One of the biggest differences between American and Japanese crews was the Americans' almost superhuman damage control skills. More than one Japanese carrier was lost because of poor damage control. By contrast, look at the miracle of the USS Franklin.
Even better was Yorktown. The Japanese carriers thought they sunk her three times; twice in one day. She was being readied for towing to Pearl when a sub torpedoed her and the attending destroyer for the kill.
I spent 25 years in the USN, retiring in 2014. Damage control is still an integral part of the USN with every crewmember on the ship being trained in firefighting and all other aspects of damage control. If your ship is damaged there in no where to run. You either fix it or you go down, it is that simple.
My Dad and his friend Jerry were on duty in the control room of the Redfish and were about to get off duty when Jerry made one more sweep of the periscope. Jerry spotted the Unryu during his sweep. Captain McGregor then launched his torpedoes. After sinking the Unryu the Captain rested the Redfish on the bottom to avoid all the attacks from the Japanese with depth charges. The Redfish became stuck in the mud on the bottom. The eventual solution to get the sub off the bottom was to alternate blowing of the ballast tanks. This action saved the Redfish from an eternal fate...
Another thing that amazes me was the insistence on high ranking officers going down with the ship "in disgrace". While I understand that their emphasis on "honor" was the explanation, by doing this they're continually depriving their navy of its most experienced officers, decreasing overall competence of their navy.
The Japanese had an excess of planes, and a big shortage of fully trained pilots. They had basically no reserves for the lost carrier pilots. The rise of the kamikaze wasn't so much "self sabotage" as it was a desperate act to continue the conflict.
@n4lra1 HAI ! = shark in 🇫🇮. Read the Hara book in FINNISH just as soon as it was translated to our language in 1977. I was just a juvenile. But probably had spent my previous life in either or both sides of the Pac War. YAMATO DAMASHII = HAKKAA PÄÄLLE 🇫🇮
@@sulevisydanmaa9981 Most Americans get a surprise when they order Taco at a Japanese restaurant. The TACO we are most familiar with is the Mexican Taco which is small folded cornmeal pancake stuffed with some meat and vegetables. Taco is octopus in Japanese.🙂
In 1959 in Yokosuka Japan I was allowed aboard the USS Red Fish 395 as the Sub sailed out in Tokyo Bay to fire Water slugs to check repairs then surfaced and return to the pier. I still have the card i got from the exec.
Given that fact that Shigure was repeatedly "the only survivor" of several naval battles, logic dictates that the Unryu naval group should not have welcomed it as joyously as they had.
Matsu class destroyers were sort of akin to destroyer escorts. Compared to fleet destroyers, they were less heavily armed with guns, a bit smaller, slower (but faster than a surfaced US submarine), and equipped for anti-submarine and escort work. Their 5"/40 DP guns didn't have the kind of director needed for high angle AA use, and while a lot of 25 mm cannon were carried, these were not very effective for AA.
Cover photo is Hiryu at Midway. Unryu's island (bridge) was on the starboard (right) side of the ship. The only ship of comparable size with her island on the port (left) side was Hiryu. The side of the ship is determined by standing on the deck, facing the bow; right is starboard, left is port.
@@BlitzenSpeaks You seem to know a lot of carriers. You are likely kidding and already know that an island on a carrier was, I believe, a raised bridge superstucture usually on one side or the other of the flight deck and extending up a few stories high. If you were not kidding, go back and look at the pretty pictures of their carriers in the video itself. Cvls, your term, I assume were the smaller, "baby" aircraft carriers. Just a guess. Many of those Japanese carriers had no island. Why, I don't know. Enlightenment, please.
The Shigure’s extraordinary survivals in previous battles were all under the same captain. That captain was promoted, and the Shigure went into battle with a new captain and was sunk.
In 1900, Japan didn't have any university that could train engineers - gear designers, gear builders, i-beam designs, etc. They had no shipyards capable of working on metal-hulled ships. Those would appearing in 1910 and only in the '20s was Japan producing a few steel hulled ships. Coal-fire steel plants were still overwhelmed by demand. When Pearl Harbor was attacked, Japan's civilian shipping needs were over 9-million tons but they only had 2 million. They rented the other 7 million tons of shipping from the USA, Britain and the Dutch. All three of their enemies as of December 7th. "We'll confiscate those, then" was their idea, and they never did. With military demands, they never produced even a million ship-tons for civilian use, and only 'commandeered' a bit over 1 mil. This is why Japan was starving - they did it themselves.
Japan's biggest mistake was not taking Midway during the Pearl Harbor operation and throwing everything in early.......no use for Yamato and Musashi to be wasted and Shinano to be built as a carrier tender. Kurita had the best chance at Samar but lost his nerve.......carriers were nothing but bait then thanks to air battles like the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot......Japan had to win in a year or no chance whatsoever.
Its always astonishing how long a 5 to 8 symbol name expands to when translated. But I guess that the names of American vessels were equally odd to Japanese speakers.
They completely understood the US Battleship and Cruiser naming conventions. The States and Cities approach was very similar to the Japanese Battleship and Carrier name conventions. Which were named for places in Japan. (Yamato meant “The whole of Japan” and was basically the same idea as the “USS America”). Submarine names being fish made complete sense to them. They kind of liked that. But The US Carrier naming conventions however drove them nuts. The US’s habit of naming new Carriers after ones that had been sunk, sometimes just months or weeks later drove Japanese Naval intelligence insane. Why was the Yorktown back? How was the Yorktown back? And Lexington! And naming Carriers after famous American battles was fine for Saratoga and Lexington. But naming them for Japanese losses while the war was going on, and getting them to sea was just rubbing their noses in it. And then there was USS Shangri La. Which drove them round the bend. Shangri La is a fictional city in Asia from the 1939 James Hilton novel Lost Horizon. But in the context of WW2, in April 1942 a flight of American B25 Land Based Medium Bombers were launched from the aircraft carrier USS Hornet, escorted by Enterprise, and bombed Tokyo. The first foreign attack to hit Japanese soil in over 1000 years. When US President Roosevelt announced the attack to the American people that night, he declared the bombers had launched from “Shangri La”. The US would keep quiet about the true means of the attack until the 2 Carriers were safely away from Japan. So President Roosevelt had declared Shangri La was used to attack Japan. And now 2 years later Japanese Intelligence sources were reporting that this made up nonsense name was once again moving around the Pacific and bombing Japanese targets. They never quite grasped that USS Shangri La was named for the Doolittle Raid.
Crazy fast IJN destroyers, loaded up with 15 Long Lance Torpedos, Mines, depth charges, six five inch min guns, and two dozen 25mm. Were she and Yukakaze ( The Luck Vampire of the Yamato Trifecta), elite ships, or just lucky with great officers and crew?
Fun fact…the British taught the Japanese how to construct a carrier in a way that would allow a tall bridge to be built on one side of the ship. It turned out to be a good thing for Britain. Churchill was pleading with Roosevelt to enter the war against Germany but there was a strong isolationist movement in the US. That all ended with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor which wouldn’t have been possible without aircraft carriers!
Funfact, the British had broken the Japanese Naval Code and knew the attack was coming against Pearl Harbor, but said nothing to their US contacts because it would have signaled to the Japanese that their code was compromised.
I think I've heard of this carrier in Japanese secret planes and how the carrier was sunk by a USS SUB, thus thwarting their experimental aircrafts at sea.
“Okas” were suicide glide bombs that was steered by a pilot and dropped from a plane. It was part of Japan’s desperate attempt to sink more American ships.
Weren't some of these giant carriers originally giant BB hulls? Wasn't some of the Montana class hulls used for CVs instead? I remember reading it or seeing something about that in a doco somewhere. That would be a very interesting video. Hulls that started life as BBs etc and ended their careers as CVs.
The only US Carriers built on Battleship, well technically Battlecruiser hulls were CV-2 Lexington and CV-3 Saratoga. Lexington was lost at Coral Sea, Saratoga fought the entire war. Their Japanese counterparts were Akagi (Battle Cruiser hull) and Kaga (Battleship). These 4 were all converted due to a loophole of the Washington Naval treaty that allowed a certain tonnage of under construction ships to be converted to carriers, rather than being scrapped. The Montana’s relationship to carriers is a little more subtle. No steel was ever laid for the Montana’s. In 1942 Congress approved both the Montana class Battleships and the Midway class carriers. At the time the US only had 3 graving docks big enough to build such monstrous ships. Estimates said each Montana would need 7 years to be built. Whereas the Midways could be finished in just under 3 years. That meant the Montana’s would be unlikely to see service in the war. And the Navy was hesitant at tying up their biggest shipyards for 7 years. The result was the Midway’s were ordered to be built first. The contract for the Montana’s was still on the books when the war ended (just as the first three Midway’s were arriving.) As the US had a surplus of barely used Battleships they saw no need for the Montana’s and the contract was cancelled. As were the next batch of 2 Midway’s. The Midway follow up Carrier the monstrous United States was scrapped in the slipway in the late 40’s due to how fast carriers were evolving. These would be the last Straight Deck carriers. Development had already begun on the USS Forrestal, the first modern purpose built Super Carrier. The British had 4 Battlecruiser conversion Carriers as well. (Also artifacts of the Washington Naval treaty) Only one of which survived the war. HMS Eagle, and the three Courageous Class carriers. Courageous, Glorious and Furious. Only Furious survived the war. Mostly by stint of being the oldest and least combat capable, she was the designated training carrier and frequent plane ferry. The only other major conversion was the Shinano. Which was a monstrous “utility carrier” built on the hull of the incomplete third Yamato Battleship. The fact that Japan did not plan to use her as a fleet carrier, and instead intended her to be a mobile warehouse of spare aircraft and repair facility for the fleet carriers tells you that she was an awful carrier conversion. There’s not a lot of info on her. And she was sunk 10 days after she was launched, while being moved to a different shipyard. Like Unryu she was also carrying a load of Ohka “Baka Bombs” in her hanger when she went down.
@@andrewtaylor940 Wow! Thank you for that interesting information. That is fascinating. I knew they were out there, I just had no idea who, when and where, and my memory failed me. I hope someone makes a video on all these 'planned as one thing but necessity decided otherwise' boats. Its an insight how needs change as fast as a situation does....and how you work a gigantic multi year project around that.
@@VincentNajger1 Actually all of those carrier conversions, except the Shinano, happened in the 1920’s. The needs there was the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty, that sought to limit the ongoing naval arms race, by restricting ship tonnage and types. Other than Shinano most “needs” type conversions that occurred during or in the run up to the war involved building carriers on merchant hulls. What we know as the Escort Carriers. A British idea that the US Navy took and ran with. Cheap slow quick to build carriers to be used to close the mid Atlantic Gap from submarines, ferry aircraft and support landings without tying up the fleet carriers. The Japanese also created a number of “Half Deck Carriers” on Cruisers, such as the badly damaged Mogami. But people often misunderstand what those were. Japanese Doctrine was to avoid using Carrier aircraft for scouting. They didn’t want to weaken their offensive strike. Instead scouting was to be done by the float planes from the Carriers escorting cruisers. The half deck carrier cruisers just sacrificed the rear turrets to instead carry a much larger contingent of scout float planes.
@andrewtaylor940 Thank-you for taking me back to my grade-school library, 6th grade. Won't say how long ago that was, but I could've called Joe Foss or David McCampbell on the phone, if it had occurred to me.
It was written in the stars from the get-go that The Allies *must* emerge victorious. Thank you, and thank God for The Greatest Generation and our storied leaders!
I wonder if the US could have beat the IJN had the Japanese invested in submarines, aircraft and aircraft carriers instead of their super-battleships? I wonder if nostalgia plays a role in those kinds of decisions. I remember this story as a sub movie from the 1950's.
@@gotanon9659 My question indicated less certainty of Japan's defeat than intended. We would have had nukes in 1945, Japan was resource poor, no way they could have prevailed.
No Japan and the axis powers fate was sealed as soon as we entered the war our industrial capacity is unmatched they could never compete look how much material we put out during the war the numbers are mind boggling
After Midway it’s just a matter of (shorter) time. Japan needed a crash program of carrier construction and pilot training. Not being free to conduct carrier work ups due to USN submarine activity made even this Hail Mary impossible.
Adm Ozawa called off carrier-landing training after more than half of the trainees crashed on first attempts. That's why these carriers were emptied - Ozawa calculated he should save all pilots to be land-based kamikazes, instead.
@@GLGolden55 Yes early on, too many hit targets with no consequences. How the US Navy did not know how poor their torpedoes were before the war was inexcusable. Took a long time to even recognize the problem thus delaying the fix for a very long time
@@WilliamMurphy-uv9pm FDR was facing a divided country recovering from the Depression, with the Lindbergh-fronted American First faction refusing to engage, and Ford and other industrialists doing business in Germany. The Navy was not allowed to prepare, so we and the Brits were basically using WW1 era tech while Japan and Germany were advancing theirs. If no Pearl Harbor, who knows what would have happened?
All saved crew members likely lived with the embarrassment for the rest of their lives and many ended those lives by ritual or simple suicide far too early.
People use the word 'decimated' to describe something almost totally destroyed. Which to me is strange considering that to decimate a Roman Legion was to kill one in ten men. While that is bad of course it is a relatively small amount, one tenth. Hardly destroyed. I would just use a different word.
I believe that the Japanese Navel didn't bother to design a carrier to survived combat attack from the enemy. No protection for the bombs, fuels and so on.
Loss was mourned universally?? Sorry that is wrong. You could say the loss was mourned within the task force, or the Japanese homeland. But to everyone outside Japan, the loss of this carrier and all the people lost was time for another celebration and party. It may sound cruel to say that, but it's a more honest statement for a time of war.
Don't forget that America dropped two "Atomic bombs" on Japan. Those two Atomic bombs forced Japan to surrender. Unfortunately Japan forced America to drop the second Atomic bomb...which forced Japan to surrender. It's sad that they forced America to drop the second Atomic bomb.
I wouldn't say forced. We had a choice, although I would not have wanted to be the POTUS making that choice. The choice to drop the second bomb was the lesser of the two evils. First, invade mainland Japan, which would cost up to a 2 million deaths, both civilian and allied troops. The first Atomic bomb was dropped on Aug 6, 1945. The Soviets declared war on Japan, Aug 8, 1945. Japan was being strangled from two fronts, the Americans from the sea, air, the Soviets in Manchuria. The second bomb dropped on Aug 9, 1945. Japans Air power was reduced to almost nothing as planes, pilots, fuel was unavailable. In the end, America did not want the USSR to have any influence or territory of Japan. All these things went into the decision to drop the second bomb. Japan surrendered Aug 15, 1945 and this kept the USSR out of Japan. We avoided what happened to Germany post WW2.
@@marcusanton95 The USSR couldnt take any Mainland territory anyway the Soviets barely have a Navy and The splitting of germany was already set in stone long before any allied and soviet ground forces step foot in germany proper
You are incorrect on your statement on the Wasp. She had six torpedos fired at her, of which three struck one right after the other. Since she was designed with no armor belt or torpedo blisters, the Type 93 Longlance torpedoes, each of which carries a warhead over half a ton, wreaked havoc. They struck her magazines and av-gas fuel tanks. She was doomed from the start. No amount of skilled damage control could have saved her. USS Lexington was hit by two bombs and five torpedoes. One bomb penetrated her five inch munitions storage magazine and touched off the entire store. The five torpedoes that hit her, once again were the devastating Type 93. After such destruction, once again, no amount of damage control, no matter how heroic, could have saved her. As for the amazing ability of American damage control teams, it is exhibited in the USS Yorktown at the Battle of the Coral Sea. After being struck by a bomb that went through multiple decks before exploding in the bowels of the ship. Her crews brought the fires under control and got her back to Pearl. At Midway, where she was damaged by three bombs, but was so swiftly repaired, and resumed operations so quickly that the following attack by Japanese torpedo planes had them thinking that they were striking a different target. Even after the torpedo planes put two more Longlances into her side, teams still fought to keep her afloat until she lost power. A team went back aboard her to attempt salvage so an ocean going tug could once again bring her to port. It was finally the two torpedos of a Japanese sub that dealt her a mortal blow along with one more striking the USS Hamman. Need more? Check out the salvage of the USS Franklin at the Battle of Okinawa, where she took incredibly devastating damage from Kamakazi attacks was saved by her teams to make it back to home port and be repaired. So yes, there is quite a difference in the abilities and success between the two navies.
The U.S.N. needs to get back into the business of building diesel submarines and help to arm some of our other Pacific Allies that do not have the ability to build submarines themselves like Canada, Philippines & New Zealand as well having a Fleet of them ourselves.
I was a, was a kamikaze pilot They gave me a plane, I couldn't fly it home. Taught how to take off, I don't know how to land. They say it doesn't matter and I just cannot understand
Another gem from @user-tp- etcetera. Just slow down and proof read your comments since you do not have spell check or Grammarly. You have some very worthwhile things to say to us.
This cannot be a serious comment. At best, it is a comment that makes "@Adiscretefirm" look silly and goofy. At worst it makes "@Adis....whatever" look ignorant and poorly educated. Thousands of serious You Tube viewers will be reading this comment by "@Adis...". Does anyone truly think those viewers will be impressed, enlightened or entertained by the comment?
@@roberthenry9319 it is a facetious comment used to point out the utter futility of a navy building advanced fleet carriers they only used as transport vessels or show pieces. Anyone that can't figure that out should probably focus on their own comprehension instead of other's potential confusion. Are you really ignorant of the 20 year old "this is fine" meme?
Exactly 80 years ago today!!! The older I get, the more I realize that it wasn't thar ling ago this war happened. I'm 60 now, and when I was little, WWII seemed like it was from another century. But, the older I've gotten I realized it was almost like yesterday. From the sinking of the Uhryu til the day I was born was the same time lapse of Obama getting elected til today. (I know, its a year off, but, just saying...)Really not that long of a time period. It's truly horrifying, that not that long ago, Tojo, Nanking, camp 371, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Pearl Harbor, let alone everything in Europe, with entire countries burning, all of these things were happening simultaneously!!! And, people think these things could NEVER happen today. Let me tell you, these things only happened YESTERDAY in the grand scheme of things. After all, the GREAT WAR had only happened 20 years before the 2nd War. And they all said that they would NEVER have another war like the 1st one. Ir was after all "the war to end all wars..". It's just really sad that we as a species can't get it through our thick stupid skulls that if we don't study and LEARN from our history, we will DEFINITELY learn from it!! And, unfortunately I just get the feeling that things are getting ready to pop off, and we're headed straight for it. Smh, but hopefully we have leadership in there now, that will stear the ship in a different direction then we've been headed over the last 4 years. And I'm not trying to make this political, just saying, the current American white house has done NOTHING to stop the outbreak of wars popping off all over the world. And that scares the absolute she-it outta me.
The writing on the wall would never convince the malevolent Japanese Mindset to acquiesce ..... and it cost hundreds of thousands of Japanese Lives - Military as well as civilians and ours .... the culture and conceit would be disastrous !!! jj
Horrible AI voice. Rambling and disjointed script. Video probably used w/o attribution. The historical issues are noted by others. AI doesn't substitute for humans sometimes...
These really are awful. Pronunciation of the Japanese names is particularly uneducated, but when they can't say "Combined" properly, well... all hope is given up.
It is difficult to understand why Hidden History chooses to trash this video with one of the worst computer voices on the internet. Perhaps they could not afford a human narrator. Or, more likely, Hidden History is so enamored of AI and has so much disrespect for You Tube viewers that they really do believe that using an AI voice is the only smart option for them. It is not. Computer voice pronunciations such as "star board" as well as many others are just too offensive for Hidden History to be considered a serious history website.
These two carriers lacked pilots? In the same time period that Japan sent hundreds of pilots on kamikaze missions they could have manned these carriers! The steel used to build the three largest battleships could have been used to build forty destroyers for convoy escort duties! The Japanese navy also never told the army that they had lost four carriers at Midway! These are just a few of the many mistakes the Japanese made with the attack on Pearly Harbor of course being the very worse mistake ever!
Many of the Kamikaze were cadet pilots with barely enough experience to land. I seem to recall the the kamikaze Corp, actually damaged and sank more shipping than they claimed.
The navy didn’t like the army so it’s not surprising that they didn’t tell them about the lost carriers. They also didn’t tell the public. Even the Midway wounded were hidden away from view.
@@marnold2791 Can you imagine what meetings were like where the Army laid out plans for defense? "What"? "Oh we should keep two carriers nearby in case they are needed?" "Sure no problem general"!
@@HiddenHistoryYT Great reply from Hidden History. Regardless of the computer voice, this video had awesome information, marvelous retrieval of authentic film and extremely impressive research and editing. The amount of time spent on this video was incredible. It was not "blah blah blah". The video is a treasure.
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One of the biggest differences between American and Japanese crews was the Americans' almost superhuman damage control skills. More than one Japanese carrier was lost because of poor damage control. By contrast, look at the miracle of the USS Franklin.
Even better was Yorktown. The Japanese carriers thought they sunk her three times; twice in one day. She was being readied for towing to Pearl when a sub torpedoed her and the attending destroyer for the kill.
Appreciate you watching and have a great week :)
I spent 25 years in the USN, retiring in 2014. Damage control is still an integral part of the USN with every crewmember on the ship being trained in firefighting and all other aspects of damage control. If your ship is damaged there in no where to run. You either fix it or you go down, it is that simple.
@@retirednavy8720I spent over a year as DCPO for FOX Division on the USS LAWRENCE DDG-4 in 1984-85
The IJN also was using volatile ships fuel.
My Dad and his friend Jerry were on duty in the control room of the Redfish and were about to get off duty when Jerry made one more sweep of the periscope. Jerry spotted the Unryu during his sweep. Captain McGregor then launched his torpedoes. After sinking the Unryu the Captain rested the Redfish on the bottom to avoid all the attacks from the Japanese with depth charges. The Redfish became stuck in the mud on the bottom. The eventual solution to get the sub off the bottom was to alternate blowing of the ballast tanks. This action saved the Redfish from an eternal fate...
Wow! Thank you to them for their service! Thanks for watching & have a great week :)
The willingness of the Japanese to kamikaze for almost any reason is just about the biggest case of self sabotage in history.
Thanks for watching and have a great week :)
Another thing that amazes me was the insistence on high ranking officers going down with the ship "in disgrace". While I understand that their emphasis on "honor" was the explanation, by doing this they're continually depriving their navy of its most experienced officers, decreasing overall competence of their navy.
@@gregmead2967
I never understood this. The centuries of experience that was just pissed away for "honour", absolutely stupid.
The Japanese had an excess of planes, and a big shortage of fully trained pilots. They had basically no reserves for the lost carrier pilots. The rise of the kamikaze wasn't so much "self sabotage" as it was a desperate act to continue the conflict.
@JB-yb4wn they lost some of their most experienced officers that way
The Unryu makes a excellent coral reef.
Appreciate you watching and have a great week :)
I checked with my wife, who is from Japan. The correct pronunciation for the IJN destroyer Shigure is "shee-goo-ray", said quickly.🙂
Ah darn, appreciate the feedback! Wish I had a resource like at the time when making it 😂 Have a fantastic weekend :)
@n4lra1 HAI ! = shark in 🇫🇮. Read the Hara book in FINNISH just as soon as it was translated to our language in 1977. I was just a juvenile. But probably had spent my previous life in either or both sides of the Pac War. YAMATO DAMASHII = HAKKAA PÄÄLLE 🇫🇮
Incorrect
@@sulevisydanmaa9981 Most Americans get a surprise when they order Taco at a Japanese restaurant. The TACO we are most familiar with is the Mexican Taco which is small folded cornmeal pancake stuffed with some meat and vegetables. Taco is octopus in Japanese.🙂
@@n4lra1 Take care in Korea. If you offer salsa to your friend who doesn't know Mexican food, s/he may think you're serving diarrhoea.
In 1959 in Yokosuka Japan I was allowed aboard the USS Red Fish 395 as the Sub sailed out in Tokyo Bay to fire Water slugs to check repairs then surfaced and return to the pier. I still have the card i got from the exec.
I was stationing in yokouka Japan in 1987 to 1991 was a slave in J 39 warehouse
Given that fact that Shigure was repeatedly "the only survivor" of several naval battles, logic dictates that the Unryu naval group should not have welcomed it as joyously as they had.
Thanks!
Greatly appreciate it my friend :)
Matsu class destroyers were sort of akin to destroyer escorts. Compared to fleet destroyers, they were less heavily armed with guns, a bit smaller, slower (but faster than a surfaced US submarine), and equipped for anti-submarine and escort work. Their 5"/40 DP guns didn't have the kind of director needed for high angle AA use, and while a lot of 25 mm cannon were carried, these were not very effective for AA.
Appreciate you watching and have a great week :)
@1:11 the photo shows ryujo not ryuho ryujo was sunk two years earlier in the battle of the eastern Solomon’s
I always look forward to HH's quality videos.
As always greatly appreciate your support and kind words! Have a fantastic weekend :)
After Midway, the war was lost.
Thanks for watching :)
The war was lost on 12/7/1941
@@TheRobdarling Agree.
@@TheRobdarling Well stated and likely true knowing what we now know.
The Japanese aggression was doomed when the US stopped supplying fuel to them.
best video this week
Cover photo is Hiryu at Midway.
Unryu's island (bridge) was on the starboard (right) side of the ship.
The only ship of comparable size with her island on the port (left) side was Hiryu.
The side of the ship is determined by standing on the deck, facing the bow; right is starboard, left is port.
Akagi had her island on the port side.
@@gimmeshelter2151
Yes, but this is Hiryu. Akagi was almost twice the tonnage, and looked very different.
Keep those Americans confused as often as possible with the inconsistent island location on aircraft carriers and some had none.
@@WilliamMurphy-uv9pm
Yeppers!
None of their cvls had an island.
@@BlitzenSpeaks You seem to know a lot of carriers. You are likely kidding and already know that an island on a carrier was, I believe, a raised bridge superstucture usually on one side or the other of the flight deck and extending up a few stories high. If you were not kidding, go back and look at the pretty pictures of their carriers in the video itself. Cvls, your term, I assume were the smaller, "baby" aircraft carriers. Just a guess. Many of those Japanese carriers had no island. Why, I don't know. Enlightenment, please.
The Shigure’s extraordinary survivals in previous battles were all under the same captain. That captain was promoted, and the Shigure went into battle with a new captain and was sunk.
Appreciate you watching and have a great week :)
Tameichi Hara?
@@Bob.W.Yes, The one and only
The loss was not "lamented universally". I imagine not a lot of lamenting happened on Redfish.
Japans biggest mistake was not training enough pilots. They limited the amount they trained even though thousands tried to be pilots!
The kami kaze plan pretty much limited pilot numbers as did the Mariana's turkey shoot, they squandered what they had.
In 1900, Japan didn't have any university that could train engineers - gear designers, gear builders, i-beam designs, etc. They had no shipyards capable of working on metal-hulled ships. Those would appearing in 1910 and only in the '20s was Japan producing a few steel hulled ships. Coal-fire steel plants were still overwhelmed by demand. When Pearl Harbor was attacked, Japan's civilian shipping needs were over 9-million tons but they only had 2 million. They rented the other 7 million tons of shipping from the USA, Britain and the Dutch. All three of their enemies as of December 7th. "We'll confiscate those, then" was their idea, and they never did. With military demands, they never produced even a million ship-tons for civilian use, and only 'commandeered' a bit over 1 mil. This is why Japan was starving - they did it themselves.
Their training philosophy and lack of aircraft and scarcity of fuel made that impossible
The Japanese pilots don't even bother to used a parachute or bother to be equipped with one.
Japan's biggest mistake was not taking Midway during the Pearl Harbor operation and throwing everything in early.......no use for Yamato and Musashi to be wasted and Shinano to be built as a carrier tender. Kurita had the best chance at Samar but lost his nerve.......carriers were nothing but bait then thanks to air battles like the Great Marianas Turkey Shoot......Japan had to win in a year or no chance whatsoever.
Great video. Thank you so much for the history research and video.
Appreciate you watching and have a great weekend :)
I read somewhere that IJN Shiguri was finally sunk by a US submarine while trying to reach her next assignment.
Appreciate you watching and have a great week :)
Its always astonishing how long a 5 to 8 symbol name expands to when translated. But I guess that the names of American vessels were equally odd to Japanese speakers.
No way, someone with understanding in the TH-cam comments?! Greatly appreciate you watching and have a fantastic week :)
@@HiddenHistoryYT I try to only be ignorant and stupid 5 times per month, and its too early to use another one already
They completely understood the US Battleship and Cruiser naming conventions. The States and Cities approach was very similar to the Japanese Battleship and Carrier name conventions. Which were named for places in Japan. (Yamato meant “The whole of Japan” and was basically the same idea as the “USS America”). Submarine names being fish made complete sense to them. They kind of liked that. But The US Carrier naming conventions however drove them nuts. The US’s habit of naming new Carriers after ones that had been sunk, sometimes just months or weeks later drove Japanese Naval intelligence insane. Why was the Yorktown back? How was the Yorktown back? And Lexington! And naming Carriers after famous American battles was fine for Saratoga and Lexington. But naming them for Japanese losses while the war was going on, and getting them to sea was just rubbing their noses in it. And then there was USS Shangri La. Which drove them round the bend. Shangri La is a fictional city in Asia from the 1939 James Hilton novel Lost Horizon. But in the context of WW2, in April 1942 a flight of American B25 Land Based Medium Bombers were launched from the aircraft carrier USS Hornet, escorted by Enterprise, and bombed Tokyo. The first foreign attack to hit Japanese soil in over 1000 years. When US President Roosevelt announced the attack to the American people that night, he declared the bombers had launched from “Shangri La”. The US would keep quiet about the true means of the attack until the 2 Carriers were safely away from Japan. So President Roosevelt had declared Shangri La was used to attack Japan. And now 2 years later Japanese Intelligence sources were reporting that this made up nonsense name was once again moving around the Pacific and bombing Japanese targets. They never quite grasped that USS Shangri La was named for the Doolittle Raid.
Crazy fast IJN destroyers, loaded up with 15 Long Lance Torpedos, Mines, depth charges, six five inch min guns, and two dozen 25mm.
Were she and Yukakaze ( The Luck Vampire of the Yamato Trifecta), elite ships, or just lucky with great officers and crew?
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Fun fact…the British taught the Japanese how to construct a carrier in a way that would allow a tall bridge to be built on one side of the ship.
It turned out to be a good thing for Britain. Churchill was pleading with Roosevelt to enter the war against Germany but there was a strong isolationist movement in the US. That all ended with the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor which wouldn’t have been possible without aircraft carriers!
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Funfact, the British had broken the Japanese Naval Code and knew the attack was coming against Pearl Harbor, but said nothing to their US contacts because it would have signaled to the Japanese that their code was compromised.
_Unryu_ is probably rhe most un-dragon name ever... 😉
lol Thanks for watching and have a great week :)
Excellent history!!
Appreciate you watching and have a great week :)
"Her loss was mourned universally?"
Good point, and another example of how Hidden History trashed what could have been a great video. The use of the computer voice is another example.
why didn’t captain Konami try saving the ship by ordering up up down down left right left right B A Start
Hilarious!
Stupid & disrespectful comment! Ciao, L (Veteran)
I think I've heard of this carrier in Japanese secret planes and how the carrier was sunk by a USS SUB, thus thwarting their experimental aircrafts at sea.
Indeed! Those aircraft are part of the reason she went down
@@HiddenHistoryYT It was promos for helicopters on her deck.
“Okas” were suicide glide bombs that was steered by a pilot and dropped from a plane. It was part of Japan’s desperate attempt to sink more American ships.
Weren't some of these giant carriers originally giant BB hulls? Wasn't some of the Montana class hulls used for CVs instead? I remember reading it or seeing something about that in a doco somewhere. That would be a very interesting video. Hulls that started life as BBs etc and ended their careers as CVs.
The only US Carriers built on Battleship, well technically Battlecruiser hulls were CV-2 Lexington and CV-3 Saratoga. Lexington was lost at Coral Sea, Saratoga fought the entire war. Their Japanese counterparts were Akagi (Battle Cruiser hull) and Kaga (Battleship). These 4 were all converted due to a loophole of the Washington Naval treaty that allowed a certain tonnage of under construction ships to be converted to carriers, rather than being scrapped.
The Montana’s relationship to carriers is a little more subtle. No steel was ever laid for the Montana’s. In 1942 Congress approved both the Montana class Battleships and the Midway class carriers. At the time the US only had 3 graving docks big enough to build such monstrous ships. Estimates said each Montana would need 7 years to be built. Whereas the Midways could be finished in just under 3 years. That meant the Montana’s would be unlikely to see service in the war. And the Navy was hesitant at tying up their biggest shipyards for 7 years. The result was the Midway’s were ordered to be built first. The contract for the Montana’s was still on the books when the war ended (just as the first three Midway’s were arriving.) As the US had a surplus of barely used Battleships they saw no need for the Montana’s and the contract was cancelled. As were the next batch of 2 Midway’s. The Midway follow up Carrier the monstrous United States was scrapped in the slipway in the late 40’s due to how fast carriers were evolving. These would be the last Straight Deck carriers. Development had already begun on the USS Forrestal, the first modern purpose built Super Carrier.
The British had 4 Battlecruiser conversion Carriers as well. (Also artifacts of the Washington Naval treaty) Only one of which survived the war. HMS Eagle, and the three Courageous Class carriers. Courageous, Glorious and Furious. Only Furious survived the war. Mostly by stint of being the oldest and least combat capable, she was the designated training carrier and frequent plane ferry.
The only other major conversion was the Shinano. Which was a monstrous “utility carrier” built on the hull of the incomplete third Yamato Battleship. The fact that Japan did not plan to use her as a fleet carrier, and instead intended her to be a mobile warehouse of spare aircraft and repair facility for the fleet carriers tells you that she was an awful carrier conversion. There’s not a lot of info on her. And she was sunk 10 days after she was launched, while being moved to a different shipyard. Like Unryu she was also carrying a load of Ohka “Baka Bombs” in her hanger when she went down.
@@andrewtaylor940 Wow! Thank you for that interesting information. That is fascinating. I knew they were out there, I just had no idea who, when and where, and my memory failed me. I hope someone makes a video on all these 'planned as one thing but necessity decided otherwise' boats. Its an insight how needs change as fast as a situation does....and how you work a gigantic multi year project around that.
@@VincentNajger1 Actually all of those carrier conversions, except the Shinano, happened in the 1920’s. The needs there was the signing of the Washington Naval Treaty, that sought to limit the ongoing naval arms race, by restricting ship tonnage and types. Other than Shinano most “needs” type conversions that occurred during or in the run up to the war involved building carriers on merchant hulls. What we know as the Escort Carriers. A British idea that the US Navy took and ran with. Cheap slow quick to build carriers to be used to close the mid Atlantic Gap from submarines, ferry aircraft and support landings without tying up the fleet carriers.
The Japanese also created a number of “Half Deck Carriers” on Cruisers, such as the badly damaged Mogami. But people often misunderstand what those were. Japanese Doctrine was to avoid using Carrier aircraft for scouting. They didn’t want to weaken their offensive strike. Instead scouting was to be done by the float planes from the Carriers escorting cruisers. The half deck carrier cruisers just sacrificed the rear turrets to instead carry a much larger contingent of scout float planes.
@andrewtaylor940 Thank-you for taking me back to my grade-school library, 6th grade. Won't say how long ago that was, but I could've called Joe Foss or David McCampbell on the phone, if it had occurred to me.
Fantastico unryu. .... Respect from Vietnam.. Allahu akhbar
Appreciate you watching & have a great weekend :)
It was written in the stars from the get-go that The Allies *must* emerge victorious. Thank you, and thank God for The Greatest Generation and our storied leaders!
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You used pictures of carrier Ryujo for carrier Ryuho. Ryuho survived the war while Ryujo was sunk in 1942 at the Battle of the Eastern Solomons.
They don't care. This is all just AI garbage to farm ad revenue on TH-cam. Just give it a thumbs down and move on.
Well done documentary. Well researched
Greatly appreciate it :) Have a fantastic weekend
@@HiddenHistoryYT keep making those great videos
Except for using wrong pictures !
@@gowdsake7103 he EXPLAINED that. … actual photos of those vessels haven’t been found or don’t exist
Who were the passengers? Did they take people on cruises?
14:38 what's this clip from?
Midway movie that came out a few years ago
@@HiddenHistoryYT thanks looks like a good movie.haven't seen it yet.
@@311Bob I enjoy it, definitely worth a watch!
I wonder if the US could have beat the IJN had the Japanese invested in submarines, aircraft and aircraft carriers instead of their super-battleships? I wonder if nostalgia plays a role in those kinds of decisions.
I remember this story as a sub movie from the 1950's.
Nope. There just going to lose alot more carriers if that was the case as well as subs as their sub doctrine was strict
@@gotanon9659 My question indicated less certainty of Japan's defeat than intended.
We would have had nukes in 1945, Japan was resource poor, no way they could have prevailed.
No Japan and the axis powers fate was sealed as soon as we entered the war our industrial capacity is unmatched they could never compete look how much material we put out during the war the numbers are mind boggling
After Midway it’s just a matter of (shorter) time. Japan needed a crash program of carrier construction and pilot training. Not being free to conduct carrier work ups due to USN submarine activity made even this Hail Mary impossible.
Adm Ozawa called off carrier-landing training after more than half of the trainees crashed on first attempts. That's why these carriers were emptied - Ozawa calculated he should save all pilots to be land-based kamikazes, instead.
He fired 6 fish, but 3 missed 1 hit so where are the other 2?
Still going? lol
Duds, pretty common
Still circling; just in case.
@@GLGolden55 Yes early on, too many hit targets with no consequences. How the US Navy did not know how poor their torpedoes were before the war was inexcusable. Took a long time to even recognize the problem thus delaying the fix for a very long time
@@WilliamMurphy-uv9pm FDR was facing a divided country recovering from the Depression, with the Lindbergh-fronted American First faction refusing to engage, and Ford and other industrialists doing business in Germany. The Navy was not allowed to prepare, so we and the Brits were basically using WW1 era tech while Japan and Germany were advancing theirs. If no Pearl Harbor, who knows what would have happened?
"Un-rye-yoo." Try to pronounce this--and other names--properly. Your content is good! C'mon, guy!
I have seen it written these are AI voices. I just know that, if these are intelligent, why can't they learn?!!
All saved crew members likely lived with the embarrassment for the rest of their lives and many ended those lives by ritual or simple suicide far too early.
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@WilliamMurphy-uv9pm - Not necessarily on the suicide thing.
People use the word 'decimated' to describe something almost totally destroyed.
Which to me is strange considering that to decimate a Roman Legion was to kill one in ten men. While that is bad of course it is a relatively small amount, one tenth. Hardly destroyed.
I would just use a different word.
I believe that the Japanese Navel didn't bother to design a carrier to survived combat attack from the enemy. No protection for the bombs, fuels and so on.
You just disrespected all Japanese people who have a belly button (navel). That is pretty near all of 'em.
Was Capt. McGregor put on a Court Martial hearing for endangering his sub and crew by lingering around to photograph the sinking?
Capt. McKay of the USS Indianapolis was tried for not calling “abandon ship” in a timely manner.
Capt. McKay was found guilty and he committed suicide years later. KWM
I would ask to be rebooked on another flight, frcing a delay while they removed my checked bag.
Loss was mourned universally?? Sorry that is wrong. You could say the loss was mourned within the task force, or the Japanese homeland. But to everyone outside Japan, the loss of this carrier and all the people lost was time for another celebration and party. It may sound cruel to say that, but it's a more honest statement for a time of war.
Don't forget that America dropped two "Atomic bombs" on Japan. Those two Atomic bombs forced Japan to surrender. Unfortunately Japan forced America to drop the second Atomic bomb...which forced Japan to surrender. It's sad that they forced America to drop the second Atomic bomb.
Thanks for watching and have a great weekend :)
I wouldn't say forced. We had a choice, although I would not have wanted to be the POTUS making that choice. The choice to drop the second bomb was the lesser of the two evils. First, invade mainland Japan, which would cost up to a 2 million deaths, both civilian and allied troops.
The first Atomic bomb was dropped on Aug 6, 1945. The Soviets declared war on Japan, Aug 8, 1945. Japan was being strangled from two fronts, the Americans from the sea, air, the Soviets in Manchuria. The second bomb dropped on Aug 9, 1945. Japans Air power was reduced to almost nothing as planes, pilots, fuel was unavailable. In the end, America did not want the USSR to have any influence or territory of Japan. All these things went into the decision to drop the second bomb. Japan surrendered Aug 15, 1945 and this kept the USSR out of Japan. We avoided what happened to Germany post WW2.
@@marcusanton95 The USSR couldnt take any Mainland territory anyway the Soviets barely have a Navy and The splitting of germany was already set in stone long before any allied and soviet ground forces step foot in germany proper
You are incorrect on your statement on the Wasp. She had six torpedos fired at her, of which three struck one right after the other. Since she was designed with no armor belt or torpedo blisters, the Type 93 Longlance torpedoes, each of which carries a warhead over half a ton, wreaked havoc. They struck her magazines and av-gas fuel tanks. She was doomed from the start. No amount of skilled damage control could have saved her.
USS Lexington was hit by two bombs and five torpedoes. One bomb penetrated her five inch munitions storage magazine and touched off the entire store. The five torpedoes that hit her, once again were the devastating Type 93. After such destruction, once again, no amount of damage control, no matter how heroic, could have saved her.
As for the amazing ability of American damage control teams, it is exhibited in the USS Yorktown at the Battle of the Coral Sea. After being struck by a bomb that went through multiple decks before exploding in the bowels of the ship. Her crews brought the fires under control and got her back to Pearl. At Midway, where she was damaged by three bombs, but was so swiftly repaired, and resumed operations so quickly that the following attack by Japanese torpedo planes had them thinking that they were striking a different target. Even after the torpedo planes put two more Longlances into her side, teams still fought to keep her afloat until she lost power. A team went back aboard her to attempt salvage so an ocean going tug could once again bring her to port. It was finally the two torpedos of a Japanese sub that dealt her a mortal blow along with one more striking the USS Hamman. Need more? Check out the salvage of the USS Franklin at the Battle of Okinawa, where she took incredibly devastating damage from Kamakazi attacks was saved by her teams to make it back to home port and be repaired. So yes, there is quite a difference in the abilities and success between the two navies.
The U.S.N. needs to get back into the business of building diesel submarines and help to arm some of our other Pacific Allies that do not have the ability to build submarines themselves like Canada, Philippines & New Zealand as well having a Fleet of them ourselves.
Thanks for watching & have a great weekend :)
What exactly is hidden?
Yeah, nothing like those Critical Past watermarks to really spice up a presentation.
Not my watermark
@@HiddenHistoryYT Obviously. But the decision to use those clips was yours.
I was a, was a kamikaze pilot
They gave me a plane, I couldn't fly it home.
Taught how to take off, I don't know how to land.
They say it doesn't matter and I just cannot understand
Thanks for watching and have a great week :)
Good song. Hoodoo Gurus from about 1984.
FWIW, I'm a Stoneage Romeo.
Some animated maps would have been helpful.
Ok I will note that for the future! Thanks for watching and have a great week :)
They couldn't even afford a human narrator. Animated maps may be a stretch.
The narrator makes ut sound like the only person the the sub was the Captain
Another gem from @user-tp- etcetera. Just slow down and proof read your comments since you do not have spell check or Grammarly. You have some very worthwhile things to say to us.
What are aircraft carriers for? Transportation of course, everything is fine.
Thanks for watching and have a great week :)
This cannot be a serious comment. At best, it is a comment that makes "@Adiscretefirm" look silly and goofy. At worst it makes "@Adis....whatever" look ignorant and poorly educated. Thousands of serious You Tube viewers will be reading this comment by "@Adis...". Does anyone truly think those viewers will be impressed, enlightened or entertained by the comment?
@@roberthenry9319 it is a facetious comment used to point out the utter futility of a navy building advanced fleet carriers they only used as transport vessels or show pieces. Anyone that can't figure that out should probably focus on their own comprehension instead of other's potential confusion. Are you really ignorant of the 20 year old "this is fine" meme?
Map.
Exactly 80 years ago today!!! The older I get, the more I realize that it wasn't thar ling ago this war happened. I'm 60 now, and when I was little, WWII seemed like it was from another century. But, the older I've gotten I realized it was almost like yesterday. From the sinking of the Uhryu til the day I was born was the same time lapse of Obama getting elected til today. (I know, its a year off, but, just saying...)Really not that long of a time period. It's truly horrifying, that not that long ago, Tojo, Nanking, camp 371, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Pearl Harbor, let alone everything in Europe, with entire countries burning, all of these things were happening simultaneously!!! And, people think these things could NEVER happen today. Let me tell you, these things only happened YESTERDAY in the grand scheme of things. After all, the GREAT WAR had only happened 20 years before the 2nd War. And they all said that they would NEVER have another war like the 1st one. Ir was after all "the war to end all wars..". It's just really sad that we as a species can't get it through our thick stupid skulls that if we don't study and LEARN from our history, we will DEFINITELY learn from it!! And, unfortunately I just get the feeling that things are getting ready to pop off, and we're headed straight for it. Smh, but hopefully we have leadership in there now, that will stear the ship in a different direction then we've been headed over the last 4 years. And I'm not trying to make this political, just saying, the current American white house has done NOTHING to stop the outbreak of wars popping off all over the world. And that scares the absolute she-it outta me.
Mack-Arthur?
Yes. This is the computer voice talking. It also says "star-board". Is anyone impressed by such trash?
Passengers? On an aircraft carrier? In a war?
Why is the word "tragedy" being used multiple times? Swap "tragedy" out & swap "victory" in.
The computer voice does not know the word "victory". That is a tragedy.
The writing on the wall would never convince the malevolent Japanese Mindset to acquiesce ..... and it cost hundreds of thousands of Japanese Lives - Military as well as civilians and ours .... the culture and conceit would be disastrous !!! jj
Thanks for watching and have a great week :)
云龙的覆灭
Support carrier shinano not super carrier if she was an actual fleet carrier and had aided in phillipine sea operations would have been better
Horrible AI voice. Rambling and disjointed script. Video probably used w/o attribution. The historical issues are noted by others. AI doesn't substitute for humans sometimes...
These really are awful. Pronunciation of the Japanese names is particularly uneducated, but when they can't say "Combined" properly, well... all hope is given up.
It is difficult to understand why Hidden History chooses to trash this video with one of the worst computer voices on the internet. Perhaps they could not afford a human narrator. Or, more likely, Hidden History is so enamored of AI and has so much disrespect for You Tube viewers that they really do believe that using an AI voice is the only smart option for them. It is not. Computer voice pronunciations such as "star board" as well as many others are just too offensive for Hidden History to be considered a serious history website.
He'll, you awt to hear me sing.
OON'-ryoo. Okay?
What's this Critical Past bs? They had to put it right in the middle of the screen?
Not my logo sorry!
Not a bad video...but a tad too sympathetic to the Japanese cause for my liking.
Then why don't you make your own video(s)... for your liking? Ciao, L
Move logo to a corner...
Sorry it’s not my logo
Awful AI voice.
One of the worst on the internet.
Engaño, not Engano.
These two carriers lacked pilots? In the same time period that Japan sent hundreds of pilots on kamikaze missions they could have manned these carriers! The steel used to build the three largest battleships could have been used to build forty destroyers for convoy escort duties! The Japanese navy also never told the army that they had lost four carriers at Midway! These are just a few of the many mistakes the Japanese made with the attack on Pearly Harbor of course being the very worse mistake ever!
Many of the Kamikaze were cadet pilots with barely enough experience to land. I seem to recall the the kamikaze Corp, actually damaged and sank more shipping than they claimed.
The navy didn’t like the army so it’s not surprising that they didn’t tell them about the lost carriers. They also didn’t tell the public. Even the Midway wounded were hidden away from view.
@@marnold2791 Can you imagine what meetings were like where the Army laid out plans for defense? "What"? "Oh we should keep two carriers nearby in case they are needed?" "Sure no problem general"!
Quite a Good Story - not very well told .
Trashy computer voice. No respect for viewers. This is the best they can do. Pretty pathetic.
I hate these AI channels. How hard is it for a person to sit in front of a mic and read the stuff off of a piece of paper?
Is it possible to make your voice less boring
Yes. A human narrator would fix that.
Japan Toyota
Japan Mitbousouki
Japan Klappasaki
Please attempt to approximate the proper pronunciation.
The only way to do that is with a human narrator. Do not expect that to happen with "Hidden History".
Kim Jong Un?
Friend of yours or just name dropping?
Lol
@@WilliamMurphy-uv9pm This is pretty darn good, William Murphy. I love it.
P
Thank you @seanlabrador.... Very helpful. Why didn't I think of that. "P".
all I heard was blah blah blah
Same thing I saw when reading this comment my friend :)
@@HiddenHistoryYT Great reply from Hidden History. Regardless of the computer voice, this video had awesome information, marvelous retrieval of authentic film and extremely impressive research and editing. The amount of time spent on this video was incredible. It was not "blah blah blah". The video is a treasure.
@@roberthenry9319 greatly appreciate that Robert! Have a wonderful day :)
Submarines were deadly........Shinano was a waste of time. Good thing we learned the secrets of the Japanese topedoes.
Thanks for watching & have a great week :)
USA 🇺🇸
Appreciate you watching and have a great weekend :)
THE UNRYC WAS SUNK BY JOHN WAYNE????????? OH, I FORGOT, ALSO TOM MIX.
Golly, @user- etc., Do help us with what you are saying here. Is this something really important that we are all missing?