What is the Difference between VFD and Soft Starter?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 21 พ.ค. 2024
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In this video, we will look at the internal workings of the devices, how to determine which device you might want, and look at some applications to better understand these differences.
Let’s first talk about the internal working of the two devices. A typical three-phase soft starter uses six Thyristors or Silicon Controlled Rectifiers, oriented in an anti-parallel configuration to start the electric motors smoothly.
A Thyristor is made up of 3 parts; a logic gate, a Cathode, and Anode. When an internal pulse is applied to the gate it allows current to flow from Anode to Cathode which then sends current out to our motor.
When the internal pulses do not apply to the gate, the SCRs are in the OFF state and therefore they restrict the current to the motor.
These internal pulses limit the applied voltage to the motor slowing down inrush current. The pulses are sent based on ramp time so the current will be slowly applied to the motor.
The motor, attached to the soft starter, will start up at a nice smooth current and top out at the preset maximum speed.
The motor will stay at that speed until we stop the motor where the soft starter will ramp down the motor in a very similar way as the ramp up.
VFD’s have three main components, a Rectifier, a Filter and an Inverter.
The Rectifier acts like Diodes, takes the incoming AC voltage and changes it to DC voltage.
Next, the Filter uses Capacitors to clean the DC voltage making it a smoother incoming power.
Finally, the “Inverter” uses transistors to convert the DC voltage and sends the motor a frequency in Hertz.
This frequency drives the motor to a specific RPM. We can set the ramp up and down times just like in a soft starter.
So how do we know which device is needed for our application? The decision on which device you choose comes down to how much control your application requires.
If your application requires a large inrush of current but does not require speed control, then a soft starter is the best option.
If speed control is required, then a VFD is a must.
Also, the price can be a determining factor in a lot of real-world applications. Since a soft starter has fewer control features, the price is lower than a VFD.
And finally, if the size of our device is a determining factor, soft starters are generally smaller than most of the VFDs.
Let’s look at some real-world applications to help us see the difference between a VFD and a Soft Starter.
The application we will look at is a cooling fan. In this scenario, a cooling fan will turn on when the plant air temperature hits a high-temperature set-point.
Once the set-point is reached the cooling fan will slow down to maintain the air temperature unless it drops below a low-temperature setpoint, where it will shut off.
However, if the temperature continues to rise and pass the high-temperature setpoint, the fan will need to move faster.
Which device would work best in this situation? That’s right! A VFD would be better than a soft starter because the speed of the fan will need to vary.
If our scenario was only turning the fan on or off based on temperature and not changing speed, then a soft starter would be a better option.
In closing, a VFD and a Soft Starter can do similar functions when it comes to ramp up or down a motor.
The main difference between the two is a VFD that can vary the speed of a motor while a soft starter only controls the starting and stopping of that motor.
When faced with an application, price and size are in the favor of a soft starter.
A VFD is the better choice if speed control is required. The good news is that if an existing application has a soft starter in place and speed control is later determined to be a requirement, a VFD can easily replace a soft starter. The opposite is true as well, a soft starter can replace a VFD.
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One important thing to note here. When adding a VFD, in many times the motor will need to be replaced as well. The motor needs to be Inverter Duty rated to operate with a VFD. If you use a non-inverter duty motor it won't cause immediate damage but it will in the long run lessen the life of the motor quicker due to the harmonics which can damage the motor windings. I see it all the time in HVAC applications where they replace Vortex dampers by adding a VFD to control fan speed to duct static pressure and motors burning out after only a year or two. Ideally, if you replace an HOA or Soft Starter with VFD, make sure the motor is Inverter Duty and if not, the motor should be replaced as well.
Thanks for sharing your knowledge with us, Juan. We appreciate that!
Yep I told guy that they needed inverter rated motor instead of general duty motor for evaporator fan motor that burnt out after about two years from being run on VFD. He didn't believe me because said the engineer wouldn't have designed it if it didn't work. Next motor only lasted about same amount of time. Some people think if you're not a licensed engineer you don't know anything. Oh well because I've seen lots of things engineers designed that could of used the advice of a technician that's worked in real world for awhile.
Before you actually destroy the winding, bearings will be destroyed due to bearing currents. It may however not occur in water pump applications
Fact 💯,case harmonic filter's maybe prevent this issue?
How can you tell if a motor is inverter duty rated?😅 I had a water pump with a 1,5kw 3 phase motor and connected it to a vfd, it will be running at about 15hz constantly as it’s for aquarium use. The nameplate doesn’t reference anything specific 😢
As an engineer who has worked on industrial drives for various applications , this is the only channel which explains these concepts very effectively.
Keep sharing these knowledge and also would love if you could share the logic in which parameters are set in the control board.
That's a great compliment, Nikhil! Thanks a lot!
Can you tell me in chinese what is that ? thank you very much.
that is a great deal of knowledge, hence thank so much for your sharing this
Keep at it young man, you will never know it all (70 y/o still learning) look at syn RN motors on ABB website. Tessler was a clever bugger!
Good luck friend 👌
Instablaster.
As a Technician this is a valuable information for me, explained in very simple way, subscribed the channel.
Awesome, thank you!
I'm enrolled online for Automation, Robotics, and PLC and I have to say this is by far easier to understand. Thank you.
Happy to hear that, Micah! Thanks for your support!
These videos are really amazing, I'm a mechatronics student and a hobbyist and always try to rescale the instruments seen on the industrial area to a more home-friendly or toys applications, by watching how the industry works I can also learn to adapt my prototypes in a robust and straight-foward way. Thanks!!
Hi Jonathan,
Thanks a lot for your kind compliment! We are always extremely happy to hear such positive feedback! If you ever have any questions, feel free to reach out to us.
Happy learning!
VFD's are also great for power savings if you have long piping systems with low head pressure required, thus saving on friction losses with higher fluid velocities. One of my primary jobs for awhile was analyzing pumping systems to determine the feasibility of retrofitting VFD's using power savings to build a business case. Saved millions at a water utility company for both water and waste water systems
No studies required if we are talking about replacing any contactor/soft start with a VFD. The flexibility of a VFD is unparalleled and absolutely required for any control over a system. It can certainly improve power requirements in the long term but be sure to include a line reactor before the VFD it this is going to be heavily deployed. Harmonics can hurt a plants power factor immensely. A soft start is on and off, I would rarely recommend, only if that is its sole purpose.
offcorse
@@shearzy3152 Not necessarily. VFDs also have a much higher power loss. Also because I live in Australia they have a reduced lifespan due to high heat in summer when not airconditioned (though this was in 2012 so tech has probably improved on both fronts). Some waste water piping systems with short runs, high head don't have much energy saving through reducing fluid velocities. Sometimes a pump's performance curve is perfectly ideal for a particularly system with a soft starter so installing a VFD actually cost more in energy due to power losses. I did this work between 2008-2014 and I do data science now rather than electrical engineering so haven't actually seen VFDs for 8 years. Schneider was my prefered
@@deadspeedvthis right here. I am a Rotating Equipment Specialist for Oil/Gas. Mostly pumps. If the pump curve is ideal for the system then you can just run it, otherwise yeah VFD.
Excellent presentation. In addition, use of a VFD for a conveyor drive helps because we need max torque and low speed
Thanks a lot for your support, Sid!
Thanks for showing video and your explainations.
Thank You For such a nice Explanation ! Never imagined so much Technology involved in Startup. We take it for granted ! Just a flick of the switch I used to think. Changed my perspective.
we are getting skilled with the knowledge you giving us. thank you.
Amazing compliment, Robby! Thank you!
Did contactord ever amplifier
I'm recent graduate from the control and automation engineering. However I need to learn more and more tasks and your videos are helping me lots of. Thanks for your collaboration. I'm from México City so, at the same time that I reforce my knowledges, I practice the English language.
That is amazing to hear, Ericka! Thanks for sharing your positive feedback with us! You are doing a great job! Keep up the learning curve.
Let us know if you ever have any questions along the way!
Just to let you know, that we also have a free course on PLC Hardware bit.ly/2XnnUrF
Happy learning!
The way realpars presents videos is really commendable.
Thanks for your support, Awais!
still an electrical trainee these are videos for my training keep it up
Happy to hear that, Assios!
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Your videos are totally helpful. I'm a last year student majoring in Control Engineering & Automation. Your channel helped me understand a alot about industrial devices, programing, communication protocols,... Moreover, your channel is one of the best channels for me to learn English. Huge thanks for this channel and the creative team! Hopefully, there will be more better videos in the future
Thank you so much! We truly appreciate your support!
Back in the day, a soft start was used to reduce the current inrush to the motor for about a few seconds. They are still out there , especially for large direct drive compressors in the refrigeration and HVAC applications. Great video!, but I'm an old coot that rembers those days.
Thanks for your comment, Dale! Great to hear your thoughts and knowledge on this topic!
Thanks for all of your educative videos! Please make some videos on AC ratings of motors and what is meant by SIL rating of PLCs. Thanks again!
Thanks for the topic suggestion, Bilal. I will definitely go ahead and forward this to our creator team. Happy learning!
Keep in mind, depending on brand, some soft starters can only start a motor 2 times in an hour. Also, they reduce motor voltage on startup which causes them to draw VERY high amperage through the soft starter.
Thanks for getting it with so much of clarity
You are very welcome, Anuraag! Happy to hear that you enjoying our course videos!
Awesome video! I will just comment on one point to clarify. @1:03 - "A soft starter is generally used in applications where there is a large inrush of current that could damage a motor" The arrow appears to come from the electrical grid into the motor. It is the motor that creates this inrush (drawing on the grid) and as a result can have adverse affect on the electrical grid and other equipment (like a voltage drop dimming the lights). Soft starters are used to protect the integrity / strength of the grid voltage, avoiding dips during motor starting. Soft starters are horrible for motors if starting under any loaded conditions, this is because the torque generated by the motor when operated on a soft start is a squared function of the voltage drop. 50% drop in voltage to start the motor means 25% available rated torque! A 'no load' or 'reduced load' condition would be okay but needs to be reviewed.
Both VFD and Soft Starts can be used to protect the grid strength, just a difference in how they do it. Thanks for the video!
Thank you for your comments. It is the motor demand that causes the inrush of current when the motor starts, unless a VFD or soft starter is used to limit the inrush current. When designing a motor control system (starter type, motor type and size, motor protection, etc.), the entire installation environment must be analyzed. How much load on start? Load on stop? Torque requirements? Horsepower requirements? Is speed regulation required? Answering these questions and applying the correct devices will provide for long motor life.
We use soft starters to start pumps slowly to protect PCV piping from breaking.
Thank you for this clear & simple explanation😍
You are very welcome, Sherif! Happy to hear that you are enjoying our content!
Great video! Clear , concise and at a good level.
Thanks for your support, Montag!
BEST EXPLANATION FOR VFD AND SOFT STARTERS, HANDS DOWN, THANK YOU,
Thanks for the feedback and suggesiton, Yasser!
Wow , wow , wow great effort , thank you very much realpars team for these high quality videos :)
Ahmed from egypt
You are very welcome, Ahmed!
Simple and very clear explanation. Thank you 😊.
Glad it was helpful!
Simple & Easy way of Explanation. Thanks
Great to hear that! Happy learning.
Thanks giving is deserved to you in abundance sir.Because you prove "and motivate meeks and weaks into professionalsprofessionally that "Knowledge is to serve
Great to hear that, Thobias! Thanks for sharing!
Nice video explains about soft starter and VFD. Thank you for your clear explanation
Great to hear! You are very welcome.
Very informative. Process Control engineer from Kenya. Keep up!
Great! Thanks for your support, Robert!
Clearly explained the difference between VFD & SS and its usage.. Thanks
You're more than welcome!
Simplest way of explaining the difference between VFD and Soft Starter. Subscribed your channel
Thanks a million, Mohammed! Great to hear that.
Great simple explanation. I use VFDs with a pressure sensor on vacuum systems at tunnel car washes. As more people use the hoses the system ramps up. Saves money for the owners and wear and tear on the producer and motor.
Thanks for your support!
হাগগগ
I am from India and I really impressed with your explanation style very easy to understand
Great to hear that, Shailendra! Thanks for your support.
Happy learning, please let us know if you have any questions along the way!
Sir you're excellent teacher thanks
Thank you for your efforts ☺️... I learnt about soft starters and INVERTER DUTY rated motor....
You're very welcome! Happy learning
Very cool. Very well explained, I would like to congratulate you for the initiative.
Thank you very much!
This video is very effective and most useful for an engineer.. Thank you very much sir.
Glad it was helpful!
Thank you so much, It´s your lessons are incredible
You are very welcome, Wilberth!
Great video thank you for sharing knowledge with us. Good continuation for next.
You are very welcome, Abderrahmane! Happy learning!
Good morning , desde Colombia gracias
Amazing job .... this is my first time to watch your any video and now i am one of your subscriber and wanted to learn more from you ..... Thank you so much for providing us such knowledgeable videos .... Love you man
That's amazing, Waseem! We are happy to have you join the RealPars family! If you have any questions, feel free to reach out to us whenever needed!
Happy learning!
@@realpars Thank you so much Sir for your kind and humble response and Sir i feel like home here if there is any question in my mind i would ask you with out any hesitation ....... Thank you so much once again ...... and also i will make sure that i give awareness to others about your channel ..... hope so i can helped others by your knowledged ...... Thank you Sir ..... Have a grest day and do stay safe .....
Thank you very much for your support! You are the best! :)
@@realpars Sir you deserve this all ... whatever i said above .....
That's good explanation for understanding VFD and softstarter , especilly to beganner likeme. Thanks
Glad it was helpful!
thanks for this video, you just closed safely an argument between me and my manager on some simple application which i decided it'd need only a soft starter but he said it needs a VFD with MC 😁😁😁, i win only by your video, thank you.
Thats amazing, Ibrahim! What a great compliment. Thanks for sharing that with us! Happy learning!
Some just prefer VFD on everything. Meh... I see a lot of our pumps, conveyors, separators going to VFD's. Yep believe it or not we still have some Alpha Laval separators still on wye/delta starters :)
@@galyien I'm one of those who like to cut expenses, most of motor driven applications just need start/ stop ramps, overload protection, and that's existing by default in soft starters which are way cheaper than VFD's
Very informative and proper presentation. Thank you.
Thanks a lot for your kind comment! Happy to hear that.
RealPars I'm just asking, is there any video (s) on how automatic transfer switches works/operates?
so clear explanation and easy to understand
Glad it was helpful!
Excellent illustration, thank you
Great to hear that! Thanks for sharing, Ahmed!
I follow your chanel from egypt 🇪🇬 👍🏻
Really very informative and nice elaboration ….Thank you sir.
You are very welcome, Sandeep! Great to hear that.
VFD also have the added advantage of being able to converting single phase to 3 phase.
Is it possible in Siemens vfd pm240 series.
Please guide me
yes it is possible, we are also converting single phase DC to three phase AC.
@@ravisaroj28 single phase DC ?
only up to about 3HP
after 3hp you will need three phase input power
The way of explaining is awesome...🤟
Thank you so much!
I like the IGBT's in the VFDs. When i found defective VFDs that are thrown away i like to remove these IGBTs and use them for my own projects.
Im now further in to my Automation education.
These movies i have been watching for some weeks. Let me tell you !
Very formal and very easy to follow. English isnt my main language, but listening to the very calm and easy to hear voice, and looking at the pictures and examples REALLY makes this a whole lot easier to grasp and even learn than any of my teachers ^^.
This is very good if you are just starting up with Automation.
Kudos !
Greeting from Sweden :)
That's amazing to hear! Thank you so much for sharing such positive feedback.
If you have any questions along the way, please do not hesitate to contact us at any time - we're happy to help!
@@realpars thank you for you response !
And thank you again :) i will make sure to remember that !
Very clear explanation, thank u for sharing.
Glad it was helpful! Happy learning, Dave
Excellent presentation..
Thank you..
Thanks for your support, Naresh!
Your fan animation will be subject to induced vibrations at higher speeds due to blade geometry. Suggest a VFD and through the versatile settings limit maximum RPM to a value below the tested unstable zone or find a fan supply source with a design department consuming far less Red Bull.
Haha... Yeah. The fan blades don't look too optimized, carbonated energy drink was a factor. :) In all seriousness, the animation was pretty well done. Helped me understand the difference between VFD and soft start.
Great video! Clear and concise !!
Glad it was helpful! Thanks for sharing, Glaucio
Great video....easy to understand. Good job.
Thanks for your support, Jim!
I'm working for almost 24 years as an electrical maintenance supervisor in a manufacturing plant thats why I appreciate your video for teaching the young engineers how this stuff works.
Amazing thank you , I need help about Schneider Somatchine. Programming
Great video thank you for sharing knowledge with us
You are very welcome, Hany! Happy learning!
Excelente explicación. Muy claro
Muchas gracias, Edgard!
Great Video for initiators in the field
Glad it was helpful!
very good video...but i would still use a soft starter and 2 mechanical sensor to stop and start the flow if the tank is full.
Crystal clear explanation.👏👏
Glad it was helpful!
This channel is GOLD
Thank you very much!
Thank you very much for explanations
Our pleasure!
Thank you very much... Excellent explanation...
Glad it was helpful!
Thank you very clear explanation.
Glad it was helpful! You're very welcome
Thank you very much .
You are really helping me
It's our pleasure! Happy learning
What a great video
Can you please update a video for parameters of both VFD and Softstarter. What are all the most important parameter setup to be known?? How to setup speed reference and speed control ? Etc
Thanks for the topic suggestion, Mohamed! I have forwarded this to our creator team. Thanks!
1. FLC of your motor
2. Supply voltage eg. 400V
Maybe you have interest in our products. topstock.aliexpress.com
Just get the manual of the Vfd and it will have all the info. Typically a vfd you set motor parameters (Volts, current, power, poles, rpm, min and max frequency). Then wire switches to connect a common terminal to digital inputs. Program digital inputs to do what you want with motor (fixed speed or use analog reference for speed such as 0-10v or 4-20mA signal from a controller or a potentiometer. Motor ramp speeds and curves. These are common uses, but there are 100s of more settings.
Thanks for the information sharing. Please make and share some Information on starting of HV Motors. Soft starters and Triac working.
Hi Altaf!
Thanks for your comment and your suggestion. I will pass this on to our course developers!
Thanks for sharing and happy learning!
My lathe, two milling machines, shaper and drilling machine are controlled by VFDs, only the lathe having a dedicated unit, the other 4 machines sharing two VFDs with each having a three position 3-phase selector changeover switch to direct power to a single machine of choice, power switched off of course.
What a pleasure being able to select the correct speed depending on circumstances and what type of metal used and rate of removal.
The hassle of stepped pulleys and belt changing a thing of the past.
The drilling machine and lathe are now an absolute pleasure to use as speed is now instantly controlled to suit depth of cut with metal being used.
Very informative. Thank you for sharing.
Glad to hear that, you're more than welcome!
Thanks for great video. 🙏🙏🙏
You are very welcome!
Can you tell me in chinese what is that ? thank you very much.
very cool..thanks for your information sir...so i know the difference between VFD and Soft Starter
You are welcome! Glad to hear that.
Thanks to RealPars !!!
You are very welcome!
It was been very usefull lesson.Thank you very much, your explane iş very good.(in İstanbul)
You are welcome! Glad to hear that.
Excellent 👌 thank you for explaining it
Thanks for your support, Yassen!
Very good explanation thank you so much
Glad it was helpful!
Thanks. Great videos
My Bosch Professional Powerdrill/Boschhammer seems to have VFD judging from the description in this video as the machine can vary the RPMs, starts and stops gradually and also allows for presetting of maximum RPMs.
Really well explained 👌👍
Thank you, Adithya!
Very useful video,thanks!
Great to hear that, John! Thanks for sharing.
East to understand...thanks
Thank you for the knowledge.
You're very welcome! Thanks for sharing!
@@realpars welcome sir. Pls support my channel thank you
Thanks brow I am obtain some hint about soft starter and VFD.keep it up.
You are most welcome!
Explicación magistral.
Si quieren más, que le piquen caña.
Gracias!
Thanks you for your video. It mean a lot to me.
You are very welcome!
Totally helped me on my presentation tomorrow. Thank you 100%
Glad it helped with your presentation!
Tq soooooooooo much good knowledge in this video please follow this type of topics
You're very welcome!
Very useful presentation tnx realpars.
Thanks for your comment!
Softstarter will draw current between 300% to 500% at the startup, so whether the source supply can handle or no, that should also be considered. In this context VFD has the advantage
VFD always has the advantage, a properly sized VFD can handle the inrush and has speed, ramp up, ramp down control. Among hundreds of other parameters. Softstarts are only used when the load is running consistently with minimal occurrences of on/off state. From a controls perspective, VFDs are king, especially with EIP control nowadays.
great detail
Great explanation thanks for this video
Thanks for watching!
As an electrical engineer this is so satisfying video ever seen. Love from Pakistan.
Thanks a lot, Ahsan. Happy to hear that you are enjoying the course videos.
In that case, you will probably enjoy our free course on PLC Hardware as well bit.ly/2XnnUrF
Happy learning!
@@realpars Sure.
this video is totally awesome, thx
Amazing to hear, Anthony! Thanks for sharing your positive feedback!
Thank you sir good explanation......can expalain about the other types of drives........and wiring connetions & how to interface with the plc's
Hi Sathish,
Thanks for reaching out and your topic suggestion! I will go ahead and forward this to our creator team.
Happy learning!
@@realpars Thank you Realpars......
Thanks so much
Very usefull information
Saludes desde Honduras
Glad to hear that, Arnulfo! Thanks for sharing.
Excellent ; thanks
You are welcome!
Excellent presentation!!!
Thank you!
Thanks a lot. Helped a ton..
Glad to hear that!
Speed Control is the real driver for the VFD since they cost more with an internal rectifier, DC bus (fiilter), and inverter. While the Soft start is typically just a 6 thyristor package (a gate controlled diode) or basically just an inverter.
This is great! I hope someone can help me with this question though. In the event that a VFD within a circuit board experiences very high values of instantaneous current, can a soft starter be used to control this be connecting it in series with the VFD? (note that the VFD circuit has overcurrent/abnormal voltage shields e.g. varistors, surge arresters, and choke coils)
Thank you in advance for the response.
You would never use a soft-starter in series with a VFD. Both can regulate the amount of in-rush current on startup and, therefore, each can provide starting current protection alone.
No you can’t. Both on input and output this would cause problems. On input : vfd can’t start due to low startup voltage coming from ss. On output : ss can’t handle frequencies put out by vfd.