraints of the speed of light. Slipspace is just another dimension, like time, that is easier to move about in.
Probably as clear as mud, but that's as layman as I can get it.
@zamalek
Hey, as far as I'm concerned you explained it very well. I unfortunately struggle to grasp things like this despite finding them immensely interesting, and so I'm always needing to read or watch a description of this kind of stuff that is more or less in layman's terms...that said, and while I still don't understand things such as String Theory, your explanation has helped me get closer to fully understanding it - and has helped me understand the video more easily.
I do have a question for you, though. What is a "Brane" in terms of Multiverse Theory? I've never come across that term before, and certainly not in relation to the Multiverse Theory.
Thank you, and great job on the explanation in your previous comment!
I feel that the idea behind this is when your exiting hyperspace your going to want to drop out near a planet because otherwise you'd have to then travel for ages just to get to the plannet I think the idea is that there is a chance that when you drop out a little of course you could end up in the planet instead of next to it
My only comment is that the end point of each run ends at planet or star and I always thought he was saying that you don't want to be guessing at your end point because being off by a little bit could cause you to crash into your destination. Cool topic.
I've always thought that the fear was never impacting something during Hyperspace, but rather when they exit hyperspace without the amount of distance necessary to avoid something. Much like we saw in The Force Awakens when they used hyperspace to fly through the shields of a planet without crashing into the planet. I think that was the true fear and in my opinion, seems much more plausible.
In star wars lore, objects create "mass shadows" in space. That's just the fictional explanation. I'd be curious to know how large of a mass shadow would be necessary
Clearly, if you assume that a long time ago, there was a far, far away galaxy with an average density higher than the current density of any known galaxy's core, it's safe to say that the mass shadow would have to be close to 2000x the radius of our sun in order to cause the kind of problem for hyperspace travel that Han Solo was suggesting.
In your opening crawl, you should've had a question mark at the end. Proper punctuation treats an ellipsis as another word in the sentence. So it should've ended with: ...?
Brian Arnold never mind that Kyle's opening crawl actually uses an ellipsis instead of the 'H' that's been misused since 1977... 😉
I think it’s “?...”; the sentence cap (.?!) goes before the ellipsis
According to thewritepractice.com, the punctuation should go after the ellipsis if it is ending a sentence. An argument can be made on the spacing, but there's no accepted universal standard of how to space the dots. Some sources think (...?) is fine, while others think it should be (... ?).
"A four-dot ellipsis is actually an ellipsis with a period at the end of it. It’s important to remember that you still should punctuate properly even if you’re using an ellipsis.
When using ellipses in conjunction with other punctuation, whether they be commas, semicolons, question marks, or exclamation points, treat the ellipsis as though it was just another word in the sentence."
Hey there, 1st-time commenter here.
Regarding hyperspace travel, it could be said that hyperspace speed is more a factor of compressing the spacetime between the stars where the stars' 'shadow' projects towards the center like if you had an orange and normal space was the rind of that orange and travel through hyperspace pushes you to a specific depth of that orange as you travel from point to point. That would make traversing from point to point more hazardous as there would be less space between the stars to navigate through.
While I understand what you meant about the stellar density, I think with the model I'm using that the apparent ability for stars and a supernova to ruin your day a lot more.
Thanks for your time, love the series.
That would depend on the specifics of how the 'Hyperspace jump' worked. In Star Wars, it is fantasy and magic inside a box. For a look at all the different varieties that Scifi authors thought up of, look at this page:
www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/fasterlight.php
That ending was so perfect. The best moment in The Force Awakens (the execution of the criminal Han Solo) combined with the hilariously overacted deaths of The Infinitely Boring War. Thank you Because Science for everything that you do to entertain us!
As has been established as canon through movies, books, and video games, the dangers of flying an unplotted hyperspace jump are hitting a gravity well and ending up in than unknown area.
1) The basic theory of hyperspace is that it is a nearby dimension that is close enough to our space that large gravity wells have an effect in it. One way this can be abused is by the Imperial Interdictor Cruiser, which has four massive gravity well generators that essentially lock down an area of space and prevent transit through via hyperspace or exit from the area via hyperspace. The Interdictor is placed in a hyperspace corridor for what is essentially a checkpoint in space. Obviously, large naturally occurring bodies, like moons, planets, stars, star systems, and black holes, et al, will have a similar effect.
When a ship traveling in hyperspace hits a gravity well like these, two things happen. First, the hyperdrive kicks the ship back into regular space, allowing the pilot to hopefully avoid the obstacle. Second, as a result of the first reaction, the hyperdrive of most ships will be scrambled, sometimes irreparably. Larger ships, with beefier hyperdrives, can handle this scrambling better than light ships.
2) Nav computers are capable of computing the motion of all celestial objects in the known galaxy and can use that to plot a hyperspace path. Small ships can’t support a nav computer, so astromech droids are used (like R2). But, for the most part, these computers use information gleaned from plotted and regularly traveled corridors and systems. When you jump blindly, you’re almost certain to jump to an unknown area of the galaxy, and then you’d better hope your sensors can grab enough data to precisely determine your location so you can get back to a safe place in the galaxy.
The calculation would change if you add other ships, planets, comets, and natural satellites right? I mean Kylo Ren's ship is smaller than a planet and still killed Admiral Holdo.
This ^
Still, the chance are astronomically small though, so stil practically 0% (remember, we can combine all of the mass beside the sun here in the solar system, and it wouldn't even be close to it mass.)
I was thinking the same
You forget an important factor. Murphy's Law ;)
with @matterBeam 's explanation of particles and the wake it could perform, the potential "size" or warp signature, if you will, of these celestial objects would be much larger. This was you can avoid stripping an atmosphere away from a planet by passing "close" to it, relativity speaking ;)
Does the mean free path take into consideration the size of the travelling particle. It looked like the formula assumed these particles to be identical to the ship making millenium falcon a star-sized ship not very convenient for smuggling.
I'll talk about this in Footnotes! -- KH
what about wandering black holes? Rogue Stars or dead planets thrown from their orbits, as we learn sometimes happen, or other forms of obstacles, even their own space debris, with how many battles the galaxy a far far away has seen, unless they hav a dedicated clean up crew, that's a lot of stuff around even known hyperspace routes to navigate.
5:40 Uh, that's Mean Free Path, as in the average path that's free of obstacles; not an angry pathway that you don't have to pay for.
8:00 OK, you said it right after this.
Ok lol so umm 3 things, I think. I’ll try to condense. Based on both movies and the books; 1: hyperspace isn’t light speed it is a hyper jump through “space”. It works like bending space or rather bending our interaction with space. If you jump from let’s say courasant to Endor. You aren’t traversing all of space in between, you are traversing the hyperspace in between. Look at it like this, think of a tunnel from where u are to where u want to go. All of the celestial bodies within a certain distance between those 2 points have gravity and want to pull your tunnel to them the closer your tunnel is the more force. Hence plotting a course is very important. 2: fuel is a huge factor, unless you are empire or very very rich. Using these gravity wells can lengthen or shorten the trip by great amounts. 3: if you have a destination chances are there are other planets and or shipping lanes with other ships. Planets also create gravimetric distortions in a hyperspace tunnel and if not calculated in can cause you to and up in their sun or way off target. In one book with Lando flying the Falcon, he flew through a binary star system and was sling shotted into the path of a comet due to the planets throwing him off course and the pull of the comets mass as it flew by a planet or some such technical blather lol. So ya plotting a course is extremely important.
Have you taken a look at swgalaxymap.com? It shows exactly how tightly packed the various systems are to each other. Not sure how much of a difference there is between your math and what the map suggests.
Each grid square is 1500 parsecs wide... the 'closeness' of the stars is an illusion.
Considering the asteroid field we see in Empire, everything appears to be a lot closer than in our universe. Although there could be other possible explanations.
I’m REALLY disappointed that the opening crawl wasn’t done in hand written marker. Great vid after that though!
That is a custom font painstakingly built from my own handwriting, so let's call it even -- KH
Because Science That’s so rad! I’d love to download it... And use it for nefarious means.
What about planet's, black holes, large asteroids, other ships,ect... wouldn't those things increase the density of things you wouldn't want to hit?
I always saw the asteroid field as evidence that the galaxy far far away is just really dense and everything is a lot closer together than our own galaxy. This also helps explain how lightspeed actually gets you to different places in the galaxy at a reasonable time
Something that might be worth adding is that the Millennium Falcon can't even be scanning for real time debris. Not only would it be impossible given the speed of light, but they prove the don't scan that far ahead when Solo (while looking at his instrument panel) thinks the destroyed Alderon is an asteroid field. That seems to imply their measurements rely on known star charts. So their probability of hitting a relatively large asteroid would be the same as a blind shot. That brings their calculated course failure above 0% and closer to our measurements. Also, Love your show!
Is it possible that the calculations needed are more for exactly where you emerge from hyperspace? We can assume that you're usually trying to arrive in a star system, to visit a planet. If your exit coordinates are not properly calculated, is it possible you could end up emerging far too close to the star the planet you're visiting is orbiting around? Imagine you're playing Elite Dangerous and recall what you see when you come out of interstellar frame shift. Suddenly, there's a big star filling most of your field of vision. If you're not careful, perhaps exiting hyperspace could put you so close to a star that no amount of thrust could help you escape.
Plausible? Or am I just talking out my butt?
Also, you didn't catch on fire when you got stabbed by your lightsaber. How dare you.
That, or just pop out in the middle of nowhere with nothing around for light years on end.
Even at those odds... I really don't want to hit a Relativistic Porg during a blind jump... BECAUSE SCIENCE!!! WAA HAAAA!
But seriously, what if we change those calculations to include not just massive objects like Stars, but also planets, astroids, all the way down to rocks the size of porgs?
Let's ignore partials and stuff because... you know... then the odds are 100%
If you added planets, asteroids and rocks the size of your fingernail, i'd doubt it'd even go to 1% with all matter around a solar system/ outside of one. If of course you start getting to tiny hydrogen atoms or something like that, Obviously as he said at the beginning it'd be 100%
if your on a ship traveling faster then light then you don't need to worry about hitting normal matter while traveling it's only where you stop that's the problem. stopping on an object 1/10th the size of your ship or smaller might be survivable as long as nothing important is damaged.
So... Using this, the density of stuff in the universe is effectively zero.
Therefore, you are a lone brain talking to oneself in abject solitary loneliness...
HT to Douglas Adams.
What is so interesting to me about this is the term hyperspace. Instead of the ships accelerating to the speed of light what if the ships warp space around them in such a way that they can travel along Euclidean geodesics (straight lines) within compressed space. This would be analogous to crumpling a sheet of paper so from your perspective the ends of the paper have a shorter “straight line” distance from one another. With this hypothesis you would not need to worry about relativistic speed. However there are probably a lot of other problems to worry about. Btw Kyle love the show!
Yeah, they also said that Titanic is unsinkable. And it sunk.
This is great video and interesting topic
How does your brain / eyes work at this speed? Heck how can a computer even work at these speeds? Wouldn’t sensor data simply be too far outdated to for a person or computer to make any adjustments in flight? I know you can plan ahead but you can’t plan ahead for things you don’t know and by the time you know it’s too late isn’t it?
Brian Kirsch you can work normally and your computer moving with you also can, but you and your computer can't get any information from the exterior. So it wouldn't be able to calculate anything
I think the calculations are made BEFORE jumping to hyperspace. Your computer has a map of the galaxy and adjusts your path based on that so you don't hit anything.
Its called practice??
You're right about this, the navicomputer knows every location of the galaxy and it is what calculates the jump to hyperspace. It is updated each time you land on a civilized planet for refueling.
professional baseball player says that they can't really see the ball, the just look at the thrower (?) -I'm don't know the terms-, hands, posture and predict where and how the ball might be throw, and they swing the bat before the throw is make. Just to say that you don't have to keep track of everything at all time, to success.
Don't get cocky Kyle!
Sorry, had to get an early comment in while I have the chance and leave the smart comments for the smarter people.
I'm sure he reads all the early comments.
Matter Beam oh I'm sure.
Wait, wait, is "Kessel Run" an officially-recognized scientific unit? What's it's definition? I'd hope not 12.00 pc. It was clearly somewhere between 12.5 and 13.0 pc, as evidenced by him saying "Not if you round down!" to Chewie, who can be assumed to say something like "it was 13 parsecs".
I just want to point out that the standard kessel run was 18 parsecs, sure skilled pilots could navigate it within a shorter distance (like han with 11.5) but they should be considered outliers compared to the majority of other smugglers who would make it in about 18.
is this the weird redcon bullshit disney tries to explain away Lucas unability to use the term correctly with?
And how about star destroyers, some other big ships or strangely shaped space stations??
did factor in the chance of plants can hit you?
SPACE PLANTS -- KH
Planets are immensely smaller than stars so I don’t think it would change the equation much
The Falcon could hit Groot onboard of the Milano.
Planets are also mostly hanging out near stars, so if you're hitting a planet, you're having a near-miss with a star.
Wait, but if you're going the speed of light, and therefore do not feel time, you won't know when to stop and will just keep going, traveling an essentially infinite distance, making collision with a star or planet like 99.999...% likely.
Boom
you aren't going the speed of light, in hyperspace, (a higher dimension) lightspeed is higher than ours. so they don't reach lightspeed in that dimension.
So if you did not experience the effects of time during a livhtspeed jump, would you rapid age when you exit and return to normal speed? Or would you just be younger than the poeple who did not travel at light speed and experienced time normally?
Wait, so if hyperspace is a higher dimension, couldn't there simply be nothing to run into? I'm assuming that if physics still has to function normally, than we can postulate that travel in hyperspace makes everything massless, making all collision nullified, meaning our only problem would be on reentering standard space, upon which, due to our end position, we way displace or overlap existing matter, which may lead to extreme density or acceleration that could result in vaporization.
Boom
Franklin Gauthier-Parker lets just stay on earth for the time being. It seems like whenever we try to go into space...
Boom
Agreed, I'll stick to bioengineering
Few points
Star Wars lore (both old and new) shows that it is much more densely occupied by objects than our own. Including multiple massive black holes. Also hyperspace lanes are not straight due to this extreme density of objects and the need to avoid high gravity.
Hyperspace jumps can be stopped by high gravity, meaning that even if you don't directly hit something traveling to close could cause problems and be deadly.
He was talking about jumping from one system to another meaning that there would be a greater value of objects to interact with at both ends.
"Between the sun, and the last planet Neptune."
After all this time... it still hurts.
Would you drink a glass of alien milk like how Luke did in The Last Jedi for 1,000 dollars?
A sad, strange little man yes if I dont get food poisoning
For that amount of money I would drink it, make cheese out of it and eat it, and maybe bake something with it.
If it would be considered safe for consumption, why not? I'd try it for free just for the sake of trying, but I accept the 10k, thanks. :D
Only if it actually killed me so I can stop living in a world where Last Jedi and Soylo exist.
For 10000 I'd suck it straight out of a cows utters.
The last planet neptune? HOW DARE YOU! I THOUGHT YOU WERE A MAN OF COMPASSION. #VIVALAPLUTO
Mathew Robson He definitely lost some cool points there, *hugs Pluto* it's okay buddy, we still love you
I mean, it's a science show. I love Pluto too, but it's not a planet. -- KH
Isn't Pluto a dwarf planet? That implies some degree of "planetship". Even if it is only a subset.
#PlanetsHaveFeelingsToo
Don't tell me about the chances. You are not C-3po.
K2so: what?
@@NoCluYT The conversation goes something like this; C-3PO tells Han the odds of passing through an asteroid belt successfully and Han replies, don't tell me the odds.
I think that the gravitation of the stars will most likely change those numbers quite a bit and also the things that can be lethal in this case are much more numerous than just stars
Yes, let's take Larry Niven's view that we want to avoid the "gravity wells", assume the Sun influences and has halo of matter out to about a light year and rerun the calculation. .02 stars per cubic light year, so 1 / (.02 * 3 ) since r^2 is 1 gives 17 light-years and *smack* !!!!
The thing to worry about with hyperspace is mass shadows, stars and supernovas are the worst, but anything with mass can cause problems, the more the worse with catastrophe popping up once you hit something with greater than 30% the mass of your ship, even just going through a nebula can be a problem, because A. There's the risk of it being a stellar nursery, and B. Even if there is nothing in there big enough to mess up your ship an other concern is a mass shadow pulling you wildly off course, sort of Lost in Space, sort of deal but with less time travel, and more dimension hopping, which is not a fun time. There is also the obligatory sci fi star whales, which can jump to hyperspace, and there are apparently enough of there is a realistic chance of careening into one fast enough that the resultant explosion can render a few light years of space into a hyperspace mine field, which only gets worse once other ships hit it, fortunately the routes that these space whales travel is relatively common knowledge, and most navicomputers plot around them
So, we're not going to mention Han's "Kessel Run in UNDER 12 Parsecs" statement?
H.R. Tucker
Heh. It’s funny. It was supposed to be a bs statement that obi wan could see through but luke didn’t, but then legends decided “naw, let’s make it a thing”
Yep. Once it became a thing, the commonly accepted context was that he plotted a much shorter rather than safer route through it.
Wait for the release of Solo
They fixed it in Solo
I think in lore there 2 paths that can be taken in a run. One that 12 parchectes, and one that is a lot shorter, but require you to fly by a couple black holes. Another way to say how badass he is. Like the fact that hon shot first. If they ruin it in Solo, so many people are going to be pissed.
Is star wars not classified as science fantasy?
Functionally it is science fantasy but it has always been referred to as science fiction. the youtube channel ExtraCredits has done a very good video on the difference between the two.
I joke a heard is What's the difference between Sci Fi and Fantasy?
Sci Fi will explain how the clock works and Fantasy will tell you the time.
it is a sci-fi (science fiction)
But it isn't, People like kyle try to help it towards Sci-fi but independent of external influences Star Wars is a science fantasy
nice one
A few things I have questions on these scenes, 1st when you see space craft arrive they just appear out of no where. Would you be able to see them coming? Another issue is u see the ships arrive and are right next to ships that are already in the area.Say you do a precise calculation on arriving at a planet destination, What if it is a highly populated space full of craft and you just arrive. wouldn't this become a major issue? How far away should you arrive and then come in kind of like ships in a harbor? Third What kind of calculations would you have to make to get to a destination. Considering all large masses will alter your path in some way and over a long distance each change will have major effect on final destination. Wouldn't you have to consider every stellar large mass object in a certain vicinity? Wouldn't hyper speed have to alter space to be able to travel faster than light? How could you figure what say a neutron stars gravitational force affect would be on the space that is altered for hyper speed? And as for Han Solo taking time to calculate his destinations and the fact that actual laser battles would not likely be missing every shot like the movies, then every shot would mean certain or near certain death vs a small change of death. Get me the hell out of there asap.
8:39 - the asteroid field in Empire was actually amazingly *easy* to successfully navigate, according to C3PO. He said, "The odds of successfully navigating an asteroid field are approximately 3,720:1!" He didn't say "the odds against," he said "the odds *of*"!
Unfortunately, there is also the threat of any large gravity Wells that would pull you out of hyperspace..
Very nice and I agree completely. But one case that wasn't taken into consideration is how close you are to a large object like a sun or a planet. If you are on the ground of a planet and randomly choose a direction then I'd say you have a relatively large (around 50%) chance of picking a random direction in which you would hit the planet (depending on the curvature of the planet). As you move farther away, then this number would be lower and lower but still relatively large compared to that of the probability of hitting random stuff from random points in space.
You could even calculate this with chords of a circle representing the diameter of a sun or planet, and based off of how large the chord is (how close you are to the body) then the arc length of the section of that chord divided by the full circle arc length would give you the probability of hitting the planet or sun that you are close to.
The video makes sense in that if you randomly pick a point to spawn in in our universe, and draw a circles around it with chords representing the diameters of the planets and suns, then the chords would be so small, their arc lengths divided by the circumference would turn out to be insignificant; thus 0%.
So if Hanny Boy was in fact close to a sun or planet, he might have had a good chance of hitting that one object.... :D
saw a comic once talking about a guy who made a teleporting ship. had the odds of landing in a galaxy, the odds of landing in a solar system, the odds of landing near a planet, the odds that planet had breathable air, the odds that you didnt ram into anything, and a couple others. ended up being 1 in 10000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000. but he did it.
then the 1 in 2 hes right side up kicked in and his ship crushed him flat
So... correct me if im wrong... but... the faster you move closer to the speed of light... the heavier you become relative to your surroundings without changing your mass making you denser... isnt it theoretically possible that.. moving that fast for long enough could make you kind of like a black hole, where you become so heavy and dense that if you were to just jump to a random point in space that you would or could bring a bunch of space debris with you and that is the danger of picking a random point in space. Its not the act of crashing into anything. But its the act of dragging so many things with you along the way that by the end of your journey when you stop, you would have brought so many things with you that you would cause destruction in your wake.
Based upon Star Wars Rebel explanation of the Interdictor cruisers, strong gravity wells can pull a ship out of hyperspace. It is not actual collision with a star or supernova that you need to fear in hyperspace. It is getting close enough to their gravity wells to be pulled out of hyperspace. If Hyperspace uses something like a warp field to bend space in order to break the speed limits, then other forces which bend space could destabilize your warp field making hyperspace travel impossible.
I feel there’s more consideration of knowing where you’ll end up then obstacles. Random jumps could land you in a location where your hyperspace calculating ‘puter wouldn’t know what to do (aka Katana Fleet).
All this does is make those "gripes", "plot holes" against The Last Jedi seem (well, I say "seem", they actually "are") trivial. Brilliant video as always.
although if your travling at hyperspeed you have gotta be accurate with your aim to a certian target. if you were off by a few centimeters you be really far off course assuming you went in a 'straight-line"
Hyperlanes correspond to vectors that intersect routes leading to spatial objects with high mass and energy. Additionally their termination points would exponentially increase like a funnel the closer to a high mass object. Effectively the linear distance component would have a near zero probability of encountering anything. The asymptotic part of the vector would correspond to the proximity to an object of interest which usually corresponds to spatial objects of high mass/energy such as planets stars and nebulae. It is roughly analagous to a marble rolling on a pincushion style leather sofa. As long as the marble does not encounter any pincushion depressions it will not stop. It is however difficult to negotiate past all of the pincushion depressions to reach the end of the sofa without the marble being caught in one of the depressions.
The need for hyperspace calculations or some level of engineering forethought has been prevalent in many science fiction scenarios. Although I doubt that hyperspace or 'underspace' subspace or transdimensional travel is feasible, using the expansionary spatial energy and or dark energy [if somehow understood] may be possible despite the enormous energy and radiation consequences of use. In the Stargate universe there is only one Stargate allowed on a massive spatial body precisely because of the extreme difference in gradient between the travelling component and the termination vector. Over 10,s of thousands of light years the 'stream' encounters virtually no mass or energy and then must terminate within an enormously small fraction of that distance with a curve at least as exponential as the inverse square law as it encounters mass. Additionally, the hyperspatial speed is many orders of magnitude above light speed if not instant. In Battlestar Galactica and indeed in Dune semi-sentient specialized ship computers are needed to safely and effectively travel using both the transdimensional and normal space time.
As well Christopher Hornback brings up some relevant points. I forgot to mention that hyperspatial travel effectively uses a hypothesized transdimensional or n+x d [4+ 1=5 ] field or fictional subspace. The geometry of higher transdimensional spaces could be very complex and may either preferentially terminate in a high mass energy source or geometrically correspond to a lower probability of encountering a high matter source. I guess without precisely knowing the fictional theorey that describes the geometry of the traveling space as well as the simple vector analysis of the navigation route then the assertion that any navigational solution will correspond to probablistic chance variation in a normal distributed phase space corresponding to the galaxy is wrong. ..and yes I gave my comment a thumbs up.
It would also depend on what source you are looking at. In "New Hope," Han only mentions big things like stars and presumably planets, to include their gravity well. Other sources would be much smaller, like artificial mass shadows projected by certain Imperial ships, or even piling up asteroids in predicted hyperspace routes. Those never made much sense to me since the odds of encountering a mass even roughly equal to the Falcon would be much grater than stars, etc., and would probably make hyperspace travel impossible.
Also some of the material said that the jump actually put the ship in an alternate dimension where time and distance were different than in "real space." There was even an published adventure that would make an interesting movie where the characters' ship had a hyperdrive failure and ended up in another "real space." That one had some rather hostile life forms in it.
I think the problem isn't physically interacting with stellar mass in realspace, but bouncing too close to the mass shadows of stellar masses in hyperspace. These mass shadows extend much further in hyperspace than the associated gravity well does in realspace, which in technobabble is probably a function of how hyperspace works and the speeds at which craft travel. It's why Interdictor cruisers can project a strong gravity well in realspace which then prevents craft from fleeing an entire system.
This is why Solo mentions the distance rather than time regarding the Kessel Run, an area dominated by multiple large and in-close proximity black holes. Navigating a path through at speed requires much more precision due to the way mass shadows work. My guess is that tidal forces are magnified in hyperspace, both due to the peculiarities of how hyperspace works and the speeds involved.
I believe there are lore examples of craft being lost forever in hyperspace, as well as examples of ships exiting hyperspace after being ripped apart by mass shadows.
Nice, nur ive got 1 Thing to mention: when using hyperspace you want top travel Close to your Destination. If you overshoot a little while aming at your desired target you die, or Break too early and you might have to travel for serveral days.