How to prove a cubic equation has exactly one root on an interval (IVT, Contradiction, Rolle's Thm)

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 22 ธ.ค. 2024

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  • @Ninja20704
    @Ninja20704 หลายเดือนก่อน +19

    It would have been helpful to at least state the Rolle’s theorem.
    For those who don’t know, the theorem states that if a function f is continuous on [p,q], differentiable on (p,q) and f(p)=f(q) (need not be 0), then there exists r in (p,q) such that f’(r)=0
    Here we are using [a,b] as our interval, which is a sub-interval of [-2,2] so the continuity and differentiability requirements still hold for [a,b].
    Good video nontheless

    • @LuisFernando-wm5rg
      @LuisFernando-wm5rg หลายเดือนก่อน

      Thx!

    • @dan-florinchereches4892
      @dan-florinchereches4892 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      I don't think Rollers theorem itself will be very useful but the consequences:
      A) between 2 consecutive roots of f(X)=0 there will be at least one c such that f'(c)=0 between them
      B) between two consecutive roots of f'(X)=0 there will be at most 1 root of f(X)=0
      Or we could use the consequences of theorem of Laplace stating that if f'(X)

  • @ghstmn7320
    @ghstmn7320 หลายเดือนก่อน +4

    you can also do it using monotony after IVT. f is differentiable as a polynomial function in the interval [-2,2] with a derivaive f'(x)=3x^2 -15. After simple computation its proven that f'(x)

    • @dlevi67
      @dlevi67 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      That (your first reasoning line - it's continuous and strictly decreasing, thus it has no other zero by IVT) is how I approached it too.

  • @chaosredefined3834
    @chaosredefined3834 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    By IVT, we can also show that there is at least one root between -15 and -2. And we can also show that there is at least one root between 2 and 15. Since it's a cubic, by the fundamental theorem of algebra, it has at most 3 real roots. Well, we have 3 real roots. One between -15 and -2, one between -2 and 2, and one between 2 and 15. Thus, there can be no more roots, including in those ranges. So, there is exactly one root in each of those ranges, and thus exactly one root between -2 and 2.

  • @ianfowler9340
    @ianfowler9340 หลายเดือนก่อน +8

    After showing there is at least one root in the interval [2,2], I think it is sufficient to show that there are no local max/min in [2,2] as that prevents any more roots. It's a similar argument but easier to present. Am I missing something?

    • @dlevi67
      @dlevi67 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Don't know - possibly Steve wanted to use Rolle's theorem to show a use case.

    • @bprpcalculusbasics
      @bprpcalculusbasics  หลายเดือนก่อน +3

      I think showing there are no local min/max on [-2, 2] is equivalent to what I did. The reason that I used the Rolle's theorem is because that's just the book's way.... (Single Variable Calculus, by Stewart, sect 4.2) I know it's not the best reason, haha.

  • @henrymarkson3758
    @henrymarkson3758 หลายเดือนก่อน +5

    Isn't the IVT and f'(x)

    • @ianfowler9340
      @ianfowler9340 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      I think so.

    • @Grecks75
      @Grecks75 หลายเดือนก่อน +2

      Yes, it is sufficient. And bprp effectively used that in his proof by contradiction by showing that f'(x) < 0 on the interval (-2, 2). Since the function f is strictly decreasing on this interval, it cannot have more than one zero in it.

  • @christoskettenis880
    @christoskettenis880 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    This method is widely used in the Year 12 elective mathematics course in Cyprus. Here's a link to a video of mine using the exact same technique: th-cam.com/video/eFtM8_wLpwc/w-d-xo.html
    Use generated-subs as the video is in Greek

    • @dan-florinchereches4892
      @dan-florinchereches4892 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Hi there. Kind of unrelated to the post but I am visiting Paphos is there something nice I shouldn't miss while I am here.
      Kind regards

  • @Albaraa
    @Albaraa หลายเดือนก่อน

    Hey what’s square root of y(x) = x^2
    Calculate that then use x=3

  • @chinnadurai7485
    @chinnadurai7485 11 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Sir why 1+2+3+4+...... has a value of -1

  • @mr_angry_kiddo2560
    @mr_angry_kiddo2560 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    What is limit of ((x-2)(x-3)/(x-4)(x-5)) as x tends to 5.
    Answer:zero(0) .
    I need mathematical proof 😢

    • @Neun_owo
      @Neun_owo หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      The answer shouldn't be 0, as the limit doesn't exist!
      For a formal proof, we'll have to use Epsilon-Delta proof. but for the sake of simplicity, lets just say that the limit doesn't exist because when x tends to 5 either from left or right side. (x-5) in the denominator becomes incredibly small, so the function shoots up to infinity as it is trying to divide by a very small number. Thus the limit doesn't exist as x tends to 5.

    • @michaelfaccone5811
      @michaelfaccone5811 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      ​@@Neun_owoone small correction, though I agree with your result. The limit as x approaches 5 from the left is actually negative infinity. The limit approaching from the right, as you said, is positive infinity. Since the two limits are different, then as you said the overall limit does not exist.

    • @Neun_owo
      @Neun_owo หลายเดือนก่อน

      @@michaelfaccone5811 Ty for the correction!

    • @dlevi67
      @dlevi67 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Is the denominator just (x-4), i.e. the fraction is (x-3)/(x-4), or is the denominator (x-4)(x-5)?
      If the latter, then the two responses above are correct; the denominator will go to zero as x -> 5. However, I think your exercise has only (x-4) in the denominator, which means you have three factors in the expression:
      (x-2),
      (x-3)/(x-4)
      (x-5)
      for the limit to be zero, one of those three has to -> 0 for x -> 5 and the other factors need to exist in the same neighbourhood. You can easily demonstrate (with ε-Δ if rigorous proof is required; by inspection and noting that all monomials are continuous and differentiable in R if a less formal proof is adequate) that (x-5) -> 0 if x -> 5, and all the other factors tend to a finite value, thus their product (i.e. the whole expression) tends to 0.

  • @reakreaksf2
    @reakreaksf2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Excuse me teacher! How many Chanels do you have I would like to subscribe to them all.😁

  • @amoghopprasad8286
    @amoghopprasad8286 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

    what if lets say the intervals are different numbers and not have the same absoulte value

  • @ziplock007
    @ziplock007 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Dumb question: why not just solve for the roots using the cubic equations and showing there's only one between the interval????

  • @reakreaksf2
    @reakreaksf2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Excuse me teacher! How many Chanels do you have I would like to subscribe to them all.😁