Professor Snyder is, in my view, one of the most knowledgeable thinkers, authors and speakers on a range of topics out there. He makes his thought process very accessible to any individual who is prepared to listen to his presentation. I'm greatful that individuals across the globe can attend talks like this one and broaden their horizon. Thank you.
This was one of those TH-cam programs where I benefited from every single moment of the recording. I am grateful to the Tore Browaldh Lecture for sharing this interview with Professor Snyder. I am hoping that someone or more than someone in the European Union can seize this defining moment and take us forward. Ukraine has become a "hinge" experience of courage and compassion and change.
Very interesting. Despite his obvious intelligence and depth of knowledge, and the complexity of topics, I have always found Dr. Snyder to be fairly easy to follow. His work helps me to understand my world better than most.
Funny how clarity happens when a fair-minded person really knows what they're talking about... Dr. Snyder did devote his entire career to learning and teaching about this subject...
I as a veteran and retired letter carrier who left college for family reasons has been fortunate to actually meet Mr. Snyder at Harvard Bookstore and The Boston book festival. Mr. Snyder actually wrote a card to me from his hospital bed. I also sent him last fall a tourist map of Ukraine. I am so happy to have returned to education. John Payne of Boston.
Thank you prof. Snyder for an enlighted lecture concerning a most tricky and urgent topic. Truth will set us free. The manna of freedom must be collected every day.
The problem is that the temptation of a political faction to say that their side represents truth, and then use untruth when the truth becomes inconvenient because "the ends justify the means" is always present.
I listen to Dr Snyder amap. He is a gift to the world, like Stephen Kotkin and Anne Applebaum. They've each worked extremely hard to acquire their knowledge and POVs.IMO it's our responsibility to at the very least listen to them.
Wholeheartedly agree. Even though the topics are grim, the lucidity of his thought process and deep knowledge of history is somehow calming. Things that appear baffling and infuriating are deconstructed and analyzed in a historical context and the clarity makes them less overwhelming.
This was a great example of the explanatory power of applied history from Professor Snyder, followed by an excellent question & answer session. Wish I could have been there and I'm surprised the theatre audience was so sparsely populated.
Snyder's analysis takes us far beyond conventional right-left thinking about autocracy worldwide, including rise of Trump. And also about the climate emergency, seen as part of politics of catastrophe. I'm finding Snyder's long essay on Russian Orthodox Fascist philosopher Ivan Ilyin to be a coherent expose of the profound danger Putin poses for the world. Thanks to U of G. Excellent questions from you here.
"On Tyranny" and "Road to Freedom" are essential reading (Black Earth probably is too, just haven't gotten to it yet) I wish we had this man on our news broadcasts every other night, explaining this stuff, deprogramming our Masses...
That last part more than anything....and his deliver, which results in very easy (at least for me) to understand and process thoughts and ideas, is perfect for as you said, deprogramming the masses. He doesn't talk over your head, relates to widely known events and concepts and delivers the core idea very clearly.
A better future is not inevitable. A better future will come. But it takes effort. We must support the democratic institutions, the free aliances of democracies, the free exchange and the discussions of ideas, scientific and intellectual exchange, freedom of arts and expression, the value of knowledge and competance, trust in our common institutions, the ability to hold politicians acountable and vote, strong public institutions for education, health and culture, regulations of the marketplace for the common good. A change to sustainable energy.
That's very true! Dr. Snyder didn't mention the concept of his, the politics of responsibility. That's what you just described. We must believe in that.
I liked the final take that we have to see this war has something that should us wake up and fight for the good things we have and improve the things which are not great.
Listening to/ reading Tim Snyder is a kind of fortification against despair. Even though the topics are grim, the lucidity of his thought process and deep knowledge of history is like being thrown a lifeline in the midst of a whirlpool. The clarity of his deconstruction of current crises in a historical context makes them far less overwhelming.
Everyone should read ALL Timothy Snyder's books. He is a very talented man & a great historian & writer. He's able to synthesize the mound of evidence for a resurgence of fascism in a concise & clear way.
As an engineer, I see how what engineers have done has jeopardized the future, and I include myself among the guilty. But I also see how we can adjust our ways to improve that future against forecasts of doom. Take heart. With smart work, we can build a life for our descendants.
:) You are such an engineer, Tim Ttrwyn. We should throw in the arts, or we will be sitting in the middle of concrete drainage channels. They will be efficient, but there may be other things (like wildlife or competing public goods) to consider.
A very interesting lecture that I heard again today. I really love his aspect that Europe and EU to a large extent a forum also for old imperials that lost its powers. I have always been thinking that Brexit to a large extent is caused by a big group of influential Brits still living with the thinking of speciality and entitlement (most Brits don't though...but the society is coloured by it). To think that lots of the others are old imperial countries who has matured in their thinking and using it for unity is a fascinating and positive thought. I will discuss this with my UK friends...
This actually connects with Afsah Ebrahim 's lectures on Coursera where he opposes the politics of Weberian state to those countries looking for an "usable past" in the form of glory as for example Iran (the glorious past of Persia)
He is so right about studying history. How many time did I hear that history is boring and good for nothing major. When I pointed out how our path to Trump’s presidency mirror that of Hitler’s, so many people told me that we will never be like Germany. I don’t see how people cannot see the similarities.
@Tomas Bjarnesson Just so that you know, I am not comparing Hitler and Trump because of Timothy Snyder, it is after reading and studying German history since college. The similarities are there. You may say that one can apply Snyder's ideas to many other horrible leaders. And that is the precise point. Evil people follow evil paths. Most nationalists say our country first. And it happened in South Korea as it happened in Germany. All Trump did was copy that path. What Snyder did in his books and many lectures is to educate us to look out for the dangers of those simple talks that sound good to the ears, but bring doom to the existence of your own nation.
Thank you for a very great explanation of time and history and the results of our misinterpretation of facts. The politics of inevitability seems to place us on auto-pilot, which inevitably makes us unable to fully examine facts. This flaw seems to lead to the inequality that then breeds the backwards-looking of the politics of eternity, which further divorces us from the truth, placing us even deeper onto auto-pilot. Perhaps we need a mechanism, or awareness, that limits us from being on auto-pilot. Perhaps we need to realize that the world is a dynamic place that is ever-changing and therefore we need to look at the details and the facts objectively and know their consequences.
I find Professor Snyder brilliant at times. He is processing a lot of history, particularly the deep history of Eastern Europe, trying to see patterns in history. In doing so he is organizing and naming: inevitability (not a new concept), eternity (seems related to a religion), and catastrophe (we witness). These are categories, ways of thinking about thinking and projecting have consequences that follow if there is little or no awareness nor remedy ( counter force/s). To those here and elsewhere who have nothing good or only bad things to say about Snyder, I can only surmise that those thought processes, the work of trying to understand, have shut down so completely, their minds shut or lazy, or worse so not free anymore, that they cannot consider, or think openly, feel only threat to themselves. This itself proves what is being said..exhibit A. Again, Snyder is using a language and you have to follow it to understand. He has much factual knowledge to convey, to REMIND us of especially those with cherry picked narratives, pushing propaganda and lies.
Excellent lecture on politics of time. Very timely and urgent. As for the Russian aggression in Ukraine (let’s not forget Georgia and Moldova), and how to end it, it will be a very hard sell to the Ukrainians to ask them to give up on ANYTHING. Under the guns and rain of rockets, and with Grozny/Aleppo-scale destruction? Negotiated peace? Each side gives up on something? Give me break!
Putin's philosophy is "Might makes right." His war had been executed very incompetently. But since there is no chance that NATO will intervene (and Putin is not stupid enough to launch a direct attack on a NATO nation, thereby provoking a NATO intervention), in the end it is hard to see how the Russian Army will not succeed in their war against Ukraine. The Ukrainians can resist for a while, cause a lot of Russian casualties, etc., but they cannot win the war. And then Putin will take a page out of Thucydides: "the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must".
If the Russians (read: Putin) get any concessions from Ukraine, their barbaric intervention will gain legitimacy. Next time a state wants something from another state, they will just destroy it first and negotiate second. There will have been a precedent. This war must be stopped by the World. This is not just about Ukraine. And NATO should not be pushed into fighting Russia over Ukraine. But the United Nations should and must. Otherwise why have it?
@@padellina9596 I agree 100%. I'm guessing u r female. I wonder if ONLY women TRULY understand this in a visceral way. I've read several comments made by women who say that it is similar to a man when he can't have the woman he wants or his wife wants to become his ex-wife-- he simply kills her. I REALLY think that that scenario best fits Putin who thinks he's a macho supermale and Ukraine is a beautiful female that he always wanted-- with a gorgeous waterfront & the beautiful town of Kiev-- but he couldn't have so he's just going to destroy it completely until there's NOTHING left and NO people and then he will move in and populate the land with ethnic Russians.
PS. Midway thru my earlier comment, my phone flipped a word out!😩 SO to clarify: Zelkensky says this is NOT a war AGAINST Ukraine but rather a war AGAINST THE WEST & DEMOCRACY. Does Tim agree?
I think many people have this concern. Is Russia strong enough, though? Also, I was so intrigued by how quickly Poland and Romania opened their borders (Very generously, I must add) to refugees. Is that because they have anxiety over potential invasion and attempted takeover by Russia of their own countries, so need to make a solid agreements with neighbours in case they need to call on them for support.
I'm struck by how the politics of eternity and the politics of catastrophe mirror certain pre-European type mythologies - Revelations, Greek Pessimism, and Ragnarok. it seems like this even feeds into some Japanese ideas within Hagakure about the decline of civilization.
Is there an alternative version of the last 30 years where the EU actively set out to bring the former Soviet states including Russia into the EU? Wouldn’t an EU which stretched to the Pacific be a superpower that could offer an alternative to Chinese authoritarianism and American emotionalism?
The EU is controlled by the USA, this is important to recognise, so that won't happen. The USSR should never have been dissolved, it made way for the Western Oligarchs to move INCHES Eastward, in violation of the agreement (s) established in the 80s. This Professor is hypocrite, and though he CLAIMED he is not "here..." to talk about Russia, THAT is what the talk was about, using words of art, and deliberately manipulating the facts......Not once did he mention the Minsk Accord, he failed to mention that President Putin resigned recognising all the former USSA Sates as Sovereign, and he surely DID NOT mention the EUs, NATO and USA violations. This talk is corrupted by a professor from the USA, with a HISTORY of invading Nations, wiping out entire lineages across the GLOBE, in Europe, Germany, France, Spain, UK, Belgium, Sweden, Finland, Norway have BLOOD STAINED hands, Denmark etc etc etc.........the USA has 100 years of invasions (South & Central America or the entire Caribbean which is known as the Americas.......Russia has no such history, in fact, Russia came to the USA assistance TWICE (2) (ungrateful descendants of Europe). Russia has a history of fighting of invading forces that ALL came up through Ukraine.....there is no history of Russia leaving Europe to invade no Nation and settling and ultimately controlling for 3-4 years like the rest of the blood thirsty Europeans.
Having listened to interviews and speeches by President Putin for several months before postings from Russia were banned in the my country, I found him to be a student of history and philosophy aside from his PhD in Economics. Professor points to a problem of info in Russia, I experience it here and now in the us. Also, 7months into the SMO, a legal term as defined by the UN and followed by Russia, we watch as ukr shuts down tv stations, prevents war correspondents from traveling to areas of fighting, and criminally published a "hit list" of journalists and private citizens who say or print things President zelensky doesn't want read or heard. Not only a list of offenders but of their children or parents, giving addresses and putting xes through names of those murdered. This lecture was given before such horrors occurred but now we see a broader picture. Although, I am puzzled by the introducer calling Russia and China "imperialist" nations when both have stated and shown their objectives not to be acquisition of territory or resources belonging to other sovereign states but rather engaging in trade and respectful agreements. Remember, please, in fairness, the Donbas and Lugansk oblests under the Minsk Agreements were supposed to have been recognized as autonomous areas within the Ukraine but for 8 years were instead bombed by Kyev. When Russia moved in, it was at the request of regions that had endured 8 years of shelling and were about to be invaded by the Azov military divisions intent on murdering Russian speaking populations. There is much more but please, before you draw your swords, do a bit of research or just consider the possibility of the UN stepping in at any time during those 8 years and promoting considered non- military solutions rather than the fiasco generated by nato and the eu with sad numbers of lives lost.
I'm sure Timothy doesn't like to speculate but I was really curious if he could have commented on what we should be doing that we aren't to aid Ukraine. Recently Zellensky said we will NOT enter into NATO and he repeated that again and again because he knows that's what Russians are talking about and that's what some of the people who are NOT helping Ukraine are saying, ie that it's their fault because they wanted to enter NATO. I wish Tim would comment on that and what we should be doing because I don't think we're doing enough. TO put it in Timothy's type of language, Zelensky says this is NOT a war against Ukraine, rather this is a war against the too he can speak again at another place & another time and deconstruct that concept. I agree with Zellensky and I do NOT feel we are doing enough. I wrote many times to Biden as well as to several Senators but of course they don't really pay attention to us when it's a question of War. WE were in so many wars we wanted out of and they didn't pay attention. SO even if this is a war that some of us want, they aren't going to pay attention. MY second question to Timothy Snyder would have been: DID you ever guess in a million years that Russia was going to invade Ukraine. AND I don't mean based on the fact that they had built up their military along their border but rather prior to that did you ever in your mind conceive of this massive invsion? MANY people say that they NEVER would have thought it and yet I --who have no background in war or russia-- would have said that's a no-brainer, just a matter of time. I recall when I went to Kuwait to teach English at the University ( and this was prior to Desert Storm)& I told my students they're going to walk across the border and take over your country and they laughed. Of course, THAT'S exactly what happened. WHEN a country has NO true defenses and they have something that someone else wants, that is what happens. WHEN America and the rest of NATO denied Ukraine membership when they first asked in 2014 and then later in 2016, this was wrong and the death of thousands or more Ukrainians is a direct result & IT'S on them (ie NATO). .
No, as a condition of EU accession, it was still on Ukraine to eliminate the massive problems of corruption they suffer with and have since made tremendous strides to eradicate. One cannot blame NATO or EU for this, although Germany's Deutsche Bank has corruption problems of its own with a longhistory of laundering money for Russians.
These professors like Snyder are brilliant but when they talk about the bad things in past world history mainly war and all the atrocity's that come with it like, starvation, disease, torture, genocide, war crimes etc they analyze and study these things like they had a beginning that was created by a normal balanced human (and things just got a little out of hand)and that the answers must be normal like the historian himself. Rarely do I ever hear them talk about the mentally sick, often psychopathic and abnormal behavior attributed to men I.e Hitler and how distorted and dangerous their minds truly are and how their mental/emotional deviance is the unique feature and factor behind the desire for power, resources, wealth etc and that war in their own mind is the solution (inflicting pain brings pleasure to psychopaths, they need victims to emotionally stay fueled) These Narcissist elite powerful men (in the past ,present and future) are variable and unpredictable but they are common throughout history and are the very people responsible for the worst of the worst crimes against humanity, it's aftermath and then history.
Interesting talk. But there are some things that do not make sense to me, Russia has a variety of ethnicities that span from slavic too asian, so even though there is a lot of racism, they realize there is also need for a lot of inclusion. Whereas China, which still has high social mobility, at least compared to what they used to, is stepping up it's war against an ethnic minority to try and achieve a greater degree of cultural and ethnical uniformity. There is aways a disaster to blame somewhere, so I don't feel like the exclusion of minorities is something particularily connected to climate change.
I think of Russia as a segregated state: the Slaves and Asians don't matter. There is a stark difference in wealth and political power between Russians and other ethnicities. The "russian" army fighting in Ukraine is not primary russian but asian and slavic (and from other minorities). The big uproar around the mobilization was NOT because of the war, but because the war started to impact RUSSIANS.
Many bad things that are not caused by environmental stress are made worse by things like climate change. Bad things go on all the time in more manageable ways, then are made worse by pressure, until they explode into crisis.
The dude feels something vaguely, he understands that the transition from one state to another is not so simple. He tries to formulate this difficulty of transition as "the influence of time". Fortunately, everything was invented before him. This difficulty of transition that arises after a revolution is called "political reaction". After any revolutionary change, there is a political backlash. For example, Russia is now in the stage of political reaction. The collapse of the Soviet empire was the liberation of people, along with Putin, enslavement came after the liberation. Fidel Castro is also a good example. This man was first a revolutionary, he brought freedom, then he became a reactionary, turning the island into a prison.
I have often found the 'eternity cycle' to seem to manifest in the minds of many many people and groups in different 'sectors of association' . . . not just in the most recent 'Trumpian' or now 'Putinian' manifestations (on the Right side of things) . . . but across the spectrum . . . groups of 'like minded' people most often seem to have some notion of a time in the past when things were 'ideal' or 'perfect' . . . many on the 'progressive' side of the Left for example, most often invoke a return to some perception of indigenous cultures as a time when humanity's relationship to nature and to life was ideal or perfect . . . . another version that shows up on the 'progressive Left' sees that time in the past as before Western Colonialism, into which, then, almost every problematic on the planet is now intersectionalised - for example the Israeli-PalestinianArab conflict - with total ignorance of the many repeating cycles of prior imperialisms to which that region was subjected (Ottoman, Byzantine, Roman, etc), 'Palestinian life' prior to 1948 was 'ideal'. These are just examples . . . there are so so so many . . . just to say I think this phenomenon of the Politics of Eternity plays out across the political spectrum.
"The politics of inevitability, the politics of eternity, the politics of catastrophe": not being funny, but Mr Snyder sounds almost like the coming catastrophe whether it be nuclear war or climate breakdown is inevitable owing to the world leaders in power today, it sounds so gloomy and grim. Is there no hope? How does his world view help us? How do we change things so that we can have a future, when we have such leaders as Putin and the current crop of Western leaders in power? The UK government is doing the same: harping back to an "innocent" time of the British Empire (!), when "The rich man was in his castle and the poor man was at his gate, and God made them, high or lowly, and ordered their estate." And by the way Putin isn't the only culprit: all "great" powers from East to West resort to attacks on the truth especially in times of war.
Anyone, who goes to a government, looking for THE TRUTH. is an idiot, but that does not mean that all governments abuse facts equally. There is no perfectly free press, but in SOVIET Russia the major news journal was called PRAVDA, the Russian world for truth - everyone with an IQ above room temperature knew that that was a joke. The New York Times, WaPo, Chicago, Tribune, Atlanta Independent, Seattle Times, San Francisco Chronicle, Wall Street Journal (not editorial page), FT, do not get everything right but their reporters make every effort to do so, every day, while printing the truth in Russia is a felony.
Zelenski has been a wonderful pawn for US carry out its military, ECONOMICAL and political plans against Russia, and at the same time, against Europe. Divide and reigns.
20 lessons from tyranny: P. V. L. K. I. A. S. G. (Hints: countries invaded by a certain country that calls itself land of the free). Guess what G stands for, bro!
Ambassador Matlock suggested to include Russia in NATO. The answer was NO. I do not know who was then the boss, but he needed NATO for: "To have Russians OUT, to have Germans DOWN and to get Americans IN. He fulfilled his purpose.
Russia said they wanted veto power and IF they couldn't have veto power they didn't want in. THE consensus of NATO at that time was Russia would NOT have veto power. IN retrospect they regretted giving China veto power as a block of five control NATO and China --an obvious non democratic, autocratic nation is in there & they did NOT want Russia in a powerful veto position as well. THE😈 devil's 👿in the details and people NEVER mention the details and then they get all hysterical cuz THEY have ONLY half truths to react to. SO I just wanted to clarify that ☺ the WHOLE TRUTH & NOTHING BUT THE TRUTH is my MO😏
It is implicit, or should become clear, that social animals (actively mobile individuals) have limited methods or combinations into which they can coalesce to form systems stable enough to remain or function as social organisms. We can abdicate cognition and responsibility to become eusocial - the ideal of Marxism, as well as the ideal of the several fascist, acquisitional empires. We can also look inward, colonizing only exteriorized outgroups. We can become inclusive, instead, attending to inequalities. You will notice that all three of these generalized methods of attaining some form of eusociality DO depend upon some solipsism. It is easy to fall into regard of all else than human being merely "environment" to be exploited. But, just as we exchange the most simple atomic and bonded elements with each breath, supporting, as I do implicitly and in reality here, ancient and giant redwood trees just outside this shelter. Sending CO2 from my ingestion and respiration directly to their creation of photosynthetic CHO-including structures, as well as their own continuing , constant, respiration. The oxygen they break off, they give to the atmosphere, in turn supporting the lives of all animals and other aerobic organisms. I differ from anthropocentrically-oriented individuals in inclusion, then, of other living organisms as equal partners, rather than diminishing their lives to exterior objects for exploitation. We take, as North American, and a few other cultures with which I've become familiar, as some high Asian and steppe indigenous, the recognition that we are merely one kind among many forms of life. Just as individuals are single members of larger related (if indistinctly so) groups. Running into huge herbivores and carnivores, we see easily the same cognitions. Whether bear, a very limited social animal, or a more obligate social mind like wolf - some intimate exploration of both have been subjects of study - we continually EASILY, again, observe that they, too recognize , in the same emotional way as do we, recognition and purposeful signaling of wants (need, desires; emotional expressions of utility, as it were) across species. I also encounter large herbivores. Bison encountering me, respond in distinct oral ways, and other ungulates signal across species in numerous ways, their responsive behaviors. Smaller organisms, as we understand from research, recognize densities of selves through chemical densities, changing outputs immensely, in phase transitions, which Professor Snyder has alluded to in speaking of the human heuristic "narratives" of politics. Polity, I remind you, is from Greek "community." Inclusion is familiarity, recognition of family. While some of my main intimate study has been of the cognition of carnivores, especially the social carnivore wolf, with questions involving recognition and basic causes of selection, it is habituation and intimacy which becomes striking. Just as you yourself first experience a nebulous awareness, discerning and habituating, refining over time the familiarity that you may test, or repeatedly test, it's clear that individual distinction functions in non-eusocial species. Ants and some other highly eusocial species respond in more stereotypical ways than do those who retain individual relationships (with other than the single reproductive member- "queen" in bees, or harem-keeping and self-iconizing males in our species). Let NO individual become an ikon, or image of "purity"; instead, recognize that the universe individuates, that there, but for fortune, go you or I. We are neurologically and cognitively built, evolved, to retain this recognition. This may well be why we so prize democracy, though under perceived threat, we may subject ourselves to a group or ingroup. An eidolon is a mental image. Brains necessarily create such associational heuristic (highly simplified) images, in order to respond as instantly as possible. It is universally true that demagogues, dictators, and some groupings of humans must and do constantly signal exterior threat, in order to maintain their social control. The threats that move individuals from a demanding democratic polity into a submissive unquestioning violent fragment of their own entity, may or do arise stochastically- unpredictably, requiring rules - normative behavioral pressure. This, though, is a phenomenon of complex dynamical systems, subject to constant modulation. To understand Prof. Synder's descriptions listeners may have to learn more of complex system mathematical theory. Chaos is merely one form, in which primary factors, "strange attractors" are indiscernable, due to complexity. ALL factors, in fact, include the tiniest separable, and unpredictability IS the norm in dynamical systems and this universe. Change is constant. This can be looked to as reason for constant adaptation in social contracts = laws. You actively exist within giant active systems, responding in part to yourself. If you look, as do the young of every species, at the motivating factor of the world being Eagerness, then you will understand yourself and all others. Remain eager, for, as those who nurtured me teach: "we are ALL relatives."
I like Snyder but this analysis doesn't help me see a solution to the problems of this era. It is extraordinarily complex and, in my opinion, excuses our political leaders unwillingness or inability to address these problems: climate change, inequality and rampant hypocrisy especially as represented by so called liberals in the US and much of Europe.
Remember in elementary when you would get a young, hip teacher who taught you the same things from the same book, that liberalism. Long hair, and funny glasses. Influencers.......mouth-pieces.
Idéologues spout the same divisive nonsense...Liberals believe in democracy and the right of individual expression do you disagree with that? Liberals, in overwhelming majority, support action to address climate change - the opposition come overwhelmingly from the fossil fuel holders in Russia, Saudi Arabia & Texas for example... those friends of a warming planet are not "Liberals" in any sense of the world. This is more reactionary slander in the form of mental mush and political gobbledegook.
Hypocrisy is not the problem with climate change the apparent problems are technological & economic, but the real problem is time. Left-wing hypocrisy is no match - as a cause - when compared with right-wing resistance whether it is the imbecilic denial of science or simply the corruption of gas&oil money that causes them to lie.
I do think that Putin knows about the famine that will come from climate change and this invasion is a way to secure grain for themselves without saying it. The way the country has been destroyed shows a preoccupation to flatten everything and make way for larger agriculture. Putin will not talk this l about this as well as China did not talk about this when investing in fertile Aftica.
That is simply a lie. He is a peer reviewed historian. if you want to misapply the word shyster (actually the word for a Jewish lawyer) to a dishonest historian you could use if for Newt Gingrich who publishes distorted history to sell to right wing bigots. That slur does not apply to Timothy Snyder in any honest way.
What a long roundabout presentation that says nothing new and really nothing new. I’ve never heard so many words and sentences that ended up saying nothing.
The word is "BOLLOX" & I hope you are not getting paid for spreading nonsense in rubbles because thanks to the world's honorable reaction to Putin's war crimes they are practically worthless and should remains so for a long time.
I don't think he mentioned the anti-Russia miItary alliance once in his 45-minute talk even though he says at the start that his talk will "help us understand why Russia has invaded Ukraine".
Something is not right with Snyder, a man who bought into the now refuted theory that the Russians interfered in the US election and claims that the USA never made a verbal agreement to not expand NATO when it was Baker who made that verbal promise.
@@sebolddaniel Russia is constantly making various promises and never bothers to keep them! This is an eternal aggressor and nothing can justify its attacks on Chechnya, Ossetia, Syria, Crimea, etc. Russia has phantom pain after the fall of the USSR and it's the only reason it keeps invading its neighbors.
Snyder lectures more here than in a regular interview, but he’s spot on as usual. The element of Putin is problematic because he’s following Ilyin in a White Russian nationalistic approach while he, as an isolated Fuhrer in the Covid era, wants to make his historical mark as restorer of white Russia. Unfortunately, he’s just another Creon with yes-men around him, so all he is actually accomplishing is the destruction of Russia as a major player in the world, and he is likely to be brought down within a matter of months.
@@alamacos1106 If we could only stop the Russians from establishing a Warsaw Pact in Mexico the way we were trying to make the Ukraine a member of NATO. Syria and Russia are allies and are there legally. Our occupation of the oil and wheat fields of Syria is a violation of international law and has resulted in starvation in Syria.
@@brianruppert1071 So you say President Putin has yes-men around him and yet you say he'll be overthrown in a matter of months. Do you know he has the majority of Russians' support?
Very unfortunate mistake by prof. Snyder - Ukraine will not go away because it gets something out of it cause Ukraine did not get into anything, it suffered agression and it has nowhere to go unit the last russian occupier breathes on our soil.
".. the era on confontation and division has ended ..." Innacurate. NATO existence abolished such possibility. NATO, and appendix from US Military-Industry Complex, so we have Mars on Earth.
We are are equally socialistic in America today. We give capitalism a bad name. The world views us as a model of capitalism, so when we see failure here m, the world points it out as a failure of capitalism.
You have a couple off conceptual truths that completely justify points of views. The rest was a delusion of the people paying your wage. If I were to offer an opinion, I would consider you a fool.
Timothy Snyder is very bright and knowledgeable person. One of the few on the West, successfully trying to understand the eastern Europe. Pity he is so strongly obsessed by climate change, that it skews otherwise bright analysis. Anyway, still interesting to watch.
@@jcroobug do you ever realize that there used to be bugs on the windshield after a drive. Are you old enough to remember that? Do you see that the bugs are just not there anymore.
@@rogerwelsh2335 I's suspect that has more to do with your inability to understand or your rejection of what he said because it is not the lies you are looking for. Of course, you'd have to be more specific for anyone to offer a more specific response...
Totally agree I literally waited till the end to see if there is still something coming out the speech. Total disappointment, I listened to other historians and it was enlightening to understand the entire situation.
@@joeyfotofr are you on a crusade to bark at anyone who didn’t like the speech, be it for whatever reason, and to label everyone as Russia supporters. You clown, we’re going back to the dark times. When will we (you) start burn books and prosecute everyone who disagrees, oh wait it’s already started.
Frankly this seems like a lot of self-serving gobbledigook to me.... Of course we can always throw around semantic terms like 'politics of eternity' etc but what explanatory power do they have? As far as I can see, very little. Snyder correctly describes some of the problems and mis-steps of Western liberal societies, but these processes are way more complex than could be explained by vacuous terms like 'politics if inevitability. Still, nice work if you can get it...congratulations Timothy!!
![CAMPปลิ้น | รวม Highlight 2024! PART [1/2]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/6hnvNnvYloU/mqdefault.jpg)
Professor Snyder is, in my view, one of the most knowledgeable thinkers, authors and speakers on a range of topics out there. He makes his thought process very accessible to any individual who is prepared to listen to his presentation. I'm greatful that individuals across the globe can attend talks like this one and broaden their horizon. Thank you.
Yes, he is a great thinker and speaker.
well summed up. 100% agree
Yup. Tim is one of the good ones.
🌬💙💛🙏 Merci tellement! Les mois passent et ma compréhension s’affine. Vous ai-je déjà dis combien j’apprécie apprendre de vous? À jamais redevable. 🙏💛💙
This was one of those TH-cam programs where I benefited from every single moment of the recording. I am grateful to the Tore Browaldh Lecture for sharing this interview with Professor Snyder. I am hoping that someone or more than someone in the European Union can seize this defining moment and take us forward. Ukraine has become a "hinge" experience of courage and compassion and change.
Very interesting. Despite his obvious intelligence and depth of knowledge, and the complexity of topics, I have always found Dr. Snyder to be fairly easy to follow. His work helps me to understand my world better than most.
Funny how clarity happens when a fair-minded person really knows what they're talking about... Dr. Snyder did devote his entire career to learning and teaching about this subject...
I as a veteran and retired letter carrier who left college for family reasons has been fortunate to actually meet Mr. Snyder at Harvard Bookstore and The Boston book festival. Mr. Snyder actually wrote a card to me from his hospital bed. I also sent him last fall a tourist map of Ukraine. I am so happy to have returned to education.
John Payne of Boston.
That’s beautiful, keep going
Worth watching every minute. Thank you.
WHITE Israely propaganda :(
@@abbefolkseger6927it’s really hard to comprehend what your remark actually means. The fact that you can’t spell might explain some things.
Very interesting seminar. What a guest! I learnd a lot. Timothy Snyder great orator! Hi from Ukraine!
Thank you, thank you Professor Snyder!
Thank you prof. Snyder for an enlighted lecture concerning a most tricky and urgent topic. Truth will set us free. The manna of freedom must be collected every day.
The problem is that the temptation of a political faction to say that their side represents truth, and then use untruth when the truth becomes inconvenient because "the ends justify the means" is always present.
I listen to Dr Snyder amap. He is a gift to the world, like Stephen Kotkin and Anne Applebaum. They've each worked extremely hard to acquire their knowledge and POVs.IMO it's our responsibility to at the very least listen to them.
At the Very least and at Our Peril if we don't.
They are all neocons that do not understand the role of the US.
Wholeheartedly agree. Even though the topics are grim, the lucidity of his thought process and deep knowledge of history is somehow calming. Things that appear baffling and infuriating are deconstructed and analyzed in a historical context and the clarity makes them less overwhelming.
@@raz_PNW I love it when Niall Ferguson totally trashes Snyder
You mean the half wit Niall Ferguson? The wannabe historian? The ultra-right rapacious capitalist apologist?
Thank you so much, Professor Snyder. This lecture is most helpful.
Wonderful talk. Profound as usual.
This was a great example of the explanatory power of applied history from Professor Snyder, followed by an excellent question & answer session. Wish I could have been there and I'm surprised the theatre audience was so sparsely populated.
Probably covid measures
Snyder's analysis takes us far beyond conventional right-left thinking about autocracy worldwide, including rise of Trump. And also about the climate emergency, seen as part of politics of catastrophe.
I'm finding Snyder's long essay on Russian Orthodox Fascist philosopher Ivan Ilyin to be a coherent expose of the profound danger Putin poses for the world.
Thanks to U of G. Excellent questions from you here.
Great lecture, thank you Professor Snyder!
"On Tyranny" and "Road to Freedom" are essential reading (Black Earth probably is too, just haven't gotten to it yet)
I wish we had this man on our news broadcasts every other night, explaining this stuff, deprogramming our Masses...
That last part more than anything....and his deliver, which results in very easy (at least for me) to understand and process thoughts and ideas, is perfect for as you said, deprogramming the masses. He doesn't talk over your head, relates to widely known events and concepts and delivers the core idea very clearly.
Very interesting and enlightening! Thank you so much for sharing here in its entirety on TH-cam. It gives me much to ponder.
A better future is not inevitable. A better future will come. But it takes effort. We must support the democratic institutions, the free aliances of democracies, the free exchange and the discussions of ideas, scientific and intellectual exchange, freedom of arts and expression, the value of knowledge and competance, trust in our common institutions, the ability to hold politicians acountable and vote, strong public institutions for education, health and culture, regulations of the marketplace for the common good. A change to sustainable energy.
That's very true! Dr. Snyder didn't mention the concept of his, the politics of responsibility. That's what you just described. We must believe in that.
I love this guy, and want to read each of his publishing !
I liked the final take that we have to see this war has something that should us wake up and fight for the good things we have and improve the things which are not great.
again brilliant lecture, learnt so much in just an hour. thank you. (love the inevitability - eternity - catastrophe framework)
Listening to/ reading Tim Snyder is a kind of fortification against despair. Even though the topics are grim, the lucidity of his thought process and deep knowledge of history is like being thrown a lifeline in the midst of a whirlpool. The clarity of his deconstruction of current crises in a historical context makes them far less overwhelming.
Everyone should read ALL Timothy Snyder's books.
He is a very talented man & a great historian & writer. He's able to synthesize the mound of evidence for a resurgence of fascism in a concise & clear way.
As an engineer, I see how what engineers have done has jeopardized the future, and I include myself among the guilty. But I also see how we can adjust our ways to improve that future against forecasts of doom. Take heart. With smart work, we can build a life for our descendants.
:) You are such an engineer, Tim Ttrwyn. We should throw in the arts, or we will be sitting in the middle of concrete drainage channels. They will be efficient, but there may be other things (like wildlife or competing public goods) to consider.
A very interesting lecture that I heard again today. I really love his aspect that Europe and EU to a large extent a forum also for old imperials that lost its powers. I have always been thinking that Brexit to a large extent is caused by a big group of influential Brits still living with the thinking of speciality and entitlement (most Brits don't though...but the society is coloured by it). To think that lots of the others are old imperial countries who has matured in their thinking and using it for unity is a fascinating and positive thought. I will discuss this with my UK friends...
Thank you for providing so much information and depth and the Politics and Time concepts.
This actually connects with Afsah Ebrahim 's lectures on Coursera where he opposes the politics of Weberian state to those countries looking for an "usable past" in the form of glory as for example Iran (the glorious past of Persia)
Would’ve loved to have Press Pastor Snyder as my history teacher. I guess he is everybody’s history teacher.
He is so right about studying history. How many time did I hear that history is boring and good for nothing major. When I pointed out how our path to Trump’s presidency mirror that of Hitler’s, so many people told me that we will never be like Germany. I don’t see how people cannot see the similarities.
@Tomas Bjarnesson Just so that you know, I am not comparing Hitler and Trump because of Timothy Snyder, it is after reading and studying German history since college. The similarities are there. You may say that one can apply Snyder's ideas to many other horrible leaders. And that is the precise point. Evil people follow evil paths. Most nationalists say our country first. And it happened in South Korea as it happened in Germany. All Trump did was copy that path. What Snyder did in his books and many lectures is to educate us to look out for the dangers of those simple talks that sound good to the ears, but bring doom to the existence of your own nation.
Thank you for a very great explanation of time and history and the results of our misinterpretation of facts. The politics of inevitability seems to place us on auto-pilot, which inevitably makes us unable to fully examine facts. This flaw seems to lead to the inequality that then breeds the backwards-looking of the politics of eternity, which further divorces us from the truth, placing us even deeper onto auto-pilot. Perhaps we need a mechanism, or awareness, that limits us from being on auto-pilot. Perhaps we need to realize that the world is a dynamic place that is ever-changing and therefore we need to look at the details and the facts objectively and know their consequences.
I find Professor Snyder brilliant at times. He is processing a lot of history, particularly the deep history of Eastern Europe, trying to see patterns in history. In doing so he is organizing and naming: inevitability (not a new concept), eternity (seems related to a religion), and catastrophe (we witness). These are categories, ways of thinking about thinking and projecting have consequences that follow if there is little or no awareness nor remedy ( counter force/s). To those here and elsewhere who have nothing good or only bad things to say about Snyder, I can only surmise that those thought processes, the work of trying to understand, have shut down so completely, their minds shut or lazy, or worse so not free anymore, that they cannot consider, or think openly, feel only threat to themselves. This itself proves what is being said..exhibit A. Again, Snyder is using a language and you have to follow it to understand. He has much factual knowledge to convey, to REMIND us of especially those with cherry picked narratives, pushing propaganda and lies.
Excellent lecture on politics of time. Very timely and urgent. As for the Russian aggression in Ukraine (let’s not forget Georgia and Moldova), and how to end it, it will be a very hard sell to the Ukrainians to ask them to give up on ANYTHING. Under the guns and rain of rockets, and with Grozny/Aleppo-scale destruction? Negotiated peace? Each side gives up on something? Give me break!
Putin's philosophy is "Might makes right." His war had been executed very incompetently. But since there is no chance that NATO will intervene (and Putin is not stupid enough to launch a direct attack on a NATO nation, thereby provoking a NATO intervention), in the end it is hard to see how the Russian Army will not succeed in their war against Ukraine. The Ukrainians can resist for a while, cause a lot of Russian casualties, etc., but they cannot win the war. And then Putin will take a page out of Thucydides: "the strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must".
If the Russians (read: Putin) get any concessions from Ukraine, their barbaric intervention will gain legitimacy. Next time a state wants something from another state, they will just destroy it first and negotiate second. There will have been a precedent.
This war must be stopped by the World. This is not just about Ukraine. And NATO should not be pushed into fighting Russia over Ukraine. But the United Nations should and must. Otherwise why have it?
aleppo who destroyed it, who saved it? academic equivalences? weird
@@padellina9596 I agree 100%. I'm guessing u r female. I wonder if ONLY women TRULY understand this in a visceral way. I've read several comments made by women who say that it is similar to a man when he can't have the woman he wants or his wife wants to become his ex-wife-- he simply kills her. I REALLY think that that scenario best fits Putin who thinks he's a macho supermale and Ukraine is a beautiful female that he always wanted-- with a gorgeous waterfront & the beautiful town of Kiev-- but he couldn't have so he's just going to destroy it completely until there's NOTHING left and NO people and then he will move in and populate the land with ethnic Russians.
PS. Midway thru my earlier comment, my phone flipped a word out!😩 SO to clarify: Zelkensky says this is NOT a war AGAINST Ukraine but rather a war AGAINST THE WEST & DEMOCRACY. Does Tim agree?
I think many people have this concern. Is Russia strong enough, though?
Also, I was so intrigued by how quickly Poland and Romania opened their borders (Very generously, I must add) to refugees. Is that because they have anxiety over potential invasion and attempted takeover by Russia of their own countries, so need to make a solid agreements with neighbours in case they need to call on them for support.
The central idea is brilliant though I take issue with Professor Snyder's understanding of the internal character of Ukranian politics and culture.
Denazify Russia - get rid of Putin
I think I'd say :
DeStalinize Russia - get rid of Putine.
But... YES...jt
The intro reminds me of this: In the long run, we are all dead.
Starts at 6.18
Go to 7:00
I'm struck by how the politics of eternity and the politics of catastrophe mirror certain pre-European type mythologies - Revelations, Greek Pessimism, and Ragnarok. it seems like this even feeds into some Japanese ideas within Hagakure about the decline of civilization.
It is strange to be hearing about the Politics of Catastrophe 50 years after publication of ‘The Limits to Growth’ 2 March 1972.
Please consult Mr. Gerald Home
Is there an alternative version of the last 30 years where the EU actively set out to bring the former Soviet states including Russia into the EU? Wouldn’t an EU which stretched to the Pacific be a superpower that could offer an alternative to Chinese authoritarianism and American emotionalism?
I’m not sure if emotionalism is the right word, I mean the swing from Bush to Obama to Trump and the dominance of a sort of short term thinking.
Not in US interest which has consistently sought to maintain hegemony in Europe.
The EU is controlled by the USA, this is important to recognise, so that won't happen. The USSR should never have been dissolved, it made way for the Western Oligarchs to move INCHES Eastward, in violation of the agreement (s) established in the 80s. This Professor is hypocrite, and though he CLAIMED he is not "here..." to talk about Russia, THAT is what the talk was about, using words of art, and deliberately manipulating the facts......Not once did he mention the Minsk Accord, he failed to mention that President Putin resigned recognising all the former USSA Sates as Sovereign, and he surely DID NOT mention the EUs, NATO and USA violations. This talk is corrupted by a professor from the USA, with a HISTORY of invading Nations, wiping out entire lineages across the GLOBE, in Europe, Germany, France, Spain, UK, Belgium, Sweden, Finland, Norway have BLOOD STAINED hands, Denmark etc etc etc.........the USA has 100 years of invasions (South & Central America or the entire Caribbean which is known as the Americas.......Russia has no such history, in fact, Russia came to the USA assistance TWICE (2) (ungrateful descendants of Europe). Russia has a history of fighting of invading forces that ALL came up through Ukraine.....there is no history of Russia leaving Europe to invade no Nation and settling and ultimately controlling for 3-4 years like the rest of the blood thirsty Europeans.
Having listened to interviews and speeches by President Putin for several months before postings from Russia were banned in the my country, I found him to be a student of history and philosophy aside from his PhD in Economics. Professor points to a problem of info in Russia, I experience it here and now in the us. Also, 7months into the SMO, a legal term as defined by the UN and followed by Russia, we watch as ukr shuts down tv stations, prevents war correspondents from traveling to areas of fighting, and criminally published a "hit list" of journalists and private citizens who say or print things President zelensky doesn't want read or heard. Not only a list of offenders but of their children or parents, giving addresses and putting xes through names of those murdered. This lecture was given before such horrors occurred but now we see a broader picture.
Although, I am puzzled by the introducer calling Russia and China "imperialist" nations when both have stated and shown their objectives not to be acquisition of territory or resources belonging to other sovereign states but rather engaging in trade and respectful agreements. Remember, please, in fairness, the Donbas and Lugansk oblests under the Minsk Agreements were supposed to have been recognized as autonomous areas within the Ukraine but for 8 years were instead bombed by Kyev. When Russia moved in, it was at the request of regions that had endured 8 years of shelling and were about to be invaded by the Azov military divisions intent on murdering Russian speaking populations. There is much more but please, before you draw your swords, do a bit of research or just consider the possibility of the UN stepping in at any time during those 8 years and promoting considered non- military solutions rather than the fiasco generated by nato and the eu with sad numbers of lives lost.
In Britain after 'Brittania Unchained' we've emerged into the sunny uplands of T S Eliot's Hollow Men.
Dr. Snyder. 'Ivan Ilyin, Putin’s Philosopher of Russian Fascism'
I'm sure Timothy doesn't like to speculate but I was really curious if he could have commented on what we should be doing that we aren't to aid Ukraine. Recently Zellensky said we will NOT enter into NATO and he repeated that again and again because he knows that's what Russians are talking about and that's what some of the people who are NOT helping Ukraine are saying, ie that it's their fault because they wanted to enter NATO. I wish Tim would comment on that and what we should be doing because I don't think we're doing enough.
TO put it in Timothy's type of language, Zelensky says this is NOT a war against Ukraine, rather this is a war against the too he can speak again at another place & another time and deconstruct that concept. I agree with Zellensky and I do NOT feel we are doing enough. I wrote many times to Biden as well as to several Senators but of course they don't really pay attention to us when it's a question of War. WE were in so many wars we wanted out of and they didn't pay attention. SO even if this is a war that some of us want, they aren't going to pay attention.
MY second question to Timothy Snyder would have been: DID you ever guess in a million years that Russia was going to invade Ukraine. AND I don't mean based on the fact that they had built up their military along their border but rather prior to that did you ever in your mind conceive of this massive invsion?
MANY people say that they NEVER would have thought it and yet I --who have no background in war or russia-- would have said that's a no-brainer, just a matter of time.
I recall when I went to Kuwait to teach English at the University ( and this was prior to Desert Storm)& I told my students they're going to walk across the border and take over your country and they laughed. Of course, THAT'S exactly what happened. WHEN a country has NO true defenses and they have something that someone else wants, that is what happens. WHEN America and the rest of NATO denied Ukraine membership when they first asked in 2014 and then later in 2016, this was wrong and the death of thousands or more Ukrainians is a direct result & IT'S on them (ie NATO). .
No, as a condition of EU accession, it was still on Ukraine to eliminate the massive problems of corruption they suffer with and have since made tremendous strides to eradicate.
One cannot blame NATO or EU for this, although Germany's Deutsche Bank has corruption problems of its own with a longhistory of laundering money for Russians.
I heard the term 'Hyper-normalisation' for 70s and 80s Russia and for neo-liberalism
A reflection about all those Russian trolls in the comment section: beware people, they are out in force.
These professors like Snyder are brilliant but when they talk about the bad things in past world history mainly war and all the atrocity's that come with it like, starvation, disease, torture, genocide, war crimes etc they analyze and study these things like they had a beginning that was created by a normal balanced human (and things just got a little out of hand)and that the answers must be normal like the historian himself. Rarely do I ever hear them talk about the mentally sick, often psychopathic and abnormal behavior attributed to men I.e Hitler and how distorted and dangerous their minds truly are and how their mental/emotional deviance is the unique feature and factor behind the desire for power, resources, wealth etc and that war in their own mind is the solution (inflicting pain brings pleasure to psychopaths, they need victims to emotionally stay fueled) These Narcissist elite powerful men (in the past ,present and future) are variable and unpredictable but they are common throughout history and are the very people responsible for the worst of the worst crimes against humanity, it's aftermath and then history.
From communism to capitalism, not to democracy.
Interesting talk. But there are some things that do not make sense to me, Russia has a variety of ethnicities that span from slavic too asian, so even though there is a lot of racism, they realize there is also need for a lot of inclusion. Whereas China, which still has high social mobility, at least compared to what they used to, is stepping up it's war against an ethnic minority to try and achieve a greater degree of cultural and ethnical uniformity. There is aways a disaster to blame somewhere, so I don't feel like the exclusion of minorities is something particularily connected to climate change.
I think of Russia as a segregated state: the Slaves and Asians don't matter.
There is a stark difference in wealth and political power between Russians and other ethnicities. The "russian" army fighting in Ukraine is not primary russian but asian and slavic (and from other minorities).
The big uproar around the mobilization was NOT because of the war, but because the war started to impact RUSSIANS.
Many bad things that are not caused by environmental stress are made worse by things like climate change. Bad things go on all the time in more manageable ways, then are made worse by pressure, until they explode into crisis.
The dude feels something vaguely, he understands that the transition from one state to another is not so simple. He tries to formulate this difficulty of transition as "the influence of time".
Fortunately, everything was invented before him. This difficulty of transition that arises after a revolution is called "political reaction". After any revolutionary change, there is a political backlash. For example, Russia is now in the stage of political reaction. The collapse of the Soviet empire was the liberation of people, along with Putin, enslavement came after the liberation. Fidel Castro is also a good example. This man was first a revolutionary, he brought freedom, then he became a reactionary, turning the island into a prison.
I have often found the 'eternity cycle' to seem to manifest in the minds of many many people and groups in different 'sectors of association' . . . not just in the most recent 'Trumpian' or now 'Putinian' manifestations (on the Right side of things) . . . but across the spectrum . . . groups of 'like minded' people most often seem to have some notion of a time in the past when things were 'ideal' or 'perfect' . . . many on the 'progressive' side of the Left for example, most often invoke a return to some perception of indigenous cultures as a time when humanity's relationship to nature and to life was ideal or perfect . . . . another version that shows up on the 'progressive Left' sees that time in the past as before Western Colonialism, into which, then, almost every problematic on the planet is now intersectionalised - for example the Israeli-PalestinianArab conflict - with total ignorance of the many repeating cycles of prior imperialisms to which that region was subjected (Ottoman, Byzantine, Roman, etc), 'Palestinian life' prior to 1948 was 'ideal'. These are just examples . . . there are so so so many . . . just to say I think this phenomenon of the Politics of Eternity plays out across the political spectrum.
"The politics of inevitability, the politics of eternity, the politics of catastrophe": not being funny, but Mr Snyder sounds almost like the coming catastrophe whether it be nuclear war or climate breakdown is inevitable owing to the world leaders in power today, it sounds so gloomy and grim. Is there no hope? How does his world view help us? How do we change things so that we can have a future, when we have such leaders as Putin and the current crop of Western leaders in power? The UK government is doing the same: harping back to an "innocent" time of the British Empire (!), when "The rich man was in his castle and the poor man was at his gate, and God made them, high or lowly, and ordered their estate."
And by the way Putin isn't the only culprit: all "great" powers from East to West resort to attacks on the truth especially in times of war.
Anyone, who goes to a government, looking for THE TRUTH. is an idiot, but that does not mean that all governments abuse facts equally.
There is no perfectly free press, but in SOVIET Russia the major news journal was called PRAVDA, the Russian world for truth - everyone with an IQ above room temperature knew that that was a joke.
The New York Times, WaPo, Chicago, Tribune, Atlanta Independent, Seattle Times, San Francisco Chronicle, Wall Street Journal (not editorial page), FT, do not get everything right but their reporters make every effort to do so, every day, while printing the truth in Russia is a felony.
Wouldn't it be weird if he was receiving grants from the military industrial complex to sell missiles? That would be really weird.
Zelenski has been a wonderful pawn for US carry out its military, ECONOMICAL and political plans against Russia, and at the same time, against Europe. Divide and reigns.
Troll Alert...jt
@@joeyfotofr he is not wrong.
20 lessons from tyranny: P. V. L. K. I. A. S. G. (Hints: countries invaded by a certain country that calls itself land of the free). Guess what G stands for, bro!
The first step towards a better world would be to hold academics responsible for their ideas.
What does that even mean? You're free to argue with their ideas and come up with your own.
Ideas? The problem is not ideas, it is actions.
Ambassador Matlock suggested to include Russia in NATO. The answer was NO. I do not know who was then the boss, but he needed NATO for: "To have Russians OUT, to have Germans DOWN and to get Americans IN. He fulfilled his purpose.
Russia said they wanted veto power and IF they couldn't have veto power they didn't want in. THE consensus of NATO at that time was Russia would NOT have veto power. IN retrospect they regretted giving China veto power as a block of five control NATO and China --an obvious non democratic, autocratic nation is in there & they did NOT want Russia in a powerful veto position as well. THE😈 devil's 👿in the details and people NEVER mention the details and then they get all hysterical cuz THEY have ONLY half truths to react to. SO I just wanted to clarify that ☺ the WHOLE TRUTH & NOTHING BUT THE TRUTH is my MO😏
It is implicit, or should become clear, that social animals (actively mobile individuals) have limited methods or combinations into which they can coalesce to form systems stable enough to remain or function as social organisms.
We can abdicate cognition and responsibility to become eusocial - the ideal of Marxism, as well as the ideal of the several fascist, acquisitional empires. We can also look inward, colonizing only exteriorized outgroups. We can become inclusive, instead, attending to inequalities.
You will notice that all three of these generalized methods of attaining some form of eusociality DO depend upon some solipsism.
It is easy to fall into regard of all else than human being merely "environment" to be exploited.
But, just as we exchange the most simple atomic and bonded elements with each breath, supporting, as I do implicitly and in reality here, ancient and giant redwood trees just outside this shelter. Sending CO2 from my ingestion and respiration directly to their creation of photosynthetic CHO-including structures, as well as their own continuing , constant, respiration. The oxygen they break off, they give to the atmosphere, in turn supporting the lives of all animals and other aerobic organisms.
I differ from anthropocentrically-oriented individuals in inclusion, then, of other living organisms as equal partners, rather than diminishing their lives to exterior objects for exploitation.
We take, as North American, and a few other cultures with which I've become familiar, as some high Asian and steppe indigenous, the recognition that we are merely one kind among many forms of life. Just as individuals are single members of larger related (if indistinctly so) groups.
Running into huge herbivores and carnivores, we see easily the same cognitions. Whether bear, a very limited social animal, or a more obligate social mind like wolf - some intimate exploration of both have been subjects of study - we continually EASILY, again, observe that they, too recognize , in the same emotional way as do we, recognition and purposeful signaling of wants (need, desires; emotional expressions of utility, as it were) across species.
I also encounter large herbivores. Bison encountering me, respond in distinct oral ways, and other ungulates signal across species in numerous ways, their responsive behaviors.
Smaller organisms, as we understand from research, recognize densities of selves through chemical densities, changing outputs immensely, in phase transitions, which Professor Snyder has alluded to in speaking of the human heuristic "narratives" of politics. Polity, I remind you, is from Greek "community."
Inclusion is familiarity, recognition of family.
While some of my main intimate study has been of the cognition of carnivores, especially the social carnivore wolf, with questions involving recognition and basic causes of selection, it is habituation and intimacy which becomes striking. Just as you yourself first experience a nebulous awareness, discerning and habituating, refining over time the familiarity that you may test, or repeatedly test, it's clear that individual distinction functions in non-eusocial species. Ants and some other highly eusocial species respond in more stereotypical ways than do those who retain individual relationships (with other than the single reproductive member- "queen" in bees, or harem-keeping and self-iconizing males in our species).
Let NO individual become an ikon, or image of "purity"; instead, recognize that the universe individuates, that there, but for fortune, go you or I.
We are neurologically and cognitively built, evolved, to retain this recognition. This may well be why we so prize democracy, though under perceived threat, we may subject ourselves to a group or ingroup.
An eidolon is a mental image.
Brains necessarily create such associational heuristic (highly simplified) images, in order to respond as instantly as possible.
It is universally true that demagogues, dictators, and some groupings of humans must and do constantly signal exterior threat, in order to maintain their social control. The threats that move individuals from a demanding democratic polity into a submissive unquestioning violent fragment of their own entity, may or do arise stochastically- unpredictably, requiring rules - normative behavioral pressure.
This, though, is a phenomenon of complex dynamical systems, subject to constant modulation. To understand Prof. Synder's descriptions listeners may have to learn more of complex system mathematical theory. Chaos is merely one form, in which primary factors, "strange attractors" are indiscernable, due to complexity.
ALL factors, in fact, include the tiniest separable, and unpredictability IS the norm in dynamical systems and this universe. Change is constant. This can be looked to as reason for constant adaptation in social contracts = laws.
You actively exist within giant active systems, responding in part to yourself.
If you look, as do the young of every species, at the motivating factor of the world being Eagerness, then you will understand yourself and all others.
Remain eager, for, as those who nurtured me teach: "we are ALL relatives."
This professor blocked comments in his "Ukrainian lectures." I am taking an opportunity to say that those lectures are such BS.
So who was it all this time destroying the environment?
Time…1947-1974 then stagflation
I like Snyder but this analysis doesn't help me see a solution to the problems of this era. It is extraordinarily complex and, in my opinion, excuses our political leaders unwillingness or inability to address these problems: climate change, inequality and rampant hypocrisy especially as represented by so called liberals in the US and much of Europe.
Remember in elementary when you would get a young, hip teacher who taught you the same things from the same book, that liberalism. Long hair, and funny glasses. Influencers.......mouth-pieces.
Would that it were that simple.
@@MrOliverwoodselementary? Hum.
Idéologues spout the same divisive nonsense...Liberals believe in democracy and the right of individual expression do you disagree with that? Liberals, in overwhelming majority, support action to address climate change - the opposition come overwhelmingly from the fossil fuel holders in Russia, Saudi Arabia & Texas for example... those friends of a warming planet are not "Liberals" in any sense of the world. This is more reactionary slander in the form of mental mush and political gobbledegook.
Hypocrisy is not the problem with climate change the apparent problems are technological & economic, but the real problem is time.
Left-wing hypocrisy is no match - as a cause - when compared with right-wing resistance whether it is the imbecilic denial of science or simply the corruption of gas&oil money that causes them to lie.
I do think that Putin knows about the famine that will come from climate change and this invasion is a way to secure grain for themselves without saying it. The way the country has been destroyed shows a preoccupation to flatten everything and make way for larger agriculture. Putin will not talk this l about this as well as China did not talk about this when investing in fertile Aftica.
Brown Margaret Wilson Timothy Harris Sarah
Vladimir Pozner: How the United States Created Vladimir Putin. TH-cam.
yes, brilliant.
Taylor Donald Harris George Lewis Laura
A very talented and entertaining shyster. He'll go (has gone!) far in the academic world.
That is simply a lie. He is a peer reviewed historian. if you want to misapply the word shyster (actually the word for a Jewish lawyer) to a dishonest historian you could use if for Newt Gingrich who publishes distorted history to sell to right wing bigots. That slur does not apply to Timothy Snyder in any honest way.
It
Rebuild sweden after ww2 ...... are you kidding me !
What a long roundabout presentation that says nothing new and really nothing new. I’ve never heard so many words and sentences that ended up saying nothing.
Hmm I must say I listened to the whole speech and it’s a lot of bullocks in my view!
The word is "BOLLOX" & I hope you are not getting paid for spreading nonsense in rubbles because thanks to the world's honorable reaction to Putin's war crimes they are practically worthless and should remains so for a long time.
@@joeyfotofr ok ok I forgot that the west is not allowing any opinion anymore . Seems like Putin is their role model after all
I don't think he mentioned the anti-Russia miItary alliance once in his 45-minute talk even though he says at the start that his talk will "help us understand why Russia has invaded Ukraine".
Something is not right with Snyder, a man who bought into the now refuted theory that the Russians interfered in the US election and claims that the USA never made a verbal agreement to not expand NATO when it was Baker who made that verbal promise.
@@sebolddaniel Russia is constantly making various promises and never bothers to keep them! This is an eternal aggressor and nothing can justify its attacks on Chechnya, Ossetia, Syria, Crimea, etc. Russia has phantom pain after the fall of the USSR and it's the only reason it keeps invading its neighbors.
Snyder lectures more here than in a regular interview, but he’s spot on as usual. The element of Putin is problematic because he’s following Ilyin in a White Russian nationalistic approach while he, as an isolated Fuhrer in the Covid era, wants to make his historical mark as restorer of white Russia. Unfortunately, he’s just another Creon with yes-men around him, so all he is actually accomplishing is the destruction of Russia as a major player in the world, and he is likely to be brought down within a matter of months.
@@alamacos1106 If we could only stop the Russians from establishing a Warsaw Pact in Mexico the way we were trying to make the Ukraine a member of NATO. Syria and Russia are allies and are there legally. Our occupation of the oil and wheat fields of Syria is a violation of international law and has resulted in starvation in Syria.
@@brianruppert1071 So you say President Putin has yes-men around him and yet you say he'll be overthrown in a matter of months.
Do you know he has the majority of Russians' support?
Very unfortunate mistake by prof. Snyder - Ukraine will not go away because it gets something out of it cause Ukraine did not get into anything, it suffered agression and it has nowhere to go unit the last russian occupier breathes on our soil.
wrong.
".. the era on confontation and division has ended ..." Innacurate. NATO existence abolished such possibility. NATO, and appendix from US Military-Industry Complex, so we have Mars on Earth.
We are are equally socialistic in America today. We give capitalism a bad name. The world views us as a model of capitalism, so when we see failure here m, the world points it out as a failure of capitalism.
You have a couple off conceptual truths that completely justify points of views. The rest was a delusion of the people paying your wage.
If I were to offer an opinion, I would consider you a fool.
Timothy Snyder is very bright and knowledgeable person. One of the few on the West, successfully trying to understand the eastern Europe. Pity he is so strongly obsessed by climate change, that it skews otherwise bright analysis. Anyway, still interesting to watch.
Anyone pushing the climate change cult messaging is immediately discredited. That cult is leading us into a dystopian global govt nightmare.
@@jcroobug do you ever realize that there used to be bugs on the windshield after a drive. Are you old enough to remember that? Do you see that the bugs are just not there anymore.
Hruza, Tell that to Floridians; New Yorkers; San Francisicans; The native people islands now under warmter etc
This speech is greatest waste of time!
Why do you say so?
I totally agree. It is so hard to believe that someone could speak on such a huge topic and somehow say absolutely nothing at all.
@@rogerwelsh2335 I's suspect that has more to do with your inability to understand or your rejection of what he said because it is not the lies you are looking for. Of course, you'd have to be more specific for anyone to offer a more specific response...
Totally agree I literally waited till the end to see if there is still something coming out the speech. Total disappointment, I listened to other historians and it was enlightening to understand the entire situation.
@@joeyfotofr are you on a crusade to bark at anyone who didn’t like the speech, be it for whatever reason, and to label everyone as Russia supporters. You clown, we’re going back to the dark times. When will we (you) start burn books and prosecute everyone who disagrees, oh wait it’s already started.
Behind all this are the evil claws of the vampiric rabbies of the syn agogue of satan aka "god of armies" and "great architect"
Frankly this seems like a lot of self-serving gobbledigook to me.... Of course we can always throw around semantic terms like 'politics of eternity' etc but what explanatory power do they have? As far as I can see, very little. Snyder correctly describes some of the problems and mis-steps of Western liberal societies, but these processes are way more complex than could be explained by vacuous terms like 'politics if inevitability. Still, nice work if you can get it...congratulations Timothy!!