PETROL vs DIESEL Engines - An in-depth COMPARISON
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 2 พ.ค. 2024
- In this video we're doing a detailed comparison of petrol, or spark ignition and diesel, or compression ignition engines. The video covers pretty much all the key points, starting with the differences in the way combustion occurs as well as explaining the diesel combustion process in detail. After this we're explaining why diesel engines don't rev as high and after that the topics are compression ratios, power and torque, efficiency, emissions and fun factor.
In essence diesel and petrol engines share a very similar anatomy, and that makes sense because they're both internal combustion engines, meaning they do their combustion internally. What's different is HOW they do their combustion. Petrol engines rely on a spark to ignite the air fuel mixture, while diesels completely forgo spark plugs, ignition coils and the like in favor an ignition started simply be the heat of the compressed air inside the engine. And this results in one of the few differences in anatomy between petrol and diesel engines. Most modern diesel engines actually don't have a combustion chamber, instead the smallest volume of their cylinder is achieved by void in the piston. Therefore, diesel engines have a smaller smallest volume of the cylinder achieving a higher compression ratio.
A higher compression ratio means more power and more efficiency. Because the air fuel mixture combusts in a smaller area more energy is transferred onto the piston resulting in the harnessing of more of the energy stored in the fuel. But there's a price to be paid for the higher efficiency generated by compression ignition, and that's cylinder pressure spikes generated during the diesel's combustion process. As you may know, most diesel engines rev to anywhere between 4500 to 5500 rpm. On the other hand petrol engines usually rev to anywhere between 6000 to 9000 rpm. Now there's a couple of reasons for this. The first one is that the cylinder pressure spikes require heavy internals. The other one is that most diesels are under-square by design, but the final reason is key, and that is that diesels don't have a wide range of ignition timing control. They can't control ignition timing to compensate for increased piston speeds, because they can start combustion only when the air is hot enough, and the air is always hottest when the piston is near top dead center. On the other hand a petrol engine with an ECU, a spark plug and an ignition coil or coil on plug can fire the spark almost at any point in the engine's compression stroke.
We all know that diesels are also more efficient engines. Again, the reason is a higher compression ratio and the ability to squeeze more power from the fuel. The other reason is that diesels simply use less fuel. They have a stratified or heterogeneous air fuel mixture, meaning that only one part of the air is mixing with the fuel, allowing diesels to run extremely lean. On the other hand petrol engines compress a homogeneous air fuel mixture meaning that they have to worry about knock occurring which limits their compression ratio. Diesels introduce fuel much later into the cylinder, at the end of the compression stroke, before that they compress only air, meaning that knock isn't an issue. Diesel fuel itself is also more energy dense. Because it's composed of hydrocarbons with longer chains it contains approximately 15% energy for the same volume.
When it comes to emissions and pollution, diesel and petrol emissions have been traditionally presented as a trade off between environment harming C02 and health harming nitrogen oxides and soot particles. But the picture isn't really black and white and many independent road tests have demonstrated that the CO2 gap between modern petrol and diesel engines is extremely low. On top of this EURO 6 or equivalent standard diesel engines are very clean, and rely on diesel particulate filters and diesel exhaust fluid injection (selective catalytic reduction) to trap close to 99% of the soot particles and nitrogen oxides. Problems arise when diesel cars hit the used car markets. Because of their more expensive emissions equipment maintenance becomes a problem for used car owners often resulting in more overall pollution from the diesels.
Fun is a subjective thing and fact is that both diesel and petrol engines can be extremely fun. Petrol engines have a wide power band and often a better soundtrack leading to more smiles per gallon on a twisty road. But diesel give you incredible torque sensations and these can be extremely addictive.
00:00 spark vs compression
03:14 fuel timing
04:05 Diesel combustion process
06:00 Why don't diesels rev high
10:09 Compression
12:46 Knock
14:59 Power & Torque
16:28 Efficiency
18:42 Power modulation
20:54 Economy
24:51 Fun factor
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Any plans on going a video of Air Cooled Engines?
You say internal combustion engine like there is a good external combustion engine.
@Musa Jaiden I care enough to report both bots for spam :P
I'd actually think that the bigger room would see more damage because it has more oxygen
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I'm a mechanic and I must say I wish things were explained to me this way when I started working on cars. This video is highly educational and made very easy to understand. What you are doing my friend is nothing less than educating people with ease and it just puts a smile on my face.
I totally agree, one of the best video to explain the difference.
@@jaypee9569 And how they work. 😊
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Yea I completely second this opinion. Between the infographics and the running dialogue this guy broke it down exceptionally well.
A 26 min video with no BS and on point.
Respect sir.
respect indeed
Missed one very important point. petrol smells better than diesel...
I feel like you just went through multiple semestres of mechanical engineering in 26 mins! The 2.5M viewers cannot thank you enough. What a great video sir
I'm 44 years old and I'm pretty sure I learned more about the way diesel and gas engines work in this one 26 minute video than I did in the previous 43 years combined. Incredible job...very clearly organized and presented, and you know your stuff. Immediately subscribed and now I'm going to go watch a bunch of your other stuff. Thanks!
The way you explained the difference between torque and horsepower, was a moment of enlightenment
My favorite way of explaining torque is thus.
Torque = How quickly you get to the accident site
Power = How big an accident you have when you arrive
Yeah the distance in the leverage is the key 🔑 he makes it so easy to see
Yes, i agree, one of the best visual explanations yet
Can someone timestamp where he explains this, i must of missed it...
@@markj2093 Youve helped me finally understand torque 🤣👊💯💯
Brilliant explanation. I'm a mechanical engineer by profession, with 25 years experience, and I certainly could not have explained this better.
How are you doing
Ah, usual ups and downs, enjoyed this video, getting ready for bed. Thanks for asking 🙂
I'm a retired automotive shop instructor. This would have definitely been playing in my class if I were still teaching!
Just bought my first Diesel truck and didn't know the difference between Petrol and Diesel engines. Your video really gave me the understanding I needed to appreciate the choice I made. Thank you for this very informative and excellent video.
For years I wondered WHY diesel engines sounded different to petrol - your explanation was excellent. Thanks for providing such clear and educational videos.
I love this channel, the only one where things are explained calmy, in detail but without boring you like some channels do. Please, as you're growing, do not change!
Ahh, yes. I've noticed his talent and his heart. I'll do my best to ensure that my interactions with D4A enlarge his soul.
My thoughts exactly. Keep up the good work.
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Thank you for a wonderfully clear and logical explanation! I am an 80 year old non mechanic. I now have a very good conceptual understanding of this topic.
I love this guy! He really puts complex mechanics in understandable terms with great visuals.
My father was really good with mechanical stuff but he never even considered teaching us girls about fixing cars and my brothers weren’t interested. Max (our cat) was the only one that sat on the car and watched him work.
I’m going to watch this guy as much as I can. Maybe even get a work book, if anyone can recommend one.
I am a Mechanical Engineer and I have studied this all in one whole semester. I came here to revise but I must say it is the best explanation and comparison I have ever come across.
Concise and detailed as well. Perfect!
Keep up the awesome work, brother!
So you’re not a mechanical engineer... you’re a trainee (labourer) studying to become a mechanical engineer.
@@clitflicker9769 trainee is not the word. If he's experienced and is in a job he's a mechanical engineer but if he's still a student he's doing mechanical engineering.... That's how it should be said
Ok then which is the better engine diesel or petrol?
@@rcdbraver Diesel has a higher heat efficiency. So diesel.
@@irsshill4502 Thermal efficiency is high in a diesel engine, but the cost-effectiveness is excellent in a petrol engine.
Didn't know much about cars. But well!!! That was one hell of an amazing 26 minutes of my life!!!
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I've watched A LOT of "intro" diesel vs gas/petrol engine videos, also A LOT of "how they work" videos. Your video covered the same (if not more) information in a shorter amount of time. No BS. No "talking down" to people, just a lot of useful, helpful information in a short, easily understood (even with the accent) video. Thanks! It was very educational.
I think this is the best channel on TH-cam for explaining internal combustion engine technology. And given how much automotive content there is in TH-cam , that's damned high praise.
Taking a somewhat boring subject and presenting to in a fun and informative way, that's talent my friend. Once again. I have learned and have been thoroughly entertained. Thanks for sharing!
Thank you for your continued support J.
I think it is interesting that is why I played it. Is very good.
@@jeffrentsch4318 what about hot bulb engines
Why would this be boring? Kinda subjective no?
An interesting bonus or benefit in a Diesel engine is that very strong electromagnetic interference in the surrounding area cannot stop the car or truck from running.
In a gasoline engine that has the normal ignition system - spark plug, coil, distributor, 'high tension' wires that carry the 20,000 volts to the spark plug - if you drive into an area of high electromagnetic activity or interference, the car will sputter and won't run right, and will possibly stop running altogether. Being stranded on the side of the road unexpectedly is a bummer.
There are air vehicles called "ufos" or "uaps" that are actually classified vehicles operated in various countries that have a type of propulsion system which creates a lot of electromagnetic interference in the area they operate, and if you enter such an area, your Diesel car or truck will continue to operate (with the possible exception of the car's lights since the battery and wiring are still affected by the ufo propulsion method).
It's a pretty rare event but if you live close to a military installation, in many different countries, that is where those classified vehicles are operating from and if you happen to live near such a base you know what I'm talking about.
It's a good feeling driving a diesel vehicle in those areas because you still have freedom of movement if one of those air vehicles is in the vicinity. Much better than having your gas-powered car suddenly sputter and die and then you're stranded and you're walking (or running if you get frightened easily).
This is a rare case but if you happen to live near one of those military bases - you probably have had a personal experience or know someone who has. They operate those vehicles all over the place in the U.S., and Central and South America. Probably in Europe too.
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I can always count on your uploads to be fun and entertaining. You actually cover the questions most people are afraid to ask.
Direct to point. Comprehensive. Simple.
This channel is top of the Elite, when it comes to explanations on a variety of technical aspects of cars.
I can't even explain how glad I am for coming across it.
Thank you so much for your kind words
This dude could accurately and effectively explain the meaning of life
sycophant
I spent almost 30 minutes of my life watching this and i learn so many. Thanks and more contents! God bless!
Before i started to watch this video(saw on the recommended window) i thought i will start this and i will stop watching after first 3-4 mins but i couldn't stop it, this is a real perfect video, thank you so much
I have to say you are the most informative channel I've ever run across and I absolutely love how you put it all together this is absolutely amazing . Thank you for being here
You are easily the best Internal Combustion teacher on yt. Watching this revved me up to do a Wrangler TDI conversion. 🙂
All of the things that I've learnt till date about the differences between these two engines have been included in this video. Awesome content.
quality dude. when you fall into a good youtube rabbit hole. subbing.
I love the straight to the point , unlike some people who will talk out of point for 2 hours when the total message is like 10 min
i occasionally played your playlist while sleeing and it was the most automotive dream session i ever had
I concur with the sentiment here!
You are THE BEST youtuber to explain stuff about how a car works in a way that is both easily understandable and highly detailed.
I wish you get to 1 million subscribers FAST!
Simple, graphic and intuitive, that's what I call a masterclass mate!
I can't thank you enough for the amount of time and effort that's gone into making this video!
First time I've ever subbed to a channel after having only watched one video. This is spectacular. Time to binge!
You've litarally answered all of my questions I've ever had about this topic. Great video!
The best comparison ive ever heard and see. Thank you sir.
I really love your work! It makes sense of things that have taken a long time for me to make sense of. Thanks!
I’m an amateur shade tree mechanic. Just now starting to dabble working on my vehicles myself. I honestly feel blessed to have resources like this to learn from. And mad respect to you mechanics who had to learn from books or just staring at the engine until you figured it out.
The best comparison of a diesel and petrol engine. Great job!
Very interesting and informative video! I knew quite a lot of what was covered, but the depth introduced was impressive in the short length of video. Great job, thank you for the education, cheers!
I was really interested on the power and efficiency discussion on gas versus diesel and would love to see a similar video looking at gas versus diesel, as well as the most common alternative fuels (ie CNG, Bio-diesel, Ethanol, Propane, etc). As gas and diesel prices become increasingly unstable, I can see a lot of people taking alternative fuels a lot more seriously.
I just want to voice my appreciation. This video is amazing. Awesome graphics and animations, clear speech that is even understandable for someone whos first language isn't English and just so well explained. Thank you very much.
I have just found this channel and I would like to say thank you for your work in helping me to get my son to become more involved in engineering you break it down to really understand what is happening great job fantastic thank you
Discovered your channel last night. Now it’s 5:35 AM. You’re very insightful and thorough. Thank you
Well done mate, you did a fantastic job here and cleared up a few things for me. Thanks for taking the time to do this
So far the best video about engine comparison... amazing...
This is exactly the video I was looking for, thank you so much for making this!
Great channel, well explained content, straight to the point, no pointless waffling, no having to skip forward to the actual content, subscribed.
Your channel is fantastic! It is exactly the level of in depth I want whilst still being very accessible
This was great! I've always found it tremendously satisfying to understand how different things in our world work and it tends to be useful as well.
Well, that was the most informative explanation of the pros & cons of the diesel vs petrol debate I have seen. Thank you so much :)
This video earned you my subscription. Thank you for giving a detailed, unbiased description of both types of ICE engines and explaining how the turbocharger effects the petrol engine. I would love to know more about how turbocharging a Diesel engine affects that type of ICE.
A comprehensive step-up from your average TH-cam video on this topic. Excellent.
I'm so happy this channel exists
I've always liked diesel engines because of their fuel efficiency but this video has given me much insight on them. Great review. Thanks
This video has answered many questions that I have about car engines in an interesting way. Keep it up man!!!
your channel is a gold mine for curious people like me. THANK YOU
I thought I knew quite a lot about petrol an diesel engines. I was wrong! I learned SO much from this video. Thanks 👍👍👍👍
By far the best channel to learn how vehicles work, keep up the amazing work!
Another advantage of a diesel engined vehicle, due to the high compression ratio, is its superior engine braking.
I have a Toyota pick-up with a normally aspirated 2.4 litre diesel engine and a 5-speed manual gearbox. I seldom have to use the brakes, because when driving carefully and keeping a safe distance from the vehicle ahead, it's easy to anticipate when one needs to slow done for a traffic light, stop sign or when the vehicle ahead slows down. All that is necessary is to take one's foot off the accelerator pedal and the vehicle will immediately start decelerating. To slow down faster one can change to a lower gear. This lengthens the life of the front disc pads and the rear brake shoes.
Also, I seldom use 1st gear. I run out of revs too quickly. The diesel engine provides ample low-end torque to comfortably start moving in 2nd gear. Similarly I usually change from 3rd to 5th gear. The only time I really need 1st gear is when starting to move uphill with a heavy load; and 4th gear when climbing a steep hill, or to accelerate rapidly to overtake another vehicle.
Your videos are incredible! Teaching and speaking in a second language better than most can do in their native language. Keep up the good work.
Exellent with beautiful animations as usual :) I got to learn something new this time too; I've never thought about the timing issue on diesels before.
I thought about one more detail which gives diesels an advantage over gas engines: no extra pumping losses on partial gas (no intake restriction).
Every time I watch a D4A video I wonder why this channel doesn't have 3 million subscribers
This is by far one of the best channels on TH-cam! Thank you!
Świetny materiał, jak zwykle rzeczowo, duużo konkretnej wiedzy.
As always... it's a pleasure to watch your vids mate. I watched all these 26mins of this video. My both thumbs up for you. Cheers from Spain
Outstanding, you my friend are extremely talented, clear and precise description of the difference between engines.
and most impressively it didn't feel like a 26min long youtube clip. You would made a brilliant teacher.
this is literally the beste video explaining this that i have ever seen and i looked at alot of them !
We don't really drive many miles, but we bought a diesel for the towing capacity. Our diesel truck can pull 30,000 lbs of trailer, so it tows our 21,000 lb trailer with no trouble. Getting a gasser to do that would be harder. It also turns out to be handy for refueling, since while towing we can't use the "normal" fuel stations/pumps, and instead need the "truck lanes", which (typically, at least) do not offer gasoline. I just hope that when it comes time to sell the truck, it will have retained a good bit of that price premium. Modern diesel engines, with DEF systems, are commonly believed to be far less durable than the older models, so that part of the diesel advantage won't help me. As for "fun", I park the truck and take my bike out of the RV's garage, burning gasoline and making lots of smiles. Thanks for another great video.
I have a brand new training video for my first years, really thorough, accurate clear information. well done.
You could put this in a text book it was so clear and concise.
my man best day ever. don,t stop. you are great ,my favorite engine HEAD
……
Come on.
You put this on yourself….
That’s what she said.
this video answered every question I had about diesel vs petrol, every question I didn't know I had, and every question I came up with while watching the video. Bravo 👏
Very well explained and visually demonstrated video on the differences of SI and CI Engines.👍
I have loved Diesel engines for a long time now, I bought a diesel Cruze for the fuel economy getting 52 mpg. After watching this video I appreciate Diesel engines far more now. Thanks for what you’ve done, it was very educational.
Channels like this is what makes TH-cam great! Subscribed.
Fascinating video. Appreciation of all the work you put into this ! Thanks 🙏
One of the most educative videos on this subject out there. Thank you
Thank you!! Love learning about the benefits/drawbacks of differing technologies. I've been around both kinds of engines all my life but have always had questions of clarification pertaining to the little things and your videos are excellent at filling in those gaps in my knowledge! Again, thank you for the time and effort you put into your content. It shows in the final product because it is SO effective.
Bless you and be safe.
I love the large amount of torque on my diesel engine/car. It means I can cruise comfortably up steep hills without going beyond 2000 RPMs without shifting gears all the time. And at the highway, I can cruise at 130 km/h at 1600 RPMs at the eight gear and have great fuel economy.
Yes I know. Same with my BMW 2006 320D
What car do you have? (Maker, model, year, engine displacement?)
I've had both gas/petrol and diesel versions of the Honda CRV. The gas is quieter around town but on the highway the diesel is far quieter than the gas version. As D4A said, the torque is addictive.
You can do the same with petrol cars... And keeping the engine so under revved is not something good. The engine will vibrate more which will wear it more. The dpf will be unable to regenerate and egr valve will start building carbon...
Additionaly, these 6+ geared transmissions are also quite dumb. It just increases the number of gear changes, increasing wear and complexity. Youll feel more laggines and hops too...
@@AI-qd4vb gas vehicles usually runs at higher rpm than diesel.
It's true that engines in general run rougher at low rims and usually while under load however some engines (diesel) can run at a lower rpms under load as smooth and another engine (gas) while under load. Although diesel is usually rougher at idle but it's not usually noticeable while moving. They both have tradeoffs
absolutely stunning presentation. I dont think any other youtube channel does such simple explanation
Awesome ! This is the best comparison I have ever seen on TH-cam.
What an absolutely fantastic video. Well presented, informative and interesting.
Best disnctions ever done and in a simplified manner
Thank you for this in-depth video and thank you so much for including the FUN aspect and not only the polution aspect :D Going into the corner sliding at 7k RPM... perfect
Engineer with 20yrs experience in auto and aircraft industry. I whish i could explain things the way you do! It's a gift! New sub.
What do you think is better to buy as a used car?
@@lonelydance I have a 90s Saab as my daily. Yes, its 3 decades old, no I haven't had a single major malfunction. I do all the maintenance myself and I do it meticulously. Simple tech, combined with good care is what keeps you going. Personally I'll stick with a basic petrol engine, can't go wrong with it.
Fascinating! I always wondered what caused that characteristic clatter sound in diesel engines. I know now, it's a combustion timing-thing.
Another great video. I am a qualified mechanic with some 40 plus years in the trade and it would have been greatly beneficial if my tutors had had the educational vocabulary you demonstrate in your videos. Two comments, when the throttle valve position on a petrol engine is reducing air flow it also has the effect of lowering compression pressure . The other comment is that some petrol engines are also very long lived easily surpassing some diesels. More to do with build quality than fuel type I would suggest. I'm talking automotive here. Keep up the good work.
Not lying this channel is far the best when it comes to these topics ❤️
This is by far the best video on this topic. You are indeed a great Teacher.
damn man, I feel so wholesome after watching this video. All my distorted knowledge for engines just got converged into a better understanding and ability to connect to all concepts. thank you so much bro! You're an excellent teacher
Great video my friend! As a physicist myself with a master degree in Convencional and Renewable Energy systems, i can really appreciate your knowledge and effort. Mechanical Engineering is my passion. Greetings from Greece. Keep up your excellent work!
I'm in awe of the craftsmanship of this video, such a great channel I will begin my binge.
10/10 learned more in this then i have during all my time in school when i was younger xD
Brilliantly made video. It was fun and informative to watch it. 👍🏽👍🏽👍🏽
30 minutes videos are always too much for most of us and i usually end it or forward it by the 10th minute mark. but i felt like this was a 5 minutes video. it was delivered perfectly and very easy to follow.
Dude, I’ve just discovered your channel, but already favorited 3 videos. Amazing content!
WOW A great insight into the world of petrol and diesel engines. Loved the details and aspects covered by your team. I am a dieselhead and prefer diesel engines over the petrols and now the future is electric.
Great video man, nice and simple explanation. As a employee in one successful car repair shop just wanted to add the huge difference in maintenance and repair prices diesel vs petrol, especially old simple petrol engines, naturally aspirated, port injection.. 4 new injectors and a new turbo cost more than some second hand petrol cars. So even if diesel is more economic and more reliable on long term, it is absolutely stupid to buy a euro 5/euro 6 turbo diesel and drive it around city, making 600km per month, thinking that you will save money on consumption, when you gonna pay many times more on maintenance and repairs. Cheers from Serbia.
How about the lifetime expectancy of the repairs. Yes slow moving parts of diesel are almost always more expensive, but expect 2-3 times lifetime before next repair. Also for periodic maintenance diesel is always cheaper as all you need to do is to change engine oil, keep the filters clean, that's all. No tuning, no injector cleaning, no ignition calibration, bla bla bla.
@@supeskrim Expectancy of hardware of the engine block yeah right that's fine, but the damage you can make to the let's say turbocharger from a clogged particulate filter is as you wouldn't believe it. And that's only one example. And please go to your local part store and ask the price difference for timing belt kit, water pump, alternator, ac compressor belts and pulleys, and let me know for which car is cheaper, diesel or petrol. I'll tell you right away, at least 30% more expensive for the diesel.
@@ognjennovakov9355 All the parts you mentioned are slow moving parts, and yes it's more expensive, BUT they are rarely need to be replaced regularly as their gasoline counterparts. And yes diesel is more expensive to be REPAIRED, I am talking only about regular maintenance when you treat your diesel right, like replacing filters, oils & most importantly the quality of the diesel fuel, then you will have at least 3 times as long as the gasoline. I surely hope you're comparing same age and not 70s gasoline vs 2000's diesel. Next you will have a new generation of gasoline adopting diesel tech like those GDI and TFSI and FSI with compression ratio > 16, spareparts which will cost you about the same price or more expensive plus extra parts for ignition & plugs for regular maint vs the diesel but shorter life. Anyhow ships, buses, trucks, generators are using diesel not only based on fuel economy but many other factors. What lasts longer diesel or gas engine?
Digital Trends reports that diesel engines tend to be more durable and last longer than gas engines, with reliable operation and minimal required maintenance.Apr 28, 2020
@@supeskrim I'm really sorry but i cannot go into further discussion with you based on your knowledge. Timing belt is a timing belt, it lasts 60-100k km or 4-6 years, it's made of rubber and it's simple as that, doesn't matter if it's moving a diesel or petrol engine, so keep changing oil and filters on your car, never change your timing belt or timing chain and good luck to you.
@@ognjennovakov9355 In my tropical country timing belts for gasoline (and other engine rubber parts) are shorter life due to 1. Heat of gasoline engine & 2. The RPM of gasoline is much higher. For triming chain is a lot longer, but of couse timing gear is the longest.
I was never interested in cars, I feel awful when driving in the traffic jam every morning. However, these videos are so well made, I started to understand why there are so many enthusiasts even in a crowded city. Great educational value!
I just want to say man. If i pass engineering in the next 2 years, I'll give you credit for that. Keep making these videos, you're saving people like me 😂😂
awesome video bro, and recently Toyota has announced that their dynamic force petrol engine can achieve thermal efficiency as high as 41%.