The Birth of Civilisation - Rise of Uruk (6500 BC to 3200 BC)
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 16 มิ.ย. 2024
- In the final episode of our three part series, we examine the rapid organisation of communities throughout Mesopotamia from the 7th millennia, which culminated in the rise of the worlds first true city.
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#History #Mesopotamia #Uruk
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I hate being a farmer. Hunter-gatherers encircle my field and yell, "go wheat boy, go!"
Gilgamesh loving wheat boy, trying to take away our spears!
haha the farmer boy is lacking in dietary diversity
@@PurplePalmTreeParadise and has bad teeth
But the wives like the fact he's home more nights 😂
@@davebeecher6579 I think farmers would exhausted more often, so they would get wasted out pretty quickly at night. Farming without metal is a tough job, you know?
I love that we both don’t upload proper videos in months and months and then randomly upload on the same day. People might start to think we are conspiring. Nice vid! Looking forward to delving into it
No way its perfect for binge watching
You both 10's
You both have the greatest history channels
Love when you two post new videos! Big fan!
Both channels are great and your brother's as well! 👍👍
Told my wife I was watching "The Rise of Uruk". She wants to know when Saruman is going to show up.
Lmao I dont blame her at all😂😂😂
The Uruk-Hai?
Lol hell yeah
...
I don't get it I'm dumb.
i was born in 7325 BC, and damn this brings back memories. things were so different back then
The earliest known writing found on pottery: World's Greatest Dad
First scroll finding: “Civilization for Dummies”
The first writing came out of Portugal. Writing around 7000 bc, and an alphabetical system, about the same time as this civilization here, started pressing shapes
@@funderbee ??? ummm no.
@@funderbee are you really trying to say that the Portuguese made an alphabet, almost _twice_ as far back as cuneiform? No, I'm sorry; that just simply isn't true...
Lol I would have said: "Sky's Greatest Dad"...
Oh man this weekend just got a whole lot better. My grandmother was born in the Mesopotamian marsh’s. Greetings from Mesopotamia Iraq 🇮🇶 to everyone watching ♥️
Greetings from Arkansas. Respect
I love utube:) Ireland here ..Repect
Down Under is in the house. G'day mates, from an couple of Australians.
✝️🙏🇺🇲
𒁲 𒀕𒅕 - greetings from unug
About 10 years ago, the ancient gold treasures of Ur went on a museum tour. I caught it in Houston. I’m here to say, those ancient craftsmen did incredibly intricate work 6000 years ago.
And here I am having never beat super Mario Brothers.
Yeah dude, they had a lot of time and were still human after all
I’ve watched the series a couple times now and I must say, well done Charles. You’ve done good on us all
I am so incredibly grateful for the content you make. I've had trouble sleeping since forever and one of the few things that help me sleep is listening to podcasts and videos like these. Your videos, especially those in this series, not only help me sleep so much better but are of such high quality and are so interesting to listen to that it takes me several nights to get through them. I start watching the first night, fall asleep, and the next night I go back to the last part that I can remember and continue to watch from there. I can't emphasise enough how positive of an effect discovering your channel has had on my sleep, and I'm so happy that the subject of your videos is history - a subject which I can never get enough of.
So from someone with lots of love for history, and who's had such difficulty sleeping for so many years, thank you so much. You are the best.
Hit the nail on the head here! Educational videos with good narrators tend to ease my sleeping troubles as well and I am NOT good at sleeping lol
Glad it's helping other people too :)
Same here, have you found
Fall of civilizations? It's also amazing.
Me toooooooooooo!!
I'm sorry to hear you have such difficulties with getting to sleep, Anton B. I have a similar problem - -I can't fall asleep until after the sun comes up! Luckily I'm retired, so it's not like I have to get up and go to work, but still, it drives me crazy to miss out on being awake in the daytime. Anyway, I'm glad you've found something that helps you, my friend.
Amazing how these cultures lasted for thousands of years. Goes to show how the cultures of today are just a couple more in the history of humanity
if you think of "modern" society starting in the 1900's that could mean the next stage in civilisation could be the 3900s. The humans of that era will look at us the same way we look at these ancient cultures.
I think that we will be looked at a little differently because of our nearly globalized society. This is something (to our knowledge) that has never happened before with global trade and communication. Not to mention massive population.
Part of it might be the surrounding area wasn't that populated and the tribes nearby were too small and were further back in technological advances, maybe assimilated to these civilizations. Over all stagnation in societal hierarchy combined with those factors would mean that there is little happening. People accepted their roles in society. Which in the end is a bad thing for human progress. Think of it this way, Thousands of years and little to no progress from starting point and compare it to the last 2000 years.
@@Searly255That's pretty optimistic
I find they did not advance much in that area today.
A TH-cam channel made this?? Wow, I’m impressed. The quality is more sophisticated than the usual style on this platform
It’s been hacked together from other documentaries’ videos but still quite interesting.
I just LOVE history! I don’t see how anyone finds it boring?!! Fascinating stuff.
A lot of school teachers can make it boring, and puts a bad taste in their mouth, I definitely had my share of bad teachers, but I also had a few that actually made me start to enjoy history, and once I started doing my own research I found out how much there is to learn about our history and how fascinating the evolution of different societies and cultures over the millenia is.
@@patrickbateman4362 same here Patrick. a bad teacher can turn a person off to a subject for life.,...I'm just glad I went through my school days prior to the WOKE, pronoun pushing, gender-confused "teachers" who spend more time brainwashing young, pre-pubescent children about perverse sex acts, and their own "here & queer" lifestyles, than the subject they are getting paid, (from our taxes🙄),...to teach.😉👍
@@mjonhouston Conservative propaganda go brrrr
Woke take on history is more exciting?
@@JK-ji3kl What "wokeness" do you perceive here?
Some of the best history content on TH-cam. 10/10, loved the whole series.
Thanks man, appreciate it.
You got to try fall of civilisation!!!
@@TheHistocrat .,
Agreed i LOVE THESE SERIES
You got good taste dude! Glad to have been a long time sub of yours :)
Nothing like watching these to fill in all the gaps from the mind numbing awful history classes I took in various institutions....
For real.
Almost all of them not even bothering small details and focus much on the broader side of history or the mainstream I suppose.
Could have paid more good tension, but Cheech &Chong weren't on syllabus in history for me either, my attention is always a pharaoh short of a dynasty.
Kind of same here.
Maybe you just have adhd
I can’t begin to tell you how many times I’ve gone to sleep listening to this series. I try to stay awake and listen to it all because it’s so fascinating, but it’s also very soothing.
Simply stunning, some of the best content on TH-cam, thank you for all your hard work 👍
Not at all what I expected. I thought the Uruks were pure warriors who came mainly from Isengard under the rule of Sauramon the White. I'm very surprised that they had these statues and other artifacts of a real culture. I guess they needed homes and hobbies when not raiding. Thanks for sharing!
Lol!
They were black African actually.
@@chamade166 we wuz Kangz
Same here
@@chamade166 I bet you think that Indians are African too
Reasons why I watch:
80% I Love history
10%Production qauality
10% voice is relaxing AF
Umm 🤔 ditto same
This is so amazing. Here I am enjoying learning about people who's efforts made everything around us possible thousands of years later. Thank you
Thank you guys for taking up the mantle of proper history documentaries! Fantastic production value too, good editing, and the narration was at the proper key for this topic. Also thanks for covering this particular time period as proper info is so hard to find on this.
All these towns thousands of years ago and still bigger than the town i grew up in.
You must live on the outskirts of rapidly-expanding civilization
Some things never change. On the other hand other things have changed radically. I live in a city of 5 million, and regard cities with 1 million to be “small” and cities the size of Uruk as smallish country towns. Back then people would have regarded Uruk as bustling, an ancient rat-race where everything happens. Now we regard cities that size as sleepy places with “nothing much” going on. Back then young people would have flocked to Uruk looking for opportunity. Now young people leave cities that size looking for opportunity in bigger cities.
Some people still live a hunter-gatherer lifestyle, so...
@@artistjoh all those words and simply saying "damn the world population grew since then" would have sufficed
@@naughtybear2187 What you said has very little to do with what I said, so no, it would not have sufficed.
This is amazing work. I'm discovering and appreciating some extraordinary TH-camrs like you who present a fact-based, unsensational but fascinating, in-depth view of poorly understood parts of history. It's an amazing thing to find videos like this that aren't dryly dull and suitable only for specialists but avoid simplifying uncertainties to draw in viewers.
8
So you are calling them "lowest common denominator," "dumbed down for the audience." That's quite an insult, actually.
@@princeofcupspoc9073 That's an extraordinary interpretation of what I wrote.
Beautiful! Both the contents, the narrative and the images are fantastic. Great job! Thank you.
What blows my mind everytime is how long ago this was and how long these periods lasted.
Think thats crazy.. think about how much longer dinosaurs existed compared to humans. We've barely existed at all in comparison
Mine too! Today's world is/has been rushing along with inventions and communication at breakneck speed, hard to imagine the slow, slow life in those periods. Which is better, their's or our's?
Wats yo ig
@@sandrapicton8961 ours, imo
@@TheManWhoTypes It depends on your beliefs. Atheist say we existed only 120,000 years ago. Some Christian and afrocentric denominations say we only existed 6000 years. Muslim say we existed millions of years and that we were giants that would have made dinosaurs look puny.
I love learning about the bronze/pre-pottery eras. They are so fascinating
Imagine if human civilization collapsed and humanity was brought to near extinction and thousands of years later humans are in the beginning of an industrial era and they research the ancient ruins of our past. Or maybe all of humanity goes extinct and a new species arises and studies it’s predecessor civilization. Either way both scenarios would be quite interesting.
You should check out the game Sapiens if you like Bronze/Pre-Pottery eras. It spurred my interest. Kind of wonderful how it all evolved into the society we have today.
Bronze and pre pottery are not the same.
The continuity would be Pre-Pottery Neolithic -> Neolithic -> Bronze Age.
You can also add in Chalcolithic if you want to be pedantic about tools made from copper and early non tin alloys of copper like arsenical bronze - the latter often being much the same thing as chemical impurities in copper ore often contain arsenic.
Just finished watching this series. Absolutely amazing, i want to say that this is at the same level as the ancient history lectures i attended at college. Well, not quite, your work is even better because it's up to date! (i attended those lectures between 2012 and 2013).
Plus his voice is so perfect for this!
Is it? What about Gobekli Tepe?
@@Likexner What about Gobekli Tepe?
This is a video about Uruk, did you even read the video title?
It's possible that some culutral interaction from the Anatolian/Aegean farmers who built Gobekli Tepe and its sister sites may have influenced the Ubaid culture that later grew into the Sumerians, but it's far from an evidence based hypothesis at this point, let alone a certainty.
Wasn't expecting a shot of my home city in this video! Great series, I'm definitely going to subscribe
Hell yeah, new episode! Looking forward to this one.
I love all of this so far. Great visuals, great narration and very informative. Glad I found this channel!
These videos are polished and presented like something backed by a large media entity. I've been really curious about the gap between early man and ancient civilisation lately and couldn't find anything like this on any streaming services. Awesome work man, I hope they're throwing deals at you.
I need more! D: This is whole serise was amazingly presented. I have a hard time trying to put things into a timeline and you helped immensely.
I've just prepared my breakfast and the first thing to watch I see is this video, 52 minutes after uploading. Feels damn good, man
At LAST, part 3 - I am going to make myself another coffee and sit down to watch this documentary with my undivided attention. And yes, I am calling this whole series a documentary now because you've gone far beyond just "history video maker" with the depth and production on your Birth Of Civilization videos.
This is better than everything you can watch on History Channel or any TV channel these days.
Very impressive production! Great editing with the pictures maps etc.
Oh goodness, I have successfully found a new history channel, what an effort. Will start watching now, thanks
It's a great thing to see the notification of a new episode!
Your series on birth of civilisation is outstanding. As someone said, this channel, history time and fall of civilisation are most informative channels on yt, regarding popular history. You can't find as good content on discovery or other channels like this. You should create four curiosity stream.
I can't thank you enough for the narration of this valuable opportunity to inlite myself, so proud of gathering knowledge from this videos from the real historic world and human civilisation survival !!!
You are AMAZING brother!!! All your work is just phenomenal! Thank you so much!
Thanks for this. Like the rest of your stuff, it's well done and thoroughly great.
Absolutely WOWED i WANT to keep learning from this series
Excellent work . Thanks for making this ...
If you ever find yourself in need of copper in 3000 BC Uruk stay far away from Ea Nasir, his copper is extremely low quality
Charles - these videos are absolutely superb. Well done. Well produced, narrated and illustrated. I'd also like to say that Ettore Mazza's art is excellent and extremely helpful in trying to visualise the place and time.
These are incredibly well-made and well-narrated videos.
Recently subbed: Cracking episode - thoroughly researched and beautifully presented as always! Greetings from Delphi, Greece.
Anyone else unable to get enough of ancient civilizations and cultures. No matter how much I learn I just wanna learn more. Theyre all unbelievably fascinating to say the very least.
I was seriously looking forward to this one!
This channel is a phenomenon.
Thank you for everything.
Considering the fact there's little or no financial incentive to create these videos, they are pretty amazing!
2.2 million views is a chunk of change
This video is more informative and has higher production quality than most of the documentaries on TV.
omg im so excited ive been waiting for this to come out 🙈
Keep up the amazing work and art along with the channel good sir. We love the education and narrators.
I loved this series. Thank you
I can surely say that this Is the best history channel that I've discovered so far
Wooo! I’m going to enjoy this with my coffee 🥰🥰.. like a brain gift for the morning!! Thanks again for all the work you put into these, I watch and rewatch all the time!!
Sources for this video if you want to do some further reading!
General Resources:
Chris Scarre (2018) The Human Past. Fourth Edition.
Marc Van De Mieroop (2016) A History of the Ancient Near East. Third Edition.
Amanda H. Podany (2014) The Ancient Near East: A Very Short Introduction.
Fuad Safar, Mohammad Ali Mustafa and Seton Lloyd (1981) Eridu.
Harriet Crawford (2004) Sumer and the Sumerians. 2nd Edition.
Guillermo Algaze (2008) Ancient Mesopotamia at the Dawn of Civilisation: The Evolution of an Urban Landscape.
Robert Adams (1981) Heartland of Cities. The University of Chicago Press.
Nicola Crusemann, Margarete Van Ess, Markus Hilgert, Beate Salje and Timothy Potts (2019) Uruk: The Worlds First City. English edition.
References:
Rollefson (2011) The Greening of the Badlands: Pastoral Nomads and the “Conclusion” of Neolithization in the Southern Levant. Paleorient, 37(1): 101-109.
Akkermans and Duistermaat (1997) Of Storage and Nomads: the clay sealings from late Neolithic Tell Sabi Abyad, Syrua. Paleorient, 22(2): 17-44.
Akkermans (2000) Old and New prespectives on the Origins of the Halaf Culture.
Spataro and Fletcher (2010) Centralisation or Regional Identity in the Halaf Period? Examining interactions with Fine painted ware production. Paleorient, 36(2): 96-116.
Healey and Campbell (2014) Producing adornment: Evidence of different levels of expertise in the production of obsidian items of adornment at two late Neolithic communities in northern Mesopotamia. Journal of Lithic Studies, 1 (2).
Pournelle (2003) Marshland of Cities: Deltaic landscapes and the evolution of early Mesopotamian Civilization. PhD Thesis, University of California, San Diego.
Kennedy (2012) Commensality and Labour in Terminal Ubaid Northern Mesopotamia. Journal for Ancient Studies, 2: 125-156.
Van Buren (1949) Discoveries at Eridu. Orientalia, 18(1): 123-124.
Emberling (2016) Structures of Authority: Feasting and Political Practise in the Earliest Mesopotamian States. In “Social Theory in Archaeology and Ancient History”, edited by Geoff Emberling.
McMahon (2019) Early Urbanisation in Northern Mesopotamia. Journal of Archaeological Research, 28: 289-337.
Oates et al. (2007) Early Mesopotamian urbanism: a new view from the north. Antiquity, 81: 585-600.
McMahon et al. (2011) Late Chalcolithic mass graves at Tell Brak, Syria, and violent conflict during the growth of early city-states. Journal of Field Archaeology, 36(3): 201-2020.
Lawler (2006) North Versus South, Mesopotamian Style. Science, 312: 1458-1463.
Nissen et al. (2003) Archaic Bookkeeping: Early Writing and Techniques of Economic Administration in the Ancient Near East. pg. 28-29.
Englund (2004) Proto-Cuneiform Account-Books and Journals. In “Creating Economic Order: Record-keeping, Standardization and the Development of Accounting in the Ancient Near East”, pg. 32-33.
Woods (2010) The Earliest Mesopotamian Writing. In “Visible Language: Inventions of Writing in the Ancient Middle East and Beyond”, edited by Christopher Woods, Emily Teeter and Geoff Emberling.
Stauder (2010) The Earliest Egyptian Writing. In “Visible Language: Inventions of Writing in the Ancient Middle East and Beyond”, edited by Christopher Woods, Emily Teeter and Geoff Emberling.
Fake news none of those authors were even alive then to witness Jesus riding raptors!
TH-cam videos with solid academic research and proper citations almost make me hope for the *future* of civilisation. Thanks for another excellent video!
Thanks for doing so much research
Loved this video. What would you recommend for a readable overview of this subject ?
You might want to stickey this comment. Thanks for the video though, this is a time period I've always held a great interest in.
Calm speech and rich histroy content, THANK YOU for your great work!
Thank you Free Documentary in sharing your video. A lot I learned added since I did my high school studies in 1965-67
WORLD HISTORY.
I JUST LIKE IT. THANK YOU.
Been waiting for this! Love listening about these alien long-gone cultures when falling asleep or on walks. This whole series is very neatly written and well-researched.
Which series? Fallen civilizations?
Alien? How is the middle east "alien?" I think you need to get out of your basement more.
@@princeofcupspoc9073 Eight thousand years ago and over a thousand kilometres away seems pretty alien to me, I'm sure I wouldn't find myself in ancient Uruk if I stepped foot out of the basement.
Even so, modern day Mesopotamia is still pretty alien to a European, if not for the internet, some of us wouldn't even know it exists. I think you need to work on your condescending attitude, my dear anime profile pic lad
@@princeofcupspoc9073
Chief I don’t think that ancient Mesopotamian structures are outside of his house
@@princeofcupspoc9073 Next you’ll say he’s racist, right?
Whoo hoo! Just as I’m cycling back through my Bronze Age (and Neolithic) podcasts, new Bronze Age content!
It's amazing just how far back human civilization really stretches.
Not a touch on the First Nations people of Australia
@@oscarblack7624 they didn’t even have a permanent standing stature when the British came. That’s not impressive
@@Tyler_Owen23 you speak from a position of ignorance.
Thank you so much for this. Loved the video
I've loved this series, really cleared up some misconceptions I had, and strung together a lot of what I knew with a lot if what I didn't in a cohesive way. Your Cult of the Skull video especially filled in a lot of gaps, and really left one with an idea of just how 'human' we still behave, despite massive changes in how we live our lives.
Any inspiration on your next project
This was an awesome series! Please make a detailed video on the Indus Valley civilisation too, if possible
-gentle bongo drumming begins-
every tap on the drum symbolizes each of the succinct facts and crystallized analyses
thanks
Real, sourced history, more scholarly than popular (this is a compliment). Absolutely splendid. Subbed, obviously.
What sources?
@@antpat I'm pretty sure they used to be here, at least a year ago when I commented. I see sources on other Histocrat videos. TH-cam is sucky now; he probably can't fit his sources into the description sometimes.
Literally my favorite way to spend an hour
This is one of the best series I've ever seen! Do you plan on doing something similar with other early civilizations, like Egypt, Indus Valley Civilization, China or Norte Chico?
I'm so interested in the Indus Valley Civilisation and Egypt as well!
I'd love to know more about the Indus Valley Civilization and what happened to them as well
I think being near the sea or ocean gave Ur and Uruk a viable source of protein to add to their agricultural efforts. Boats and fishing don't seem to feature much in archeology, but it is a year-round resource.
Thank you for not having loud distracting music
Love these videos, the research and objectivity in them is refreshing in a world full of biases and sensationalism.
Great video! This period of history is so interesting
I never get to watch your videos but they are a fantastic listen. Thanks for all the work
The civilization around Mediterenian Sea are always interesting. I have been in Knossos of Crete and was so impressed about Art, culture and so on of that time more than 2000 years old civilization.
Best wishes from Stockholm - Sweden
The sumerians and all great civilization are not Mediterranean nor related to middleeast people of the last 3500 years. eras. Semites killed destroyed 😢 sumerians and stolen Iraq Mesopotamia
Loving this one thanks for sharing very information blessed love to all knowledge is power hopefully everyone pays attention keep up the good work 🙏🏿🙏🏿🙏🏿🇯🇲🇯🇲🇯🇲
I'm going to do some work around the house.
'The Histocrat has uploaded a new video.'
I guess the work can be done 1:16:46 from now.
It is 2 hr now, did you start the work :)
I love doing housework to stuff like this.
Wow, that was really well done.
15:13 The earliest known instance of “Put your name on your food so your coworkers don’t eat it.”
breakfast, coffe and some history. this sunday is starting strong
Can't wait to see this!
Really History has so many interpretations,
I read in my book that writing had begun to keep a record of various activities happening in Urban cities like in Uruk (southern Mesopotamia), from where 5000 lists( clay tablets) have been found that contained info. about stuffs imported, distributed, orders, etc
More than I say , thank you in sharing your. history review .. Details during past seven millenium .. and more.. so. exciting and educational.
So good to me. I. keep. myself dedicated to learning civilizations before our current era.
Currently I'm reading "Work" by James Suzman, and looking up some more information on the earliest city culture got me into binge whatching this triple piece. It is my first experience whith your channel. Thanks a lot, this helps me well through my COVID related self isolation.
A new power is rising in Mesopotamia. It's victory is at hand. - King of Uruks probably
Verified.
Heck yea! 😂😂😂
Very informative with a lot to consider with early civilizations.
Many thanks for the series! I absolutely love that. It would be great if there was a written summary of its key elements with dates.
However, I understand that a whole book (to which you link) might be better.
I love your work. Can't wait for the episode on Irish druids, as was promised at the end of your Druids video a while ago!
For your views of a modern city, you showed Melbourne, Australia.
They included Princes Bridge, Federation Square and The Bourke Street Mall.
Nice.
My Haplo comes from these places from Moms side. When I was a little girl in first or second grade when they talked about Cuneiform writing it was like a lightning bolt went through my head. And I’ve always loved many of these cultures since then.
Idk, I feel so much better when my ancient history is narrated by a Brit lol. It lends it an aire of legitimacy and historical conciseness that engrosses me in the material. It might also be that the British Museum is hands down the most impressive and amazing ancient history collection I’ve ever seen, with my local University of Pennsylvania museum and collection being second. Awesome doc. This was the time period I’d like to visit via time machine lol.
So sad that Saruman distorted and destroyed these people to create his Uruk-hai
What's even more sad that we keep trying to repeat their ideas of civilization after fail after fail .
@@SpiritEagleTx lol I think you maybe didn't get the joke I made.
@@imnotcreativeenoughh I'll tell you that I got the lotr joke so you realize that it isn't yoy
Phenomenal ending to an absolutely phenomenal series, truly incredible work. You really oughta be proud of yourself for this series as it is quite an achievement. Hope you do a series on Mesopotamia entering the Bronze Age, especially with all the new genetic research on Sumerian skeletons suggesting a South Asian origin for the Sumerians (just one more theory for the pile of "where did they come from?" but one that is hot and fresh and I don't see many people talking about yet). Anyway, cheers! Great job!
Thank you. Excellent on all levels.
I really enjoyed this video. Super interesting and informative 😁
I learned a lot. Early human history is fascinating.
Said like a true extra-terrestial!
Extremely relevant to present day context. Many tend to underrate the importance of History (and especially Ancient History) to the understanding of present day politics and happenings. Thanks a lot!!!
Thank you! Really good written manuscript. Engaging and informative.👍🙏🏼
Outstanding!
Thank you.
Nice, I know what I'll be falling asleep to tonight.