AT&T Archives: A Modern Aladdin's Lamp, about vacuum tubes,1940
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 เม.ย. 2014
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There were two versions of this film made; this is the short version. Watch for footage of the ridiculously huge vacuum tubes that were used for radio transmission.
From the original 1940 documentation:
"With Western Electric Vacuum Tubes in the starring roles, this film tells the fascinating story of tube development from the first crude bulbs of Edison and De Forest to the powerful and efficient tubes in use today, and shows the prominent part they play in radio, long-distance telephony, public address systems, sound motion pictures and the phonograph.
Animated sequences depicting a traffic cop halting an on-rush of electrons inside a tube and a troupe of monkeys tossing pebbles at a grid explain the three-element tube so clearly that a non-technical audience can understand how it operates.
Scenes in the tube shop show the precision workmanship that goes into the making of broadcasting and telephone repeater tubes. The camera moves from one intricate operation to another while skilled craftsmen transform spools of wire and rods of glass into these magic lamps of today."
Footage courtesy of AT&T Archives and History Center, Warren, NJ - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
Who are all addicted to these kind of classic educational videos?
Nice to learn english.
Haha. I am an electrical engineer 51 years old.. and this vid still explains electricity better than I've ever seen it explained, anywhere else, ever.
My mother worked at Bendix Radio in the middle 40s to the middle 50s and then Westinghouse Corp. She could tell you all about this,. She even built her first Tv before I was born in 55. Most people take electrics for granted what when you think about' what great minds these people had.
I agree, I was so confused in high school chemistry by the completely inaccurate way the electron cloud of an atom was portrayed.
My thoughts exactly.......................He perfectly and easily described exactly how they work, why they work and why they are designed the way they are. Today's youth have NO IDEA how things actually work, only that they work and how to cry when they don't.
If electricity and electrical components were explained like this in high school I probably would have done better with electrical theory...
@@camerond8176 Easy now, not everyone under 50 is incompetent.
It's funny that no one in the end of the video says, "Please hit the like button, smash the bell icon and subscribe."
I love that these old gems are being preserved and made available to the masses.
@reverse thrust everyone who has internet access and can visit youtube = the masses
Same here. I am a relatively young guy. But still I see stuff like this and imagine the world my Grandmother and Great Grandmother grew up in . My Grandmother is 84 years old now and we often laugh about the technology she grew up with compared to the technology we live with now. She can't believe it. Even when I was going to high-school cell phones weren't really a thing. I remember having to remember like 30 numbers in memory and going to a pay phone. Lol!
Estados Unidos a llamada internacional a Paraguay los 1940
instablaster...
@@adamogilvie6951 you bought 86??
I have a 1962 Motorola radio and phonograph console that uses vacuum tubes. It still works. No tube has ever blown out but I don't use it much. The sound of both the radio and phonograph is still excellent. Love the way the radio has to warm up before it starts to emit sound.
Modern presenters could learn a lot from the clear and simple analogies and illustrations made in this video when explaining to lay people how concepts work.
+John Michaelson i saw a lot of these old documentaries and found out they teach from basics and precise about the concepts related,,, modern teaching lacks depth and precision
Good luck... the "journalists" of today don't understand how things work enough to convey it to you. They seem to love filling page space with words and jumping around. What have our colleges produced these days? I tried to find out specifics about 5G cell phone protocols and all I could find were articles that said "it is fast" and described all the things I could do with this speed... but not a word about orthogonal multiplexing, spread spectrum or even what frequencies.
John Michaelson Or from Nikola Tesla"s physics, and exxperiments.100 years from now the question will be " Who was Thomas Alva Edison.?"
@@ai4px You're comparing journalism to videos produced by the manufacturers of the product. Of course they aren't going to be on the same level. Do you think the newspapers in the 1940s went this in depth explaining how a vacuum tube works? No, they just said "it is fast".
@@ShaunDreclin you fail to realise companys refuse to cover their technology now. Showing off your technology back then was done as marketing, to show customers how their products are reliable, and why it's worth buying their luxuries. Modern products aren't made to last like back then (planned obsolescence started by the GM company), so there's no reason to show how it's made. There is also no need to explain how it works either. Showing how it works is pointless when people already know "it works because... I dunno". Explaining it back then was necessary because you needed to know which way the electricity was going to use it. You don't need to know how bluetooth works to sink to your speaker.
21:04 “there will be no end to the miracles of this modern Aladdins lamp... the vacuum tube!”
The transistor: *I’m about to wreck this man’s whole career*
MOSFET: I'm going to wreck the transistor.
@@LMB222 Semi conductive memetic gallium : I am gong to wreck the transistor and the MOSFET. In 2042.
Less than 100 years after the transistor was formed. Who said Moore's Law is bullshit!?
This actually does a better job of explaining vacuum tubes than a lot of modern presentations I've seen.
We had the last vacuum tube electronics class in high school in 1974 75 the book I had explained it pretty good. Along with the teacher we had and we made a 5-tube radio.
If this was a modern youtube video it would have lasted at least 90 minutes and used forever to get to the point
@@LangkowskiSame with schools today
"....all these things and more happened, because of a single product of individual enterprise, and THE AMERICAN WAY OF LIFE. And so long as they endure, there will be no end to the miracles of this modern Aladdin's lamp, the vacuum tube....". WE/Bell Labs - The greatest collection of technical talent and innovation mankind has yet known.
I’m fascinated by the birth of our modern computer driven world. Vacuum tubes were invented in 1904, just 10 years before my grandmother was born. Today we have access to a lightweight M1 iPad Pro with 16 billion transistors, capable of 11 trillion operations per second. To put that in perspective, it would take multiple Boeing sized factories filled to the rafters with Vacuum tubes, and 70 nuclear power plants just to power the equivalent number of circuits (But of course it would still be just a minuscule fraction of the speed of one iPad, taking years to accomplish what iPad can in one second)
"Midgets in a Subway Crowd" is my band's latest album.
I bought a great Roxy Music album because of the cover and suspect your album will be equally-good because of its title!
Imagine how proud you could be working in a tube factory. Artisands for sure. Skilled labour in a high tech facility in North America.
That whole "monkeys throwing pebbles at a target through a shutter" bit at 9:00 had me cracking up. I never would have thought of making such an analogy to controlling electron flow, so props for creativity there!
See how America used to be great, you could say something and not offend people. now liberals ruined that. dont hurt their feelings guys. be nice now
Anyone who's been to the monkey exhibit at the Zoo knows what they're really throwing! It's the Ancient Art of Flung Poo.
You could never show that analogy as an example today, anywhere but TH-cam, the libs would be calling you racist and if that's what comes to their mind then there are the ones that are racist. There's a ridiculous amount of things you'll never see today, especially in school textbooks. You'll never see a girl using an iron or a boy using a hammer, in fact these days you'll never even see anything identifiable as a girl or boy. This world is dead.
@@8800081 I see a whole lot of people in this comment section whining about "what the liberals would say" and not any liberals actually saying anything. You've invented a caricature of what a liberal actually is so that you can feel good about yourself. Try actually _talking_ to the average moderate liberal and you'll find you agree on most topics. As much as you may think they are or want them to be, most issues are not partisan.
@@porkyfedwell ha!… true.
I was particularly impressed by the 1940 teleprompter the narrator used 😊
Love these old industrial films. A real tribute to manufacturing in this country.
Well said 👌🇺🇸🦅
As an old geezer, I really enjoyed this video. I actually own a Western Electric 102-F "repeater" vacuum tube (in the original, bulb-shaped form factor). It was pulled from one of the last voice repeaters in my area - nearly identical to the repeater shown in the video. The label on it indicates it was put into service in 1931, and it was still operating flawlessly around 40 years later when it was removed from service. The combination of Bell Labs research and Western Electric manufacturing resulted in some awesome components back then.
Good thing you can still get them made. There is a few youtubers on here still hand making electron tubes. Amplifier tubes are also still manufactured today. They may be inefficient today but they still produce superior sound.
Wow. You must be so old your balls float up when you sit in the tub 😹
POV NW, why are you an ass?
I loved this video and others like it I watched last night but it's painfully obvious why are new stock tubes are so poor these days. It's no longer an art and even the duds are now sold. Less quality control less skilled workers etc. It's amazing that repeater tube lasted 40 years. Meanwhile as a guitar player im having a hard time getting my EL34 output tubes in my Marshall to last me a year, NOS (new old stock) still exists but only for so long. I just wish a company would step up and invest in making quality tubes again and not have any ties to the few company's that own all the current production tubes. As it is Tung-sol, SOVTEK, electro harmonix, JJ Tesla, Mullard and others are all owned by one or two company's and all produced side by side in a handful of factories in Russia and China. With new production tubes I often go through a few sets before I find one that doesn't have any defects. It's just pathetic.
I was a tech with AT&T and remember replacing Line Repeaters made by Western Electric that were 30 years old. Many of them were still working but they were getting tired and I didn't want to re-enter that manhole again.
From "magic" light bulbs, to my iPad, what an amazing world we live in today.
I'm a retired tech, and this was actually very informative, and easy to understand.
Great production values, fast moving, entertaining, and fun music.
Looking at all those tube repeater amps on the wall, made me think, how cool it would have been, to convert them all to guitar amps. LOL
The vacuum tube assembly line process is amazing to watch.
The narrator in 1940's movies like this always sounds so lovely optimistic
I felt in love with vacuum tube technology when I was a kid. My grand parents had a color tv which used tubes, and also a tubes radio we were listening to every Wednesday. I was fascinated by these glowing components. Now I'm repairing old tube radios...
My uncle used to repair radios and televisions up until the early 1980s. In the late 70s, I would take tubes to the pharmacy which had a tube tester. My folks had an Admiral 'hybrid' 25-inch(26-inch in the U.S.) colour TV. Some of its circuitry was transistorized. Its tubes ran at a reduced voltage so they needed less time to warm up, making it almost instant-on...
Think about this: repeater tubes were installed in enclosures attached to transatlantic telephone cables sitting on the ocean floor!
CPU water cooling in 1940
like midget data in a hyperloop tube, your voice current goes out into the ether
When the CPU was literally one transistor
@@StephenJamieson the ENIAC had something like 24,000 tubes. Imagine cooling all that
1940's watercooled vacuum tubes ! And here I am with a watercooled processor with over 3 billion transistors... Puts things in perspective about how much progress has been achieved... Very interesting video!
lsq78 - water cooled glassware has been around as long as modern glassware has... the 10W mixed-gas white light laser I worked with at a planetarium had a water cooled laser tube (with a 5-ton water chiller out back) that was indeed a very functional work of art.
And those CPUs require a $1B Wafer fab and lots of nasty chemicals and huge amounts of water resources. Just saying 😎
@@jimc3688 shut up jim
Amazing precision factory robots in use for being 1940. Clear glass tubes have fascinated me since grade school. I'm 69.
Yeah, it is . They almost look like real humans, too.
Sucks that NASA lost the tech to make them just like the moon landing telemetry and vehicle designs.
I am your age. My father gave me some small vac tubes and told me how to use my batteries to get them to work. I have loved them ever since.
"like midgets in a subway crowd" lol you can't beat the analogy. It's perfect.
If a broadcaster dared say something like that over the air nowadays , some smartassed fresh out of legal school would try to sue his ( or her ) ass off on behalf of all the midgets and try to get him ( or her ) fired . notice how careful I'm being .
Excuse me Mr. Announcer, HR would like a word with you
You know you’re watching a gem of a video when it refers to a video as a “talking picture” 😊
Americans always seem so much more well-spoken in old videos. I also like the early-20th century American accent much better than the modern one.
we all got dumber thanks to low education standards.
So true. When Bush senior decided to implement the "No Child Left Behind" initiative to give everybody a trophy. He destroyed two generations of Americans and now we have Social Justice Warriors instituting their politically correct, censorship. And groups like BLM can call for the death of cops and white people.
You are asserting that the fact that the average teen doesn't talk like Lowell Thomas is because of George H W Bush and not pop culture? I'm guessing you were one of those left behind.
I was watching a class of students learning English and they were watching old episodes of I Love Lucy from the 1950's. This is how they learn English.
@@shopdog831 And pants on the ground. Lookin' like a fool...
I really enjoy these old timey “how it’s done” videos.
Back in my radio days (late 80s to late 90s) our AM transmitter had four tubes that were probably as big around as my thigh. Those things put out so much heat that the AC in that room ran 24/7-even in the middle of winter.
Amazing explanation! Also I love the nice and clear American English they spoke back then on TV. English is not my first language and yeat I did understand every single word effortlessly.
Of all the modern illustrations and videos these old documentaries along with old tech magazines made me learn 20 times better. New documentaries tend to be as theoretic as hell and it's easy to get distracted and mislead
Vacuum tube technology is awesome! This was once state of the art, now its nostalgic. That's some fine engineering there!
At 19:30 is a policeman in his car using his mobile vacuum tube radio set. The policeman's arm patch says "Kearny Police". Kearny NJ is where Western Electric had a huge manufacturing plant.
Amazing.. the narrator tells elaborately about the components in the tube, how they are set up, compares them, tells what they are used for .. and doesn't breathe a word about how they actually work, amplify
No clean rooms, no special uniforms, just simple production. Yet some of these tubes still work till date.
Western Electric vacuum tube is a myth of high quality here in Japan too. This video gave me a clear image of WE. Thank you for upload. I have some American made tubes licensed to Sylvania from WE produced for military service in WWII. I am going to make a DIY audio amplifier using those tubes. They are indeed beautiful and reliable ones.
I have a few here I laughed when they said 50,000 hours how about 65 years and still going strong?
Yes, they say "over 50,000 hours". That's counted as 5.7 years if run for 24 hours 365 days. But when used in consumer audio, lifetime of tubes will not be counted in this way. One of the reason is that there is rush current into filament when power gets on. It slightly damages cold filament. So it doesn't reach 65 years even when you use tubes only a couple of hours a day. I think normal lifetime of consumer audio tube is less than 10 years especially when you expect good sound quality.
@@nagakamo I wonder why they didn't put something in the circuits that would have more slowly ramped up the power, to increase tube lifespan?
@@porkyfedwell Some did.
W3pmv
You just can't imagine how happy I am to watch this video ! Thank you very much .
I learn a great deal from these and old US Army training videos. I had the pleasure of visiting CBS TV transmitter room on the 108/109 floor of WTC Building #1. The first fully Solid State (FET), high power transmitter (at least in NY). We regularly stopped by to visit on our way up to the roof to service our antenna.
i remember the tv set of my grandmother with vacuum tubes i was eager boy that time i used to peek the back of the tv set while it was working and amazed seeing so much bulb inside that lights
This was the best explanation I’ve yet seen
"like MIDGETS in a subway crowd"!!! Electrons in AIR!
cengeb It was not a time of political correctness. It was both funny and offensive. The phrase did help me understand the reason for a vacuum.
Without the invention of the lamp,there would,ve be no computer these day's, it blows my mind how such small little device have changed the world.
Actually, FETs were already invented and being experimented with.
Not really. Vacuum tube computers were second generation of computers (electromechanical relays were the first), but once transistors became available, they switched immediately.
"And to reach the plate, the electrons would have to bump their way through them, like midgets in a subway crowd." - 6:56
Genius
I don't know... I think the "aroused monkeys" at around the 9:05 mark is a worse comment than the "midgets in a subway crowd" comment. ;-)
I love midgets. They make great pets 😐
@@povnw8985 and great snacks
sounds like a jim carr joke
fantastic. Love it. Came for the monkeys, stayed for the wonderful footage of the workers making the tubes there by hand. How industrious we used to be!
It might be because vacuum tubes aren't nearly as common nowadays, but I learned more in a few minutes of this video than any modern video on the subject. The examples were funny and very informative, and the subject matter is clearly explained.
+AJFreeway the only difference between the tubes of today and the ones described in the video is that these days, tubes have a metal tube snuggly fit around the filament known as the cathode, it makes design easier so you only have to apply one lead to create a circuit between the plate and filament/cathode.
+Joshua Lopez they've always had a cathode, that's what releases the electrons. the animations in the film are grossly oversimplified for demonstration purposes. some cathodes are directly heated, some are indirectly heated by a filament.
michael Woods I was kinda referring to the early deforest audion tubes. They just had filaments.
That filament is what is called a directly heated cathode.
SlyPearTree yep, but since higher amounts of power applied tended to burn it out, the cathode was created to make the tube handle power beyond what the filament was handling before it burned out.
For the life of me I could not understand how vacuum tubes work, but this video explained how they work perfectly. Thank You.
Interestingly, this film has itself been scanned by a vacuum tube film scanner. You can see the green tube in saturation at 19:00, in the cockpit windshield.
Nice catch!
Very cool haha
Is this the reason for the "green flash" you see on the woman's hands at 15:27???
It's amazing what vacuum tubes could do. That's why I love vintage radios and other tube electronics.
We were great at making mechanical masterpieces back then
I am so glad that these older movies and educational films are still in reach I learned so much. Awesome
17:45 Tube is a WE 101F tube. 4.1 volt filament voltage. 4 prong. 3 elements. Plate grid filament. The 101F has a filament current of 0.5 amp and the 101D is 1 amp. This Triode of course is Western Electrics audio frequency tube for their repeaters.
So Edison's filaments broke at the positive end. I wonder if he ever thought of using AC power?
I’m sure he / his engineers did. But that would be blasphemy !
He didn't like Tesla s ac ideas as he had too much investment in DC. As time would tell he was wrong.😄
@@dondesnoo1771 - And that is why Washington D.C. is the only place left where they still use Direct Current.
@@mydogbrian4814 you're out of your mind
@j r *Apparently so!*
Another example of sarcasm gone awri. The intent of the pun escapes me. Sorry!
___, Oh I remember now!
It was in referance to comments on *D.C.* current. And I extrapolated it to Washington *DC.*
- kinda lame, huh? 🙄👎
I wonder though if anyone remembers who made the amazing machinery used to make those millions of vacuum tubes...😨
My HS chemistry teacher showed this in class once. I finally watched it without falling asleep after all these years.
9:00 I’m *_so_* in love with this animation for *_so_* many reasons...
And even today the Vac Tube is still being used in high end Hi -Fi , Respect for those technicians of the past
I" m using a microphone preamplifier built for audio recordings and I have an hi-fi preamp and amplifier for a high efficency loudspeakers. The tubes have again best performances for specific purpose where the mechanical requirements are not primarly requested (audio and RF power transmitter, magnetron it's a vacuum tube and X ray tube, night vision device use a photomultiplicator).
Amazing >>> This was when Man lived Proud and Proper !!!
Great times indeed. Tech development and reaching for new. Engineering was a valued skill back then.
Отличный фильм! Выбило слезу от ностальгии. Сколько дырок в ладонях получено от удара анодного напряжения в несколько тысяч вольт! Электронные лампы живы!
HAM radio sins 1972. Born 1953. 73!
I remember poring through voluminous works about early endeavors into electronics. Thanks to the discipline Mr. Edison and others after him who exerted much time and effort to bring us the science and technologies we now enjoy at the comfort of a finger
Great video. A slight slap at Edison for not trying to understand the "Edison Effect". Lowell Thomas had a good "Radio Voice". I got into "playing" with vacuum tubes while still in grade school in the 50's. An Uncle gave a kit for a regenerative radio that used a single tube. It was of a "breadboard" design and the map to the components was on a piece of paper glued to a small piece of plywood and it required a 1.5 V "A" battery and a 45 V "B" battery.
With tubes it is possible to picture how they work. Not so with semi-conductors.
Lowell Thomas!!! *That* was his name!! That was driving me nuts -- I knew I knew him, but I couldn't think of his name at all.
@@LMacNeill Did you not observe the opening credits?
I learned electronics in the tube days. You could follow a schematic and see what happens. One of the later TV's i repaired, from the tuner, the signal went into a big chip, and various signals came out for video, audio, verticle and horizontal drive. What was wrong? A big difficult to replace chip. A projector I worked on had a huge chip in it. Over 200 pins, soldered into different levels of a 7 layer PC Board. The projector was scrapped.
I had decent training on semiconductors. You just needed flukes and O'scopes to help.
Mike,
Your description of your single tube regenerative radio kit sounds very much like a kit I had in the late 1950s. It used a 45 V “B” battery and a standard 1.5 V D cell for the “A” battery. It was a breadboard design, as you describe, and had a 3-4” upright wood piece on the front to hold the variable capacitor for tuning and a potentiometer for the regeneration control. I don't recall if the power switch was built into the pot, or a separate switch. It had a single headphone with a spring metal piece the fit over your head. You could also connect the headphone to different fahnestock clips and allegedly use it as a radio transmitter with the headphone serving as the microphone. I never had much success with getting that to work.
A few years later I got an updated version of the same kit. Instead of the breadboard, it now fitted into red plastic case. While now more portable, you still needed to hook it to an antenna and ground to use it.
I hadn’t though about this radio for a while-thanks for the memory jog.
What's equally fascinating is the machinery that makes the tubes and who invented it?
My Transcendant Sound T -16s are OTL,Output Transformerless, Amplifiers. 16 Russian 6C19PI Military grade triodes/channel. A buck seventy a piece,surplus from Russia, in the circuit they make magic. Far superior to the Class A MOSFET amps I was building. This video , amazing History, many thanks.
Big companies don't always make the big innovations.
Western Electric did a lot of the hard work in developing rugged and durable tubes,
but it was two imaginative brothers working in a modest building in a small village
(Halcyon, CA, a mere 15 miles or so from where I live) ---
and later at Stanford University --- who came up with the klystron.
Yep, the Varian brothers, the founders of what is now Silicon Valley.
Finally, I have 14 tube amplifier. Least I know how they are made. 😊👍
You're old if you can remember when drug stores had vacuum tube testing machines and stocked the tubes.
Robert Cuminale - did you ever see a shoe store x-ray machine? The ones to check the fit of the new shoes?
Well thanks for the reminder.
When I was a young girl, my dad took me to Walgreens to check the tubes of our Zenith color TV set. This was in the 1960s.
Ours was in the nearby Radio Shack. By the time I was about 8, dad would pull the suspected bad tube, give me enough money to replace it if necessary, and send me down to check if the tube was bad and get the replacement if necessary. He could continue with whatever he was doing while I got the new tube.
I remember when they installed the machines
This is better than "How It's Made".
my 1969 Fender Super Reverb amp is still rocking loud with those tubes, still original. Techs love to see the amp and handle those tubes.
I love these videos. I have some tube radio receivers working, a tube tester and lots of circuits diagram. I enjoy actual technology, but I still love tubes and old transistor hardware. These things are important to me for the history they have behind.
Thanks for uploading this❤❤❤
What fantastic machines they had in the 40s to manufacture these tubes. Even if there were much manual work also.
Absolutely beautiful presentation and of Great Historical Technical significance.
Amazing robotics and talented women. Never knew how complicated it was to make a vacuum tube. Too bad the transistor would soon make those machines and talents obsolete.
They mostly explained simple three element triode tubes. Pentode, five element, were soon to follow. Dual tubes and subminiature also came later. Lots and lots of other types as well. Having a 2” thick RCA, Sylvania, or GE tube catalogue was a very prized possession.
Hand soldering leads.. wow !
So much hands-on work performed!
I love these films, the amount of toil that went into making them is amazing.
This contribution here posted, is a joy to watch and appreciate. Thank you a million times over ! Thank you for posting it, and allowing the people to learn from it. I was overjoyed !!!
Beautifully inspired short document!
Very nice. I grew up with tubes in the Air Force as an electronic tech in the Cold War. I have many in my collection, including some Marconi tubes.
I remember when these were in televisions. We called them valves in England but of course vacuum tube is their proper name. I miss the orange glow of these wonderful components.
It's true that they actually are valves - thermionic valves to be exact! I'm American but I tend to use the English name because it is more precise. A light bulb could be called a vacuum tube, but it is not a thermionic valve. I have a valve radio from 1961 so I still get to see some orange glow when I want to - and it still sounds really good :-)
It's a sad memory I have, sometime in the early '90s... Some guys were clearing out a garage, and found some old tube radios, and a box of brand new, still in their cardboard sleeves, vacuum tubes. A couple cases of Busch light in, they were throwing them around, smashing them and stomping them into the concrete floor. Me being a kid, just wondering why, asked what those "lightbulb" looking things were for. "They're old, nobody needs 'em anymore" was the reply. If I could go back, and tell those thirty-somethings, that they were smashing up a goldmine they could sit on, preserve and sell someday - well, they are in their 60's now, probably still poor and drunk, or worse. I managed to save a Zenith world radio as a 10 year old kid they were kicking around, and sold it on ebay years later. Those assholes helped make these surviving things rare, so good for them - and fuck them, too. Remember, future generations, when bashing up your father's things - they may be valuable someday.
Probably the two most important inventions of the 20th century was the vacuum tube (Thermonic valve) in 1906 which led to modern electronics like radio, television, radar and the earliest electronic computers. Then in 1947 the transistors which led to the amazing technology we have today. The diode tube invented in 1903.
The development of the integrated circuit around 1960 solved "the connection problem:" Even though transistors could be made small and reliable, the physical aspects of connecting them and the associated resistors together in large numbers represented a major obstacle that threatened to be a limiting factor.
Excellent, thanks for posting this.
Thermionic valves make for the best sounding amps and will never die. Hook 'em up to a trio of single coils with selector switch in position 4 and you'll be smokin' dude.
Sorry man, but digital has replaced that. Amp models in 2023 can produce the same sound
@@jr2904 Some people like processed cheese, others artisan made real deal.
Actually, digital technology models an ideal sound (or think of it as typical response of an amp style or even that of particular existent amplifiers. As such they present a fixed transfer response subject to input parameters.
A real hard-wired tube amp is far more organic and variable and plays that way too.
They're personal.
One error being "elections speed through the cables" is incorrect. It is the electrical flow that speeds; electrons pass along the cable at a snails pace.
If so much manual labor was required for every modern transistor, you'd need friends in high places just to compute a prime number.
The repeater tube made by western electric was an amplifier used in underwater telephone lines. Western Electric made many improvements to the vacuum tube.
These films are like time travel to me. Fascinating stuff.
What a enjoyable film!
You did me return to fantastic period of vac tubes 😭 i remember my diperation research PL95 for sound system
Lowell Thomas, the voice American's loved to listen too.
I love this. Thank you.
In the video the guy says they build 100 million new tubes a year. Now days they have billions of transistors or "tubes" inside a single piece of silicon.
I love the monkeys grid control analogy of vacuum tubes
20:23 proves that the term "High Fidelity" was NOT a '50s creation (as I have read WAY to many times..)
Wonderful explanation.
"like midgets in a subway crowd!" 😂
The Russians and Chinese and some eastern European Companies still make tubes for the revived HI FI and Guitar tube market worldwide!
Didn't RCA sell a lot of their tube making gear to them when they decided that vacuum tubes are "obsolete"?
I am willing to wager there are millions of New Old Stock stashed in old warehouses, basements, old abandoned television repair shops worldwide. Better hang onto them, plus the equipment that they ran on, when Chinese take over all chip manufacturing. ...🇨🇳😀😀☠.
How come I'm not surprised.
It's amazing to see how much they still used people in otherwise automated factory back then. The operations that humans did weren't even more complex than the things the automatic machines did. I suspect that it didn't take long for the whole thing to be automated with humans only involved in maintaining the machines and quality control. Women labor was probably cheap (cost, not quality) enough and plentiful in 1940 to compete with machine but WW2 probably changed that.
I'm currently reading "La Radio, mais c'est tres simple" (Radio, but that's simple.) an old very popular French (my first language) tutorial book about radio and tubes. The edition I have is not very old, 1966, but it is the 28th edition, it was really popular. The pages mostly don't hold to the spine anymore but it is otherwise if fine condition. The 29th editions was published in 1998 for the nostalgics. It's a very good book if you can find it. It was translated in many languages but not English as far as I know.
I just watched a similar video made in 1948, also by Western Electric, and I was wrong, they didn't even show any automation, just rows of women making tubes by doing very repetitive tasks.
Like in Japan with the transistor boom they had factory girls making germanium transistors. It's so amazing to see that women played such an integral in the development of these technologies of course they didn't actually come up with the designs but they still contributed never-the-less.
SlyPearTree - vacuum tubes are still largely produced by hand today... any kind of technical glassware will always require craftsfolk.
"They'd have to push their way through, like midgets in a subway crowd"
XD
Good to know the value of the vacuum tube.
So clear, so simple, so smart
If this was made in 2021 the narrator would be a bored 30 year old and lame graphics with flat colors. This film had heart and soul put into it.
Great vid. Thanks!