An excellent overview as always! Penda is a really interesting figure, and the Welsh connections to his dynasty have always fascinated me. And thank you for the shoutout, that’s very kind of you!
Mercia should of never been forgotten. I am from Tamworth and worked at the castle telling people the forgotten history of a lost kingdom so to speak. Keep up the good work of spreading the history of this great lost kingdom.
I originally come from a town near to the former capital of Mercia, Tamworth. I moved to Wales about 4 years ago. Much respect for covering the alliance between Mercia and Wales / Cymru (Cum-Ree). "Wales" comes from the old Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) word "Walha" which means "Foreigner" The origin of "Cymru" is less clear but is thought to be related to an old Brittonic word "combrogos" - 'a compatriot' or 'a fellow-countryman'.
I randomly got this video recommend and listed to it while doing housework. Very interesting person I knew absolutely nothing about, and now I do know a little bit.
man you have just ignited the historical bit of my mind which has pretty well lain undisturbed since sitting in class aged 8 or 9 in the 1970s. ironically i should by now be at older brothers’ watching the England soccer team in their biggest ( all bar 2 years ago ) game since 1966 but can’t stop listening to your information which somehow flows nicely enough to keep me hooked ! i won’t waffle on but you’re adding a piece of a puzzle I’ve not engaged in spite of being obsessed with Geography - beginning with having to be dragged away from the wall mounted Michelin enamelled metal wall maps of the British Isles which all garages would have in the middle of the last century. mum bought me a paper map of same subject aged 6 or 7 & i was up & running - gradually building a collection of old ,newer & current maps gradually concentrating upon my home region which you’ll know as Wessex but to be precise the bit which became the New Forest sometime around 900 to 1000 yrs ago. And this is my point ! I can identify pretty well every hill & stream from Salisbury to Poole to Portsmouth but know or knew hardly anything about the ancients around here beyond the very black & white narrative ( that an Anglo Saxon flotilla arrived one Monday morning & told the Britons or Celts or Gaels to get lost , be slaves or get killed ) which we school kids were at least given - which I’m beginning to appreciate isn’t the whole story… Thanks Fella. Your work deserves attention from a great many more of all ages especially from southern England because it’s really interesting & although you reference a tv series I’m certain there’s a lot more folks as ignorant as me -in our region especially whom never realised there was a lot going on or to learn about beyond just Stonehenge or King Rufus getting an arrow in his eye obviously ‘by accident ‘ as it states on that monument up at Knightwood Enclosure… 😁👍🐢
Great video. Recently started the History of England podcast and he spent 2 episodes on Penda. Was a bit hard to follow but your videos cleared up any thing I didnt understand. Thanks!
Let me also say I think you channel is absolutely brilliant and I will share it with everyone I know. Thank you for this and good quality of your information .
England belongs to the mercians!! Also, it is quite interesting that Penda's name even has a welsh flavor, especially the "pen" suffix, which probably comes from welsh *pen*. But the -da suffix, don't know. Maybe from welsh *da* (good)?
Great breakdown! It's been hard for me to envision some of the lesser kingdoms mentioned prior to this. Something I find interesting about the conflicts of Penda's reign is that it does put to the lie the idea of inherent English vs British or Christian vs pagan conflict in this period in Britain. Conversely, there was a real a alignment in interest between the Christian Welsh kings and the pagan Penda; in that both are opposed, in different ways, to the Rome-looking Northumbria, presenting itself as the "correct" church (which is why English chronicles of this era often paint British Christians in similar terms as pagans). Oswiu's victory in the 650s and subsequent hegemony paved the way for the adoption of the Roman model of Christianity throughout much more of Britain.
One of my ancestors was a Titta maybe one of Pendas folk as theres a few villages with the name Titley and Tittenley (Shropshire). P.s Like Penda we have Welsh connections.
PS to be more succinct histo-geographically ( is this a thing?) , our homes’ closest antiquities which i can begin to look further into are the castle ruins at Christchurch which must be THE one structure which relates to this videos’ period - otherwise it’s Henry the 8ths’ Hurst Castle ( located in the middle of The Solent estuary at the tip of a 1.5 mile long shingle spit ) which even i appreciate is from much later along with monastery ruins at St Leonard’s nr Beaulieu- i believe destroyed in Henrys’ purge & my aforementioned King Rufus stone which I thinks’ location is becoming contested . i did once watch a presentation relating to the apparent 1st Anglo Saxon invasion of Englands’ south coast in which the map demonstrated Jutes radiating into now south west Hampshire from a landing site which I nailed down ( by slowing the video & the colouration progress of said incursion inland) to Milford or Keyhaven which indeed ignited my interest no end but further searches revealed nothing & being how I’d never seen anything around here recording such a historic moment just figured the channels’ representation was more demonstrative than factual. Either your style of teaching this stuff is just the right balance or just my being more mature than junior school or perhaps it’s both but I’m gripped & greatful I’ll be capable of adding a more human context to the various sites & ancient buildings amongst our district , sub region & regions’ landscape Best of luck & keep up the good work from an ancient heating engineer.
I'm excited to find out if Penda had anything to do, with the Staffordshire Hoard. It's been years cense they found it near Watling Street. With so many artifacts, to analyze, it could be a while before we know the full story. Not all of the 600s is completely dark.
Gonna stereotype based purely on your appearance and say you're a metal enjoyer. If you do like that stuff take a listen to English metal band Winterfylleth - they sing about English heritage, one of their albums is named "The Seige of Mercia". One of their band-tees has the stained glass from Wocester Cathedral showing the death of Penda - thats what led me to your video :)
@@studiumhistoriae My favourite of their tracks is 'The Swart Raven', they have a new album coming out soon and its gonna be great. Can always spot a fellow metalhead :) Have a good day man, I like you're videos.
Outstanding video, well researched and presented. I particularly liked your illustrative use of maps. I did not know that Penda possibly had multiple Sub-Roman Briton vassals. My understanding from the recent ancient DNA comparisons with current English populations is that there was indeed a very large turnover and migration, but it was not complete. Keep it up!
I think Merewalh is most likely a Son of Penda, his marriage was to a daughter of the Kings of Kent, as did another Son, there was also 2 marriages to Northumbia as well at a point after there had been marriage's between Kent and Northumbria as well...
4/55 Thank you Tom Lovell for your Beautiful Illustration that captures very well the conflict between Wisdom of Christ and human arrogant folly 10/48 Another son of Penda was Merewahl according to Goscelin who should be introduced and adds Merewahl was father of Saint Milburg 12/46 King Redwald of the Two Altars was in Bede Doubleminded James 1/8 A doubleminded man is unstable in all his ways see James 4/8 Cleanse your hearts doubleminded King Redwald better described as Semi Christian Semi Pagan 13./43 Pagan Penda successors?y Why do you not mention ALL his Six children became Christian which is Amazing 14/22 Beautiful Depiction of Bishop but can you identify Please? Thank you
I don't know about tracing it directly, but pretty much everyone with white English ancestry is somehow related to the kings of Wessex and Mercia. Statistically speaking, you're probably a descendant of Penda, but exactly how is hard to say. Anyone who can trace their family to the British royal family is definitely a descendant of a pagan king.
You're right about that. Penda is so often called the last pagan king, even by academics, but Arwald was technically a pagan until his death around 686. I think the reason for this is that Penda is mentioned a lot more than Arwald in Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica, and Arwald is never explicitly called a pagan, unlike Penda. All Bede says is that Wight was "accustomed to idolatry" until it was conquered by Wessex, when Arwald was killed. I had completely forgotten about him, so thank you for mentioning this!
@studiumhistoriae it's just a little mistake, but aside from that, your video is excellent. I had searched a while back for a video on King Penda, but there wasn't much of anything, and now here you are doing us a service.I do believe Arwald was almost certainly a pagan though
Panda or maybe it was one of the other last pagan Kings of Europe I don't remember who it was I never got the name but it said that he was the last Pagan king of Europe so I'm thinking it's panda it said that his last words were I'd rather be in hell with my ancestors and friends than in heaven with my enemies
"And here Penda fell, and Eowa, the brother of Penda, with thirty nobles, who were leaders of the army of the pagans. " Does this not suggest that Ewoa fought along side his brother and not against him
Sorry I haven't seen this comment before now. I don't know which translation you're getting this quote from but the Latin of the Historia Brittonum reads "ipse fecit bellum Cocboy, in quo cecidit Eoua filius Pippa frater eius rex Merciorum et Oswald Rex Nordorum et ipse victor fuit per diabolicum artem. Non erat baptizatus et numquam deo credidit" Which translates literally to "he [Penda] made war with Cocboy, in which fell Eowa, son of Pippa [Pybba], his brother, king of the Mercians, and Oswald, king of the Northerners [Northumbrians], and he was victor through diabolical arts. He was not baptized and never believed in God." As you can see, the Latin is far more ambiguous. It has traditionally been assumed that Eowa was on Penda's side since they were brothers, but that might not be the case. It's not 100% clear either way. I hope that helps clear things up!
Incidentally, the Historia Brittonum is the only source that mentions Eowa here, so the translator you're getting the line from likely took some liberties and tried to combine information from different sources, like the thirty followers. Also I don't know if you miscopied it or if the translator is to blame, but as you can see from my translation, Oswald died in that battle, not Penda.
@@studiumhistoriae The "Historia Brittonum" is not the only source that mentions Eowa. Eowa is also mentioned in Bede's "Ecclesiastical History of the English People "In bello autem Winwaedhæ Penda pugnavit, et Eowa frater ejus, et Æthilhere et Oslac, filii eorum, et Oswald Northanhumbrorum rex, et alii multos reges et exercitus interfecti sunt. Qui cum Penda fratre suo, et filiis eius, Wulfhere et Eowa, multa annorum serie regnasset. In quo etiam bello Oswiu rex, filius Æthelfrithi, septem episcoporum comitantibus septenis plebibus, omnipotentem regem victorem precibus incessanter invocabant, ut eos de manibus barbarorum, quibus iniquitas et fraudulentia plena erat, eruere dignaretur, ut ad ecclesiam suam securi redire possent. Quibus auditis, statim barbari, qui eis instabant, velut per ludibrium super quasdam plantas ab imo divinitus sese prosternentes, ab eis eorumque finibus et salubribus locis recesserunt. Quod postea divinitus factum a multis narrentibus audivimus, qui illo tempore erant viventes. Hoc bellum quidem temporale, sed tamen et spirituale vocabulum habere potest, quia per ipsum multis animabus salus æterna parata est, quia statim a passione gloriosa et triumphali confessorum et martyrum, quorum hic numerus multo plures quam mea capacitas amplecti posset, ad martyrii palmam sublimati sunt."
@@WealdsLegacy Do you know where in Bede's history this is? I've looked everywhere in my copy and even did a word search in the version at The Latin Library but can't find this quote
@@studiumhistoriae HISTORIAM ECCLESIASTICAM GENTIS ANGLORUM: LIBER TERTIUS 24. But i see indeed the Latin library reads differently, so does Rev. J.A. Giles version
Nice, more early England. Interesting that we still call ourselves Britain and British even after the Anglo-Saxons took over. Or maybe I have my history in a twist.
The use of "British" became popular after the union of England and Scotland in 1707, when it became a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Britain. The island itself was named after the Britons who were one tribe, but the Romans used the term to refer to all the native Celtic peoples there. So the connection is indirect but still a pretty interesting turn!
@studiumhistoriae are the celts really the natives? They migrated from mainland Europe like the saxons and Normans did. Beakers were here before them, stonehe
@studiumhistoriae are the celts really the natives? They migrated from mainland Europe like the saxons and Normans did. Beakers were here before them, stonehe
@@DerekDerekDerekDerekDerekDerek ''Native'' makes sense when far more People are born on and know the land for decades and centuries better than any Newcomers that's for sure. May I have an Amen?
I strongly disagree with the interpretation that Britons mostly assimilated to Anglo-Saxon culture. The absence of any sort of brithonic words in old English contributes to the tradition ideas of the extermination of most Britons
I’m using flourished for my birthday always. “Oh yea sure fl. between c. Pre dynastic - present. Huh? Why can’t you put that on the card? Fine then. Roman numerals. MCMDXXXiV…”
An excellent overview as always! Penda is a really interesting figure, and the Welsh connections to his dynasty have always fascinated me.
And thank you for the shoutout, that’s very kind of you!
Ew
@@DerekDerekDerekDerekDerekDerek huh???
Mercia should of never been forgotten. I am from Tamworth and worked at the castle telling people the forgotten history of a lost kingdom so to speak. Keep up the good work of spreading the history of this great lost kingdom.
I originally come from a town near to the former capital of Mercia, Tamworth. I moved to Wales about 4 years ago.
Much respect for covering the alliance between Mercia and Wales / Cymru (Cum-Ree).
"Wales" comes from the old Germanic (Anglo-Saxon) word "Walha" which means "Foreigner"
The origin of "Cymru" is less clear but is thought to be related to an old Brittonic word "combrogos" - 'a compatriot' or 'a fellow-countryman'.
I randomly got this video recommend and listed to it while doing housework. Very interesting person I knew absolutely nothing about, and now I do know a little bit.
Glad you enjoyed it!
The material y'all are producing is top notch and most assuredly hard to find sir. Thank you from Texas.
man you have just ignited the historical bit of my mind which has pretty well lain undisturbed since sitting in class aged 8 or 9 in the 1970s. ironically i should by now be at older brothers’ watching the England soccer team in their biggest ( all bar 2 years ago ) game since 1966 but can’t stop listening to your information which somehow flows nicely enough to keep me hooked !
i won’t waffle on but you’re adding a piece of a puzzle I’ve not engaged in spite of being obsessed with Geography - beginning with having to be dragged away from the wall mounted Michelin enamelled metal wall maps of the British Isles which all garages would have in the middle of the last century. mum bought me a paper map of same subject aged 6 or 7 & i was up & running - gradually building a collection of old ,newer & current maps gradually concentrating upon my home region which you’ll know as Wessex but to be precise the bit which became the New Forest sometime around 900 to 1000 yrs ago.
And this is my point ! I can identify pretty well every hill & stream from Salisbury to Poole to Portsmouth but know or knew hardly anything about the ancients around here beyond the very black & white narrative ( that an Anglo Saxon flotilla arrived one Monday morning & told the Britons or Celts or Gaels to get lost , be slaves or get killed ) which we school kids were at least given - which I’m beginning to appreciate isn’t the whole story…
Thanks Fella. Your work deserves attention from a great many more of all ages especially from southern England because it’s really interesting & although you reference a tv series I’m certain there’s a lot more folks as ignorant as me -in our region especially whom never realised there was a lot going on or to learn about beyond just Stonehenge or King Rufus getting an arrow in his eye obviously ‘by accident ‘ as it states on that monument up at Knightwood Enclosure…
😁👍🐢
Love this period of history, and you bought the subject of Penda to life. Thank you
Glad you enjoyed!
Learning so much from your videos - always enjoyable to watch. Thank you.
Great vid, a fluid and fascinating period of English history!
Always learn something new from your videos. Very interesting.
Nice shout-out to Cambrian Chronicles. I love that channel. And I am a new subscriber to yours! Good video
This documentary is phenomenal
Great video. Recently started the History of England podcast and he spent 2 episodes on Penda. Was a bit hard to follow but your videos cleared up any thing I didnt understand. Thanks!
Penda ...my favorite historical figure
Icel ap Eomer, 1st King of the Iclinga. ( He arrived from Jutland )
Nice pull...and you are?
Utterly brilliant that guy is. And I've even more respect for him now I've watched this.
Let me also say I think you channel is absolutely brilliant and I will share it with everyone I know. Thank you for this and good quality of your information .
I appreciate the kind words. And thanks for keeping me humble by making me second guess my research 😂
@@studiumhistoriae happy to keep you on your toes 😜
15:10 Mere can also mean a body of water (e.g Hornsea Mere) or boundary (Marford).
A great talk. As mercians my cat Penda and I thank you.
England belongs to the mercians!!
Also, it is quite interesting that Penda's name even has a welsh flavor, especially the "pen" suffix, which probably comes from welsh *pen*.
But the -da suffix, don't know.
Maybe from welsh *da* (good)?
Excellent video. I'm glad I found such an informative channel
Thank you for the great video.
I loved this highly informative video, thank you for your great work
I've always wondered. Glad you made this video! 🧿
Great breakdown! It's been hard for me to envision some of the lesser kingdoms mentioned prior to this. Something I find interesting about the conflicts of Penda's reign is that it does put to the lie the idea of inherent English vs British or Christian vs pagan conflict in this period in Britain. Conversely, there was a real a alignment in interest between the Christian Welsh kings and the pagan Penda; in that both are opposed, in different ways, to the Rome-looking Northumbria, presenting itself as the "correct" church (which is why English chronicles of this era often paint British Christians in similar terms as pagans). Oswiu's victory in the 650s and subsequent hegemony paved the way for the adoption of the Roman model of Christianity throughout much more of Britain.
Interesting video. Modern local pronunciation of Eccles is "Eck-uhls" (rhymes with gulls)
One of my ancestors was a Titta maybe one of Pendas folk as theres a few villages with the name Titley and Tittenley (Shropshire).
P.s Like Penda we have Welsh connections.
PS to be more succinct histo-geographically ( is this a thing?) , our homes’ closest antiquities which i can begin to look further into are the castle ruins at Christchurch which must be THE one structure which relates to this videos’ period - otherwise it’s Henry the 8ths’ Hurst Castle ( located in the middle of The Solent estuary at the tip of a 1.5 mile long shingle spit ) which even i appreciate is from much later along with monastery ruins at St Leonard’s nr Beaulieu- i believe destroyed in Henrys’ purge & my aforementioned King Rufus stone which I thinks’ location is becoming contested .
i did once watch a presentation relating to the apparent 1st Anglo Saxon invasion of Englands’ south coast in which the map demonstrated Jutes radiating into now south west Hampshire from a landing site which I nailed down ( by slowing the video & the colouration progress of said incursion inland) to Milford or Keyhaven which indeed ignited my interest no end but further searches revealed nothing & being how I’d never seen anything around here recording such a historic moment just figured the channels’ representation was more demonstrative than factual.
Either your style of teaching this stuff is just the right balance or just my being more mature than junior school or perhaps it’s both but I’m gripped & greatful I’ll be capable of adding a more human context to the various sites & ancient buildings amongst our district , sub region & regions’ landscape
Best of luck & keep up the good work from an ancient heating engineer.
At the start you forgot to mention the filming of Bernard Cornwell's Saxon/Viking novels.
Wow I’m surprised nobody has heard of this dude with the scarcity of information about him on the internet
I'm excited to find out if Penda had anything to do, with the Staffordshire Hoard. It's been years cense they found it near Watling Street. With so many artifacts, to analyze, it could be a while before we know the full story. Not all of the 600s is completely dark.
very interesting
Thanks
Mercia consisted of several kingdoms, Penda has a Welsh name, so might have been from one of the western sub kingdoms or from a Welsh mother
Gonna stereotype based purely on your appearance and say you're a metal enjoyer. If you do like that stuff take a listen to English metal band Winterfylleth - they sing about English heritage, one of their albums is named "The Seige of Mercia". One of their band-tees has the stained glass from Wocester Cathedral showing the death of Penda - thats what led me to your video :)
Haha your stereotyping would be correct, I'll check them out!
@@studiumhistoriae My favourite of their tracks is 'The Swart Raven', they have a new album coming out soon and its gonna be great. Can always spot a fellow metalhead :) Have a good day man, I like you're videos.
Outstanding video, well researched and presented. I particularly liked your illustrative use of maps.
I did not know that Penda possibly had multiple Sub-Roman Briton vassals. My understanding from the recent ancient DNA comparisons with current English populations is that there was indeed a very large turnover and migration, but it was not complete. Keep it up!
I think Merewalh is most likely a Son of Penda, his marriage was to a daughter of the Kings of Kent, as did another Son, there was also 2 marriages to Northumbia as well at a point after there had been marriage's between Kent and Northumbria as well...
This is great
King Arwald of Wihtwara (isle of Wight) was the last pagan king.
Yeah someone else mentioned that. He slipped my mind it would seem since he's not nearly as well known as Penda
I þought þhis was called a “thorn”.
4/55 Thank you Tom Lovell for your Beautiful Illustration that captures very well the conflict between Wisdom of Christ and human arrogant folly
10/48 Another son of Penda was Merewahl according to Goscelin who should be introduced and adds Merewahl was father of Saint Milburg
12/46 King Redwald of the Two Altars was in Bede Doubleminded James 1/8 A doubleminded man is unstable in all his ways see James 4/8 Cleanse your hearts doubleminded
King Redwald better described as Semi Christian Semi Pagan
13./43 Pagan Penda successors?y Why do you not mention ALL his Six children became Christian which is Amazing
14/22 Beautiful Depiction of Bishop but can you identify Please? Thank you
Can people trace their family trees back to any Pagan Kings?
I don't know about tracing it directly, but pretty much everyone with white English ancestry is somehow related to the kings of Wessex and Mercia. Statistically speaking, you're probably a descendant of Penda, but exactly how is hard to say. Anyone who can trace their family to the British royal family is definitely a descendant of a pagan king.
Penda was not the last pagan English king that would be Arwald of Wright
You're right about that. Penda is so often called the last pagan king, even by academics, but Arwald was technically a pagan until his death around 686. I think the reason for this is that Penda is mentioned a lot more than Arwald in Bede's Historia Ecclesiastica, and Arwald is never explicitly called a pagan, unlike Penda. All Bede says is that Wight was "accustomed to idolatry" until it was conquered by Wessex, when Arwald was killed. I had completely forgotten about him, so thank you for mentioning this!
@studiumhistoriae it's just a little mistake, but aside from that, your video is excellent. I had searched a while back for a video on King Penda, but there wasn't much of anything, and now here you are doing us a service.I do believe Arwald was almost certainly a pagan though
Extremely underrated period of history.
Panda or maybe it was one of the other last pagan Kings of Europe I don't remember who it was I never got the name but it said that he was the last Pagan king of Europe so I'm thinking it's panda it said that his last words were I'd rather be in hell with my ancestors and friends than in heaven with my enemies
"And here Penda fell, and Eowa, the brother of Penda, with thirty nobles, who were leaders of the army of the pagans. " Does this not suggest that Ewoa fought along side his brother and not against him
Sorry I haven't seen this comment before now. I don't know which translation you're getting this quote from but the Latin of the Historia Brittonum reads
"ipse fecit bellum Cocboy, in quo cecidit Eoua filius Pippa frater eius rex Merciorum et Oswald Rex Nordorum et ipse victor fuit per diabolicum artem. Non erat baptizatus et numquam deo credidit"
Which translates literally to "he [Penda] made war with Cocboy, in which fell Eowa, son of Pippa [Pybba], his brother, king of the Mercians, and Oswald, king of the Northerners [Northumbrians], and he was victor through diabolical arts. He was not baptized and never believed in God."
As you can see, the Latin is far more ambiguous. It has traditionally been assumed that Eowa was on Penda's side since they were brothers, but that might not be the case. It's not 100% clear either way. I hope that helps clear things up!
Incidentally, the Historia Brittonum is the only source that mentions Eowa here, so the translator you're getting the line from likely took some liberties and tried to combine information from different sources, like the thirty followers. Also I don't know if you miscopied it or if the translator is to blame, but as you can see from my translation, Oswald died in that battle, not Penda.
@@studiumhistoriae The "Historia Brittonum" is not the only source that mentions Eowa. Eowa is also mentioned in Bede's "Ecclesiastical History of the English People "In bello autem Winwaedhæ Penda pugnavit, et Eowa frater ejus, et Æthilhere et Oslac, filii eorum, et Oswald Northanhumbrorum rex, et alii multos reges et exercitus interfecti sunt. Qui cum Penda fratre suo, et filiis eius, Wulfhere et Eowa, multa annorum serie regnasset. In quo etiam bello Oswiu rex, filius Æthelfrithi, septem episcoporum comitantibus septenis plebibus, omnipotentem regem victorem precibus incessanter invocabant, ut eos de manibus barbarorum, quibus iniquitas et fraudulentia plena erat, eruere dignaretur, ut ad ecclesiam suam securi redire possent. Quibus auditis, statim barbari, qui eis instabant, velut per ludibrium super quasdam plantas ab imo divinitus sese prosternentes, ab eis eorumque finibus et salubribus locis recesserunt. Quod postea divinitus factum a multis narrentibus audivimus, qui illo tempore erant viventes. Hoc bellum quidem temporale, sed tamen et spirituale vocabulum habere potest, quia per ipsum multis animabus salus æterna parata est, quia statim a passione gloriosa et triumphali confessorum et martyrum, quorum hic numerus multo plures quam mea capacitas amplecti posset, ad martyrii palmam sublimati sunt."
@@WealdsLegacy Do you know where in Bede's history this is? I've looked everywhere in my copy and even did a word search in the version at The Latin Library but can't find this quote
@@studiumhistoriae HISTORIAM ECCLESIASTICAM GENTIS ANGLORUM: LIBER TERTIUS 24. But i see indeed the Latin library reads differently, so does Rev. J.A. Giles version
Nice, more early England. Interesting that we still call ourselves Britain and British even after the Anglo-Saxons took over. Or maybe I have my history in a twist.
The use of "British" became popular after the union of England and Scotland in 1707, when it became a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Britain. The island itself was named after the Britons who were one tribe, but the Romans used the term to refer to all the native Celtic peoples there. So the connection is indirect but still a pretty interesting turn!
@studiumhistoriae are the celts really the natives? They migrated from mainland Europe like the saxons and Normans did. Beakers were here before them, stonehe
@studiumhistoriae are the celts really the natives? They migrated from mainland Europe like the saxons and Normans did. Beakers were here before them, stonehe
@@DerekDerekDerekDerekDerekDerek ''Native'' makes sense when far more People are born on and know the land for decades and centuries better than any Newcomers that's for sure. May I have an Amen?
Wales had loads of Christian princes
And more importantly, saints ✝️❤️
STATUE IN THE CATHEDRAL !!
hi are you also pagan?
When you’re a descendant of the original outlaws laughing at the elites from the forest 🌳😁 you have no power here
Independence for the Kingdom of Kent.
& northern England, former Northumbria with a population three times or more than of Ireland (mostly independent) or Scotland or Wales 🤔
Kingdom of mierc shd hav its wn series tv
17:43 Odin is a God
... which was made up by demons.
@SoldadoCatolico and yours was made up by greedy kings
@@B1_1_9_7_5 ... Is what your schizophrenic neo-pagan copium tastes like.
I strongly disagree with the interpretation that Britons mostly assimilated to Anglo-Saxon culture. The absence of any sort of brithonic words in old English contributes to the tradition ideas of the extermination of most Britons
But there wasn't an absence of Brythonic words in English. Where did you get that idea?
@@c0lumbo uh yeah there is lol
DIOC3SE
I’m using flourished for my birthday always. “Oh yea sure fl. between c. Pre dynastic - present. Huh? Why can’t you put that on the card? Fine then. Roman numerals. MCMDXXXiV…”