Why Rocket Exhausts Look The Way They Do
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 29 ก.ย. 2024
- Why does the exhaust from the Space shuttle boosters & engines look completely different? There's a huge variety in the appearance of rocket exhausts because different fuels, different technologies and different environments make them behave in a different manner.
![CAMPปลิ้น | EP.82[1/2] แก๊ง 3 สาวเพื่อนซี้บุก CAMPปลิ้นครั้งนี้ห้ามเสียอาการ](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/_6WUjXHe1TM/mqdefault.jpg)
The exhaust from the RS-25 is GORGEOUS. It looks so clean and smooth, like I could touch it
say bye bye to your arms though
11 minute lecture on rocket exhaust to start my Saturday? Yes please.
11 minute lecture on rocket exhaust to end my Saturday? Yes please.
Nice
I think on the final version of the BFR (Raptor engine) there will be no green flame from the igniter because they plan to ignite the engine with some kind of electric arc. That makes things easier for mars missions: they dont have to bring igniter for the flight back to earth.
It depends on how reliable electric ignition is for LNG/LOX combustion. RP-1/LOX takes too much energy ignite for spark plugs to be reliable so they use TEA-TEB for Merlin engines. However, you can use spark plugs for propellants that take less energy to ignite (see Centaur LH2/LOX upper stage). It might work for LNG/LOX, but I'd be surprised if they spent the time and money to make reliable electric ignition for such a tiny fraction of extra deltaV.
SpaceX has had a number of failures (when landing Falcon 9) due to miscalculating the amount of TEA-TEB needed. Eliminating that is worth the engineering effort for BFR.
That said, I don't believe they've publicly demonstrated their spark ignition system yet, and a little reading suggests they're a pain in the ass to get working right.
@@myrobotfish It should be highly reliable since they're not attempting to ignite LOX and LNG, they're igniting GOX and NG (e.g. gas mixture, not liquid).
+Matthew Ducker I understand that full flow staged combustion implies GOX and NG igniting in the main combustion chamber, so yes you're right that electric ignition should be highly reliable in that engine stage. However, in order to convert the liquids into gases they must be ignited in the pre-burner stage, so you still end up needing to ignite an LNG/LOX mixture.
Hmm, makes sense that spark plugs wouldn’t work for RP-1, given that it is kerosene, which is thicker than diesel, which doesn’t light well with spark plugs either.
Wow, another video I didn't know I wanted to watch. Scott, you are a specialist at that kind of videos.
8:16
Scott: very sooty
Auto caption: very shitty (censored)
Great explanation and video.
Bloody good video Scott. Loved it! 😃
I wouldn’t call the srb exhaust white. In fact, that was the biggest surprise the first time I saw a shuttle launch in person. The exhaust is a very intense red, almost like looking at a road flare. It really looks nothing like it does on tv. I assume the intense light saturates the camera pixels and alters the resulting colors.
Just found the channel. This is really great stuff!
Scott, the bit about the visibility of the exhaust jet got me thinking - is that more or less what's going on with a bunsen burner when you change the flame from yellow to clear/blue as well? Yellow flame is black-body radiation from soot etc in the flame, that you no longer see when it's burning more efficiently? And the blue tint is caused by the other process rather than black-body radiation?
I was here before he corrected the “the” to “they”
Omg these stupid coments actually get likes 🤦🏽♂️
I was here before the first Flat Earther comments!
Filip Z I'll send you a little commemorative trophy. What's your address?
Ante-correction Master Race ༼ つ ◕_◕ ༽つ
Well, that answered several questions. Thanks!
Technical note: The Saturn V was larger than the N1 but it was not more powerful. It was considerably less powerful and with lower thrust.
It may be picking nits, but one could say until a rocket actually is successful at delivering its payload it's really just a bomb. I bet with a little more work they would have gotten it to work. :)
Anybody here also notice all those big pieces of ice/snow raining down and possible striking the all those thermal tiles on the underside of the Shuttle. God almighty. What the hell were we thinking???
*You Should try Space Fligth Simulator, 1.4 Update is here, It got A LOOOT Better.*
I understand that when the ambient pressure decreases the exhaust spreads out to match the outside pressure. Does this "spreading out" of the exhaust reduce the usable thrust? Would it make any difference if you were able to adjust the shape of the bell as the outside pressure decreased?
No, in fact the thrust gets higher because there's less atmosphere pushing back against the engine.
Good question, good answer.
Silly question..... does the rocket thrust make a sonic boom as it comes out?
Yes. The exhaust gas velocity of a typical rocket engine is about 8-10 times the speed of sound at sea level and makes a continuous sonic boom. That's part of the reason why rockets are so extremely loud compared to aircrafts.
That is really strange, because by definition, pressure is force applied over a surface or area. So by saying that the exhaust has a lower pressure than ambient air, it makes me wonder how the thing even delivers any thrust? If the engine bell has a surface area of a square meter, it wants as many Newtons as possible in that square meter to shove upwards and push the rocket up. So at the very exit of the engine bell, I would imagine the pressure to be astronomically high.
I'm not saying I doubt the low pressure thing, but it is very counter-intuitive.
I guess in this case gas pressure is just spacing between molecules. It has nothing to do with thrust.
So, because spacing between molecules is high, surrounding air compresses them further from sideways.
Thrust is not pressure. Thrust is mass flow times exhaust velocity. The job of the nozzle is to turn exhaust pressure into exhaust velocity in the desired direction. Look up how a de Laval nozzle works.
Hmm, but isn't thrust measured in Newtons?
Apologies. Mass flow _rate_ times exhaust velocity. A newton is the force required to accelerate one kilogram by one meter per second per second.
So, kilograms per second times meters per second.
A rocket doesn't work by pressure. It works by throwing mass as quickly as possible away from it. It's the same principle as throwing a ball and having it push back on you. A rocket is the same concept, except it throws super hot gasses back on incredibly high speeds, at thousands of mph.
The pressure the rocket engine generated also pushes it forward, but its always more efficient to convert the pressure into greater velocity, so it usually pressure insignificant effect on thrust
What's got more thrust infrared heat, light, ultrasound or infrasound?
What is the debree raining down around the rocket at launch? (e.g. 7:18) The cooling of fuel at launch site?
Yes, its water ice falling from the tanks. Because the fuel is so cold, water from the air condenses on them and freezes. At launch it falls off due to the vibration
Probably a mix of ice (that condensed on the rocket, due to the fact it's filled with liquid oxygen) and paint.
"Who doesn't love the Saturn V?"
The Soviets and Flat Earthers.
@Mr. Virtual Why?
Damnit Scott, I could watch a 6 hour documentary about this stuff if you were to do it!
You want him to make an, ahem, exhaustive documentary?
I think that Scott should work for SpaceX.
TheJimtanker, well, they need low level programming for real time systems, so I guess he'd be very fitting
They also need people who can communicate complex scientific concepts in a way that more people can not only understand but relate to. Not sure if you understand this but people can have more than one talent. Maybe not you, but many people do.
i'd run out of popcorn!
"Who doesn't like the Saturn 5?"- Scott Manley
The Soviets
Niet
@@tarnvedra9952 Russians were using people from same place, only Americans got better ones.
+randomnickify Question was about Saturn V. Seems like you are saying that benefiting from mass murder and pardoning criminals to serve your purpose is OK if others do it as well.
funny stuff
I think most Soviet rocket engineers admired the Saturn V, even if they didn't admit it. Heck, the N1 has fans around the world, and it never even worked right.
6:06 that Russian stealth payload fairing! You can’t hide the truth... unless it’s invisible!
Stealth? Pretty sure they're just sending the cosmonauts on the ISS some sky
Camicus - that’s what they WANT you to think!
9/11 was an inside job... the russians did it... and trump was their inside man! it's all so clear to me now!
And it only cost them an extra 100 million dollars covering the fairing with blue pixels. Worth it.
@@camicus-3249 *sending cosmonauts on fucking Proton*
There is such a thing as too brave, you know?
One of the current rocket companies looking to generate positive PR should pay Scott a fortune to do their broadcasts of launches. If Scott had full unrestricted access, complete artistic license, and he interspersed the kinds of material he creates all the time within an actual launch broadcast, I imagine there could be broad spectrum main stream appeal. In fact, I bet Scott could completely disrupt the market through the exponential increase in public exposure. Obviously there is a large potential audience interested in launches given the volume of viewers watching SpaceX launches. If Scott was handed a ×4-×5+ pay raise, and a small production crew, this would crush YT, and would probably wind up getting licensed for broadcast through corporate media. Imagine if launches were like small sporting events with corporations biding for broadcast rights instead of a PR department/company leaning on an expense account.
I'd tune in to watch.
-Jake
Screen separated in the middle; on the left actual rocket launch, on the right Scott with a beer launching as-close-as-possible copy of the rocket in modded KSP. "Hullo there, this is Scott Manley, and hopefully guys on the left won't crash as hard as I will" :D
I agree. This guy's appeal goes WAAAY beyond TH-cam. Elon Musk should hire him to do all of SpaceX's launch commentary/news updates/PR stuff. If you like rocket launches, space stuff, fire, and loud noises, you get on YT and watch his videos like everyone else. He's coming up to a million subscribers, and I guarantee his channel has the most "loyallty" of any fact/science based YT channel out there. I wish I could throw him a party when he gets to 1m subs.
NASA or ESA should hire him. They need (and deserve) every bit of PR they can get, unlike SpaceX.
I thoroughly recommend finding a copy of the PDF of _Ignition!: An informal history of liquid rocket propellants_ by John D Clark: it's an excellently technical and funny read on the various chemical rocket fuels/reactions, and their development from 1930s through to the end of the 1960s.
It's been reprinted. I got a copy from Amazon.
On Saturn V launches I especially like how the smoke billows up first and than gets sucked down really quickly as the engines power up...
I was also fascinated by that effect too. I always wondered how much suction/flow was created right at the MLP deck just before hold-down release. Marshmallows, anyone? Keeping in mind most footage of this is at 400 FPS, so it gets moving pretty quickly, but it's still slower than I had expected.
@@mikecowen6507 well twr was something like 1.1 right?
@@BenjaminKirbyTennyson0 Something like that. Not to forget the draw rods & dies to intentionally slow initial acceleration for the first 18 inches. The first one or two had 4 rods, and it was too much resistance. Remaining flights had 2. None had zero. I honestly don't know if it made a damn bit of difference...
For some reason the nozzle extension cooling on the F1 combined with the fuel type just conveys the raw power of the thrust coming out of the motor. Seeing the streaking and able to see the exhaust gasses moving.
Also keep in mind that that footage was shown in slow motion if I'm not mistaken, so it's actually faster than what it looks in those films.
Took me a while to wrap my head around that sort of power, simply amazing.
Isn't the cooling making the engine less efficient or am i missing something
It's not going to be very efficient if it melts.
And the F-1 is on a gas generator cycle: The turbine exhaust was going to get vented regardless.
ghgjg: Yes, there's a slight reduction in efficiency, but having the nozzle remain solid is a bigger consideration. Keep in mind that it's the temperature of the gas, not the nozzle, that produces the exhaust velocity, and therefore thrust. Very little of the gas gets anywhere near the nozzle surface.
BrightBlueJim ok. How much of the fuel is used for cooling, as a percentage?
Who else think rocket exhaust exiting the a rocket nozzle is one of the most satisfying thing in the world?
Cliff Yablonski, They dumb
Indeed--physics and geometry in beautiful action--I love shock diamonds...
Whoa whoa whoa, that was a "mehthane" at 6:15 instead of a "meethane." Ominous.
meth-ane
They only have "mee-thane" in the United Kingdom.
@@swinde yeah, ive never seen it over here, same as aluminium
His mind is being tampered with by American linguists!
Disappointed - I read
*Why Rocket Enthusiasts Look The Way The Do*
Not what I got. 1 Star..
I legit read it like this at first! I kinda am a rocket enthusiast so i was immediately "triggered". :D
I was nerd sniped. Oh that be my fav XKCD
How about that.
Solid evidence that rocket engineers are great at math but awful at reading and writing.
pretty much
6:07
"Initiating payload cloaking device"
*mic shuts off*
*shouting in the control room*
New announcer: "that was a joke, our camera feed experienced a glitch"
*collective sigh of relief from cloaking engineers*
lol
Well that was the best nerdgasm I've had this year.
Fly safe good sire.
@Jimmy Sorry jim, just quite happy at what i watched. (If it looks extra botty i apologize tho)
B0BBYL33J0RD4N he's talking to physicists and serious space fans, not to the occasional passer-by.
2:40 Scheme of Shock Diamond
4:40 RS-68 (Ablative Cooling)
5:18 Merlin
5:25 Kerosene (Number of Carbon Atoms)
5:46 UDMH
6:12 Raptor (Methane)
6:40 Color of Exhaust
7:20 F-1 (Film Cooling)
10:05 Exhaust Altitude Expansion
Brilliant video mate! Some good explanations that were previous not so obvious for aerospace engineers as well.. if you could cover aerospike and other plug nozzles physics also, it would be great...
I really thought he was going to go to the aerospike engine at the end . .
The aerospike, in effect, uses the atmospheric pressure as the outer surface of the nozzle, making it an automatically altitude-compensating nozzle. I've never seen a good explainer video. There is a text on NASA's website that covers it well.
Thanks for the Ascent shout out. Always nice to have the video get recognized for all the effort the Glenn folks put into it even if pao thought nobody would want to watch 45 min of Ascent views.
I've always wondered why rocket exhausts looked "the way the do"
@Jimmy is this a bot reply?
At the end of the video you said the words that are very easy to underestimate: understanding why things happen makes them all the more beautiful. I've literally had several people, some of them my relatives, complain that science takes the beauty away from the world, like knowing why rainbows are what they are makes them boring. I think that's the excuse of a narrow mind: the need for mystery and the feeling of facing something unexplicable and higher than you to feel wonder. If anything, knowing how things work only make them more fascinating! In addition to being amazed by the sheer power and radiance of rocket exhausts, you can also feel the immense satisfaction of understanding the tiniest details of how it works. Science makes the already beautiful world even more beautiful, and thank you for helping more people see this :D
The documentary Scott was referring to at the start of the video is "Ascent - Commemorating Shuttle" - th-cam.com/video/W2VygftZSCs/w-d-xo.html
Damn Scott, this now one of my favourite videos on youtube.
Thanks!
Thank you! I wasn't that excited when I first saw this video thumbnail and description. But, today I wanted to watch it because I know how you can surprise with bits of information I would perhaps never get elsewhere. I was right. Good video, again.
Ahh, Triethyl Borane... It's the same stuff used to light the SR-71s J-58 engines. There's a distinctive green burst as the fuel reacts with the TeB. It's the same thing with the Raptor engine, except it's happening at a much higher concentration of TeB.
Who else discusses rocket exhaust formulas?
What range of temperatures are generated with the various fuels?
I develop ultra high-temp coatings.
This channel is so god damn great.
One of the coolest facts I learned at Endeavor in cali was the SRB smoke trail, since it is rich in aluminum, conducts electricity and keeps the orbiter grounded all the way to their burnout.
So, _Rocket Fuel_ met _Rocket Propellant,_ several years after they had both been on the space program, and went to grab a beer and reminisce:
*Propellant:* _"So, why did you leave the program?"_
*Fuel:* _"I was burned. You?"_
*Propellant:* _"I was exhausted."_
www.myinstants.com/instant/rimshot/
www.projectrho.com/public_html/rocket/misconceptions.php#notpropellant
This video is exhausting.
Good job. This deserves more likes
Why do the SRBs have those orange stripes?
stripes make everything go faster, this is common knowledge. especially fire decals
Ahhh, i see why SLS has those awesome "decals" on the sides. Man, NASA is making great leaps in technology every day.
I think there for electrecal components protection
@@caspermasiarek Yeah, unfortunately they couldn't get the fire decals on the SRBs, so they just had to use actual fire instead.
I too had always assumed the black effect in the Saturn V exhaust was due to the exhaust being so bright it overexposed and solarized the film.
This was the perfect video I needed when trying to explain to my 12yo son how I knew another rocket launch we were watching was a solid rocket booster.
A+ Mr Manley, thank you and well done.
Ammonium perchlorate- a stable but very useful oxidiser.
For further info on this tasty substance look up the Pepcon plant disaster.
Titan ICBM, no strap-ons, is the *prettiest* exhaust in my opinion. The transparent flames of the hypergolic propellants and the shock diamonds of the two engines interacting with each other. I haven't seen a lot of good video of it, but there is some.
6:48 I think I have heard raptor is using electric "spark plugs" to start the engine? Or are they using hypergolics only in the development?
yeah I thought they used giant sparkplugs too
@@nootonian4149 they do use them, this video is quite old tho, so not much info was out there about the raptor
This video was exhausting...
I'll just show myself out.
2:39 Lol my gasdynamics professor used to call that flow configuration "sausage" configuration because of its shape
07:08 When the F1 launches it pulls the smoke and flame from ignition downwards which make it look like a reverse gif
Thanks for the video. I don’t understand pressure yet. If the pressure of the exhaust is lower than the atmosphere, how does it escape the engine? Why doesn’t it get pushed back in by the air pressure?
It's coming out so fast it just whacks the air out of the way
I thought they ran cooling lines around the bell housing of the Saturn 5. They cool the bell with turbo pump exhaust?
The upper half is cooled by the fuel, as you say. The lower half has no cooling tubes, so the pump exhaust is injected in from the large tube that surrounds the bell at the halfway point.
Thank you Scott, you have answered the oldest question in my life. I’m 58 years old and grew up watching NASA launches and I’ve always been fascinated by and curious about the dark band at the nozzle of the F-1. Film cooling... I even asked an astronaut at a motivational speech I attended what it was, he didn’t know.
*Because it's R E A L L Y C O O L !*
When I was in Aerospace Engineering in college, I learned a very counterintuitive principle of rocket science that I haven’t been able to find any videos that even mention it, let alone explain the science in a way that makes sense using the physics we all understand. And that principle is that as the combusted gasses leave the combustion chamber and makes its way to the nozzle, it travels down a constricting neck and, as expected, increases velocity until it reaches the speed of sound. Now here is where it gets weird. First, it cannot exceed the speed of sound as the duct converges. Even weirder, as it enters the expanded bell shaped curve, the molecules actually ACCELERATE to speed well beyond the speed of sound, contrary to what you would think if you’ve ever learned Bernoulli’s principle. Since this was just a beginning undergraduate aerospace engineering class, we were not given an explanation as to why this counterintuitive phenomenon happens. All we were given was a formula that we used to calculate the velocity of the gas based on the shape of the nozzle and the distance from the combustion chamber. Scott, if you could do a kind of a nerdy, high level explanation as to why this happens, I would be very grateful!
What a great explanation of the various rocket plumes - so clear and concise! I really enjoy your segments.
I love your commentary but all of the slow motion rocket exhausts were real rocket pornography.
Another interesting rocket exhaust was that of Black Arrow. It used RP-1 and high test peroxide and had a practically invisible exhaust. If you look up pictures of the launch, it practically looks like it's floating in mid air
Scott Manley, you never fail to amaze me
6:55 Hey, I’m old enough to remember, back in the day, when Caltex would advertise that they had “Boron” in the petrol they sold. This was before I discovered it was an element. Never found out whether it was the actual element they put in, or it was just a brand name for some proprietary additive or other.
I've loved all of your videos, but this one stands out! Thanks for the great research and very clear way you teach.
Turbine pumps of F1 Saturn V were rated at 55,000 horsepower, each. Each engine burned 2578 kg per second (1789 kg of liquid oxygen + 788 kg of kerosene). Combined rate of 5 F1 engines was 12.890 kg per second. Sound Pressure Level was 220 DB. The effects that sound waves produce at 220 DB are stunning. The rocket itself would be torn apart, this is why enormous amounts of water were pumped into the launch pad to damp the sound. At 220 DB, nearby concrete melts, at 1 mile away, grass ignites. At 220 db, water condenses out of the air, causing a fog.
6:06 - When you don't 'Check yo stagin'
Congrats, very good video. I enjoyed it very much.
Let add something interesting... The hydrogen fuelled rockets, like the ones at Space Shuttle, are not necessarily less bright exhaust flames than the solid fuel rockets at boosters. What happens is that when burning hydrogen, flame is ultraviolet, and humans are blind to this wavelength. In others words, hydrogen flames look invisible to us.
Best regards from Madrid, Spain.
So the reason the F-1 motors have that dark band... Is the gas generators are rolling coal.
The ONLY time that's ever been cool.
Thank you Scott! Super informative. Definitely more content like this. For example: How about a series of videos on the history of rocket construction? Why various rockets throughout history have been so different in construction. All that was entailed by the aerospace industry to build these amazing vehicles. And who the various companies were that created the worlds most famous rockets. 🚀
Unless the earlier tests engines were different, I don't believe the green color on the Raptor engine exhaust is from TEA/TEB, as the Raptor uses electric ignition.
I believe the green is actually from copper (or similar metal) residue used in the nozzle construction.
I was assigned to the Rocket Site at Edwards AFB during the OV101 development (Space Shuttle) you just condensed “Rocket Fundamentals” into a few minutes, I wish you’d have done the training. The Fuels school was really interesting, what I took away from that class was to fight a fuel fire from the next county.
Perhaps you could explain why the exhaust from composite propellants (PBAN/AP) which do not contain Aluminium have a similar optical signature to those of the Shuttle boosters. Something other than the Aluminium is adding to the opacity of the exhaust. (Hint: The exhaust contains large quantities of HCl and H2O)
Scott Manley - FYI, the main fuel in the SRB core is the PBAN, not the aluminum! The aluminum is only present in ca. 2% concentration, and is a catalyst in the reaction. The composition is close to 20% PBAN, and the majority of the weight, of course, is the heavy ammonium perchlorate oxidizer.
Ah, Raptor is spark ignition, not TEA-TEB. No TEA-TEB on Mars...yet. What you are seeing is likely optical sensor distortion from the large dynamic range when the engine lights (and shutdown)...or some copper combusting from the chamber (not a good sign and doubt that is the case here).
Funny. I was _just_ thinking earlier today about Ian Malcolm's quip in the book Jurassic Park about why he wore black. The quote was: “As a matter of fact, black is an excellent color for heat. If you remember your black-body radiation, black is actually best in heat. Efficient radiation.” He should have said "in the shade", but for some reason it always stuck with me. Full disclosure: I wear all-black attire all of the time (for several decades, now). Mostly because I never have to match anything and it seems to fit in with many different social situations, but I like to think there's a little bit of Malcolm's statement somewhere in there, too. ;)
Scott, I'm assuming you mean this vid: "Ascent - Commemorating Shuttle" (th-cam.com/video/W2VygftZSCs/w-d-xo.html)?
I always thought the green in the exhaust plume was because they used some kind of copper alloy in the CC/nozzle. I didn't realize the were using TEA/TEB on Raptor, I thought it was augmented torch ignition.
Regarding how witnesses grossly misunderstand rocket plumes in the sky. I’m drafting a major new section on my home page on ‘rocket spotting’ that puts two dozen of my recent launch/entry reports with many older reports and articles into a logical sequence, and am posting it piecemeal here for comments and suggestions. Please feel free to forward this to any and all who might find it interesting, amusing, or even usefully informative. And suggest related links from other writers on this theme.
See draft here
www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread1216782/pg1
i had a big aha moment when you were talking about the blackbody radiation. im learning more in your videos than i ever did in school
For further information on rocket nozzles, flames and ignition systems I can wholeheartedly recommend "The flames of the rockets" from "French Space Guy"
th-cam.com/video/EO_gwxon764/w-d-xo.html
sup mate. i have an idea for a video... you know how you have those asteroid discovery videos? (totally amazing by the way
2:15 Is ISIS rebranding itself after the whole failed religious extremist gig?
11 minutes of rocket engines in slow-mo? yes please
The Space Shuttle photography was great. I understood that it was a film camera so that each individual grain could record very bright Booster exhaust, dimmer Shuttle exhaust, or the inside surfaces equally.
thank you kindly, Sir, for providing me with an answer, finally, to why the F1 engines have that dark section between the nozzle and flame front. I have been searching and searching.... but could never get a satisfactory explanation. I just assumed that it was a rend in the fabric of space time caused by the violence of the chemical reactions..... lol. you are my new hero.!!.
Great video as usual, Scott :) Thank you.
Heres the link to the video "Ascent" mentioned in the beginning.
th-cam.com/video/W2VygftZSCs/w-d-xo.html
Scott Manley, thank you, Your explanation of exhaust is spot on. However me and my fellow rocket engineers do not like to use the term thrust, we use the term force from within a pressure vessel ( Newton's third law ). Rockets are not propelled, they are lifted from within by the internal pressure. All that fire and gas out the nozzle is only the result of the internal pressure. sorry just saying.
Hey Scott, I thought you should know, there's a youtube channel named The Kerbal King that is just ripping and uploading your ksp tutorials.
Ahhhh I am so satisfied to finally understand why the RS-25 on the Shuttle and the RS-68 on the Delta IV look so different despite both being hydrolox.
I thought the F1 used regenerative cooling. Does it use both film and regenerative, or am I mistaken? In the video he said they didn't run LOX through the bell but there are pipes along it so are they running kerosene through it?
I notice, Scott, when you refer to a short video "clip", you call it "footage". But we use metric and there is no film physical length. It's actually a nanometer length of some magnetic storage. Thus, should you not say "nanometerage" instead of "footage"?
When I am working (programming) and I get stuck on something, I feel dumb. So I come over to Scott Manley and then I feel smart again. Back to work...
Another neat aspect of the F-1 design is that the cooling gas is actually the waste gas from the turbine powering the massive turbopumps for the propellants, and by funneling that waste gas back into the nozzle the designers not only cooled the nozzle, they salvaged a few seconds of impulse from propellants burned in the turbine that would otherwise have been "wasted" from a pure thrust perspective. It's a small increase in efficiency but it probably bought a few more pounds of payload to the moon!
Maybe this is a stupid question, but how the fuck do you know so much about rockets? I mean, I feel like I've learned so much that I'm going to start talking about rockets with a Scottish Manleyish accent.
Another great video, more detailed from Techniques Spatiales here : th-cam.com/video/hex0PTPjm-A/w-d-xo.html
Unfortunately in french but subtitles seems to be good in english !
Lots of stuff shedding off at the ~4min spot; is that just residual ice (and from where) or hunks of foam. Most seem to be going up over the vehicle so maybe not a big deal but rather surprised to see it, since I'd never saw before in such quantity.
"let's look at a case where the color of the flame is actually a chemical signature" SN8 the starship that tryed a new hybrid rocket where the oxidiser was LOX and the fuel was Raptor engine burning with a nice green flame