I have seen thousands of videos on youtube about Egypt, its culture, its pyramids, etc. but this video, and its aerial images, those unusual perspectives, are A WORK OF ART. CONGRATULATIONS to you for making such great material for us pyramid fans.
I couldn't agree more. Absolutely fantastic content and presentation. Be sure to check his other videos on ancient Egypt. Very unique and rare info to be sure.
@@HistoryforGRANITE It was not about dismantling the pyramid! TRANSLATIONS! it was about digging in and finding the gold! No need to pointlessly remove the top half of the pyramid! They where digging for the tunnels! WOW you complain about people believing a written account but then you make up a baseless fairy tale about it being an elaborate scheme to swindle! WITH NO EVIDENCE AT ALL! YOU GET THE IRONY RIGHT?
hawass has always been an "attention grabber". "look at me and be amazed at what I think I know!" Once again, you have made a wonderful presentation! Thank you and hope to see many more!
I also think Hawaas owns a private tour business; I've seen some of the published ads in magazines. He has every incentive to promote mystery and hidden treasure,
Zahi Hawass is like if Indiana Jones had a teleporter accident with Donald Trump, he's a fraud and a narcissist and a despicable scumbag and I also blame our cheap, shitty "popular science" media for allowing him to strut around
They are definitely hiding stuff because they make a ton of money off of tourism. When people stop coming they will magically find another passage. Just like how they are dragging their feet with the hidden camber they found with LIDAR. They gave some weak reason why they didn't check it out right away.
In fact believe the opposite..He often denies something dosen't exist and then takes credit later for a discovery and then the discovery itself is sketchy...
@@yoda-e5w Definitely has been squirreling away far more than that from ill gotten gains. There's a reason he wont let anyone with actual merit get near the pyramids.
@driveboy317 I mean, it's pretty obvious if you have even one brain cell. The secrecy and denial of any credible research alone is enough to make anyone wonder what he's hiding. Im curious what proof you have that he's been forthcoming with his findings??
@@driveboy317 Brain? I guess not. Do you know what "behind closed doors" means as a saying? It can mean "out of sight of the public" but it can also be used more generally to mean "but there is no hard proof of such happening".
I do think you're right on, it makes sense. For me, the mention of the sound of the tumbling blocks down the face of the pyramid says to me at least someone was actually there. Embedding into the sand, yes. But the person who witnessed this was(in my opinion) never above or on the top as the blocks fell. Over a ton and the friction/hits from the falling rock creates a distinct burning smell that generally wafts up the cliff face or pyramid face etc.. I was part of team tasked with knocking granite boulders off cliffs etc that were expected/deemed to fall soon. Hiking trails/road would be closed and pretty much using only scissor and little bottle jacks, we would tip multi ton boulders down. The boulder would disappear into the forest but the trees would shake or just vanish as it tumbled. The sound, the feel in the ground and the burning smell.. Incredible. It was powerful.
As kids we always searched for boulders on hill sides and rock sides then used digging bars to make them roll down. Some were several tonnes and took hours to tip. One we dumped in a lake seeing it make a crater all the way to the bottom several meters down was fantastic as a teen.
@@hnorrstrom Yes!! Incredible! Dropping something like that into water, I never had the pleasure but I can imagine the splash! FOOM!! Envious. Thank you for sharing.. that's the power of the mind right there. Thank you again for sharing.
The real gem of Menkaure’s pyramid is the remaining layer of GRANITE casing stones at its base. It is a one of a kind gift… to have such an exquisite layer of artifacts somehow not completely stripped away by extreme time and outside influences. Thus, leaving wonderfully intact puzzle pieces that share global hallmarks of stone processing techniques.
i had no idea one of the great pyramids had that same signature stone casing, just like the megalithic sites in Peru, Japan, Easter Island, etc. Can’t believe i’m just learning about these stones today
@@steviechampagne Some schools of thought offer that there were civilisations in the past destroyed by world-wide cataclysm/s. Some (on the face of it) come across as quite loopy, others ask questions that are almost impossible to answer without invoking "higher powers" (or similar). A Mister Graham Hancock quite shamelessly does so ... and makes excellent sense in so doing. Hancock famously labelled us as "a species with amnesia", and he might well be right.
I'd also heard this demolition theory and never gave it a second though, but now this explanation makes a lot more sense. Another excellent analysis as usual.
Been studying the Pyramids for many years, wanted to let you know I enjoyed your video, nice points were made. I wanted to add that Zahi is very controversial, the second time the robot climbed up the shaft the seal was broken pointing to corruption.. He also gave Japanese scientists a hard time while they were trying to get muographs of the structure. It seems that the numerous books written by Zahi are being challenged by modern Archeologists/Geologists..
@@dead0404 Wether he's a thief or not, I do not regard as important... he's telling a lot of bullshit to attract tourism and deliberately holds back investigations/excavations into many, many spots coz he's scared to death that the researchers find something that crashes all his bullshit story to the ground. On top of that, Hawas is happy to proclaim many 'finds' as his own. The coffin at the depth of the Osiris shaft was discovered by journalists, of course when he found out about it he pushed the journalists out to proclaim he had found it... as he had done to the Osiris shaft in general which no, it was already known and excavated some 80 years before him. You see this time and time again with Zahi Hawas, when archeologists find something; he's right there to proclaim he found it rather then the actual archeologists... as for that other guy; Mark Lehner.... to say he's very knowledgeable about anything Egypt is quite the overstatement. He went there with cash from the Edgar Case foundation lured by an archive underneath the Sphinx; that later after he hoarded all that money from that foundation turn his back on them to join the Zahi Hawas scam.... the 2 are usually referenced by MSM bs media with some reputation like the BBC documentaries as being experts... but they are as much as an expert as a kid playing in the sandbox imagining their own stories. What they use as source of 'science' is merely infantile like interpretation of 'who-ever graffitied on this statue the first or can be referenced in the graffiti by approximation, that's who build it'... regardless of the glyphs being of a much inferior quality then the actual statue they are always on; so my sarcastic 'graffiti' is not without merit. so I'm not putting that much faith in any of them to explain Egypt just coz they can now read some glyphs thanks to the rosetta stone, which wasn't even done by them, but by the French/English Egyptologists of 2 centuries before them btw.
At this point I can quote the intro to your videos exactly along with you lol. I still go back and watch your older stuff when I'm waiting for a new upload. Best ancient egypt content on the web IMO. Keep up the great work!
The thing that struck me about that written account, is that he says the vandals' intent was to destroy the pyramid. I would have thought they were after something in particular. Also the shape of the damage doesn't seem to suggest a goal of total destruction. It looks like they were trying to get into the center.
Something I found odd about that story is that they pulled the bricks out of the sands and brought them way up some mountain and dismantled them, that sounds harder then pulling the bricks off of the pyramid
I would love a whistle-stop overview of all the pyramids' tunnels and rooms, and the evolution of their design, construction methods and uses as they were built. Including perhaps a short chronological tour of the discoveries / excavations of them that occurred over history. I imagine for you this might seem quite basic, but for a "casual viewer" like me coming into this topic as an interest, getting a higher level, holistic overview would be quite illuminating on the subject as a whole.
allowing 5ton stones + to just tumble down the side of the pyramid, you would see definitive damage do the lowest levels as the force of the stones would near velocity. Yet Menkaure's casing stones appear intact. This would show that the stones were broken down into smaller manageable pieces and they went down.
Most likely a few fell and rolled down out of control, work place accidents. But yeah it's clear it was a controlled exploration. Also why haul the bits off to be dumped? Why dig the large stones out from the sand to break them apart? Goal is to destroy not total remove that can easily be done. Plus those small bits could be used for other building needs. Doesn't make sense int he story that was told.
Ask your self, if you were tasked with the demolition, would you stand ontop of a giant mound of blocks and just hack away? Or would you methodically take it apart without killing yourself and anyone else? The task was to big, they gave up. I'd used sledge hammers, break each block and carry the waste down.
And it looks to me, that they were no concerned so much with the structures them selves. The waste alone would be massive they just wanted to destroy their symbolic nature. They removed all the beauty and left a pile of rocks. Cuñts.
In older sketches and Napoleonic drawings that area is buried under sand. Don't know if that would protect it from bowling for quatloos with the removed stones.
Is this original content? Only 53 subscribers is criminal. Really good quality content. I'm sure you will grow very quickly if you keep it up. Love your style!
I'm not an expert but it seems to me that Zahi Hawass has been an obstacle to knowledge for many years. Why? I tend towards the principle of 'follow the money'...
Considering the theory that it took an earthquake capable of leveling Cairo to dislodge some of the stones for them to take I'd say that sounds accurate.
Just by looking right away I thought it was someone looking for treasure. If you wanted to destroy the pyramid like mentioned you start at the top. This also goes to show how dang tough it was to build those pyramids when someone hundreds of years later with better tools had a hard time tearing it down.....it is always easier to destroy than build!
It's clearly a "DIG" into the pyramid at a specific height. Treasure of course! The blocks may fall right on the head of anyone below. They removed the top blocks to get to the desired level and then deep horizontally. But the wall was crumbling or the work too hard and they stopped.
@@anymaru yes very true lol.....let me say it differently.....according to recognized.....ummm....cough cough....experts Ancient Egyptians had primitive tools lol
You are one of the best secondary resources I have found on TH-cam as far as pure information is concerned. I really appreciate your attention to detail and how you completely sidestep the hyperbole associated with a large number of the topics you cover.
Came here from Ancient Arquitecs, and I am very pleased and Impressed with the channel. Just a exquisite and brutally objective presentation. Subscribed!
Nice video, I think you're spot on. They were definitely tomb robbing. If they'd spent the same amount of time working from the top down to 'destroy' the pyramid, the top third wouldn't be there now! I think all the pyramids still have plenty of secrets to give up yet. I doubt it's an undiscovered treasure room but who knows?
I never held hawass in very high regard, he seems agenda driven to me. What always disturbed me the most is how such great and wonderful architecture was allowed to fall into disrepair. That to me gives the earth falling into catastrophic disasters much credit. It's the 7th wonder of the world for Christ sake ! No one would have just left it.
Regime changes, famine, natural disasters, plagues, socialist experiments gone wrong, government corruption, government running out of money.... Any number of reasons why pyramid upkeep wasn't a top priority at many moments in time through the millenia
If you control the past, you control the future. There is a reason they will fanatically defend it was built by the Egyptians. There's alot of reasons but the biggest one which might not even be a thing hawass is aware of, is the reason that if you control the past you control the future. The real powers that be, do not want it revealed to the masses of earth that there was a prior great civilization before the one we currently reside in. They do not want us to know that.
No one ever knew it would now in current times be considered as the 8th wonder of the world. It was just a mass of stone blocks that had been there for centuries. The pyramids were not allowed to fall into disrepair, the outer blocks were intentionally removed for new construction projects elsewhere.
Seems to me that someone "agenda driven" would say something more like "there's more to learn about ancient Egypt from the pyramid stones than most mainstream academics would want you to believe."
I am in awe of all the megalithic stone work around the globe, especially Egypt and Peru, I appreciate your rational reasoning about things that are recorded and accepted as fact, when we know much history is "written by victors" in an always complimentary fashion.
Pulleys and counter weights - they were for bull mummies as the Serapeum was built during a period of sacred bull worship cult in Egypt. As for finishing them ask any serious stone mason who doesn't exclusively use power tools - it is possible, just time consuming. The boxes are large so they each probably had several artisans working on them at the same time and likely no more than 2 were being worked on at once.
@@mnomadvfx what, pulleys and counterweights to move a block that’s over 70 tonnes ? And in a very narrow confined space, that’s not possible. If it is possible I’d really love to see an example of it being done
@@mnomadvfx The bulls is just a theory. A lot of what people like guides tell is just speculation. Just like the pyramids in Gaza being tombs is just a theory. There is no solid evidence.
The irony to me is that from my perspective, the real treasures of Egypt are the pyramids, statues, and other ancient structures...And the Egyptians have historically, been very poor care takers of these marvels. So much has been lost.
The Egyptian Granite statues are my favorite thing the detail and quality of craftsmanship is amazing. The treasures and especially the wood carvings and the furniture in King Tut's burial chamber are so impressive it takes me back to living everyday life there in a way.
You should play or watch the game Assasins Creed Origins. They did a nice job recreating the architecture of dynastic Egypt and it kinda feels like you are there.
Fascinating stuff and great links to the info at the Internet Archive. The breach however also poses another puzzle. Whilst there's some evidence for an internal ramp being used to construct the Great pyramid here we have a similar construction at Menkaure essentially cross sectioned revealing nothing but solid masonry.
I have ended up assuming the size of monuments/tombs had to do with the age of the pharoah when started, the support/popularity/power of the pharoah, and the concurrent financial prosperity of the nation. There were pharoahs who didn't get anything at all. They were lucky to get a nice underground tomb built instead of something quickly excavated or being stuck in a used tomb. So really, even having a smaller pyramid or temple was a big achievement for a pharoah. As for Zahi Hawass, he's been pfft in my books for years. When it became clear 1) he was an attention hound who made an appearance in almost every single show on ancient Egypt, and 2) was the sole arbiter on what was allowed in Egyptian archeology, and what conclusions were allowed...his grandiose narcissism turned me off and made me question anything he insisted was a fact. The strongman dictator of Egyptology. He's actually damaged the study of ancient Egypt, I think. He made things more inconclusive than they would have been without him because he's asserted things are settled and absolute when they aren't, and waved off questions or other conclusions he doesn't like. Thank god he's out. My personal bugbear is the Sphynx. I don't think there are fabulous underground chambers or anything like that, but I don't think it was originally sculpted the way it is now, as Zahi insists. Why? The head of the sphynx is minuscule compared to the body. Absurdly, laughably, small. The head had to be carved out of something else...claimed by a pharoah and reworked. (Egyptian pharoahs did that a frequently -- "It's mine now") If the whole thing was original, the body would have been sculpted so the head was proportional. They were master stoneworkers even early on. Then the question becomes how old the body of the sphynx is, but Zahi blackballed anyone who tried to find out or explain why. 'A pharoah had it made just the way it is, end of story.' Because he's so insistent, I think he believes (like I do) it's pre-Egyptian. That didn't fit his nationalistic narrative though, so that's that. Now to find out he said there was literal treasure still hidden in the pyramids, and yet he didn't do much (or anything) to find it...sigh. "Just believe me. I'm the authority. It's there." SMH
Just because the Great Sphinx's head is too small for the body (it is) doesn't mean that it was made by some civilization that pre-dated the Egyptians. The limestone is made of layers, and the head is softer limestone than most of the body. It wears faster than the body does. I agree with Matt at Ancient Architects that the Sphinx started out being carved as something else in early Egyptian dynasties, and at some point later another pharaoh restored it and carved his head into it. Maybe Thutmose IV, who wrote an account of digging it out of the sand and restoring it.
I see some notches protruding from Menkaure's casing stones. They look somewhat alike to the what is visible in polygonal walls in Cuzco, Peru. What accounts for those knobs? If you could try to deal with that in the next videos. Thank you for these high quality videos!!
Please do a video on that little odd notch on the northeast edge of the Great Pyramid. Also, how does Houdin's theory account for the top layers of pyramid construction where there's obviously no room for internal ramps?
The size of the stone blocks decreases the further up the pyramid you go, so it's not impossible that the very top layers of stone were simply hauled up to a scaffolding platform for the final phase of construction. Further towards the top the perimeter would be short enough that you could anchor a wooden scaffold platform with a series of ropes of limited length as long as the ropes were strong enough to withstand the weight of the blocks being lifted and the workers moving them, and probably with some kind of soft cushion at the 4 corners which would likely bite into a rope with weight leaning on it for any significant length of time.
I have always believed that Hawass was always out for himself, and furthering his reputation and bank account, rather than exploring the truth. No evidence just a feeling. I find your take on the history of the pyramids very interesting and more believable than what is found in the history books and spouted by contemporary historians.
10:30 I believe that Mr. Hawass' intents were to keep the highest interest on his quest and deeds, rather than trying to find treasures or revealing Khufu's secrets
I appreciate your take on the Great Pyramids. When I became interested in the study of the Pyramids (purely just curiosity and not a scholarly interest), and learned some of what Zahi Hawass was saying, it was obvious to me he has an extreme self promoting interest. An example is in the title of the book "The Definitive History", as if to say "this is how it is and you are a fool to dare to challenge me". In watching his interviews, he does not want to be challenged with an alternative story of the history. For example, in how he believes the obelisks are tooled and created.
The existence of the notch is only one element to that theory. There was pre existing evidence through a gravimetric scan in the 80s that showed a spiral shaped anomaly running along the exterior of the pyramid - this anomaly matched up to the position of the notch and led Houdin to believe the either the ramp or the now backfilled area that was the ramp is behind the interior blocks seen within the notch. Much more likely is that if the ramp is existed that it was backfilled with assorted construction rubble and sand - this would explain the density anomaly seen on the gravimetric scan and why it did not simply cave in after so long - even with that you can still see an outline of the ramp in the topology of the pyramid, like a deformation in the stone work you would not expect to see if the area behind was solid or mostly solid stone.
@@mnomadvfx Building the ramp would be as big a project as building the pyramid. And once you get closer to the top theres no room left for the hundreds of men to move to get the blocks into place. Weve got to get one into place every two minutes so there hundreds and hunderds of men on the way up and theres hundreds of men on the way down. These are your strongest best men, not fighting or farming, but spending all their days slaving away on these rocks.
@@bobkozalov8821 Yes, they probably used one method to lay the lower courses and another method to lay the upper courses. Maybe they used levers at the top like Herodotus was told.
I know the 'chamber' method is mooted for this scale of construction, where intentional voids were left simply to lessen the workload where such a void could replace stones that didn't actually need to be there. But when visiting Giza and surrounding sub-surface structures one thing struck me above all else, and still does when I view the opening of newly found deep tombs. There is always - and I do mean always - a distinct lack of soot staining to walls and overheads where one assumes detailed graphical illustrations of some pretty stunning colours would need good illumination for the artists and stonemasons, and illumination that would need to be there for an awful long time. I understand such colossal structures as pyramids and their chambers can be built course-by-course, but again one assumes that once a passage was topped-off it would then need to be entered - however regularly - with oil lamp illumination. Modern restoration may well see some of this soot staining being removed, but as I say, I look for it in all newly found tombs and voids with long passageways and it never seems to be there!
Funny you mention that since there was recent work done at the Temple of Hathor in Dendera (a few years back but still) where they found incredibly ornate work on the ceiling by, get this, "removing years upon years of soot from the ceiling."
Stone inside tombs flakes off because of salt build-up. This is a major problem in trying to preserve tombs in The Valley Of The Kings. There is a written account by early explorers of the salt on the roof of the Queen's Chamber of the Great Pyramid. This also explains why there are no hieroglyphs found on the interior stone. Remember that the pyramids are 4,500 years old.
An olive oil lamp (made of pure olive oil, not in a modern vegetable oil blend) doesn't produce much soot. Other kinds of oils and animal fats, and candles made of beeswax, do produce a fair amount of soot. Olive oil lamps are also fairly bright, and simple reflectors like bowls of water or shiny metal can increase or focus the light for a better work area. The Egyptians sometimes made their olive oil lamps out of alabaster, which was translucent and scattered even more light. Apparently there are work records listing the amount of oil and fat used for lamps when constructing later Egyptian tombs. They gave the artists olive oil.
You know the general scientific consensus is that our entire civilization would be reduced to dust in only 1,000 years, if we were to stop up keeping it tomorrow. If that is what's left of the plateau after between 5000 and 10000 years, think of what it it looked like when it was originally built, and during its heyday. That Giza Plateau would have been a vast intricate Metropolis, not any less complex then New York City.
Except the presence of intact Roman buildings flags your “general scientific consensus” as bullshit. A lot of modern buildings do however have a design life due to the presence of carbon steel structural components. Carbon steel has a life of between fifty and one hundred years due to accelerated corrosion caused by the simple presence of carbon in the alloy.
@@daos3300 that could be wrong. Remember none of us were around back so we truly know nothing of the true number of humans. Am I saying what OP said? Naaahhhh but I like to be a middle of the road guy. An estimate of 5-10 million is really just a guess
@@TheAverageGamer1 it's not a guess, it's a pretty accurate calculation. you don't have to 'be around' to be able to make good estimations about the past. hear that kind of misplaced 'reasoning' a lot. 'middle of the road' is also called argument to moderation, it's a classic fallacy.
The thing making the deepest impression on me personally, is how so not perfect the blocks seem to be shaped....the casing stones would obscure it all ofcourse....and the important sections like galeries and chambers are more precisely done.....but those images from close-up....it makes it so more humanly done....immensely impressive all the same....
Great videos! Instant fan here. I've been fascinated by the pyramids for 30 years now. I agree 100% that the stone holds the only accurate, verifiable clues. Stone doesn't accidentally become cut and placed. It's clear that most Egyptologists have never worked in construction or carpentry, let alone stone work, lol. Keep making these!
Haha imagine thinking only one 4 degree angled exterior ramp or one ramp in general was used to haul 2.3 million 2.5 ton limestone blocks on sleds and rollers upward 481’. Talk about eliminating your manpower advantage. I’ve got a crazy idea. Maybe since you can design ramps, you’d build as many as possible, work them simultaneously, and just haul the blocks up steeper inset ramps, use some as chutes for construction debris, and then fill them in when you’re done with them.
Hello fellow fans of all things Egyptian!! I just stumbled upon this channel and happily so!! Subscribed as soon as the first video I watched was over.
The sands also covered up the base of the Giza pyramids in various degrees throughout the ages. We see some sketches of the sand going up to the face of the Sphinx, so what does that tell you?
Just found your channel, and I absolutely love your attitude and perspective. As always, it's harder than it should be to find people who think for themselves, but are also completely serious and worth listening to. First thing that came to mind for me is that Islam wouldn't have a reason to destroy the pyramids, as their problem is with representational art, not abstract geometric shapes. Always possible a fanatic doesn't understand their own ostensible ideology of course, but worth mentioning.
I wish I understood or could see the "layers" of construction better. On an opening like this one I wish I could see the sides of the opening much clearer, with analysis. Also, I’m also looking for the "hidden" spaces and "connections" to the "cosmic, prehistory oceans." That ocean that the first land rises out of. This archetype is of real interest to me, in my own work .. Thank you for your work.
You should check out French architect Jean-Pierre Houdin's inner ramp theory it's explains the construction process better than anyone else. th-cam.com/video/f4EcSnYBOAE/w-d-xo.html
There is a common mistake that is being repeated in historical narrations and it’s calling “The one thousand and one night” Arabian. If you read just one page of this book, you will find out that names and places named in the book are all Persian. The main copy of this book was destroyed during Muslims attack to Iran and it was written again in Arabic when the Persian languages was forbidden for Iranians for 200 years. That’s why many ordinary people make this mistake but it’s really shameful for an academic to make this mistake.
Two thinks catch my attention as I look at at north side of the structure. 1) As compared with the other two pyramids nearby, the outer edges of the tiers of stone are very irregular in shape; not at all like the fairly straight lines of the stones alignment in the other two. We're they laid that way and if so, then there must not have been any thought of covering the sides with casing blocks as nothing would line up. 2) The vertical scar starts rather low on the side and rises fairly high and is significantly deep. My point is that I would expect that while this structure is smaller than the other two, it is still large, and I would think the same techniques were used to construct it with refinements due to gained experience on the others. That being said it is brought to my mind that one of the methods suggested of building the structure was to run a inclined working path around the outside or inside of the structure and back-fill it from the top down upon completion at the top. If that were the case would one not see evidence of that crossing the vertical scar somewhere along it's height?
What struck me the most was the mentioning of the enormous efforts to REMOVE one or two blocks in comparison with the mainstream view on how many were PLACED every day during its construction (one every six 6 minutes or so).
I've been very intrigued by the corner collapse high up on the corner of the Great Pyramid that was superficially explored in the documentary of the Frenchman's theory about the pyramid having an internal ramp.
Thanks for your work HFG, I'd really appreciate an exploration of the design principles behind the Grand Gallery, surely the least understood structure in the pyramid age?
And has a very interesting section of the ceiling of the Grand Gallery where the stone is broken and scorched. Because this is a machine they sometimes break. This was the result of a pressurized Hydrogen explosion. We really have to take a second and third look at his question haunting the ages.
I agree. There are so many stories about ancient times that simply do not make sense. Personally, I think they are trying too hard to offer up grandiose explanations. Taking a more practical approach, as you did, seems to fill in the blanks for a far more "makes sense" explanation. Great video!
Interesting, however from what i have learned, they were yes looking for treasures, but also stripped the pyramids outside blocks and used them to build up walls and a Mosque nearby. This is the first time i have heard of someone claiming they wanted to destroy them. Starting at the top would be the easiest for full deconstruction, but they seemed more interested in the inside
Maybe they were were removing one side in hopes of it collapsing in on it's self, this would scatter all of the top half of the pyramid on the ground. If you started at the top there is very limited room for a large amount of people to work, without massive amounts of very long ropes to help pull from below. The problem with this is the large amount of your workforce is below these huge falling stones. If you "caved" into one side , you could collapse it. This would have 2 benefits, 1 this would scatter the stones and make them alot easier to get to them for transport. 2nd as the top blocks fell they would hopefully shift the lower stones enough to make small gaps in between the perfect seams the blocks have, so you wouldn't have to try to use wedges to get them apart.
Hey bud I love all your videos. Probably my favorite ancient Egyptian content ever. Now my humble request from you would be a video about the type of building stones used. I know a lot of it was limestone and some granite but I herd you mention that different type of limestone was used. I'm also interested in the composition of the mortar and were the timber was harvest from. In short I'm curious to know about all the construction materials found in the pyramids. Thank you for reading this and I hope you can get the support to investigate and put out more content.
Very important questions indeed. Yes, let’s let some very smart people who are interested in truth and technology, not riches nor personal gain. It’s critical to know the exact chemical compounds of every stone within the entire machine. There are significant tunnels and chambers beneath these machines that are also critical components of the process. The Aswan Granite is particularly conductive and was the main source of the piezoelectric current flowing somewhere. Even the local limestone used inside the machine was also conductive. But the Tura Limestone Cover Stones are Non-Conducting. Wouldn’t want to fry the locals just by touching the machine.
Very interesting and nicely put-together video. Thanks. It is interesting that the stones inside the excavation area appear well-dressed and are built in courses just as on the outside. There is a theory that the Great Pyramids are basically shells and filled largely with rubble and ill-fitting stones, making their construction somewhat less of a challenger. That does not appear to be the case in the Menkaure pyramid at least.
I find it amazing that the builders made the covered body of the pyramid also with blocks, they had to cut and transport everything, sometimes from far away like the granite. They had a large surplus of resources. They were extremely rich and powerful. That's why all the time everybody imagines that there must be big treasures inside. But in reality only small rooms have been discovered and they probably hadn't much things inside.
I have always thought that the so called light bulbs in one carving is a depiction of a large saw. Handled by giants like a stone cutting chain saw but using a water jet blade. Just my thoughts
I never understood the confusion about the dendere lights... there's literally hieroglyphics on the reliefs which describe the story of the figures depicted.
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well since you asked me to write my thoughts i will... 2:39 "red pyramid" ... why? It never had casing? Great videos by the way, loved them, this takes a lot of effort to make. Thank you.
The question isn't whether "its better to be found a fool than a thief," the question would be is it better to be seen as impotent, than a thief? And a sultan would always rather be viewed as a thief, then view impotent. So telling the tale of the Sultan's inability to teardown a pyramid, being in effort to hide the fact that he was trying to plunder loot, is absolutely wrong. No sultan is going to approve a story that specifically makes him look unable to finish a task he has endeavored to complete, as propaganda is specifically intended to make one book powerful, and capable of anything.
Wow, amazing video. What a great job telling an opinion of the pyramid. No bs just facts and any options were outright given beforehand. I love geologists, nothing but facts and no biases. Great job.
I understand that these structures were originally tipped with a metal shield of electrum. Is this true? How do we know? If true is there any knowledge of what these caps looked like? Were they polished or engraved or ? Thank you for your video. New subscriber here.
What do you think of the theory that the "trial passages" are a map telling us that there is an upper chamber in Khufu's pyramid, and where the entrance to it is located?
Brien Foerster has repeatedly argued that anybody attempting to dismantle a pyramid would start at the bottom, but never provides any reasoning to support that belief. That idea has always struck me as defying common sense, for precisely the reasons you give.
I clicked on this with a sense of trepidation and skepticism . How refreshing to find out this was NOT a Brien Foerster type, racist ancient astronaut BS vid. Thank you for your logically based insight and respect of my great forebearers’ culture and heritage . Subscribed!
@@susannebrunberg4174 Attributing construction of megalithic structures to other “non primitives” who had possession of unknown “advanced technology” ,eg ,Atlanteans or ancient aliens, rather than the autochthonous people of that region is not only unfounded but demeaning and indeed racist nonsense ! The term “primitive” is a racist dog whistle.
Here's another person who questions the official narrative about the pyramids but believes the official narrative about racism. Anytime the 2 sanctioned sides of govt in the West agree on anything it doesn't mean it's true, it means it's twice as fake as usual. You want some real hidden knowledge? Explain the enter-raycial (misspelling intentional since this is censored and alternate history is not; which is more hidden?) crime stats where the most "oppressed" people hurt the most "privileged" 500% and higher.
@@justinkennedy3004 Hey buddy Science is Real. But you’re free to stick to QAnon and your racist beliefs, not misspelled intentionally. BTW, officially and scientifically Egyptians are white. From US Census Bureau [White: The category “White” includes all individuals who identify with one or more nationalities or ethnic groups originating in Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. Examples of these groups include, but are not limited to, German, Irish, English, Italian, Lebanese, Egyptian, Polish, French, Iranian, Slavic, Cajun, and Chaldean. Black or African American: The category “Black or African American” includes all individuals who identify with one or more nationalities or ethnic groups originating in any of the black racial groups of Africa. Examples of these groups include, but are not limited to, African American, Jamaican, Haitian, Nigerian, Ethiopian, and Somali. The category also includes groups such as Ghanaian, South African, Barbadian, Kenyan, Liberian, and Bahamian.]
@@justinkennedy3004 I agree with you on everything except the comment about colored peoples committing more crimes.. I’m assuming you’re an adult so by now you should know that people are a product of their environment not their skin color. I grew up poor and there were white & minorities committing crimes because everyone was poor and in that environment. There were also white and minorities who stayed away from all that and tried to live a good life despite circumstance
While not so romantic and enticing there is something very satisfying about the truth of the matter. However there is many things we will probably never know about the pyramids, which is more than enough to have our imaginations run wild. Thank you for posting this knowledge is power and you are powerful.
What was stolen and hidden from mankind from the walls of the grand gallery. I'm speaking of the U shaped brackets that were installed upon the walls of the grand Pyramid by the original builders which all of these U shaped brackets which are almost identical to the U shaped brackets holding up almost every mirror in almost every bathroom across planet earth. 😳 Anyone installing these brackets is because they are needed to hold up the 🍽 plates upon the walls. When the metal books or plates were taken the brackets were just left in the wall and I find it puzzling nobody ever mentions or asks what the U shaped brackets were for.. So I will. What were the U shaped brackets on the walls of the grand gallery holding up in Kufus Pyramid ?
very interesting how the three sattellite pyramids are clearly based and build as stacked mastabas still. It's hard for me to figure they would use a different technique on something larger. Then again every layer may just be another mastaba to their logic. But once they get higher i can only assume they would adjust sizing somewhat. It's what makes the grand gallery so interesting as a transport. Because it's inside the pyramid a ramp is much easier to construct towards the entry point, there's options to hoist things mechanically over a less steep angle. That the grand gallery has another gallery on top is even more spellbinding.
I do have a favorite stone you should look at in the Great Pyramid! Have you seen the National Geographic on the French Architect who believes in the Kings Chamber there is a door made up of three stones that could be removed? Take a look if you can.
I saw a video on the pyramid with a chunk missing from a corner, 2 thirds of the way up. An Egyptologist was granted permission to climb up to it and photograph it all. He found a void behind it but the video didn’t go into detail about it. It was with a French architect and an American Egyptologist. I would love to see a video of your thoughts on this.
Jean Pierre Houdin was the French architect name and his theory is by far the best one that explains everything and stands up to scrutiny. Zarwahes belief that there's more undiscovered chambers in the great pyramid In willing to bet comes from Jean Pierre Houdin newest theory of 2 hidden ante chambers.
Great video 👍 I have always wanted to know more about the metal brackets in the masonry of the Grand Gallery, from my understanding they are a repair to stop further degradation, but by who? And what damage were they trying to stop from happening with those little brackets? It's never made sense to me considering the size of those stones? Looking forward to more vids in the future, thanks
French architect Jean-Pierre Houdin theory of an internal ramp construction and the grand galley being part of a counter weight system to pull the 60 ton granite blocks is by far the best theory and as far I'm concerned this is exactly how the pyramids we're built. See for yourself th-cam.com/video/f4EcSnYBOAE/w-d-xo.html
Def dont dismantle from the top. Pyramids have similar layouts. So go in where the goodies are in other pyramids. Most the goodies are below ground level so odd they went in that high up.
Thanks for watching! I do have a video for the smaller ‘north face corridor’ void in the works, but the ‘Big Void’ might have to wait for more data. It’s a lot of speculation until they can nail down if the space is flat or inclined, among other difficulties.
A thought from me for a while now is was that void area above the Grand Gallery the area that the 100 or more men stood controlling the rope tension during the construction of the Kings Chamber as shown in Jean Pierre Houdin 2011 theory.
There is one major advantage to being color blind - when you posed the question as to which tier did the change in stone take place I had already decided from what I saw was an obvious, but not to color normal people, change in density of color at that level due to the change in stone used. I do enjoy your analysis discussion but as in all endeavours it takes a lot of effort to change the course of a large ship, so to speak, due to past pride of ownership of ideas and theories.
Zahi Hawass is often mistaken for being a Christian because of his name, even though he is a Muslim. So Muslims see the ancient Egyptian monuments as blasphemy, sacrilege. They conquered Egypt in 641 and continuously started to destroy especially statues. Later they realized that the whole world wants to see all these monuments and they can make a huge business with tourism. So everything that is done there is to attract tourists.
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I have seen thousands of videos on youtube about Egypt, its culture, its pyramids, etc. but this video, and its aerial images, those unusual perspectives, are A WORK OF ART. CONGRATULATIONS to you for making such great material for us pyramid fans.
Thank you for the kind words!
I couldn't agree more. Absolutely fantastic content and presentation. Be sure to check his other videos on ancient Egypt. Very unique and rare info to be sure.
@@louiscypher7090 oh work of a lifetime. wish he could take "breaks" out to india, that siberian wall,, the andes...
Thousands?
@@HistoryforGRANITE It was not about dismantling the pyramid! TRANSLATIONS! it was about digging in and finding the gold!
No need to pointlessly remove the top half of the pyramid!
They where digging for the tunnels!
WOW you complain about people believing a written account but then you make up a baseless fairy tale about it being an elaborate scheme to swindle! WITH NO EVIDENCE AT ALL!
YOU GET THE IRONY RIGHT?
hawass has always been an "attention grabber". "look at me and be amazed at what I think I know!"
Once again, you have made a wonderful presentation! Thank you and hope to see many more!
I also think Hawaas owns a private tour business; I've seen some of the published ads in magazines. He has every incentive to promote mystery and hidden treasure,
Yup. His silly hat was always a clue.
Zahi Hawass is like if Indiana Jones had a teleporter accident with Donald Trump, he's a fraud and a narcissist and a despicable scumbag and I also blame our cheap, shitty "popular science" media for allowing him to strut around
His business is tourism . . . for himself and for Egypt
The gash exists. We can all see it. What's the hoax?
Honestly wouldn't believe anything that came out of Hawass's mouth.
exactly
It is also amazing how stupid his hypothesis are even to simple person like me. He is an egomaniac without a clue
They are definitely hiding stuff because they make a ton of money off of tourism. When people stop coming they will magically find another passage. Just like how they are dragging their feet with the hidden camber they found with LIDAR. They gave some weak reason why they didn't check it out right away.
He’s just doing what he’s told. The world isn’t ready to see what the real history of the world is. It’d be mass panic for no reason.
In fact believe the opposite..He often denies something dosen't exist and then takes credit later for a discovery and then the discovery itself is sketchy...
Zahi hawass is a crook. Unthinkable the damage he's done and continues to do behind closed doors.
Imagine how much hes sold off for personal gain. Im gonna check his Net worth
Edit - Says hesnonly worth 2 mill....but i think thats innacuratre.
@@yoda-e5w Definitely has been squirreling away far more than that from ill gotten gains. There's a reason he wont let anyone with actual merit get near the pyramids.
proof thought not
@driveboy317 I mean, it's pretty obvious if you have even one brain cell. The secrecy and denial of any credible research alone is enough to make anyone wonder what he's hiding. Im curious what proof you have that he's been forthcoming with his findings??
@@driveboy317 Brain? I guess not.
Do you know what "behind closed doors" means as a saying? It can mean "out of sight of the public" but it can also be used more generally to mean "but there is no hard proof of such happening".
I do think you're right on, it makes sense. For me, the mention of the sound of the tumbling blocks down the face of the pyramid says to me at least someone was actually there. Embedding into the sand, yes. But the person who witnessed this was(in my opinion) never above or on the top as the blocks fell. Over a ton and the friction/hits from the falling rock creates a distinct burning smell that generally wafts up the cliff face or pyramid face etc.. I was part of team tasked with knocking granite boulders off cliffs etc that were expected/deemed to fall soon. Hiking trails/road would be closed and pretty much using only scissor and little bottle jacks, we would tip multi ton boulders down. The boulder would disappear into the forest but the trees would shake or just vanish as it tumbled. The sound, the feel in the ground and the burning smell.. Incredible. It was powerful.
I'm happy for the internet, so I can hear personal accounts like this. Very interesting and cool.
As kids we always searched for boulders on hill sides and rock sides then used digging bars to make them roll down. Some were several tonnes and took hours to tip. One we dumped in a lake seeing it make a crater all the way to the bottom several meters down was fantastic as a teen.
@@hnorrstrom Yes!! Incredible! Dropping something like that into water, I never had the pleasure but I can imagine the splash! FOOM!! Envious. Thank you for sharing.. that's the power of the mind right there. Thank you again for sharing.
Wow
@Michael Mahogany speaking of hoaxes
The real gem of Menkaure’s pyramid is the remaining layer of GRANITE casing stones at its base. It is a one of a kind gift… to have such an exquisite layer of artifacts somehow not completely stripped away by extreme time and outside influences. Thus, leaving wonderfully intact puzzle pieces that share global hallmarks of stone processing techniques.
i had no idea one of the great pyramids had that same signature stone casing, just like the megalithic sites in Peru, Japan, Easter Island, etc.
Can’t believe i’m just learning about these stones today
@@steviechampagne Some schools of thought offer that there were civilisations in the past destroyed by world-wide cataclysm/s. Some (on the face of it) come across as quite loopy, others ask questions that are almost impossible to answer without invoking "higher powers" (or similar). A Mister Graham Hancock quite shamelessly does so ... and makes excellent sense in so doing. Hancock famously labelled us as "a species with amnesia", and he might well be right.
I'd also heard this demolition theory and never gave it a second though, but now this explanation makes a lot more sense. Another excellent analysis as usual.
Been studying the Pyramids for many years, wanted to let you know I enjoyed your video, nice points were made. I wanted to add that Zahi is very controversial, the second time the robot climbed up the shaft the seal was broken pointing to corruption.. He also gave Japanese scientists a hard time while they were trying to get muographs of the structure. It seems that the numerous books written by Zahi are being challenged by modern Archeologists/Geologists..
@Michael Mahogany he hee !! no , we have the quarries .
@Michael Mahogany 100% wrong exterior of pyramids are in natural limestone i was there in 2020
That thief Zahi, always standing in a way of decoding pyramids with science... "I don't believe in radars"... Stupid protege of Mubaraks evil...
@@dead0404 Wether he's a thief or not, I do not regard as important... he's telling a lot of bullshit to attract tourism and deliberately holds back investigations/excavations into many, many spots coz he's scared to death that the researchers find something that crashes all his bullshit story to the ground. On top of that, Hawas is happy to proclaim many 'finds' as his own. The coffin at the depth of the Osiris shaft was discovered by journalists, of course when he found out about it he pushed the journalists out to proclaim he had found it... as he had done to the Osiris shaft in general which no, it was already known and excavated some 80 years before him. You see this time and time again with Zahi Hawas, when archeologists find something; he's right there to proclaim he found it rather then the actual archeologists... as for that other guy; Mark Lehner.... to say he's very knowledgeable about anything Egypt is quite the overstatement. He went there with cash from the Edgar Case foundation lured by an archive underneath the Sphinx; that later after he hoarded all that money from that foundation turn his back on them to join the Zahi Hawas scam.... the 2 are usually referenced by MSM bs media with some reputation like the BBC documentaries as being experts... but they are as much as an expert as a kid playing in the sandbox imagining their own stories. What they use as source of 'science' is merely infantile like interpretation of 'who-ever graffitied on this statue the first or can be referenced in the graffiti by approximation, that's who build it'... regardless of the glyphs being of a much inferior quality then the actual statue they are always on; so my sarcastic 'graffiti' is not without merit. so I'm not putting that much faith in any of them to explain Egypt just coz they can now read some glyphs thanks to the rosetta stone, which wasn't even done by them, but by the French/English Egyptologists of 2 centuries before them btw.
Glockenspiel
At this point I can quote the intro to your videos exactly along with you lol. I still go back and watch your older stuff when I'm waiting for a new upload. Best ancient egypt content on the web IMO. Keep up the great work!
It is so refreshing hearing someone talk about the pyramids without being full of bullshit.
The Great Pyramids were constructed in the 1800's. They weren't there in 1196.
@@ferocentaur13 lol
The thing that struck me about that written account, is that he says the vandals' intent was to destroy the pyramid. I would have thought they were after something in particular. Also the shape of the damage doesn't seem to suggest a goal of total destruction. It looks like they were trying to get into the center.
Something I found odd about that story is that they pulled the bricks out of the sands and brought them way up some mountain and dismantled them, that sounds harder then pulling the bricks off of the pyramid
your 2 videos so far make me very excited for more, keep it up! production is already top quality
I would love a whistle-stop overview of all the pyramids' tunnels and rooms, and the evolution of their design, construction methods and uses as they were built. Including perhaps a short chronological tour of the discoveries / excavations of them that occurred over history.
I imagine for you this might seem quite basic, but for a "casual viewer" like me coming into this topic as an interest, getting a higher level, holistic overview would be quite illuminating on the subject as a whole.
Look into Steven Myers' Great Pyramid water pump theory. He has books and videos here on TH-cam.
allowing 5ton stones + to just tumble down the side of the pyramid, you would see definitive damage do the lowest levels as the force of the stones would near velocity. Yet Menkaure's casing stones appear intact. This would show that the stones were broken down into smaller manageable pieces and they went down.
Most likely a few fell and rolled down out of control, work place accidents. But yeah it's clear it was a controlled exploration. Also why haul the bits off to be dumped? Why dig the large stones out from the sand to break them apart? Goal is to destroy not total remove that can easily be done. Plus those small bits could be used for other building needs. Doesn't make sense int he story that was told.
Ask your self, if you were tasked with the demolition, would you stand ontop of a giant mound of blocks and just hack away? Or would you methodically take it apart without killing yourself and anyone else? The task was to big, they gave up. I'd used sledge hammers, break each block and carry the waste down.
And it looks to me, that they were no concerned so much with the structures them selves. The waste alone would be massive they just wanted to destroy their symbolic nature. They removed all the beauty and left a pile of rocks. Cuñts.
In older sketches and Napoleonic drawings that area is buried under sand. Don't know if that would protect it from bowling for quatloos with the removed stones.
What if no attempted demolition ever took place?
I can't believe how excellent every video on this channel is!
Unlike the pyramids themselves there seems to be no filler!
I appreciate this!
Is this original content? Only 53 subscribers is criminal. Really good quality content. I'm sure you will grow very quickly if you keep it up. Love your style!
Yes all original, just getting started. Sharing it out is much appreciated!
Very interesting.
A month later he's almost at 5000 subscribes .. me being one of them 😁
@@413. And two years later he's on 200,000 :)
His voice reeks with contempt. He hates Egypt.
I'm not an expert but it seems to me that Zahi Hawass has been an obstacle to knowledge for many years. Why? I tend towards the principle of 'follow the money'...
Perhaps this demolition story is the origin of an Islamic proverb: "All men fear time, but time fears the pyramids."
Considering the theory that it took an earthquake capable of leveling Cairo to dislodge some of the stones for them to take I'd say that sounds accurate.
Just by looking right away I thought it was someone looking for treasure. If you wanted to destroy the pyramid like mentioned you start at the top. This also goes to show how dang tough it was to build those pyramids when someone hundreds of years later with better tools had a hard time tearing it down.....it is always easier to destroy than build!
It's clearly a "DIG" into the pyramid at a specific height. Treasure of course!
The blocks may fall right on the head of anyone below. They removed the top blocks to get to the desired level and then deep horizontally. But the wall was crumbling or the work too hard and they stopped.
@@MegaBIGJOE64 And they got deep enough to realize there was no Grand Gallery like in the Great Pyramid in this one.
What makes you think they had better tools. We still have no idea how the pyramids were built.
@@anymaru yes very true lol.....let me say it differently.....according to recognized.....ummm....cough cough....experts Ancient Egyptians had primitive tools lol
They clearly didn't drop the stones down the face of the pyramid. Other wise the damage to the Granite facing stones below would have been tremendous.
You are one of the best secondary resources I have found on TH-cam as far as pure information is concerned. I really appreciate your attention to detail and how you completely sidestep the hyperbole associated with a large number of the topics you cover.
Zahi is always lying about or hiding something.
He's brought a lot of attention to Egypt but he's also acquired an sold a lot of it's treasures.
I googled Abd al-Latif al-Baghdadi and reading his words from 1,000 years ago is magical!
Came here from Ancient Arquitecs, and I am very pleased and Impressed with the channel. Just a exquisite and brutally objective presentation. Subscribed!
Nice video, I think you're spot on. They were definitely tomb robbing. If they'd spent the same amount of time working from the top down to 'destroy' the pyramid, the top third wouldn't be there now!
I think all the pyramids still have plenty of secrets to give up yet. I doubt it's an undiscovered treasure room but who knows?
This channel is one, if not THE best source for ancient egyptian studies.
I never held hawass in very high regard, he seems agenda driven to me. What always disturbed me the most is how such great and wonderful architecture was allowed to fall into disrepair. That to me gives the earth falling into catastrophic disasters much credit. It's the 7th wonder of the world for Christ sake ! No one would have just left it.
Regime changes, famine, natural disasters, plagues, socialist experiments gone wrong, government corruption, government running out of money.... Any number of reasons why pyramid upkeep wasn't a top priority at many moments in time through the millenia
If you control the past, you control the future. There is a reason they will fanatically defend it was built by the Egyptians. There's alot of reasons but the biggest one which might not even be a thing hawass is aware of, is the reason that if you control the past you control the future. The real powers that be, do not want it revealed to the masses of earth that there was a prior great civilization before the one we currently reside in. They do not want us to know that.
No one ever knew it would now in current times be considered as the 8th wonder of the world. It was just a mass of stone blocks that had been there for centuries. The pyramids were not allowed to fall into disrepair, the outer blocks were intentionally removed for new construction projects elsewhere.
Seems to me that someone "agenda driven" would say something more like "there's more to learn about ancient Egypt from the pyramid stones than most mainstream academics would want you to believe."
Hawass is the worst thing that has ever happened to Egyptology.
I believe nothing Hawass says
Thats why you know nothing about ancient egypt
I am in awe of all the megalithic stone work around the globe, especially Egypt and Peru, I appreciate your rational reasoning about things that are recorded and accepted as fact, when we know much history is "written by victors" in an always complimentary fashion.
Check Baalbek .. the largest of them all
Finally someone with a normal voice I can listen to for hours:)
Great video. Please look into the huge stone boxes in the Serapeum of Saqqara. Still wondering how those were moved and finished.
Pulleys and counter weights - they were for bull mummies as the Serapeum was built during a period of sacred bull worship cult in Egypt.
As for finishing them ask any serious stone mason who doesn't exclusively use power tools - it is possible, just time consuming.
The boxes are large so they each probably had several artisans working on them at the same time and likely no more than 2 were being worked on at once.
@@mnomadvfx what, pulleys and counterweights to move a block that’s over 70 tonnes ? And in a very narrow confined space, that’s not possible. If it is possible I’d really love to see an example of it being done
@@mnomadvfx You know nothing
@@mnomadvfx The bulls is just a theory. A lot of what people like guides tell is just speculation. Just like the pyramids in Gaza being tombs is just a theory. There is no solid evidence.
The irony to me is that from my perspective, the real treasures of Egypt are the pyramids, statues, and other ancient structures...And the Egyptians have historically, been very poor care takers of these marvels. So much has been lost.
The Egyptian Granite statues are my favorite thing the detail and quality of craftsmanship is amazing. The treasures and especially the wood carvings and the furniture in King Tut's burial chamber are so impressive it takes me back to living everyday life there in a way.
You should play or watch the game Assasins Creed Origins. They did a nice job recreating the architecture of dynastic Egypt and it kinda feels like you are there.
Fascinating stuff and great links to the info at the Internet Archive. The breach however also poses another puzzle. Whilst there's some evidence for an internal ramp being used to construct the Great pyramid here we have a similar construction at Menkaure essentially cross sectioned revealing nothing but solid masonry.
I have ended up assuming the size of monuments/tombs had to do with the age of the pharoah when started, the support/popularity/power of the pharoah, and the concurrent financial prosperity of the nation. There were pharoahs who didn't get anything at all. They were lucky to get a nice underground tomb built instead of something quickly excavated or being stuck in a used tomb. So really, even having a smaller pyramid or temple was a big achievement for a pharoah.
As for Zahi Hawass, he's been pfft in my books for years. When it became clear 1) he was an attention hound who made an appearance in almost every single show on ancient Egypt, and 2) was the sole arbiter on what was allowed in Egyptian archeology, and what conclusions were allowed...his grandiose narcissism turned me off and made me question anything he insisted was a fact. The strongman dictator of Egyptology. He's actually damaged the study of ancient Egypt, I think. He made things more inconclusive than they would have been without him because he's asserted things are settled and absolute when they aren't, and waved off questions or other conclusions he doesn't like. Thank god he's out.
My personal bugbear is the Sphynx. I don't think there are fabulous underground chambers or anything like that, but I don't think it was originally sculpted the way it is now, as Zahi insists. Why? The head of the sphynx is minuscule compared to the body. Absurdly, laughably, small. The head had to be carved out of something else...claimed by a pharoah and reworked. (Egyptian pharoahs did that a frequently -- "It's mine now") If the whole thing was original, the body would have been sculpted so the head was proportional. They were master stoneworkers even early on. Then the question becomes how old the body of the sphynx is, but Zahi blackballed anyone who tried to find out or explain why. 'A pharoah had it made just the way it is, end of story.' Because he's so insistent, I think he believes (like I do) it's pre-Egyptian. That didn't fit his nationalistic narrative though, so that's that.
Now to find out he said there was literal treasure still hidden in the pyramids, and yet he didn't do much (or anything) to find it...sigh. "Just believe me. I'm the authority. It's there." SMH
I so agree with this comment! I've actually discounted theories based on Hawass endorsing it.
Just because the Great Sphinx's head is too small for the body (it is) doesn't mean that it was made by some civilization that pre-dated the Egyptians. The limestone is made of layers, and the head is softer limestone than most of the body. It wears faster than the body does. I agree with Matt at Ancient Architects that the Sphinx started out being carved as something else in early Egyptian dynasties, and at some point later another pharaoh restored it and carved his head into it. Maybe Thutmose IV, who wrote an account of digging it out of the sand and restoring it.
I see some notches protruding from Menkaure's casing stones. They look somewhat alike to the what is visible in polygonal walls in Cuzco, Peru. What accounts for those knobs? If you could try to deal with that in the next videos. Thank you for these high quality videos!!
Check out the channel bright insight. He talks about those knobs being found on ancient structures all over the world.
Please do a video on that little odd notch on the northeast edge of the Great Pyramid. Also, how does Houdin's theory account for the top layers of pyramid construction where there's obviously no room for internal ramps?
The size of the stone blocks decreases the further up the pyramid you go, so it's not impossible that the very top layers of stone were simply hauled up to a scaffolding platform for the final phase of construction.
Further towards the top the perimeter would be short enough that you could anchor a wooden scaffold platform with a series of ropes of limited length as long as the ropes were strong enough to withstand the weight of the blocks being lifted and the workers moving them, and probably with some kind of soft cushion at the 4 corners which would likely bite into a rope with weight leaning on it for any significant length of time.
I have always believed that Hawass was always out for himself, and furthering his reputation and bank account, rather than exploring the truth. No evidence just a feeling. I find your take on the history of the pyramids very interesting and more believable than what is found in the history books and spouted by contemporary historians.
10:30 I believe that Mr. Hawass' intents were to keep the highest interest on his quest and deeds, rather than trying to find treasures or revealing Khufu's secrets
I appreciate your take on the Great Pyramids. When I became interested in the study of the Pyramids (purely just curiosity and not a scholarly interest), and learned some of what Zahi Hawass was saying, it was obvious to me he has an extreme self promoting interest. An example is in the title of the book "The Definitive History", as if to say "this is how it is and you are a fool to dare to challenge me". In watching his interviews, he does not want to be challenged with an alternative story of the history. For example, in how he believes the obelisks are tooled and created.
Awesome videos! I've heard the "notch" on Khufu's pyramid may support an internal ramp theory and I'd love to hear your take.
The existence of the notch is only one element to that theory.
There was pre existing evidence through a gravimetric scan in the 80s that showed a spiral shaped anomaly running along the exterior of the pyramid - this anomaly matched up to the position of the notch and led Houdin to believe the either the ramp or the now backfilled area that was the ramp is behind the interior blocks seen within the notch.
Much more likely is that if the ramp is existed that it was backfilled with assorted construction rubble and sand - this would explain the density anomaly seen on the gravimetric scan and why it did not simply cave in after so long - even with that you can still see an outline of the ramp in the topology of the pyramid, like a deformation in the stone work you would not expect to see if the area behind was solid or mostly solid stone.
@@mnomadvfx Building the ramp would be as big a project as building the pyramid. And once you get closer to the top theres no room left for the hundreds of men to move to get the blocks into place. Weve got to get one into place every two minutes so there hundreds and hunderds of men on the way up and theres hundreds of men on the way down. These are your strongest best men, not fighting or farming, but spending all their days slaving away on these rocks.
@@srinathbrahmaji4330 There is no room at the top for hundreds of men no matter what theory of how it was done that you want to go with.
@@bobkozalov8821 Yes, they probably used one method to lay the lower courses and another method to lay the upper courses. Maybe they used levers at the top like Herodotus was told.
Great video ,I would like to see other pyramids investigated as we only ever hear about the main ones
I know the 'chamber' method is mooted for this scale of construction, where intentional voids were left simply to lessen the workload where such a void could replace stones that didn't actually need to be there. But when visiting Giza and surrounding sub-surface structures one thing struck me above all else, and still does when I view the opening of newly found deep tombs.
There is always - and I do mean always - a distinct lack of soot staining to walls and overheads where one assumes detailed graphical illustrations of some pretty stunning colours would need good illumination for the artists and stonemasons, and illumination that would need to be there for an awful long time.
I understand such colossal structures as pyramids and their chambers can be built course-by-course, but again one assumes that once a passage was topped-off it would then need to be entered - however regularly - with oil lamp illumination.
Modern restoration may well see some of this soot staining being removed, but as I say, I look for it in all newly found tombs and voids with long passageways and it never seems to be there!
Funny you mention that since there was recent work done at the Temple of Hathor in Dendera (a few years back but still) where they found incredibly ornate work on the ceiling by, get this, "removing years upon years of soot from the ceiling."
Stone inside tombs flakes off because of salt build-up. This is a major problem in trying to preserve tombs in The Valley Of The Kings. There is a written account by early explorers of the salt on the roof of the Queen's Chamber of the Great Pyramid. This also explains why there are no hieroglyphs found on the interior stone. Remember that the pyramids are 4,500 years old.
An olive oil lamp (made of pure olive oil, not in a modern vegetable oil blend) doesn't produce much soot. Other kinds of oils and animal fats, and candles made of beeswax, do produce a fair amount of soot. Olive oil lamps are also fairly bright, and simple reflectors like bowls of water or shiny metal can increase or focus the light for a better work area. The Egyptians sometimes made their olive oil lamps out of alabaster, which was translucent and scattered even more light.
Apparently there are work records listing the amount of oil and fat used for lamps when constructing later Egyptian tombs. They gave the artists olive oil.
I enjoyed this video quite a bit. Thanks for producing this story. I never heard it before.
You know the general scientific consensus is that our entire civilization would be reduced to dust in only 1,000 years, if we were to stop up keeping it tomorrow. If that is what's left of the plateau after between 5000 and 10000 years, think of what it it looked like when it was originally built, and during its heyday. That Giza Plateau would have been a vast intricate Metropolis, not any less complex then New York City.
Except the presence of intact Roman buildings flags your “general scientific consensus” as bullshit.
A lot of modern buildings do however have a design life due to the presence of carbon steel structural components.
Carbon steel has a life of between fifty and one hundred years due to accelerated corrosion caused by the simple presence of carbon in the alloy.
given that the estimate for the entire global population in 5000BC is around 5-10M, that seems highly unlikely.
@@daos3300 that could be wrong. Remember none of us were around back so we truly know nothing of the true number of humans. Am I saying what OP said? Naaahhhh but I like to be a middle of the road guy. An estimate of 5-10 million is really just a guess
@@TheAverageGamer1 it's not a guess, it's a pretty accurate calculation. you don't have to 'be around' to be able to make good estimations about the past. hear that kind of misplaced 'reasoning' a lot. 'middle of the road' is also called argument to moderation, it's a classic fallacy.
The thing making the deepest impression on me personally, is how so not perfect the blocks seem to be shaped....the casing stones would obscure it all ofcourse....and the important sections like galeries and chambers are more precisely done.....but those images from close-up....it makes it so more humanly done....immensely impressive all the same....
Great videos! Instant fan here. I've been fascinated by the pyramids for 30 years now. I agree 100% that the stone holds the only accurate, verifiable clues. Stone doesn't accidentally become cut and placed. It's clear that most Egyptologists have never worked in construction or carpentry, let alone stone work, lol. Keep making these!
Haha imagine thinking only one 4 degree angled exterior ramp or one ramp in general was used to haul 2.3 million 2.5 ton limestone blocks on sleds and rollers upward 481’. Talk about eliminating your manpower advantage. I’ve got a crazy idea. Maybe since you can design ramps, you’d build as many as possible, work them simultaneously, and just haul the blocks up steeper inset ramps, use some as chutes for construction debris, and then fill them in when you’re done with them.
Your channel is absolutely great - My youngest son is just now getting into Egyptian history and we watch the videos together. thank you!
This was a very special comment. I’m honored to be a part of your shared experience!
Hello fellow fans of all things Egyptian!! I just stumbled upon this channel and happily so!! Subscribed as soon as the first video I watched was over.
Same here
Same
افضل قناة متخصصه بالحضاره المصريه و افضل معلومات تجدها هنا بعيدا عن خزعبلات زاهي حواس
اشاهد الفيديو للمره الثانيه بعد اكثر من عام
Thank you kindly!
Another tale in Arabian nights says, they found bendable glas and metal machinery.
I've heard of them tales too, very intriguing indeed 🤔.
so glad to hear that Zahi Hawass is a problem from legit scholars and not just conspiracy folks.
The sands also covered up the base of the Giza pyramids in various degrees throughout the ages. We see some sketches of the sand going up to the face of the Sphinx, so what does that tell you?
Just found your channel, and I absolutely love your attitude and perspective. As always, it's harder than it should be to find people who think for themselves, but are also completely serious and worth listening to.
First thing that came to mind for me is that Islam wouldn't have a reason to destroy the pyramids, as their problem is with representational art, not abstract geometric shapes. Always possible a fanatic doesn't understand their own ostensible ideology of course, but worth mentioning.
I wish I understood or could see the "layers" of construction better. On an opening like this one I wish I could see the sides of the opening much clearer, with analysis. Also, I’m also looking for the "hidden" spaces and "connections" to the "cosmic, prehistory oceans." That ocean that the first land rises out of. This archetype is of real interest to me, in my own work ..
Thank you for your work.
You should check out French architect Jean-Pierre Houdin's inner ramp theory it's explains the construction process better than anyone else. th-cam.com/video/f4EcSnYBOAE/w-d-xo.html
There is a common mistake that is being repeated in historical narrations and it’s calling “The one thousand and one night” Arabian. If you read just one page of this book, you will find out that names and places named in the book are all Persian. The main copy of this book was destroyed during Muslims attack to Iran and it was written again in Arabic when the Persian languages was forbidden for Iranians for 200 years. That’s why many ordinary people make this mistake but it’s really shameful for an academic to make this mistake.
Superb video. 👏👏👏
High praise! Many thanks. We should find a project to collaborate on.
Two thinks catch my attention as I look at at north side of the structure.
1) As compared with the other two pyramids nearby, the outer edges of the tiers of stone are very irregular in shape; not at all like the fairly straight lines of the stones alignment in the other two. We're they laid that way and if so, then there must not have been any thought of covering the sides with casing blocks as nothing would line up.
2) The vertical scar starts rather low on the side and rises fairly high and is significantly deep. My point is that I would expect that while this structure is smaller than the other two, it is still large, and I would think the same techniques were used to construct it with refinements due to gained experience on the others. That being said it is brought to my mind that one of the methods suggested of building the structure was to run a inclined working path around the outside or inside of the structure and back-fill it from the top down upon completion at the top. If that were the case would one not see evidence of that crossing the vertical scar somewhere along it's height?
I really enjoy your perspective. I'm a big fan of the subject matter and I find your research unique and intriguing. Keep up the good work.
Ever since I was a kid reading about the pyramids I thought that Hawass was a bit of a tool. Great video
What struck me the most was the mentioning of the enormous efforts to REMOVE one or two blocks in comparison with the mainstream view on how many were PLACED every day during its construction (one every six 6 minutes or so).
I've been very intrigued by the corner collapse high up on the corner of the Great Pyramid that was superficially explored in the documentary of the Frenchman's theory about the pyramid having an internal ramp.
Thanks for your work HFG, I'd really appreciate an exploration of the design principles behind the Grand Gallery, surely the least understood structure in the pyramid age?
And has a very interesting section of the ceiling of the Grand Gallery where the stone is broken and scorched. Because this is a machine they sometimes break. This was the result of a pressurized Hydrogen explosion. We really have to take a second and third look at his question haunting the ages.
I agree. There are so many stories about ancient times that simply do not make sense. Personally, I think they are trying too hard to offer up grandiose explanations. Taking a more practical approach, as you did, seems to fill in the blanks for a far more "makes sense" explanation. Great video!
Please make a video of what happened to the stones on the outside of the pyramids.
I do have a video that discusses casing stones: th-cam.com/video/pZxmkNESTpM/w-d-xo.html
They will be discussed in future videos as well.
Interesting, however from what i have learned, they were yes looking for treasures, but also stripped the pyramids outside blocks and used them to build up walls and a Mosque nearby. This is the first time i have heard of someone claiming they wanted to destroy them. Starting at the top would be the easiest for full deconstruction, but they seemed more interested in the inside
Maybe they were were removing one side in hopes of it collapsing in on it's self, this would scatter all of the top half of the pyramid on the ground. If you started at the top there is very limited room for a large amount of people to work, without massive amounts of very long ropes to help pull from below. The problem with this is the large amount of your workforce is below these huge falling stones. If you "caved" into one side , you could collapse it. This would have 2 benefits, 1 this would scatter the stones and make them alot easier to get to them for transport. 2nd as the top blocks fell they would hopefully shift the lower stones enough to make small gaps in between the perfect seams the blocks have, so you wouldn't have to try to use wedges to get them apart.
I long for the day when a video about Egypt doesn't get ruined by the presence of Zahi Hawass
Hey bud I love all your videos. Probably my favorite ancient Egyptian content ever. Now my humble request from you would be a video about the type of building stones used. I know a lot of it was limestone and some granite but I herd you mention that different type of limestone was used. I'm also interested in the composition of the mortar and were the timber was harvest from. In short I'm curious to know about all the construction materials found in the pyramids. Thank you for reading this and I hope you can get the support to investigate and put out more content.
I would highly recommend Uncharted X channel.
Very important questions indeed. Yes, let’s let some very smart people who are interested in truth and technology, not riches nor personal gain. It’s critical to know the exact chemical compounds of every stone within the entire machine. There are significant tunnels and chambers beneath these machines that are also critical components of the process. The Aswan Granite is particularly conductive and was the main source of the piezoelectric current flowing somewhere. Even the local limestone used inside the machine was also conductive. But the Tura Limestone Cover Stones are Non-Conducting. Wouldn’t want to fry the locals just by touching the machine.
The thing about credibility is that once it is gone, everything has to be questioned. Hawass is a good example.
Very interesting and nicely put-together video. Thanks. It is interesting that the stones inside the excavation area appear well-dressed and are built in courses just as on the outside. There is a theory that the Great Pyramids are basically shells and filled largely with rubble and ill-fitting stones, making their construction somewhat less of a challenger. That does not appear to be the case in the Menkaure pyramid at least.
I find it amazing that the builders made the covered body of the pyramid also with blocks, they had to cut and transport everything, sometimes from far away like the granite. They had a large surplus of resources. They were extremely rich and powerful. That's why all the time everybody imagines that there must be big treasures inside. But in reality only small rooms have been discovered and they probably hadn't much things inside.
I have always thought that the so called light bulbs in one carving is a depiction of a large saw. Handled by giants like a stone cutting chain saw but using a water jet blade. Just my thoughts
Interesting thought.
I always seen a speech bubble like you see in comic books when you look at the " bulb"
I never understood the confusion about the dendere lights... there's literally hieroglyphics on the reliefs which describe the story of the figures depicted.
well since you asked me to write my thoughts i will... 2:39 "red pyramid" ... why? It never had casing? Great videos by the way, loved them, this takes a lot of effort to make. Thank you.
My next video addresses this very question! Will be released soon.
The question isn't whether "its better to be found a fool than a thief," the question would be is it better to be seen as impotent, than a thief? And a sultan would always rather be viewed as a thief, then view impotent. So telling the tale of the Sultan's inability to teardown a pyramid, being in effort to hide the fact that he was trying to plunder loot, is absolutely wrong. No sultan is going to approve a story that specifically makes him look unable to finish a task he has endeavored to complete, as propaganda is specifically intended to make one book powerful, and capable of anything.
People talk about hidden treasures inside the pyramids, when in reality the pyramids themselves are the treasures.
Wow, amazing video. What a great job telling an opinion of the pyramid. No bs just facts and any options were outright given beforehand. I love geologists, nothing but facts and no biases. Great job.
So sad that anyone could feel making such holes would be somehow justifiable. Really have to wonder about what is wrong with people.
I understand that these structures were originally tipped with a metal shield of electrum. Is this true? How do we know? If true is there any knowledge of what these caps looked like? Were they polished or engraved or ? Thank you for your video. New subscriber here.
I made a video which discusses this very topic! th-cam.com/video/pZxmkNESTpM/w-d-xo.html
This is an extremely well written evaluation, assessment, and conclusion.
What about the leftover casing stones at the top of Khafre's pyramid? I'd love to hear how they were made.
My latest video discusses how the casing stones were marooned at the top of Khafre’s pyramid.
th-cam.com/video/pZxmkNESTpM/w-d-xo.html
Wooden moulds
Wow at my old age I'm just now realizing my entire life I have been taking my history for granite. Never again.
What do you think of the theory that the "trial passages" are a map telling us that there is an upper chamber in Khufu's pyramid, and where the entrance to it is located?
Brien Foerster has repeatedly argued that anybody attempting to dismantle a pyramid would start at the bottom, but never provides any reasoning to support that belief. That idea has always struck me as defying common sense, for precisely the reasons you give.
I clicked on this with a sense of trepidation and skepticism . How refreshing to find out this was NOT a Brien Foerster type, racist ancient astronaut BS vid. Thank you for your logically based insight and respect of my great forebearers’ culture and heritage . Subscribed!
@@susannebrunberg4174
Attributing construction of megalithic structures to other “non primitives” who had possession of unknown “advanced technology” ,eg ,Atlanteans or ancient aliens, rather than the autochthonous people of that region is not only unfounded but demeaning and indeed racist nonsense !
The term “primitive” is a racist dog whistle.
Here's another person who questions the official narrative about the pyramids but believes the official narrative about racism. Anytime the 2 sanctioned sides of govt in the West agree on anything it doesn't mean it's true, it means it's twice as fake as usual. You want some real hidden knowledge? Explain the enter-raycial (misspelling intentional since this is censored and alternate history is not; which is more hidden?) crime stats where the most "oppressed" people hurt the most "privileged" 500% and higher.
@@justinkennedy3004
Hey buddy Science is Real. But you’re free to stick to QAnon and your racist beliefs, not misspelled intentionally.
BTW, officially and scientifically Egyptians are white.
From US Census Bureau
[White:
The category “White” includes all individuals who identify with one or more nationalities or ethnic groups originating in Europe, the Middle East, or North Africa. Examples of these groups include, but are not limited to, German, Irish, English, Italian, Lebanese, Egyptian, Polish, French, Iranian, Slavic, Cajun, and Chaldean.
Black or African American:
The category “Black or African American” includes all individuals who identify with one or more nationalities or ethnic groups originating in any of the black racial groups of Africa. Examples of these groups include, but are not limited to, African American, Jamaican, Haitian, Nigerian, Ethiopian, and Somali. The category also includes groups such as Ghanaian, South African, Barbadian, Kenyan, Liberian, and Bahamian.]
@@justinkennedy3004
🛸👾👽😂😂😂😂😂
@@justinkennedy3004 I agree with you on everything except the comment about colored peoples committing more crimes.. I’m assuming you’re an adult so by now you should know that people are a product of their environment not their skin color. I grew up poor and there were white & minorities committing crimes because everyone was poor and in that environment. There were also white and minorities who stayed away from all that and tried to live a good life despite circumstance
While not so romantic and enticing there is something very satisfying about the truth of the matter. However there is many things we will probably never know about the pyramids, which is more than enough to have our imaginations run wild. Thank you for posting this knowledge is power and you are powerful.
What was stolen and hidden from mankind from the walls of the grand gallery. I'm speaking of the U shaped brackets that were installed upon the walls of the grand Pyramid by the original builders which all of these U shaped brackets which are almost identical to the U shaped brackets holding up almost every mirror in almost every bathroom across planet earth. 😳
Anyone installing these brackets is because they are needed to hold up the 🍽 plates upon the walls. When the metal books or plates were taken the brackets were just left in the wall and I find it puzzling nobody ever mentions or asks what the U shaped brackets were for.. So I will. What were the U shaped brackets on the walls of the grand gallery holding up in Kufus Pyramid ?
very interesting how the three sattellite pyramids are clearly based and build as stacked mastabas still. It's hard for me to figure they would use a different technique on something larger. Then again every layer may just be another mastaba to their logic. But once they get higher i can only assume they would adjust sizing somewhat. It's what makes the grand gallery so interesting as a transport. Because it's inside the pyramid a ramp is much easier to construct towards the entry point, there's options to hoist things mechanically over a less steep angle. That the grand gallery has another gallery on top is even more spellbinding.
I do have a favorite stone you should look at in the Great Pyramid! Have you seen the National Geographic on the French Architect who believes in the Kings Chamber there is a door made up of three stones that could be removed? Take a look if you can.
I saw a video on the pyramid with a chunk missing from a corner, 2 thirds of the way up. An Egyptologist was granted permission to climb up to it and photograph it all. He found a void behind it but the video didn’t go into detail about it. It was with a French architect and an American Egyptologist. I would love to see a video of your thoughts on this.
Jean Pierre Houdin was the French architect name and his theory is by far the best one that explains everything and stands up to scrutiny. Zarwahes belief that there's more undiscovered chambers in the great pyramid In willing to bet comes from Jean Pierre Houdin newest theory of 2 hidden ante chambers.
th-cam.com/video/f4EcSnYBOAE/w-d-xo.html Jean Pierre Houdin newest theory
here th-cam.com/video/_JlnMs616Z0/w-d-xo.html
How strange that none of the people in Egypt are related to the pharaohs. All in Ireland .
I always watch to the end! endlessly fascinating
Great video 👍 I have always wanted to know more about the metal brackets in the masonry of the Grand Gallery, from my understanding they are a repair to stop further degradation, but by who? And what damage were they trying to stop from happening with those little brackets? It's never made sense to me considering the size of those stones?
Looking forward to more vids in the future, thanks
tying stone blocks together with small metal ties is a very effective way to prevent movement i buildings.
French architect Jean-Pierre Houdin theory of an internal ramp construction and the grand galley being part of a counter weight system to pull the 60 ton granite blocks is by far the best theory and as far I'm concerned this is exactly how the pyramids we're built. See for yourself th-cam.com/video/f4EcSnYBOAE/w-d-xo.html
Def dont dismantle from the top. Pyramids have similar layouts. So go in where the goodies are in other pyramids. Most the goodies are below ground level so odd they went in that high up.
Wow, great videos! Glad I stumbled upon them.
Any thoughts on the void that was discovered above the Grand Gallery a few years ago?
Thanks for watching! I do have a video for the smaller ‘north face corridor’ void in the works, but the ‘Big Void’ might have to wait for more data. It’s a lot of speculation until they can nail down if the space is flat or inclined, among other difficulties.
A thought from me for a while now is was that void area above the Grand Gallery the area that the 100 or more men stood controlling the rope tension during the construction of the Kings Chamber as shown in Jean Pierre Houdin 2011 theory.
We have Key hole surgery yet we cant explore these wonders to this day .. id say (they) already have
@@davidcorbett1713 The second void is a second grand gallery for getting the blocks to the top.
@@elliotkwasek6147 notice the men at 2 minutes 10 seconds on video are in same spot as the void.
th-cam.com/video/xE39WfQRZL4/w-d-xo.html
as an Egyptian, this is remarkable effort , thanks
There is one major advantage to being color blind - when you posed the question as to which tier did the change in stone take place I had already decided from what I saw was an obvious, but not to color normal people, change in density of color at that level due to the change in stone used. I do enjoy your analysis discussion but as in all endeavours it takes a lot of effort to change the course of a large ship, so to speak, due to past pride of ownership of ideas and theories.
The pyramids took years to build so would take years to demolish without explosives. I agree that treasure hunting seems much more reasonable.
Zahi Hawass is often mistaken for being a Christian because of his name, even though he is a Muslim. So Muslims see the ancient Egyptian monuments as blasphemy, sacrilege. They conquered Egypt in 641 and continuously started to destroy especially statues. Later they realized that the whole world wants to see all these monuments and they can make a huge business with tourism. So everything that is done there is to attract tourists.
They did the same thing in Afghanistan about 20 years ago, declaring Buddhist statutes as blasphemous and destroying them.
go back to school
@@pomme4moi They also smash holy figures in churches all over Europe. You can google it.
HOW, all of them were built , for me is a enduring question.
Good Fortune to you to continue your insights.