What's the difference between /ɹ/, /r/ and /ʀ/? - English R vs. rolled Spanish & German R Sounds
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 10 ก.ย. 2024
- Billie English - the TH-cam channel to help you improve your English pronunciation, speaking and fluency! Billie is a certified CELTA English teacher trainer and has over 17 years of teaching experience. In this video we are going to compare 3 different R sounds that can be confused because their IPA sound symbols look quite similar: /ɹ/, /r/ & /ʀ/. One is the standard English R, the other two are rolled trills that we have in Spanish and German. I had so much fun making this video & I hope you enjoy watching it!
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★★ TIME STAMPS ★★
0:00 Standard English /ɹ/ - alveolar approximant: retroflex & bunched
2.24 Spanish rolled /r/ - voiced alveolar trill
5.10 German rolled /ʀ/ - voiced uvular trill
7.48 Summary
9.02 Don’t confuse with Flap T /ɾ/!
★★ WHAT THIS VIDEO IS ABOUT★★
In this video we are going to bring some clarity into 3 IPA sound symbols (and sounds) that are often confused with one another. We are going to learn about:
the standard English R in British and American English. The official IPA sound symbol is a lower case upside down R letter: /ɹ/. To help you understand how this sound is formed, I made some plasticine models - extra for you 🙂
Why many student books still use the symbol /r/ for the English R instead of /ɹ/
The rolled R sound we have in Spanish, represented by the IPA symbol /r/. This sound is a trill. I will show you how this sound is produced, so get ready to practise with me. I promise this will be fun!
The standard german R: another trill. This one is formed at the back of the throat with the velum. It is also called a uvular trill. Sometimes this sound is realised as a fricative instead of a trill, in which case the IPA symbol is an upside down capital R = /ʁ/.
The difference to the Flap T (also called Tap) /ɾ/. The IPA symbol looks really similar but this is a very different sound that we sometimes use instead of a /t/ or /d/ sound.
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Billie is a pronunciation coach and content creator based in Barcelona, Spain. Her main focus is English pronunciation, phonology and helping learners speak more fluently. Billie has a degree in Communication Research & Phonology, a PGCE in Primary Education, a Trinity College Cert & DiplomaTESOL and over 17 years of teaching experience. She also works as a CELTA teacher trainer, Cambridge examiner and educational advisor. Her videos have been featured in the Google funded AI app ELSA speak.
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Quick correction from a German native speaker: Most Germans pronounce the "r" as a voiced uvular fricative, not as a trill... Furthermore, the "o" in "rot" is a long vowel, thus the correct transcription would be [ro:t] with a long mid-closed vowel.
Thank you!
(1:39) I barely can hear the /r/ in "authority" because it is not so clear as in "red" when it is in its inicial position. Who knows you can post a video explaining the English R's in inicial, middle and final position. I think native English speakers use both retroflex and bunched /r/ depending on their position within a word or between words. I think the word "authority" uses a bunched r.
Amazing
Thanks a lot, Billie❤
Hi Billie! Great channel with very clear explanations. But you said a little mistake at the end of your video with the voiced alveolar tap or flap /ɾ/. The sound is often analyzed and thus interpreted by non-native English-speakers as an 'R-sound' in many foreign languages like Portuguese with the word "caro"(expensive), Spanish with "pero"(but), Greek "mirós"(thigh) and in many other languages.
The terms tap and flap are often used interchangeably.British linguist and phonetician Peter Ladefoged proposed the distinction that a tap strikes its point of contact directly, as a very brief stop, and a flap strikes the point of contact tangentially: "Flaps are most typically made by retracting the tongue tip behind the alveolar ridge and moving it forward so that it strikes the ridge in passing." That distinction between the alveolar tap and flap can be written in the IPA with tap ⟨ɾ⟩ and flap ⟨ɽ⟩, the 'retroflex' symbol being used for the one that starts with the tongue tip curled back behind the alveolar ridge. The distinction is noticeable in the speech of some American English speakers in distinguishing the words "potty" (tap [ɾ]) and "party" (retroflex [ɽ]). For linguists who make the distinction, the coronal flap (as in Spanish pero) is transcribed with ⟨ɾ⟩, and the tap (as in dd in American English ladder) is transcribed with a non-IPA symbol ⟨ᴅ⟩.
All this to say that it would not be correct to argue that the alveolar tap or flap/ɾ/ is not considered an R.
Hi Pete! Yes, I believe this is how I explained it too. This is not an R sound at all, but the sound symbol looks like one and so confuses many students which is why I discussed it briefly in the video: to ensure students understand it's not an R sound but more of a T sound. I have a separate video on the Flap T on my channel as well :-)
@@BillieEnglish Thank you for your reply. If you read my comment, I let understand that the voiced alveolar tap or flap/ɾ/ is an R in many languages, for that matter, the symbol resembles an R. It would be more correct to say that in English the voiced alveolar tap or flap /ɾ/ is not used as an R (In English for which the segment is present but not phonemic, it is often an allophone of either an alveolar stop ([t] like in "better") , but in many other languages it is the case, therefore we can say that the /ɾ/ is an R
In many dictionaries the American pronunciation of better would be transcribed as /'bɛt̬ɚ/ with a voiced t but I think /'bɛɾɚ/ is a better transcription.
I also think that is thr same sound as r in pero in Spanish /ˈpeɾo/.
Thanks a lot!
The retroflex r and bunched use the same symbol? Does that mean they are the same exact sound? Why do different cultures use the script r when the phonemes are completely different? What is the history?
Pease explain the pronunciation of flower and flour？We would love to hear from you.
Of course, watch out for a future shorts video! I'll post it next week :-)
Very interesting to make difference between rrrrr ❤I'm asked to write a long morphophonological data analysis essay analysing tibetan numerals simplex ves compound linaerly and non linearly , could you deal with that?
👍
Could you please explain retroflex?
I would like to know about .....icould I use a flap T in Internet or interesting......because in spoken English, the t in the middle disappears.Thanks.
Yes you can!
"red"
German: rot [roːt]
Dutch: rood [roːt]
Can you please explain the topic consonant cluster stop+nasal
I don't think we have this sound sequence in English, though it exists in other languages.
My tongue is too stiff for the alveolar trill, it can't vibrate, and the alveolar trill is clearly impossible for me.
It isn't so much a muscle movement of the tongue but rather, the tongue starts flapping/ trilling because of the air stream - you just need to put it in the right position and then use a strong air stream.
@@BillieEnglish I have no rights position for my tongue.
Amazing
Amazing