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Many karst areas have lots of tannins in the water. Tannic acid breaks down limestone. The color of the pillars matches what one would expect if using a tannic acid to help work the stone. Go look at old limestone tombstones. We already know they made paints.
Well, Matt, one of the many impressive elements in your videos is your comprehensive discussion of how things were done, in this case the unfinished T pillar, and previously the unfinished Egyptian obelisk. In this instance, it can be seen that once humanity discovers something, be it pottery, stone pillars or megaliths, they learn by doing over time with repetition, modification and experimentation. Thanks for your indefatigable efforts to bring the latest discoveries of our ancient ancestors culture to your viewers.
@@AncientArchitects After finishing your video, something popped into my mind. One of your T-pillar closeups looked like it had a separate cross piece, but on review it was an architectural detail. Perhaps that indicates that originally the cross pieces were separate, and the design was kept in the single piece pillars. This would be like early pottery having basketry detail or modern cornices having details that are only decorative but replicate what would have been beams in ancient structures, as you probably studied.
@@ian_b In a different reply post I mentioned things we use as decoration, like cornices, columns, etc, but were originally essential structural elements. Even our language preserves things. For example, Americans call a car's rear compartment a trunk. That's because in early "horseless carriages" there was a trunk strapped to the back of the vehicle. This was also a feature in some horse drawn vehicles.
Thank you for continuing to record and show the new Mirazan sites (the original, local local name for the recent official government name). Mirazan means a "miracle maker". The local, childless Kurdish women give offerings at the hill, hoping for a child. The fertility myth of the hills still lingers. Mirazan is the meaningful, local name for this entire super old civilization/culture. A lot better than the silly name of Gobekli ("potbelly"), or Karahan ("black tribal chief", instead of the meaningful local name of Sederi ,”three gates”)-- given to it by the ruling government there . I hope you continue showing us more and more of the Mirazan sites as they get dug up. The name for the entire culture that created these wonderful structures around 12000 years ago is the MIRAZAN CULTURE. Then the local native names should used for individual hills and sites.
That’s very interesting and you are right. I worked in Peru for some years in archeology and at a new site we would ask the oldest inhabitants how the site was known, mostly a mountain or “”huaca” ) and that name was given to the site. Sometimes during the excavation it came clear why it had that name.
I think the diagrams explain it very well! And it's interesting about how they may have moved them. I've always thought it could have been the same way the monuments on Easter Island were moved into place. With ropes and several people moving them back and forth to "walk" them into place, it's less likely to break them than if they used rollers, because of the shape. Especially if they were moving them while the stone had soaked up water. I've never seen them in person, so just guessing, but it seems to make sense.
I think of something like...many stones balls placed between several parallel wooden planks a little less tall like the balls..and slopes of well-leveled terrain... Why not?
The amount of effort to create these pillars alongside daily life suggests that there were communities living in structures that have not survived. They couldn't have each built a pillar based accommodation in order to have somewhere to stay overnight etc. Folks must have been hunting and gathering to support the stoneworkers, and they all had to live somewhere more easily constructed in 'real' time. Your explanation of how they extracted the pillar 'blanks' from the quarries was quite informative and well explained :-)
Those living houses have very much survived, e.g. there's a whole town block's worth of them in Göbekli Tepe right next to the pillared structures. Klaus Schmidt didn't stumble upon them right away, so for some time, it was thought that there were no living quarters associated with those communal buildings, but eventually they were found, and they are extensive.
When we think of hunter-gatherers that have survived into our age, like the Hadza, San or Australian aboriginal people - they survived in the most marginal of places that were unattractive to herders and farmers until very recently. But in the deep past, hunter-gatherers had their pick of the unimaginably lush and wildlife-rich places - not only teeming with animals but fish and birds too. But even those hanging on in the marginal corners of the world, they only have to spend two or three hours a day hunting, foraging, making shelters or whatever. They had PLENTY of time to go off and spend a few afternoons a week at quarrying or building.
It's awesome how the flat style is a result of the stones layering. I can see how a building site might present its own pillars you just stand them up right there and use the waste materials to make the tarasso and perimeter walls etc.
I repeat: Chiseling out those pillars, moving them around and making Terrazzo doesn't come over night. So I expect even older structures to be discovered.
Don't forget, that at the time, humans only had 3 million years of experience of working with stone. That's only 150,000 generations across at least three different species! :P
@@Chris.Davies So, they were novices at this site. Maybe the Anunnaki or aliens taught them stone work some 3000 years before Göbekli Tepe as there are older sites in that area.
@@AArata63the oldest building dates to 11,500 bc . Plus the rock in this area is soft . Easily chiseled with rock hand axe. Additional study won’t happen as this site is closed to further evacuation.
Sometimes recreations are good, sometimes not so much. The view here was awesome! It reminded me of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston's Buddhist Temple recreation.
The construction of Göbekli Tepe's pillars showcases the ingenuity and collaborative effort of early human societies, reflecting their complex social structures and cultural expressions long before the advent of metal tools or the wheel.
I hope you recovered from your cold and thank you for the serious and professional information you give on archeological investigations. It shows once more that the transit pre pottery people to full agriculture societies were much more capable than we used to presume. They didn’t need a fleet of extraterrestrials to build it for them, they invented it all by themselves, haleluya 😅
Howdy from Wyoming! My Mother and I were talking on the airplane a couple months ago, and she likes the movies Troy and 10,000 BC, so she was asking me what humans were actually doing 10,000 years ago, and I was proud to tell her all about Göbekli Tepe, thanks mostly to you! And that King Tutankhamun was approximately contemporary with the Trojan war. And the mystery and debate around the Bronze Age Collapse. I’m obsessed with ancient megalithic architecture, and these small details analyzed tell so much more than most people realize. Thank you for your dedication! I have to shout out History for Granite as well. Best of luck, and stay well out there folks! P.S. Have you done any experiments with water on the scale model you had made of Karahan Tepe? Thought of that model watching this video.
Merhaba. Eğer anneniz Truva hakkındaki tarihi kitapları seviyorsa, ona Vergilous'un "Aeneis" adlı kitabını alabilirsiniz. Katliamdan kurtulabilen Truvalıların kaçışını ve büyükdedelerinin ülkelerine gitmek için yaptıkları maceralı yolculuklarını anlatıyor.
I’ve been a viewer since you had less than 50,000 people watching I’ve learned so much about sites are already knew about and sites that I never seen before. Thank you for not being opinionated and just giving the facts.
@@AncientArchitects I'm hoping that my channel will grow and I could afford my own trips too places and film art... Great videos you have. A true inspiration.
Any theories about why the pillars were specifically T-shaped and not simply rectangular? Was it a cultural feature or practical? I tend to think it was practical, because the T-shape gives you two leverage points when you want to erect the pillar. Using two poles at either side under the T you can erect the pillar bit by bit, alternating levering and rising the support for the lever. Without the T-shape this would be much harder to do
I like the work you have done with this video, detailed and informative like nothing else really. Karahantepe from bird POV kinda reminds me of them stone circle structures in South Africa, shown by mr Michael Tellinger. There is some stuff here that is a bit dodgy tho, like the unfinished T-pillar shown has different colour shade but that might be a light perspective but also looks like it was touched by amateurs lol. Other thing on the picture showing ancient people lifting a pillar, somebody drawn it really thick when in reality them pillars are very thin and crack friendly tall. But anyways video got like and geco gets ❤ thats my fav. part of Gobeklitepe, who ever carved it was a champ
Thank you, very educational. Well done. Very interesting. I once read a book on the building of the pyramids where it was suggested that the blocks were cut from clay quarries near the Nile river that flooded the area. It was a very old book. When I studied art history we were told that water and wooden pegs were used in the cracks that were forced open by the swelling of the wooden pegs.
4:20 - Video Starts. In fact, whenever extremely large stones are moved, it is demonstrated that it is much easier than you think it is. Difficulties start to be experienced at 25,000 kilograms, and at 1,000,000 kilos the operation gets very sophisticated - but still very straight forward. Humans are great engineers. Always have been. It's what makes us human!
Thanks😊 I always enjoy your videos ❤️ I seriously don’t understand how they moved those pillars. It’s a lot easier to talk about rollers and levers than it is to overcome physics, friction and gravity😂 a lever long enough to contribute to shifting 50 ton (or even 10 ton) (maybe 10 levers per pillar?? Or more??) needs to have tensile strength so that it doesn’t snap - where would that timber come from?? And the rollers?? Have to be really hard as well, and the track for them has to be super smooth, and all the rollers have to be evenly cylindrical so they don’t pivot in different directions, and it’s best if they are basically the same diameter, and you need to balance friction of too many rollers retarding movement against instability🤦 I only shifted 200kg (about 2.5 my body weight) a concrete double laundry tub I used old fence posts as rollers and only moved it about 30m - A LOT MORE COMPLICATED THAN YOU WOULD THINK. A 50 ton (US ton) is 45 Million kg, at 200kg per person you would need 225 000 people to move it?? How would that work??
And on an incline; holding it in place so it wouldn't slip? Maneuvering it around to avoid the mined terrain.The area looks as if it could have been underwater once; or worn down by it over eons, but very few symbols/carvings on these columns except for a few wavy lines depict water - but the row of ducks?/geese is so much like Egyptian hieroglyphs, and have been discovered on carved/decorated bone fragments (tools?) in a cave in Eastern Europe dating to 7-8,000 bce... beginning to imagine/speculate what others already have, that all these earliest sites discovered so far were started by all the same people from a worldwide single pre-existing civilization (survivors of the "Flood"?) just widely dispersed (after all, besides the chosen Noah, his limited communication capabilities, there had to be other (good?) people farther away who were observant /prepared, or had access to boats/mountains/high up caves to escape the worst of natural disasters if the unending rains were actually that. (I have a suspicion those 400+yrs in Egypt provided fodder for the Bible, and the Egyptians weren't the only ones basing their creation legends on (a) floods, right?) The inscrutable Osirion in Abydos, Egypt looks older than anything else so far, and those blocks were just as large, if not larger than these pillars, but were supposed to have been moved/put in place using water/the Nile, if I remember correctly.
Hoobinoo Theory: The T-pillars at Göbekli Tepe weren’t your average roof supports. Nope, they were more like mystical guardians holding up earthy mounds, blending these ancient hangouts into the landscape like nature’s own secret bunkers. When the folks moved on, it seems the structures just said, "Well, guess we'll cover ourselves!" and caved in, filling up with dirt and staying out of sight for millennia. Maybe this was a culture that liked to keep things low-key, literally embedding themselves into the earth, eco-friendly before it was cool!
I do think the theory of these large blocks, pillars etc. being left in the quarries for some kind of ceremonial reason, is worth inspecting. It is interesting how many times these are found in ancient quarries and they always seem to be the biggest ones.
@Fuzzmo147 , yeah man, they're obviously the most rational explanations. I don't know if serious academics have ever looked into the ceremonial idea, but I think it's worth inspecting. A simple question regarding such stones (excluding the one on Easter Island), would be - why didn't they utilise the sections of the stone that weren't damaged? Or if it was too big, why not use smaller sections? If not ceremonial, possibly they were left to show some kind of reverence to the quarry, along the lines of "this is what happens if you try to take too much in one go", or something similar. It does otherwise seem odd that you would do so much work and give up, rather than treating it as a head start to quarry smaller blocks from.
Cut it? I would of burned it. And you would be able to use burned pieces to be used as plaster in the floor. Because it is so readily made by heating limestone, lime must have been known from the earliest times, and all the early civilizations used it in building mortars and as a stabilizer in mud renders and floors. The common feature of early kilns was an egg-cup shaped burning chamber, with an air inlet at the base (the "eye"), constructed of brick. Limestone was crushed (often by hand) to fairly uniform 20-60 mm (1-2+1⁄2 in) lumps - fine stone was rejected. Successive dome-shaped layers of limestone and wood or coal were built up in the kiln on grate bars across the eye. When loading was complete, the kiln was kindled at the bottom, and the fire gradually spread upwards through the charge. When burnt through, the lime was cooled and raked out through the base. Fine ash dropped out and was rejected with the "riddlings".
I thoroughly enjoyed this and appreciate your content and efforts to educate people about these sights. There is a lot of supernatural speculation floating around online about the technology behind ancient structures and Gobleki Tepe is the latest target of these pseudo archaeological theories
By the way, 50 tonnes is a massive amount of weight. I'm a journeyman Bridgeman retired, and back in the 1990s, we did a 50-ton lift, which was a big deal. The shackles alone were 2 feet tall. There were 4 of us just watching the lift on each corner. These ancient people did this with our heavy equipment, and that must have been one hell of a satisfying accomplishment, giving these people a great sense of accomplishment, then they got to relive that feeling every time the people came and, for the first time, they saw the site, and were awestruck in amazement at the sight of these unbelievably huge pillars.... the place must have been famous at the time. It is funny how its memory faded away into obscurity and was completely forgotten about until it was accidentally discovered thousands of years later, it makes one wonder what else is out there, just waiting to be discovered.
I remember hearing that the way the rubble was found, it looked like the buildings were carefully filled in when they were abandoned. Maybe this helps explain it. It was to help the pillars remain in situ and also prevented weathering from the elements.
Yeah, that is an older, earlier view but over the past 10 years, that has changed. Slope slide events likely led to their demise. Rain storms or earthquakes destabilising the domestic structures higher up. Structures/rubble/rubbish/human burials avalanched into the oval buildings.
@ well then it is a happy accident that the pillars and other objects got cover and preserved from the elements for us to see thousands of years later.
Very interesting episode as always. With regards to the monoliths (you refer to a pillars), it seems plausible that they could have been used for supporting a roof structure but not seem likely IMO given their suboptimal thin shape. Are there any primary sources for these kind of monoliths being used for supporting roof structure?
I suspect they separated the rough block from bedrock using a dozen tempered wood wedges. After a narrow recess was chipped away at the exposed bottom of the rough block, the wedges would be hammered into the recess taking care to make each wedge uniformly pushing upwards from underneath. Wood is preferred over stone wedges because they are less likely to crack the rough block. And fire tempered wood was standard technology for 100,000 years.
Thank ya' sir. Great video as always. Near the end, when you commented about the covering of the sites, you cited nature and/or people as the cause. Just curious if they've changed/relaxed their stance that it was purposefully done by humans or there's something that suggests otherwise. Thanks again.
Was watching JRE & grinding my teeth because they’re so close to knowing some of those questions they have - have already been answered or at least have a highly likely explanation. But also there’s so much more to question now than they think because of this
Thanks for making the video! I doubt that they moved the thin T-shaped pillars from the quarry. More likely they tried, but they always cracked, like the huge cracked monolith in Egypt still in the ground. After those attempts failed, I suspect they made a long wooden box, laid it flat on a waist-high dirt mound, filled it with small pieces/sand mixed with water, pressed in the artistry while it was muddy (you mentioned a wooden art piece was found in the rubble), and after it dried, remove the dirt underneath one end so that it slowly tips upright without cracking. They could use the same wooden box as a form for all the T-shaped pillars. Since they knew how to make the terazzo floor, a concrete-like mix for the pillars seems much more likely to me.
I would love to do the experimental archeology. In Surrey we have sarsens and modern saw marks can be seen. These are the same principle -soft sandstone hewn from the ground and used as standing stones. No mystery but co-operation and a healthy diet with a lot of spare time required. I wonder if the artwork on the T pillars is the hand of various artisans or one revered member of the tribe.
The "T" represents human evolution from the ground-up to a point in time now before us. To the Left will be more pain and suffering. To the Right will be Peace for one-thousand years. The Egyptian Ahnk has a circle/zero "0" on the top of the "T" representing a seperate symbol. The "0" is the beginning/end of the numbering system. It also represents the "Eye of Horus" looking down from the pyramid at Giza. ❤
Are the pillars and the enclosures from the same the period? It appears that the enclosures are not made of any quarried materials. So fantastic that you made it there in person!!
Yes, their long lost technology. I'm fascinated by the technology they developed, and equally by the fact that they lacked so many technologies, like pottery for the most part. The soft karstic limestone makes it reasonable to me now that they made all those stoneware bowls before pottery. I imagined that making those bowls would have been so labor intense before, since I didn't realize the softness of the stone when wet made it so much economical to produce all this stonework.
Gebekli Tepe and similar nearby sites in Eastern Anatolia are a definite outlier from around 9000 BCE which is also when agriculture started in three separate areas of the Fertile Crescent. These predate the Sumerian civilization by about 4000-5000 years. The video mentioned tools used to quarry the soft limestone pillars but none were shown.
Just a fantastic new video, thanks! The shape of the top of this plateau looks really artificial and the "star-like" formation the result of millennia of quarrying even before the {Mirazan?} culture began to build here? To begin quarrying was the site already exposed? How would the original settlers find usable limestone if it was buried by the kind of environment you mentioned - rainy, lots of vegetation, abundant water supply, trees, marshes, ariable level areas lower down the plateau, but the top level already exposed when the first people arrived? Were there any remnants/records of what the Greeks or Romans did at these sights? I mean, if the very first inhabitants knew how to mix ingredients to make terrazzo, how could they miss making clay pottery? A terrazzo floor seems more like it could have been later civilizations' idea to (fix) what they found, and using the hole where limestone blocks were removed to make more of the stuff, does too. Is there any info in ancient sources referencing the Greeks/Romans, or even earlier civilizations revering/maintaining/repairing these sites (as in an "Oracle", "sanctuary")? Or was everything buried long before they came along and then forgotten? There has been pottery found in the area? So, the floors, and the manufacturing of terrazzo could have been added much later if the sites had been known to them, others who were no longer carving out stone utensils/bowls, etc., but making pottery, cultivating the land lower down? Sorry if I missed some of your previous great work on examining, reporting on these astounding, mesmerizing discoveries; will replay this most recent one, so interesting and very well presented.
Then men that quarried and raised these pillars were surely considered legends of their time. Imagine the rizz you can generate with such accomplishments.
Really great video, its again amazing to see how they did all of that long time ago! Who knows , maybe they just promoted letter T (I wouldnt be suprised that someone believe in that also) 😂😂😂
The 90 ton granite boxes complete with lids found in Egypt, with glass like polished surfaces havnt been explained. The 100 ton uncut granite was moved from quarry 800 miles away over rugged terrain then moved down into underground and shaped and polished.
The depictions on the stone are not duck/goose series, even though they were called so by the first person who saw them during the excavation, but Dodo birds, which used to be found in many parts of Anatolia and in large numbers. In ancient times, Dodo birds were considered sacred. Not only in Göbeklitepe, but also in later tribes living in Anatolia, they saw the Dodo bird as sacred and protective. The Dodo bird was always present in the works of the Amazons, in the drawings of the Trojans, and in the paintings of the Etruscans. If you pay attention to the 2D figures here, there are also columns with the Dodo bird and its babies. This marks the fertility of the sacred Dodo bird. There is a strong possibility that this is one of the reasons why families without children come here. There are probably paintings or sculptures in other apartments related to the subjects requiring healing. Thus, whatever the visitor wants help with, he goes to the office and performs the ritual on that subject.
I bet if one could look underneath a lot of "classical" era temples, we'd see even older worship sites. Dig down thru the Bath Cathedral there... many interesting things.
❤please make a video on the differentsigns and art works found on these pillars. Perhaps it tells a story of some sort.❤ Or is it just simple decoration. At least we will see the kinds of animals that were part of their lives at the time. 🤔🥰
I didn’t realize that wet limestone was easier to cut. A lot of experts think the pyramids were made during a wetter time. There are upwards of 2.5 million limestone blocks in just one pyramid. It seems logical that they were built at a much wetter time in Egypt’s history. Just a thought. Any ideas?
It would be interesting to see a demonstration of how flint tools/etc could be used to work stone this way. Same as modern people do some flint-napping to make arrowheads. Are there any stone masons who know ancient/prehistoric stone working methods?
Yes, there are. I have seen a video of a stone mason working in an English cathedral (sorry I can't remember which one). He was doing preservation work. Somebody else I think did the flint knapping and he demonstrated using them. It proved to be incredibly easy and effective for him and even he was surprised by his results.
Interesting point about the carvings on the pillars being made in the quarry while the stone was soft. I could imagine teams of men from different tribes from the region coming together to write their stories and knowledge into the pillars and then transporting them to the communal space where they shared them with the other tribes. So they might have been holding the first "science" conferences :-0
I would put forward a different design for transport, wooden planks or beams more like train tracks than a series of rollers. Once upon a set of planks, and raised from the ground, a heavy object is easy to lever and ‘wiggle’ or ‘walk’. Rolling it seems far more labor intensive. Walking an object upon rail-like runs of lumber is much faster than I would have thought possible. I imagine teams of laborers, working bi-laterally, slowly and efficiently wiggling these massive works of art down the hill until their bases are in position on the bedrock. Then, tipping them, the slab could finally be raised to its height. To work the other side of the stone, I imagine them keeping it wet, because once in place those slabs would be difficult to move.
almost symbolic the round structures like the earth with the t pillars shaped like figures holding the sky or heavens up on their backs, each structure representing what they new of thier world
Presumably, the local climate and geography didnt aloow large scale trees to grow in this location, so they were forced to use limestone insteead ? If so, then wooden beams supporting the roof might also have been harder to source locally This may be a practical reason whey the pillers required a larger width at the top. I would also image they used ropes (leather or reed ?) to bind the beams to the piller tops. Having two "ears" would help, especially if the wooden beams arent very large and making planks is too difficult to do locally. Another alternative, would be that they had decided that the pillers looked like people already and the chosen design combined with the local limestone properties, so created a wider to represent the head of the piller. I agree with another poster, its likely the stone walls would have been rendered (at least in sone places) with a limestone mud paste. Its possible this could have been coloured or painted if suitably coloured mudstones could be found locally.
I also think it is likely that other equally old or older building buily out of wood beams would be possible elsewhere. I think its not an unreasonable question to ask when our ancestors were cave painting and carving in the paleolithic (evidence found in France, Spain a litte in the UK and probably elsewhere) what were they living in ? IMO its likely there there was a reasonably sophisticated socienty which certainly could have evolved to proto-neolithic farming levels similar to this culture in Turkey. We know from stone tools, there there was transport (ie probably trade) operating in the Med and across western Europe only a few thousand yeads later. It is unlikely that sophisticated building tehnology was isolated to this one area (the fertile crescent). Although Northern Europe would still have been perma-frost and mountain glacial climate, the med (both north and south coasts and into the Sahara savannah) would have a good climate for hunter-gathering based economics such as the Fertile crescent. The problem with food based buildings is that they leave little evidence behind and are very hard to find.
I find it humorous that it's still referred to as "pre-pottery" even though they've been discovering pottery at the sites!😂 I think they need to move another time-line, like they did when these sites were discovered.
After seeing it laying in the quarry the question of why the T?… A roof could be also done with a square slab, and given the fracture nature of limestone it doesn’t seem a serious structural consideration… It looks more like a hanger stop for rails.
It's weird how these hunters and gatherers have such incredible knowledge of stone excavation and carving - and yet use rubble to create their walls. Two different types of works and therefore must have been the work of two different people.
The lower end of some of these pillars seems remarkably thin. That would make them very top-heavy. And they didn’t seem to socket them into stone or the ground. The only way to keep them up would be wooden beams or … something?
10:17 Was the drenched limestone chiseling technique used elsewhere on the planet? Not heard of that before 🤔 but now that I have its peaked my curiosity. Respect from Manchester (UK) :)
Hello! I’ve had a bad cold all week so making this video has been especially hard - especially recording the audio! So thank you for watching.
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Many karst areas have lots of tannins in the water. Tannic acid breaks down limestone. The color of the pillars matches what one would expect if using a tannic acid to help work the stone. Go look at old limestone tombstones. We already know they made paints.
@@AncientArchitects ugh! Sending Healing Prayers! 🙏🏻💪🙏🏻
Thank you! Please get well soon Matt!
The way you describe the quarry characteristics and work method, we can say, “well, of course’.” Thank you, Matt.
Cheers! 👍
Well, Matt, one of the many impressive elements in your videos is your comprehensive discussion of how things were done, in this case the unfinished T pillar, and previously the unfinished Egyptian obelisk. In this instance, it can be seen that once humanity discovers something, be it pottery, stone pillars or megaliths, they learn by doing over time with repetition, modification and experimentation. Thanks for your indefatigable efforts to bring the latest discoveries of our ancient ancestors culture to your viewers.
Cheers as always 👍
@@AncientArchitects After finishing your video, something popped into my mind. One of your T-pillar closeups looked like it had a separate cross piece, but on review it was an architectural detail. Perhaps that indicates that originally the cross pieces were separate, and the design was kept in the single piece pillars.
This would be like early pottery having basketry detail or modern cornices having details that are only decorative but replicate what would have been beams in ancient structures, as you probably studied.
@@JMM33RanMA Interesting idea!
@@ian_b In a different reply post I mentioned things we use as decoration, like cornices, columns, etc, but were originally essential structural elements. Even our language preserves things. For example, Americans call a car's rear compartment a trunk. That's because in early "horseless carriages" there was a trunk strapped to the back of the vehicle. This was also a feature in some horse drawn vehicles.
@JMM33RanMA like the HP (horse power)
Thank you ancient architects. You rule. This information isn’t easily found. You give it for free. Again thank you
Thank you for continuing to record and show the new Mirazan sites (the original, local local name for the recent official government name). Mirazan means a "miracle maker". The local, childless Kurdish women give offerings at the hill, hoping for a child. The fertility myth of the hills still lingers. Mirazan is the meaningful, local name for this entire super old civilization/culture. A lot better than the silly name of Gobekli ("potbelly"), or Karahan ("black tribal chief", instead of the meaningful local name of Sederi ,”three gates”)-- given to it by the ruling government there . I hope you continue showing us more and more of the Mirazan sites as they get dug up. The name for the entire culture that created these wonderful structures around 12000 years ago is the MIRAZAN CULTURE. Then the local native names should used for individual hills and sites.
Thank you for watching and commenting
@@AncientArchitects Thank you for making and posting these. Pls use the local, native and meaningful names, at least alongside other names.
Thank you for sharing this information!
That’s very interesting and you are right. I worked in Peru for some years in archeology and at a new site we would ask the oldest inhabitants how the site was known, mostly a mountain or “”huaca” ) and that name was given to the site. Sometimes during the excavation it came clear why it had that name.
Misinformation. Kurds came to Anatolia as refugees from the Middle East during the Ottoman period. We are talking about 12,000 years ago.
Excellent !!! Such a deep dive is appreciated ❤
Thank you 🙏
I absolutely 100% love your Channel
Thank you
I think the diagrams explain it very well! And it's interesting about how they may have moved them. I've always thought it could have been the same way the monuments on Easter Island were moved into place. With ropes and several people moving them back and forth to "walk" them into place, it's less likely to break them than if they used rollers, because of the shape. Especially if they were moving them while the stone had soaked up water. I've never seen them in person, so just guessing, but it seems to make sense.
We have to start somewhere! Would be great if someone could invest in experiments.
I think of something like...many stones balls placed between several parallel wooden planks a little less tall like the balls..and slopes of well-leveled terrain...
Why not?
Everytime I see these amazing objects I'm amazed.
The amount of effort to create these pillars alongside daily life suggests that there were communities living in structures that have not survived. They couldn't have each built a pillar based accommodation in order to have somewhere to stay overnight etc. Folks must have been hunting and gathering to support the stoneworkers, and they all had to live somewhere more easily constructed in 'real' time. Your explanation of how they extracted the pillar 'blanks' from the quarries was quite informative and well explained :-)
Those living houses have very much survived, e.g. there's a whole town block's worth of them in Göbekli Tepe right next to the pillared structures. Klaus Schmidt didn't stumble upon them right away, so for some time, it was thought that there were no living quarters associated with those communal buildings, but eventually they were found, and they are extensive.
When we think of hunter-gatherers that have survived into our age, like the Hadza, San or Australian aboriginal people - they survived in the most marginal of places that were unattractive to herders and farmers until very recently.
But in the deep past, hunter-gatherers had their pick of the unimaginably lush and wildlife-rich places - not only teeming with animals but fish and birds too.
But even those hanging on in the marginal corners of the world, they only have to spend two or three hours a day hunting, foraging, making shelters or whatever.
They had PLENTY of time to go off and spend a few afternoons a week at quarrying or building.
It suggests a settlement where food was shared so people could specialise in function to the broader community.
Great stuff Matt. I have always been a big fan of ancient Egypt, but thanks to you I'm getting to understand alternative civilizations. Thanks.
Great video, Matt. That place is just amazing 🤩 Thanks for being out this information, very interesting.
It's awesome how the flat style is a result of the stones layering. I can see how a building site might present its own pillars you just stand them up right there and use the waste materials to make the tarasso and perimeter walls etc.
Thanks for sharing Matt!!! I hope you feel better soon and have a great weekend!!!
Wow, that's the first time I've seen images of the quarry !
As usual..... another excellent, informative video
Thank you
Love the museum so you can walk around them.
It’s an amazing museum. Best I’ve ever been inside (but I’m biased!)
I repeat: Chiseling out those pillars, moving them around and making Terrazzo doesn't come over night. So I expect even older structures to be discovered.
Don't forget, that at the time, humans only had 3 million years of experience of working with stone.
That's only 150,000 generations across at least three different species! :P
You saw, in the background, signs of more ancient quarrying, right?🤔😉
@@Chris.Davies
So, they were novices at this site. Maybe the Anunnaki or aliens taught them stone work some 3000 years before Göbekli Tepe as there are older sites in that area.
@@AArata63the oldest building dates to 11,500 bc . Plus the rock in this area is soft . Easily chiseled with rock hand axe. Additional study won’t happen as this site is closed to further evacuation.
@@AArata63😂
It is great how the museum has a scaled recreation.
Sometimes recreations are good, sometimes not so much. The view here was awesome! It reminded me of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston's Buddhist Temple recreation.
It is amazing. Completely changes your perspective of the Oval Buildings.
Great report on the pillars! Thank you
Another brilliant insightfull well put together video. Thank you for your prodcutions.
The construction of Göbekli Tepe's pillars showcases the ingenuity and collaborative effort of early human societies, reflecting their complex social structures and cultural expressions long before the advent of metal tools or the wheel.
I hope you recovered from your cold and thank you for the serious and professional information you give on archeological investigations. It shows once more that the transit pre pottery people to full agriculture societies were much more capable than we used to presume. They didn’t need a fleet of extraterrestrials to build it for them, they invented it all by themselves, haleluya 😅
Howdy from Wyoming! My Mother and I were talking on the airplane a couple months ago, and she likes the movies Troy and 10,000 BC, so she was asking me what humans were actually doing 10,000 years ago, and I was proud to tell her all about Göbekli Tepe, thanks mostly to you! And that King Tutankhamun was approximately contemporary with the Trojan war. And the mystery and debate around the Bronze Age Collapse. I’m obsessed with ancient megalithic architecture, and these small details analyzed tell so much more than most people realize. Thank you for your dedication! I have to shout out History for Granite as well. Best of luck, and stay well out there folks!
P.S. Have you done any experiments with water on the scale model you had made of Karahan Tepe? Thought of that model watching this video.
I think I need a larger model. But it’s a work in progress. I’ve filmed a few bits but need to improve before I can can publish anything
Merhaba. Eğer anneniz Truva hakkındaki tarihi kitapları seviyorsa, ona Vergilous'un "Aeneis" adlı kitabını alabilirsiniz. Katliamdan kurtulabilen Truvalıların kaçışını ve büyükdedelerinin ülkelerine gitmek için yaptıkları maceralı yolculuklarını anlatıyor.
we have a few interesting spots of antiquity here in Wyoming. the oldest red ochre mine, petroglyphs, mummy cave
I’ve been a viewer since you had less than 50,000 people watching I’ve learned so much about sites are already knew about and sites that I never seen before. Thank you for not being opinionated and just giving the facts.
Very cool video. Great that you had your own videos too. Keep on doing what you doing!
Thank you. Yeah, it was great to have footage!
@@AncientArchitects I'm hoping that my channel will grow and I could afford my own trips too places and film art... Great videos you have. A true inspiration.
Very interesting. Thanks for the deep dive.
Thank you
Any theories about why the pillars were specifically T-shaped and not simply rectangular? Was it a cultural feature or practical? I tend to think it was practical, because the T-shape gives you two leverage points when you want to erect the pillar. Using two poles at either side under the T you can erect the pillar bit by bit, alternating levering and rising the support for the lever. Without the T-shape this would be much harder to do
I think about this too. I was wondering if there were earlier styles before they went for the T shape, maybe just a very basic pillar or something.
It's a fascinating subject and well told story. Thanks mate
I like the work you have done with this video, detailed and informative like nothing else really. Karahantepe from bird POV kinda reminds me of them stone circle structures in South Africa, shown by mr Michael Tellinger. There is some stuff here that is a bit dodgy tho, like the unfinished T-pillar shown has different colour shade but that might be a light perspective but also looks like it was touched by amateurs lol. Other thing on the picture showing ancient people lifting a pillar, somebody drawn it really thick when in reality them pillars are very thin and crack friendly tall. But anyways video got like and geco gets ❤ thats my fav. part of Gobeklitepe, who ever carved it was a champ
Thank you, very educational. Well done. Very interesting.
I once read a book on the building of the pyramids where it was suggested that the blocks were cut from clay quarries near the Nile river that flooded the area. It was a very old book. When I studied art history we were told that water and wooden pegs were used in the cracks that were forced open by the swelling of the wooden pegs.
Awesome episode!
Thank you
4:20 - Video Starts.
In fact, whenever extremely large stones are moved, it is demonstrated that it is much easier than you think it is.
Difficulties start to be experienced at 25,000 kilograms, and at 1,000,000 kilos the operation gets very sophisticated - but still very straight forward.
Humans are great engineers. Always have been. It's what makes us human!
Fascinating 👏👏
Thank you very much! Nice job!
Thank you 🙏
New video time! More Gobekli Tepe!!
Enjoy!
@@AncientArchitects definitely did!
Thanks😊 I always enjoy your videos ❤️ I seriously don’t understand how they moved those pillars. It’s a lot easier to talk about rollers and levers than it is to overcome physics, friction and gravity😂 a lever long enough to contribute to shifting 50 ton (or even 10 ton) (maybe 10 levers per pillar?? Or more??) needs to have tensile strength so that it doesn’t snap - where would that timber come from?? And the rollers?? Have to be really hard as well, and the track for them has to be super smooth, and all the rollers have to be evenly cylindrical so they don’t pivot in different directions, and it’s best if they are basically the same diameter, and you need to balance friction of too many rollers retarding movement against instability🤦 I only shifted 200kg (about 2.5 my body weight) a concrete double laundry tub I used old fence posts as rollers and only moved it about 30m - A LOT MORE COMPLICATED THAN YOU WOULD THINK. A 50 ton (US ton) is 45 Million kg, at 200kg per person you would need 225 000 people to move it?? How would that work??
And on an incline; holding it in place so it wouldn't slip? Maneuvering it around to avoid the mined terrain.The area looks as if it could have been underwater once; or worn down by it over eons, but very few symbols/carvings on these columns except for a few wavy lines depict water - but the row of ducks?/geese is so much like Egyptian hieroglyphs, and have been discovered on carved/decorated bone fragments (tools?) in a cave in Eastern Europe dating to 7-8,000 bce... beginning to imagine/speculate what others already have, that all these earliest sites discovered so far were started by all the same people from a worldwide single pre-existing civilization (survivors of the "Flood"?) just widely dispersed (after all, besides the chosen Noah, his limited communication capabilities, there had to be other (good?) people farther away who were observant /prepared, or had access to boats/mountains/high up caves to escape the worst of natural disasters if the unending rains were actually that. (I have a suspicion those 400+yrs in Egypt provided fodder for the Bible, and the Egyptians weren't the only ones basing their creation legends on (a) floods, right?) The inscrutable Osirion in Abydos, Egypt looks older than anything else so far, and those blocks were just as large, if not larger than these pillars, but were supposed to have been moved/put in place using water/the Nile, if I remember correctly.
50 us tons are 45 thousand kilos not 45 million
how the pillars were extracted was very interesting
Amazing, wonderful, soulrefreshing
Hi Mat , limestone maybe softer to work when water logged ..
But at the same time SO MUCH HEAVIER to move , a cubic meter of water weighs a ton
Yep. Transportation methods would require some experimentation. Would be great if so much work could be funded.
I enjoy your videos more than words can say. Thank you Ancient Architects.
Hoobinoo Theory: The T-pillars at Göbekli Tepe weren’t your average roof supports. Nope, they were more like mystical guardians holding up earthy mounds, blending these ancient hangouts into the landscape like nature’s own secret bunkers. When the folks moved on, it seems the structures just said, "Well, guess we'll cover ourselves!" and caved in, filling up with dirt and staying out of sight for millennia. Maybe this was a culture that liked to keep things low-key, literally embedding themselves into the earth, eco-friendly before it was cool!
Multi-functional for sure - a functional use, decorative and spiritual!
I do think the theory of these large blocks, pillars etc. being left in the quarries for some kind of ceremonial reason, is worth inspecting. It is interesting how many times these are found in ancient quarries and they always seem to be the biggest ones.
Educational purposes only.
Over extension of abilities ……? /Damaged stone…..?
@Fuzzmo147 , yeah man, they're obviously the most rational explanations. I don't know if serious academics have ever looked into the ceremonial idea, but I think it's worth inspecting.
A simple question regarding such stones (excluding the one on Easter Island), would be - why didn't they utilise the sections of the stone that weren't damaged? Or if it was too big, why not use smaller sections?
If not ceremonial, possibly they were left to show some kind of reverence to the quarry, along the lines of "this is what happens if you try to take too much in one go", or something similar.
It does otherwise seem odd that you would do so much work and give up, rather than treating it as a head start to quarry smaller blocks from.
Cut it? I would of burned it. And you would be able to use burned pieces to be used as plaster in the floor. Because it is so readily made by heating limestone, lime must have been known from the earliest times, and all the early civilizations used it in building mortars and as a stabilizer in mud renders and floors. The common feature of early kilns was an egg-cup shaped burning chamber, with an air inlet at the base (the "eye"), constructed of brick. Limestone was crushed (often by hand) to fairly uniform 20-60 mm (1-2+1⁄2 in) lumps - fine stone was rejected. Successive dome-shaped layers of limestone and wood or coal were built up in the kiln on grate bars across the eye. When loading was complete, the kiln was kindled at the bottom, and the fire gradually spread upwards through the charge. When burnt through, the lime was cooled and raked out through the base. Fine ash dropped out and was rejected with the "riddlings".
It is truly amazing what humans can do when they have the time. Nothing but time and the stars. Thanks for the upload.
I thoroughly enjoyed this and appreciate your content and efforts to educate people about these sights. There is a lot of supernatural speculation floating around online about the technology behind ancient structures and Gobleki Tepe is the latest target of these pseudo archaeological theories
By the way, 50 tonnes is a massive amount of weight. I'm a journeyman Bridgeman retired, and back in the 1990s, we did a 50-ton lift, which was a big deal. The shackles alone were 2 feet tall. There were 4 of us just watching the lift on each corner. These ancient people did this with our heavy equipment, and that must have been one hell of a satisfying accomplishment, giving these people a great sense of accomplishment, then they got to relive that feeling every time the people came and, for the first time, they saw the site, and were awestruck in amazement at the sight of these unbelievably huge pillars.... the place must have been famous at the time. It is funny how its memory faded away into obscurity and was completely forgotten about until it was accidentally discovered thousands of years later, it makes one wonder what else is out there, just waiting to be discovered.
Great stuff, thanks Matt.
Thank you
Excellent description ,lots of information ,deep conversation ! Lots of new things come to know. I was there last year.
I remember hearing that the way the rubble was found, it looked like the buildings were carefully filled in when they were abandoned. Maybe this helps explain it. It was to help the pillars remain in situ and also prevented weathering from the elements.
Yeah, that is an older, earlier view but over the past 10 years, that has changed. Slope slide events likely led to their demise. Rain storms or earthquakes destabilising the domestic structures higher up. Structures/rubble/rubbish/human burials avalanched into the oval buildings.
@ well then it is a happy accident that the pillars and other objects got cover and preserved from the elements for us to see thousands of years later.
❤thank you Matt 👋🏼
Thanks!!
Fascinating,thanks Matt ;)
They discovery’s make me think 20,000 years back isn’t to far to think of some organized human civilization.maybe older than pre Egyptian peoples
yeh b´still i really can´t talk about it sorry its too fresh
Very interesting episode as always. With regards to the monoliths (you refer to a pillars), it seems plausible that they could have been used for supporting a roof structure but not seem likely IMO given their suboptimal thin shape. Are there any primary sources for these kind of monoliths being used for supporting roof structure?
There isn’t a lot. Here’s a good starting point (I think from memory) www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/10.1086/661207
I suspect they separated the rough block from bedrock using a dozen tempered wood wedges. After a narrow recess was chipped away at the exposed bottom of the rough block, the wedges would be hammered into the recess taking care to make each wedge uniformly pushing upwards from underneath. Wood is preferred over stone wedges because they are less likely to crack the rough block. And fire tempered wood was standard technology for 100,000 years.
Makes sense! Cheers
Today was a sad day, my grandma passed away. It helps make me happy to see your videos. Thank you for perfect timing!
Sorry to hear of your loss 😞
Hang in there, friend ❤
You’ll see her soon
I’ll bet she’d be happy to hear this.
Civilization has started around Göbekli Tepe region
Thank ya' sir. Great video as always. Near the end, when you commented about the covering of the sites, you cited nature and/or people as the cause. Just curious if they've changed/relaxed their stance that it was purposefully done by humans or there's something that suggests otherwise. Thanks again.
In another video Matt explains the nature reason. It's not believed to have been done deliberately afaik.
@PatchouliPenny Thank you. Found the old video. Went back and watched it. Makes much more sense. Your response and help are appreciated.
Was watching JRE & grinding my teeth because they’re so close to knowing some of those questions they have - have already been answered or at least have a highly likely explanation.
But also there’s so much more to question now than they think because of this
Excellent video Matt, thanks.
Awesome! 👍
Thanks for making the video! I doubt that they moved the thin T-shaped pillars from the quarry. More likely they tried, but they always cracked, like the huge cracked monolith in Egypt still in the ground. After those attempts failed, I suspect they made a long wooden box, laid it flat on a waist-high dirt mound, filled it with small pieces/sand mixed with water, pressed in the artistry while it was muddy (you mentioned a wooden art piece was found in the rubble), and after it dried, remove the dirt underneath one end so that it slowly tips upright without cracking. They could use the same wooden box as a form for all the T-shaped pillars. Since they knew how to make the terazzo floor, a concrete-like mix for the pillars seems much more likely to me.
I would love to do the experimental archeology. In Surrey we have sarsens and modern saw marks can be seen. These are the same principle -soft sandstone hewn from the ground and used as standing stones. No mystery but co-operation and a healthy diet with a lot of spare time required. I wonder if the artwork on the T pillars is the hand of various artisans or one revered member of the tribe.
One can also compare the condition of the site that was covered, to the exposed site of the quarry. The rate of decay could tell us something
The "T" represents human evolution from the ground-up to a point in time now before us. To the Left will be more pain and suffering. To the Right will be Peace for one-thousand years. The Egyptian Ahnk has a circle/zero "0" on the top of the "T" representing a seperate symbol. The "0" is the beginning/end of the numbering system. It also represents the "Eye of Horus" looking down from the pyramid at Giza. ❤
So glad you got to go
seen the title and my first thought was "oh shit!" lol, thank you !
Great Video 👍🏽
Are the pillars and the enclosures from the same the period?
It appears that the enclosures are not made of any quarried materials.
So fantastic that you made it there in person!!
Great vid, thanks for the info!
I bet they would cut it while it was raining, wait a month for it to dry out, and then move it when the sun was shining.
it'd be lighter too
Yes, their long lost technology. I'm fascinated by the technology they developed, and equally by the fact that they lacked so many technologies, like pottery for the most part. The soft karstic limestone makes it reasonable to me now that they made all those stoneware bowls before pottery. I imagined that making those bowls would have been so labor intense before, since I didn't realize the softness of the stone when wet made it so much economical to produce all this stonework.
Gebekli Tepe and similar nearby sites in Eastern Anatolia are a definite outlier from around 9000 BCE which is also when agriculture started in three separate areas of the Fertile Crescent. These predate the Sumerian civilization by about 4000-5000 years. The video mentioned tools used to quarry the soft limestone pillars but none were shown.
No aliens???
Sadly not 😂
The aliens were just watching 👀
Maybe the pillars were put over the buried aliens to keep them from digging back out. 😉
Ancient Alien Theorists 👽 say YES! roflol 🤣 🤣 🤣 🤣 🤣 NOT!
Just a fantastic new video, thanks! The shape of the top of this plateau looks really artificial and the "star-like" formation the result of millennia of quarrying even before the {Mirazan?} culture began to build here? To begin quarrying was the site already exposed? How would the original settlers find usable limestone if it was buried by the kind of environment you mentioned - rainy, lots of vegetation, abundant water supply, trees, marshes, ariable level areas lower down the plateau, but the top level already exposed when the first people arrived?
Were there any remnants/records of what the Greeks or Romans did at these sights? I mean, if the very first inhabitants knew how to mix ingredients to make terrazzo, how could they miss making clay pottery? A terrazzo floor seems more like it could have been later civilizations' idea to (fix) what they found, and using the hole where limestone blocks were removed to make more of the stuff, does too. Is there any info in ancient sources referencing the Greeks/Romans, or even earlier civilizations revering/maintaining/repairing these sites (as in an "Oracle", "sanctuary")? Or was everything buried long before they came along and then forgotten? There has been pottery found in the area? So, the floors, and the manufacturing of terrazzo could have been added much later if the sites had been known to them, others who were no longer carving out stone utensils/bowls, etc., but making pottery, cultivating the land lower down? Sorry if I missed some of your previous great work on examining, reporting on these astounding, mesmerizing discoveries; will replay this most recent one, so interesting and very well presented.
So much to digest there! I’ve screenshotted your comment to read when the kids have gone to bed! Cheers
@@AncientArchitects🙋
Then men that quarried and raised these pillars were surely considered legends of their time. Imagine the rizz you can generate with such accomplishments.
Really great video, its again amazing to see how they did all of that long time ago! Who knows , maybe they just promoted letter T (I wouldnt be suprised that someone believe in that also) 😂😂😂
😂
T for Tepe! 😂
The 90 ton granite boxes complete with lids found in Egypt, with glass like polished surfaces havnt been explained. The 100 ton uncut granite was moved from quarry 800 miles away over rugged terrain then moved down into underground and shaped and polished.
We raise our hats to the pioneering engineers of the Neolithic!
The depictions on the stone are not duck/goose series, even though they were called so by the first person who saw them during the excavation, but Dodo birds, which used to be found in many parts of Anatolia and in large numbers. In ancient times, Dodo birds were considered sacred. Not only in Göbeklitepe, but also in later tribes living in Anatolia, they saw the Dodo bird as sacred and protective. The Dodo bird was always present in the works of the Amazons, in the drawings of the Trojans, and in the paintings of the Etruscans. If you pay attention to the 2D figures here, there are also columns with the Dodo bird and its babies. This marks the fertility of the sacred Dodo bird. There is a strong possibility that this is one of the reasons why families without children come here.
There are probably paintings or sculptures in other apartments related to the subjects requiring healing. Thus, whatever the visitor wants help with, he goes to the office and performs the ritual on that subject.
I bet if one could look underneath a lot of "classical" era temples, we'd see even older worship sites. Dig down thru the Bath Cathedral there... many interesting things.
❤please make a video on the differentsigns and art works found on these pillars. Perhaps it tells a story of some sort.❤ Or is it just simple decoration. At least we will see the kinds of animals that were part of their lives at the time. 🤔🥰
Look through his videos. He has done a few on that subject, sometimes with theories changing as more is discovered.
I didn’t realize that wet limestone was easier to cut. A lot of experts think the pyramids were made during a wetter time. There are upwards of 2.5 million limestone blocks in just one pyramid. It seems logical that they were built at a much wetter time in Egypt’s history. Just a thought. Any ideas?
lol ... i love people with extravaganda imagination to fit a unique theory ...please continue to develope this is fascinating
This just all makes sense and is logical in my opinion 👍
Thanks for the video, I was wondering why you didn't take a video of the olive tree orchards they planted lol. Thanks again
great video
It would be interesting to see a demonstration of how flint tools/etc could be used to work stone this way.
Same as modern people do some flint-napping to make arrowheads.
Are there any stone masons who know ancient/prehistoric stone working methods?
Yes, there are. I have seen a video of a stone mason working in an English cathedral (sorry I can't remember which one). He was doing preservation work. Somebody else I think did the flint knapping and he demonstrated using them. It proved to be incredibly easy and effective for him and even he was surprised by his results.
And then over time, Moas with hats
Interesting point about the carvings on the pillars being made in the quarry while the stone was soft. I could imagine teams of men from different tribes from the region coming together to write their stories and knowledge into the pillars and then transporting them to the communal space where they shared them with the other tribes. So they might have been holding the first "science" conferences :-0
I would put forward a different design for transport, wooden planks or beams more like train tracks than a series of rollers. Once upon a set of planks, and raised from the ground, a heavy object is easy to lever and ‘wiggle’ or ‘walk’. Rolling it seems far more labor intensive. Walking an object upon rail-like runs of lumber is much faster than I would have thought possible. I imagine teams of laborers, working bi-laterally, slowly and efficiently wiggling these massive works of art down the hill until their bases are in position on the bedrock. Then, tipping them, the slab could finally be raised to its height. To work the other side of the stone, I imagine them keeping it wet, because once in place those slabs would be difficult to move.
almost symbolic the round structures like the earth with the t pillars shaped like figures holding the sky or heavens up on their backs, each structure representing what they new of thier world
Presumably, the local climate and geography didnt aloow large scale trees to grow in this location, so they were forced to use limestone insteead ? If so, then wooden beams supporting the roof might also have been harder to source locally This may be a practical reason whey the pillers required a larger width at the top. I would also image they used ropes (leather or reed ?) to bind the beams to the piller tops. Having two "ears" would help, especially if the wooden beams arent very large and making planks is too difficult to do locally.
Another alternative, would be that they had decided that the pillers looked like people already and the chosen design combined with the local limestone properties, so created a wider to represent the head of the piller.
I agree with another poster, its likely the stone walls would have been rendered (at least in sone places) with a limestone mud paste. Its possible this could have been coloured or painted if suitably coloured mudstones could be found locally.
I also think it is likely that other equally old or older building buily out of wood beams would be possible elsewhere. I think its not an unreasonable question to ask when our ancestors were cave painting and carving in the paleolithic (evidence found in France, Spain a litte in the UK and probably elsewhere) what were they living in ? IMO its likely there there was a reasonably sophisticated socienty which certainly could have evolved to proto-neolithic farming levels similar to this culture in Turkey.
We know from stone tools, there there was transport (ie probably trade) operating in the Med and across western Europe only a few thousand yeads later. It is unlikely that sophisticated building tehnology was isolated to this one area (the fertile crescent). Although Northern Europe would still have been perma-frost and mountain glacial climate, the med (both north and south coasts and into the Sahara savannah) would have a good climate for hunter-gathering based economics such as the Fertile crescent. The problem with food based buildings is that they leave little evidence behind and are very hard to find.
The most amazing thing is that the hands on the pilars are exactly the same as the hands on the moaïs of easter island...
Similar… slender-looking, although I think the Moai hands are longer and more exaggerated.
I find it humorous that it's still referred to as "pre-pottery" even though they've been discovering pottery at the sites!😂 I think they need to move another time-line, like they did when these sites were discovered.
After seeing it laying in the quarry the question of why the T?… A roof could be also done with a square slab, and given the fracture nature of limestone it doesn’t seem a serious structural consideration… It looks more like a hanger stop for rails.
It's weird how these hunters and gatherers have such incredible knowledge of stone excavation and carving - and yet use rubble to create their walls. Two different types of works and therefore must have been the work of two different people.
Hello Matt😊
Hi Nancy!
The lower end of some of these pillars seems remarkably thin. That would make them very top-heavy. And they didn’t seem to socket them into stone or the ground. The only way to keep them up would be wooden beams or … something?
10:17 Was the drenched limestone chiseling technique used elsewhere on the planet? Not heard of that before 🤔 but now that I have its peaked my curiosity. Respect from Manchester (UK) :)
I.e. every single ancient site using limestone at this time.....derrrrr obvs :)
Every Settlement has a Grave Site; when one is discovered, it will add more details to the culture.