Windy Pass Thrust Fault with Bob Miller

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 12 ก.ค. 2022
  • CWU's Nick Zentner learns from renowned North Cascades field geologist Bob Miller (San Jose State University). This is Bob's 49th year in a row doing field mapping!
    Eightmile Trailhead: goo.gl/maps/pGxXNrcQcCVk1wjK7
    Lake Caroline (destination): goo.gl/maps/Acgz8R3VLaLuSGaL6

ความคิดเห็น • 97

  • @vinmansbakery
    @vinmansbakery ปีที่แล้ว +26

    A retired professor still wisely couches his comments, but it was a joy to hear him talking the dates up on top when you were sitting, and his speculation on shearing and folding. You guys just chewed up that mountain, even if you weren’t jogging! Great job!

  • @richstearns3790
    @richstearns3790 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Hi Nick. Another really great video. Thanks very much. I've been watching your presentations for a long time now and have wanted to meet you in person sometime and thank you in person. Some day.
    I am a 1977 CWU geology grad (studied under Bentley, Ringe, Higgins and Farkas), and got hired by the US Forest Service in Cle Elum right away and did geotechnical work for a number of years before jumping to mining admin work there and got to know most of the local mom and pop miners in the Liberty and nearby areas. I moved to NW Montana in 1991 and spent nearly a decade working on large copper/silver mining and permitting projects as a mineral examiner, then moved to Wenatchee to do similar (though considerably smaller scale) mining administration work, and abandoned mine assessments. Attending Central was not only a high point, but it opened me up to a wonderful world that's kept me going for a lifetime. Thanks again, Rich.

  • @hestheMaster
    @hestheMaster ปีที่แล้ว +13

    Impressed by the hike 3000 feet up with a 71 year old professor like Dr. Miller. Not only does he know his stuff ,after all he wrote the book about the Mt. Stuart range's geology , you got him to answer your questions about it. Plus lots of name
    dropping of others who have researched this area! Who knows if you be able to get them to "take a walk" with you next?
    I'm out of breath man just watching you gents!

  • @chakatrain
    @chakatrain ปีที่แล้ว +12

    Spectacular video. I felt like I was just hiking along. Looks like a gorgeous day and sure seemed like a great talk. Thanks for sharing.

  • @guiart4728
    @guiart4728 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    Mike and Stacia are great but glad you had Bob to yourself. Really got a coherent story out of the conversation! Thanks!!!

  • @101rotarypower
    @101rotarypower ปีที่แล้ว +12

    Special Thanks to Bob, that guy seems to have so much deep hard won knowledge on tap of this subject, it's a shame more is not collected in a place like YT easily accessible for future generations. He just rattles off so many rich details about an area, its hard to know if you are missing subtleties to his descriptions as you struggle to keep up.
    Grateful he is willing to share so much information, Thank You Bob! :)

  • @gordonormiston3233
    @gordonormiston3233 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    What a greatly informative hike with the two of you.
    Looking at the lovely scenery in a totally new way.

  • @turnerg
    @turnerg ปีที่แล้ว +17

    Not a geologist but man what I wouldnt give to be able to hike with you and your colleagues and just absorb the wealth of information that you have

  • @KozmykJ
    @KozmykJ ปีที่แล้ว +14

    It's all in that brain of his isn't it Nick.
    And with your help we get more of it unfolding and bringing it to life ... 👍
    Thanks Nick and Bob.

  • @JenniferLupine
    @JenniferLupine ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Awesome to join you for this hike and field geology! Great to hear from Bob Miller!
    Pretty rocks (and pretty flowers!). Gorgeous day!

  • @Champstarrable
    @Champstarrable ปีที่แล้ว +12

    Great so see you get 1 on 1 time with the master in his natural habitat. World class geologic field lesson for free, amazing stuff. Keep goin.

  • @myrachurchman5013
    @myrachurchman5013 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    A real treat tagging along with you guys.

  • @richardbatistelli7280
    @richardbatistelli7280 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    I feel like there is just the three of us on this geo. hike, me looking over your shoulder. Great fun.

  • @neallandsberg2678
    @neallandsberg2678 ปีที่แล้ว +17

    What an outstanding moment you captured, Nick. Right guy, my place, right weather, right geology! I’m a former geologist and I loved every minute of this one, thank you.

  • @catibree1
    @catibree1 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    This was a thrilling hike... How you two guys managed it, I'll never know. Beautiful beautiful scenery. I appreciate you taking us along on this amazing journey.

  • @rweaver6
    @rweaver6 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    A significant athletic performance, making a geology video and talking up a storm, while climbing that steep trail to see pretty rocks.

    • @briane173
      @briane173 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Makes me ashamed, to be quite honest. I can't walk up from the parking lot to Sherrand Pt. on Larch Mountain without huffin' and puffin'. Not that I'm in any shape, mind you; but I mean they just climbed 3,000 ft. without hardly breaking a sweat; I'd be dead.

  • @craigmccue2841
    @craigmccue2841 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Amazing and awesome treat! Thank you both, Bob and Nick for your time and efforts to make this hike and show us those incredible features. I loved the view through the trees with the Ingalls on top of the Chiwaukum Schist and the boundary of the Windy Pass Thrust. To see that in real world after seeing your drawing was very cool. Also the folded rocks were awesome. Can't say I've ever seen anything like that in my area but that's likely because any of that if it exists is below the Columbia River Basalts and the more "recent" volcanic activity of Central Oregon.

  • @baldwinleatherworks
    @baldwinleatherworks ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Thank you Dr Zentner & Dr Miller for a wonderful & fascinating video. I always learn something new from your videos and just love geology. I can’t hike anymore due to a spinal injury which has left me permanently bedbound, but I love that I can see these fascinating places through your eyes on video. I wish I would have focused my undergrad and graduate degrees in the field of geology instead of the social sciences. Thanks again from a rock hound at heart.

  • @peacenow4456
    @peacenow4456 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Gads, hiking and talking. I'm so VERY impressed. And out of breath just flat on my back, watching. Wonderful!! Dang Bob! Keep on, keeping on, dear man!!

  • @willbradley7450
    @willbradley7450 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    "Deformation of the Mush...", exactly~! Got it Bob, thanks. The Mt. Stewart batholith was deformed by thrusting of the Windy Pass Thrust Zone when it was mushy magma.

  • @sdmike1141
    @sdmike1141 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    “But I’ve got questions…”. Mt. Stuart was folded?!! BREATHTAKING (🤣)views!! Field geologists rule!! Can’t wait for Myrl’s rebuttal. Thanks Nick.

  • @wtpauley
    @wtpauley ปีที่แล้ว +4

    I can understand the reasons that Dr. Miller presents for not supporting Dr. Beck. That being said, I came into this liking the idea of Baja BC. A meeting of the minds to discuss points and counter points would be good, with the outcome being a focused target for where to do further work to prove the theory. In the end I'm not invested in either position, I just want to raw data from every researcher to be combined into the bigger, no... ...biggest picture possible. Only then will we truly have a better understanding.

  • @carla1348
    @carla1348 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Bob was my tectonics instructor at SJSU waay back then as he was just digging into the main "thrust" of his work out there in Washington. Word in class at that time was no, don't do field with Bob, you'll be hiking half of Washington 10 thousand feet in the rain. Well, no one who actually did field camp with Bob had those stores to tell. They had, instead, tales of amazing foliations that only Bob could point out because foliation to Bob was like fabric to couture designers. What he was then, and even now, is humbly passionate about this land and the geostories he found so fascinating. Exciting as his former geo student to hear you both mash on and on about dates, the "mush," and how the bits fit into that BajaBC tale you're itchin' to evangelize, Nick.

  • @charliebartholomew1564
    @charliebartholomew1564 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    what a fantastic geologic journey with spectacular scenery; Thanks so much Nick and Bob/

  • @faithijn8338
    @faithijn8338 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    GORGEOUS! Impressive work gentleman! Nick and Bob thank you for a great Ramble! Those Rocks are stunning and the Scenery too!.

  • @cindyleehaddock3551
    @cindyleehaddock3551 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Wow! Thanks Nick and Bob for that really informative geohike! I agree, you learn a lot more outdoors than you can from just books and maps. It sure helps when you two go over the map then point out features. Really helps visual people like me understand what is going on!

  • @Engineer1980
    @Engineer1980 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Incredible to see the gorgeous scenery and to have Bob describe what we are looking at! Priceless. Thank you Nick!

  • @kyleroth1025
    @kyleroth1025 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Thank you Professor Zentner.

  • @JAOM
    @JAOM ปีที่แล้ว +4

    There are very few people in this world who shares the knowledge for free just for the love of it. Walter Lewin (MIT Physics) and Nick Zentner (CWU) are couple of them. God bless you Nick and Mr. Miller for this wonderful video. I know you are dehydrated in this hike but you never show it in your enthusiasm.

  • @geoffreynewton5839
    @geoffreynewton5839 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Did I learn anything that will change my life or indeed my knowledge? Probably not, but I saw some stunning scenery of somewhere I will most likely never get to visit and listened to some friendly discourse about the factors that shaped this part of the world.
    Even conflicting theories and ideas were touched upon and welcomed as possibilities still to be proven, not discounted as complete garbage as is the want of much of the modern world.
    In summary, “thank you, I love you and goodbye”

  • @gordongadbois1179
    @gordongadbois1179 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    GNEISS CLASS PROFESSORS ENJOYED THE HIKE AND WISDOM. BEAUTIFUL AREA OF THE EARTH. THANKS

  • @mikepallister3037
    @mikepallister3037 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thanks for teaching you guys are fine fun and enlightening gentlemen

  • @paulbugnacki7107
    @paulbugnacki7107 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    That was really special. Worth a second viewing to let all of that sink in. Especially regarding the folding. That concept was really folding my brain as I was following along on the map. I’ll need to dig into that some more. I hope I’m in as good of shape as you guys when I get to be your age. Thank you for that opportunity to learn a bit more from the guy that literally wrote the book. More please!

  • @ZombieCartmanYT
    @ZombieCartmanYT ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Ok now I feel like I have no excuses. I gotta get up into the mountains

  • @101rotarypower
    @101rotarypower ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Each clue and question addressed is exciting! Really hope there is some reinforced strong thoughts based on all the information that will be covered and collected on the BBC question! Keep it up, such great content!

  • @zazouisa_runaway4371
    @zazouisa_runaway4371 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Oh Yes! Enjoyed a lot! Another one to rewatch in a kind of preparation for the next Baja BC series! Looks like both of you had an amazing time ! Thanks for sharing such moment! Thanks to Bob too! Thanks Nick! 🥰

  • @LillianArch
    @LillianArch ปีที่แล้ว +3

    What a delight! He says “just over the ridge” and I look ahead at the farther green ridge and wonder if that’s it. Oh my!! He’s right: What pretty folds and green in the rocks. Then you discuss those rocks were once in Baja!!!!! the wonders of the rocks.

  • @fairhall001
    @fairhall001 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Crime pays but botany doesn't and Nick would be an awesome double team. Thanks for packing us in your rucksack for the tour of the mountains. Thanks for the free geology lessons all the way from Australia.

  • @neebeeshaabookwayg6027
    @neebeeshaabookwayg6027 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Wonderful... I can really FEEL it!! Thank you sooo much!! Would love it there!! Going to listen, now-- will LOVE that, too, 🤗🥰

  • @robertbeach7498
    @robertbeach7498 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you Nick and Bob. Great way to take us to the classroom and explain it in a easy to understand formate. You guys are the best. Glad you guys enjoyed it too. Love yah too

  • @gregoryhoefer3660
    @gregoryhoefer3660 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Really enjoyed the outdoor field trip again. Thanks Nick

  •  ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Lovely episode... Love this convo with Bob. I can totally relate to this, cuz music is a geographical conversation too! I love and know the trail you're walking, yet it's been a few decades. Thanks for this share, Nick! Warms my heart.

  • @joeslicklive
    @joeslicklive ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Great video Prof Nick... So informative... One of the best wow fun and beautiful area... wow TY so much

  • @GregInEastTennessee
    @GregInEastTennessee ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Just beautiful and very informative! You knocked it out of the park with this one!
    Q: at 40:50 was that a rock slide? They were awfully big boulders. Could it have been caused by a quake, or just erosion loosening the boulders? (Enquiring viewers want to know. 😉 )

  • @brandonjohnston7746
    @brandonjohnston7746 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I have to give you the credit for me studying geology, siesmology, volcanology and geophysics for so many years, One day I hope I get the chance to come to cwu and soak up all your knowledge, I know more about the pnw than my own home here close to red River gorge ky, I wish I could show you picture of some of our geology.

  • @donnacsuti4980
    @donnacsuti4980 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wow relooking at things and bring together these older experts to think about it all while including newer research is so important to adjust conclusions. What you are doing Nick and friends is important to the advancement of knowledge and science! Wonderful and thank you all for your work and collaboration and for sharing it all with us. Excellent exciting and fun. I hope some young people see this and want to go into the field.

  • @stand7074
    @stand7074 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Thank you Nick. Fascinating discussion (I know I couldn't tell you about my thesis...lol) and natural classroom. Such a beautiful area.

  • @daytonlights-peterwine468
    @daytonlights-peterwine468 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    That was great! I could feel the heat, as I just came in out of the 90+humid mess that is outside today. I've seen this now in three "chunks," as I try to take it all in. I plan, also, to watch it start to finish before the winter Baha-BC class starts, too. Congrats to you both on a great learning experience, and doing it as a hike was wonderful. I am equally amazed by the learning, and your hiking ability as you climb the 3,000 elevation change so well.

  • @micheledodge8063
    @micheledodge8063 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    For Bob, this is a mere “amble” or perhaps even a “stroll” 😂

  • @RussellSenior
    @RussellSenior ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Not even breathing hard, just a pleasant 3000-foot-climbing stroll.

  • @montananative2414
    @montananative2414 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you for sharing your knowledge with us professors!!!! We are blessed.

  • @BasedQasim
    @BasedQasim ปีที่แล้ว +8

    Thank you for another amazing Geology video. I am taking notes on these videos. I really appreciate it :) ❤❤

  • @gregorygreene1940
    @gregorygreene1940 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This video and the latest Walter one are classic blue bird days with beautiful views.

  • @charliebartholomew1564
    @charliebartholomew1564 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Now we are getting somewhere when we try to date the actual movement of the whole complex of Mt Stuart. This will be truly amazing when it all gets sorted out: 91, 92 to 94 million years. Going to be very interesting and, of course, very informative when everyone ads to the Baja experience!

  • @AndrewLander3
    @AndrewLander3 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Very interesting and historical important documentation, Great work Nick

  • @brandonjohnston7746
    @brandonjohnston7746 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thanks nick. Your the best buddy, as always, thank you for all this hard work and alot of hiking, I shared on Facebook and told my friends just how great you are, the best geology professor in all the land 😁😁 love you brother hope all is well, love the bijou for me🐈😺

  • @jodieharnden5413
    @jodieharnden5413 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    "Nobody likes trees"...I'm dying 😂

  • @complimentary_voucher
    @complimentary_voucher ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Nothing beats seeing and talking about it in situ 👍

  • @darrenmarrable2530
    @darrenmarrable2530 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Wow So awesome and educational . Great work. Thankyou again.

  • @skazztheterrible
    @skazztheterrible ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Early 60s! Wouldn't have picked that, doing well!

  • @hjpngmw
    @hjpngmw ปีที่แล้ว +3

    I hope the woodpecker enjoyed the hike as much as I did!

  • @cyndikarp3368
    @cyndikarp3368 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    THANK YOU, BOB MILLER & NICK ZENTNER! AMAZING GEOLOGY LESSONS!
    HIKING ON FANTASTIC MOUNTAIN VIEW TRAILS FOR ALL TO ENJOY.

  • @wtpauley
    @wtpauley ปีที่แล้ว +2

    You both are amazing, I'd have problems hiking that... I need to get back into shape.

  • @rayschoch5882
    @rayschoch5882 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Spectacular country!! Again. And on a spectacular day. Even if I knew nothing about geology (and I'm pretty close to that), it'd be a great hike, though probably longer than I'd manage. My pace would be much slower, however…

  • @yukigatlin9358
    @yukigatlin9358 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Yeah, Mount Stuart Batholith is an enchilada folded in Mexico?!!😄✨💛The magnetism signatures may have not locked in until it cooled down maybe up here?! It would make sense to me... SO fun!! Thanks, Nick and Bob!!!😃💞💫

    • @yukigatlin9358
      @yukigatlin9358 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@macking104 Thank you for the clarification! I'm still learning the paleomagnetism...😊

  •  ปีที่แล้ว +2

    add in: First time I hiked up here was 1965! We were a ragtag local Boy Scout Troop.

  • @bleachcheeks4837
    @bleachcheeks4837 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I hope i can do what you guys can at your age, truly marvels of men

  • @bassmouter4694
    @bassmouter4694 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Both aged men, but young of body and spirits!

  • @ziggstah5307
    @ziggstah5307 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I think the most enjoyable was Bobs "thrust faulting the younger gen " for not being there lol

  • @jeffraber9110
    @jeffraber9110 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    @41:46 "Poway" near San Diego- Is pronounced Pow-way, says this proud graduate of Poway High School. I'm intrigued because 99% of the rocks down there are crappy, brown decomposing granite boulders- but every so often you'll find a little outcrop of hard, white (peppered with black) granite that looks exactly like what Nick was showing us last week at Steven's Pass. Poway is not far from Baja California... makes you go "hummm"

    • @Steviepinhead
      @Steviepinhead ปีที่แล้ว

      @@TheDanEdwards Just FYI: Stuart.

  • @Poppageno
    @Poppageno ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thanks Nick and Prof Miller! Nick I am glad your there you know the right questions to ask. I'd be "and what kind of rock is this?" While you are "Well. doesn't that implicate folding?" Looking at the BIG picture! Speaking of which with all the coeval batholiths entrained along the West coast doesn't it seem like the Nazca/Farallon had many LIPs in different locations that were accreted @91Ma?

  • @malcolmcog
    @malcolmcog ปีที่แล้ว +1

    My local geoconservator group is looking at an Ordovician horst that has possible thrust faulting from the Caledonian orogeny. It is so complex, we have an Emeritus Professor and various sedimentary petrologists (like me), we can't make sense of the faults/thrusts. We are looking at quartzite/mature sandstone with clay layers that most/some of the faults/thrusts are along. We already did work on the clay layers, they are ariel ash falls onto shallow marine

  • @Robert-ys9zy
    @Robert-ys9zy ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Fantastic

  • @zam6877
    @zam6877 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Wooow!....so jealous 🥺

  • @shawnchristensen3057
    @shawnchristensen3057 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I've watched allot of Nick's TH-cam adventures. One thing that is a question in all of this is; What about the clockwise rotation that is happening within Washington?
    If you take into account and work it into the folds that they talk about here and in other segments. What if? The clockwise rotation that is happening and has been happening over thousands of years, or millions, given the fact that some of this may have been happening during a liquid molten state of the rock.
    Then it stands to reason that some folds, may have happened during said clockwise rotations thousands or millions of years ago. Which one then has to question? Did it happen during an up thrust of molten material, or a clockwise transition during a molten state?
    They talk of magnetism within the rock before solidification or in the least just prior to solidification. Which in my understanding could have happen well within the clockwise rotation if said rotation was transpiring during the cooling stage or prior too.
    So if one takes some or all of these into consideration then are they off on their estimates of when and how?
    Granted Nick is a fan of the Stuart Range moving up from Baja California. I don't argue that possibility! Just the liquid state of said rock, the clockwise rotation within Washington, and the folding of said rock within it's supposed liquid state, and the magnetism once it became a solid.
    All of which could explain certain aspects of the current state of the rock in it's current geological state once it became a solid.

  • @toms6213
    @toms6213 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Thank you from Cincinnati

  • @johnplong3644
    @johnplong3644 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Umm I don’t know what I like more , the geology or the scenery

  • @BumAssGolfer
    @BumAssGolfer ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Nick if you ever get down to the Jamestown, CA- Table Mountain area would love to buy you dinner & hear a few of your stories. I have some amatuer drone footage of the Stanislaus River & Knights Ferry California on my page. Fyi.
    Thanks for your knowledge.

  • @tomdoe5698
    @tomdoe5698 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    in ala. theres a state park ,chewalca built during the depression

  • @lineinthesand663
    @lineinthesand663 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Delightful. Thank-you. Wonderful change of scenery from my flat, dusty backwater, with 3D o/c to boot! It is always a treat to go into the field with someone who mapped it.
    Contemporaneous thrust-folding in an emplacing granite?. Is the granite concordant to the phyllites? Did melting occur by high-T fluid escape up-thrust?

  • @peterp4319
    @peterp4319 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    awesome

  • @PaulHigginbothamSr
    @PaulHigginbothamSr ปีที่แล้ว +2

    According to Bob Miller then the Ba Hah supposition seems less likely? Yes No? What I understand about this area is the complication of the Straight Creek Thrust. THIS IS VERY COMPLEX. In time and space. Orientation. So Stuart had cooled by 91 mybp. A supposed Dome of heat to cool Canada. How long is the Straight Creek Thrust and how vertical is it???

  • @Karl43Hungus
    @Karl43Hungus ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great presentation and beautiful scenery, but I hafta ask...no bears, no snakes, no pumas? I hope not.

  • @On-Our-Radar-24News
    @On-Our-Radar-24News ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I wish I could follow your discussion on the maps. It would be helpful if that map could some how be combined with a geographical map? Is this possible? If I were your student, I would be seeing you after class for some additional instruction 😁

  • @jonathanwilliamson5143
    @jonathanwilliamson5143 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hello Nick have you watched any Myron Cook videos he's a good teacher just like you

  • @quixoticPrancer
    @quixoticPrancer ปีที่แล้ว +2

    How do you know it's Windy pass (i.e. wind that blows) and not Windy pass (i.e. like a winding road)?

  • @kenttaylor7024
    @kenttaylor7024 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Where can we download these papers by Mr. Miller? I'm having a hard time finding them.

  • @oscarmolinaoutdooradventur1648
    @oscarmolinaoutdooradventur1648 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    👍🏼👍🏼❤️❤️❤️

  • @ssstephen801
    @ssstephen801 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Are these Stewart mountains pass are they still moving up and pushing towards north would like to know

  • @dennisstorie4604
    @dennisstorie4604 8 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    Looks like a mad hornets nest

  • @danasmith3288
    @danasmith3288 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    "That's what science is all about." . . . referencing someone who might correct him to his possible mistakes . Bingo!

  • @davidholder3207
    @davidholder3207 ปีที่แล้ว

    Just a question if you don't mind gentleman. If you keep walking the same old paths up the mountain side then how will you possible discover something new?