Every single topic covered neglected to show how the graphene worked structurally or functionally. I don't think whoever wrote this understood it. It was like a sales brochure dumbed down to the lowest level. I'll have to go elsewhere for any real understanding, but the topic itself sounds facsinating.
They did explain how strong the Graphene is compared to steel. They also described its weakness when bent into other directions. As long as they can solve this problem. It should be Ground Breaking all the applications. Heck if we can just get our roads to last longer. It will save America Alone Probably 10 Billion a year from what we currently have going on in constant repairers.
Very nice posting about Graphene's increased use in industry. One KEY item missing was any mention of the COST associated with making graphene in the volumes required for use in bulk construction materials, like concrete and asphalt.
@@1999colebug Unless his/her personal experience identifies cost as a prime issue, or there is an engineering course on it (there wasn't when I was studying engineering in college), even seniors may be clueless. To highlight how bad it can get, a company I once worked at hired a PhD in mechanical engineering, fresh out of college. For one product, he spent a long time designing HIS OWN BOLT for an application! I told him: 1) It would be prohibitively expensive in terms of his time designing, time arranging/contracting a shop to build them, as well as the per unit price for low volumes. 2) There are commercial manufacturers from whom he could select from a range of bolts perfectly suited to his needs, and handed him an Unbrako catalog of bolts. His expression resembled Homer Simpson...."D O H"! 3) The catalog's bolts specifications were CERTIFIED, whereas his custom would not be without major added expense and time in testing. (We needed this for liability purposes, as failure could be life threatening)
That's wild. A PhD didn't know that, wow. @@gregparrott it took me till my 7/9 semester in college to learn how to use ASME / catalogs / industry tools and incorporate them into my designs. Iirc I was primed on using catalog parts from the beginning as HW questions would say "using xyz bolt from ABC company with 123 specs." They just never out right said to use prefab stuff.
@@1999colebug It dates me but the experience I recounted occurred in the early '80s. Hopefully, that shortfall has long been addressed in college curricula.
@@architecture_A51 Leaving this key element out on purpose makes sense. Including it would date the video almost instantly. When graphene was first made, there wouldn't have been enough money in the world to pay for its use in even a small engineering project. As it becomes more widely used, expect the price to continue on a downward trend as new cheaper ways of making it are discovered.
Some of the biggest problems with concrete are spalling and water infiltration due to thermal cycles. Over time, this leads to rusting rebars and severe risk of structural failure. If graphene can help solve these problems then the product will have a great future, especially in outdoor structures like roads and viaducts.
that is the problem we have in Montana most bridges start failing within 20 years, and if you are in montana look under your closest 20 year old bridge
Cement is 50% calcium. Western and Eastern Roman Concrete, if pozzalana is not available, uses an equal volume of powdered fired brick or tile or pots to replace pozzalana with an equal volume of slaked lime (100% calcium) and an equal volume of sand. This creates a water proof water (1 part slaked lime + 1 part powdered fired brick + 1 part river sand) to build their aqueducts, pipes, canals, baths, pools, etc. Since cement is 50% calcium, then I suggest for every 1 bag of cement used (and cement is 50% calcium and 50% clay fired into clinkers and milled into powdered portland cement) one must add half a bag of powdered fired brick as fine as the cement itself. The silica in the powdered fired brick will "REACT" with the calcium in the cement and cause it to become waterproof. The solution has been facing you westerners for more than a century and you ignored it!
we used to make asbestos concrete, with all that asbestos safely tucked away inside the concrete were it cant hurt anyone. Abestos concrete will last in full weather, until the sun goes nova.
@@Rivenburg-xd5yf Thats great until repairs need to be made that require cutting or breaking the concrete which will expose the workers to fine asbestos fibers and is probably the #1 reason it is not done anymore.
Will Graphene become the new Asbestos? If the particles are that small, how can you keep it out of workers lungs? It would go right through any mask. Also, won't there be Graphene particles expressed into the air over time as wear and tear works on the concrete? And how would that affect our health?
These are good questions. Hopefully it will be formed into larger objects before we see it used in construction, like those pellets they used in the asphalt. But, they have to make those pellets somewhere.
@@alphagt62 It'll end up similar to the reinforcing fibers added to the mix to take the place of wire mesh. The only difference between commercial and residential was commercial fibers were longer and more of them. One bag per yard of mix. OR more than likely it'll be like basic slag and go in with the powder, so much per yard and THAT will probably be the way as to be measured for yardage and different strength too. Another silo!
Errors and omissions! The resurfacing of the AI in the COUNTY of Northumberland did NOT involve Gipave (which had been trialled previously in Kent). The Graphene used in the A1 was provided by leading U.K. producer Versarien plc. Versarien’s Graphene was also the stuff used in the pouring of the gym floor in the TOWN of Amesbury and the firm is partnered with the 3D printing firm in the Printfrastructure process. Otherwise an excellent video, many thanks!
Northumberland is a stunning county, great villages and pubs and is good for walks and hiking either through forest or a wood or up a hill 👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼💪🏼👍🏼👍🏼
3:50 That's very unlikely to be a British road. They have some problems with potholes, but they aren't that bad! Since he's talking about a road in GB he should probably be talking about the "road" not the "pavement" as that's where pedestrians walk. Altogether so many errors that I have no confidence in the video.
Graphene already has improved auto detailing in the form of auto paint wax. It’s a better protective coating and it takes less effort to apply and buff out, big win!
The best wax holds up well. Think the ones they use on jetliners. And obviously makes them fly better, move swiftly cutting through moisture and ozone barriers.
Graphene would be a alternative to Ferro Cement in the boat building industry. The claims of waterproofing and flexibility make the graphene ship or yacht an interesting possibility.
I built a Ferro-Cement back in the 70's and sailed her 50 thousand or so blue water miles....I'm not sure that there is an actual need for anything stronger for that use. The boat is still doing well, somewhere in Mexico, I hear. Ferro-cement was an inexpensive way to build back then, I had only $3,500 in the hull deck and cabin....but costs went to the moon in the late 70's and being as how ever fiberglass boat ever made is still in service unless it was sunk...it is MUCH cheaper to buy a cruizing boat than build one....without the 5 year build part...though frankly, the boatyard was the best part of my 20 years with boats. -Veteran '66-68
Graphene embedded in other matrials is interesting but with ramifications. So, for instance asphalt is one of the highest maintenance but also most recycled building material in existence. It's conceivable how graphene might affect stiffness and strength, but how does it affect recycling? And, when used with concrete, from the description appears to be a substitute for rebar. Is that the limits or best use of graphene? Is it more effective as a mat layer instead of filament strings as described in the video? And again, what are the consequences for recycling when the graphene and concrete need to be demolished? One day, if it becomes possible to shape graphene, it will be interesting if it can be used to replace steel, aluminum and even composites in aircraft. Imagine an aircraft with skin on a molecule or a few molecules thick. And internal structures and struts also possibly composed of tubes of graphene sheets a few molecules thck. For now though, it's my understanding that once created typically as a sheet is brittle and unmalleable. It would seem that graphne must be applied to a fixed shape from the beginning which greatly complicates the manufacturing process.
@@patgarrett3746 I guess a few questions would be: Are the plastic granules thermoplastic? If so, what is their melting point relative to that of asphalt? If not, how thermally stable is the plastic at the melting temperature of asphalt?
Some of this could happen, but it sounds pretty speculative at this point. In the 80s we were told that fine ceramics would be used to make all auto engines because they wouldn't need a cooling system. And that bubble memory would revolutionize computer memory. Neither of those happened, perhaps due to technical problems or simply cost. I'd rather see an application that is actually working. If that road surface layering with graphene actually works and is financially feasible, great. Since reinforced concrete can crack if not maintained and/or cause failure in fires, finding something better would be great ... if it works and if it is affordable.
TBH the idea of using it in concrete is completely bonkers. Concrete is cheap, can be produced with small unsophisticated factories, and reliable. However cheap these nanosheets may be, its not cheap enough.
Isn't bubble memory just an older term for computer memory that is not dependent on a constant power supply? If I'm not mistaken we call this technology a "hard drive" and it absolutely revolutionized computers.
That's how most technology is. I've seen tons of videos and upcoming technology that seemed promising. Some make it, most don't. These kinds of videos though do server to hype up these kinds of technologies to increase the chance they succeed. However, I expect, it is still less likely that it makes it, as that's the nature of most emerging tech.
Graphene Reinforced Concrete certainly is a novel idea. On the surface, it seems as though it would extent the life of a road for quite some time. However, upon further analysis, given the nature of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets, because they remain 2-dimentional the only strength that added is that of damage from the from the compression of the vehicles traveling on the Graphene Reinforces Concreate. It is also believed to add a measure of water resistance, the is the worst enemy of all roads. Graphene Oxide Nanosheet Infused roads would also be measurably lighter, therefore making bridges, overpasses, on ramps, and other transitions additions to road less labor intensive, therefore less costly to construct. Also, nearly all Fractural Strengths are inconclusive as to whether the addition Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. In facts, it varies so wildly, Scientifically, Peer Reviewed Study had been conducted that met the criteria for certainty that there was an increase Fractural Strength. Equally valid Scientific Studies have shown nominal increase in Fractural Strength, while have shown as much as a 15% increase in Fractural Strength. I like in the Silicon Valley, so Earthquake country. For this region, the must be absolute certainty that there is a statistically significant increase in both Compression Strength and Fractural Strength, so for Graphene Oxide Nanosheet infused Concrete is worth the investment where we have to ALWAYS seriously keep in mind those roads, overpasses, exits, flyovers, etc. that unequivocally must stand up to a minimum of a 7.5 Earthquake. The most obvious flaw with using Graphene Oxide Nanosheets screams out in it name. They are sheets. They are 2-Dimentional. So by definition they can only add structural integrity on one plane. It is also not very flexible at all, in fact, if torque is applied, it does not take very much to shatter the structural integrity of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. A far better a significantly more cost-effective alternative to Graphene Oxide Nanosheets is a technology already being used in roads: Carbon Nanotubes. Carbon Nanotubes form helixes that tend to form long tubes. As these tubes are 3-dimentional, they can resist torque on any plane applied by an Earthquake. While Carbon Nanotubes are significantly more resilient, they remain, significantly more expensive, and there, at this moment in time, cost prohibitive for mass use in roads. But manufactures are bringing production cost by factors of 10 about every 2 years. So, within 5-10 years Carbon Nanotubes become, far and away the best solution.
@@colingenge9999 look, I was 1/2 asleep when I wrote it, at least 8 people understood it well enough. Perhaps you don’t have the requisite knowledge base for the salient facts to connect. There is no shame in not understanding things you’ve never heard of before. What did you find confusing? I would be happy to fill in the blanks.
@@donbrunodelamancha1927 I understood it fine, and I'm an English teacher. To me the internet is full of typographical errors and bad grammar, but this was fine, and it had lots of good info.
It appears based on the information I just listened to that a new method for concrete uses and road building aspects that this product will be a big - very big game changer
Just want to point out that Northumberland isn't a town, it's a County that stretches from just outside Newcastle-upon-Tyne to the Scottish border about 65 miles away. It would be interesting to see how the trials with adding it to Tarmac have progressed in the region and how far they've come adding it as a filament in printed concrete.
I thought the Italians had installed a graphene enhanced road surface some t me ago. Maybe they have some initial results. The problem is assessing long term benefits in the short term!
They didn't create graphene. Your pencil lead is made of graphite which is layers of graphene. The scientists peeled off a few layers with scotch tape. The problem is mass producing graphene is damn hard.
I don't think graphene is going to beat mother nature and frost heaves. That is the main reason roads deteriorate so fast and we get pot holes etc. in cooler climates with freezing temperatures. The correct way to build a road is very expensive you need to dig down below the frost line and get all the boulders and rocks out then lay a good base. This is usually reserved for freeways.
Limitation for graphene was it's high flammability. The problem with high flammability got solved in 2017 by University of Arkansas researchers that discovered a simple and scalable method for turning graphene oxide into a non-flammable and paper-like graphene membrane that can be used in large-scale production. Maybe, another Nobel prize is in the making.
you neglected to mention that it was the cost of production that stifled graphene's integration into existing technologies... when it was first invented, there was no way to mass produce it, and the first mass production method came less than a decade ago, but was still expensive. increased availability has cut production cost, but it won't be until the trial programs are completed and the data examined before any real integration begins.
There are USA suppliers with >100MTs of production. It's not massive millions like the petrochemical industry but there are scalable processes that exist today
Great video! I see this a lot in 3D printed concrete because it needs to have some really unique properties. I travel the world to film 3D printed buildings so I encounter this quite a bit.
My career was in the concrete, asphalt, sand & gravel industry and over the years there's been multiple ideas to cut costs and improve results, from re-using asphalt shingles to 'crumb rubber' to the tried and true fibermesh. While making concrete stronger, lighter, cheaper and cement production more environmentally friendly is always the goal, there's little reason to build skyscrapers 'to the moon' other than for some engineers to brag about it. Not many people want to live 140+ stories off the ground.
I don't think that is true, that people don't want to live .....high. check the commercial and residential rental rates on skyscrapers, on a per square foot basis per elevation...higher is desirable.
28DEC2021 - 40+ years in construction. We had high hopes for fiberglass entraining. It was OK, to a point, but didn't meet the initially claiming expectations in the long run. Graphene will have to jump through some hoops before it gets the approval everyone is hoping for. That could take a while.
When they figure out the health risks it will probably become the next asbestos. Monitoring and expensive abatement and disposal are certainly in its future! 😬
Yes, when it comes to building things that last 20+ years, technology adoption is slow. All the testing in a lab in a year, can never duplicate 20 years of the real world.
With graphene's conductive / semi conductive properties, the possibilities of making programmable conical graphene nanotubes, the potential is almost limitless.
Graphene circuit paths are now being "Grown" on to substrates... Meaning expensive toxic fabs are OBSOLETE. In your lifetime you might own a machine that will 3D or 4D print graphene circuit ICs, and more. It will sit right next to your HP desk top printer.
6:30 "...what do you think of this...": I think you've missed two obvious points: (1) Use "chopped" graphene from sheets (ala OSB) for greater tensile strengths...better than pellets. And (2) the biggest problem with rebar reinforcement is oxidation. Graphene doesn't oxidize, lose strength, and lose bonding with the cement.
Yeah, as a civil engineer, I imagine this technology is going to take its time being applied in most construction projects... The low bidder on city projects is not going to go this route unless it is specifically designed to be this way, and even then, how many bidders are going to try and take that risk? It'll be awhile, until it's proven to be easy and efficient to construct... Not to mention cost effective
I Agree With Your Sentiment. The Key To Graphenes Future Is Reducing Its Cost And Adequate Supply. One Thing They Didn't Mention Is Concretenes Cure Time. Apparently It Can Be Built On Within 24 Hours. That Is Where I Think The Most Cost Savings Will Come From. Plant Will No Longer Stand Idle While The Concrete Hardens To Full Strength 👍
A couple of inaccuracies: Northumberland is not a city - it's a county (for non-british viewers, in the UK that's half-way between a US county and a US state). The A1 road shown on the map is at the wrong end of England - if it's in Northumberland then it is at the Northern end.
Everything devolves into how much it would cost to get measurable improvement in the strength of concrete by addition of graphene. It seems graphene is still prohibitively expensive to produce in bulk. Altho graphene is only 2 dimensional, random orientation of the fibers might increase not only the tensile but also the bending strength as in fiberglass reinforced substrates.
From the testing we have carried out with graphene enhanced concrete we can reduce cement content by 20% and get the same strength. The economics works for many applications.
They don't. Once mixed in concrete, they became part of it. On the contrary to the asbestos, which maintain the fibre integrity and doesn't link with the matrix, graphene act as nucleation point for the hydration products and ends for being part of the concrete gel.
@@sirrathersplendid4825 They certainly painted. I've seen that in the recovered ruins in Pompeii. However, I haven't seen where cement was poured and someone did something to it while it was wet. Name, "Nero has nose hair," something obviously not supposed to be there.
If used in roadway construction, has anyone studied the effects of Graphene particles in human lungs? Every vehicle that drives over the graphene asphalt will be releasing micro particles into the air. Remember when auto brake pads were made of asbestos?
ehh idk about that, but i do remember a study where they subjected insects to large quantities of micro graphene, spiders were shown to incorporate it into their silk after eating rediculus quantities (amounts the researcher initially thought would kill them)
Gotta say that's one of my thoughts as well, is graphine the material with wonder properties like asbestos has that we don't find out until later "whoops we shouldn't have this all throughout our houses!" or does it become the wonder material like plastic where some time later "uh oh, because it doesn't break down too fast it ends up in every living things on Earth"
This would be helpful to 3D printing of houses since they are not capable of including rebar. With graphene added to the concrete, maybe it can pass building codes .
It would be amazing to come up with a product that withstands sun, rain, snow, and excessive high impact use such as big rigs cause. I know here in Southern California 3/4's of the major highways, as well as city roads, are constantly riddled with crumbling roadways and road construction.
Graphene Reinforced Concrete appears to be highly electrically conductive , could perhaps attract lightning if used in a building ? May not be a problem , just a factor to consider .
Not especially. Any tall building would have a system for directing lightning to earth through a shielded conductor, and whatever the increase in conductivity might be, it won't come close to copper or aluminum.
I don't know. I haven't heard much about some super-thin material allowing us to make ridiculously compact batteries and this was...at least a coupla years ago. And the way they talked it up; you'd should expect to see it on the shelves in the new year kinda thing. I mean if it truly worked, wouldn't everything have these by now? But, anyways Graphene looks to be amazing stuff. Only thing the doc didn't mention was...any guesses? lol! COST! It may have the potential to be revolutionary, but it all totally depends on $$...sigh. Great show, btw! \m/
The idea is, that the improved longevity at least makes up for the higher inital costs, but we'll see how that fares. The battery thing is something I feel let down from too. I remember hearing about a groundbreaking solid state technology with indium and tin doped glass as an electrolyte back in 2015 or something by John Goodenough, the inventor of the lithium ion battery, but that seems to make no progress whatsoever. Quite a shame, given how crazy rapidly batteries have gained and are gaining relevance.
Solid-state batteries do exist and have for well over a hundred years. They're used in small applications like pacemakers, RFID etc. The problem is scaling their size and output. Like nuclear fusion....mainstream solid-state batteries are perpetually a decade away.
When these things are publicised they give best estimates assuming no delays, no red tape and proper funding. The problem is investors rarely offer the required amount of capital without imposing massive caveats. Fusion reactors are the perfect example. Half a trillion pounds of investment is needed for the projects in the UK. Some yahoo hedge fund offered 500 million pounds for 50% of the company and control of the patent licensing. If we truly wanted it, we could have fusion reactors in 5 years, but it would be a national project like the space race or war. So long as we are leaving it to the private sector and underfunded universities, it moves at a crawl.
I was very impressed with this idea. I forwarded it to a trade analyst at the us dept of commerce, international trade administration, for evaluation. This strikes me as a variation of buckminsterfullerine or bucky balls. Reducing the carbon foot print alone makes it 'of particular interest'. A 4 to 8% reduction in CO2 emmissions AND increased strength caught my attention. I see this being especially suitable for marine environments where metals oxidize.
And of course they have conducted years of tests to ensure there is no risk from any graphene dust (nanoparticles) casued by the breakdown over time and abrasion of car tyres. (did someone already raise a concern about rubber particles?) . Good news for manufacturers if it does end up everywhere in our unique biosphere and the air our children breathe it wil of course be impossible to point the finger of guilt . Hmmmmm where has this occurred in the past?
It's being injected into people's arms on a regular basis at present, including children over the age of five, so perhaps it doesn't matter about children breathing it in quite so much.
Looks intriguing also the last slide reminded me of battery technology. I'm wondering if adding it to an aircrete type product would increase the aircrete's strength which is one of its weaknesses It's ability to withstand heat and cold as an insulating material while being inexpensive and if your sandwich it like drywall it begins to have an intrinsic strength adding graphene could make it into a super substance. Cheers from California
I like the idea behind your suggestion of add these two new materials. I've been thinking using they would be good in earthship like home construction, increasing earthquake and fire resistants. Making off-grid housing available to more people and saving rain water for use during the dry season.
Until it punches u & ur nation in your face as you get yourself up off the ground, with the feeling like you got hit with a concrete slab. Asking those around u what happend? And the reply, "You just got knocked the fuckout by California, man". As u sit their with that stupid look that u have on your face right now, 4 speaking like a jive sucker! How much tail have u slayin' 4 being a punctuation police officer? Yet guys from Cali get more snatch in a month than u have gotten in ur whole lifetime!
Is this going to be the next asbestos fiber concrete? What's going to happen when all those fibers are released into the environment over time? Micro plastics are already a problem, and carbon fiber is many times longer lived.
I was an assistant general manage for a ready-mixed concrete supplier for around 23 years. .. I honestly don't know if graphene has a real future or not. .. Part of whether it does will be the additional cost per cubic yard of concrete. .. To have it improve the product is one thing: to do so economically is another. .. I sense significant resistance, at least in the short term. .. This might be compared to making lightweight concrete via using "expanded shale aggregate". .. Such does work, but not commonly chosen / specified due to sheer additional cost.
What will be the long-term environmental impact of using graphene in construction? Were environmental impact studies done in all these cases, and what were the results?
At this point, if you need to do an impact study, it means the product will contaminate the environment. I can't think of a single building product that doesn't pollute in some way.
Videotutor Extra Class you expected the construction industry to have any consideration for the environment? i mean seriously? welcome to planet doolally where whoever makes the world uninhabitable first wins.
The real game changer wasn't going to be graphien but carbon nanotubes with length, but we haven't been able to produce them significantly. once we achieve that, then the space elevator can be made.
Carbon nanotube manufacture is about to move to the next level but we are more than happy to pass the space elevator baton to the graphene community. Printed electronics, cement, batteries...water filtration...yes. Space elevator...no.
Glad to finally see it moving into field tests after soo long. If they can cut the costs and thickness of current roads it'll be picked up world wide very quickly.
Hmm, I get the feeling that you were only talking about graphene some of the time while calling plastics graphene at other times in this video. I'm not sure what to make of that. Plastic as asphalt is a brilliant plan though. I much rather see it there then in the landfill. Also better then using new material from the tar fields
@@zahirmurji Sound is better blocked by using substrates of different densities. All one thick floor is not as good as a thinner floor with a layer of Homesote panel
your type: my homies, and I say this with affection, you''re precisely the folks to share my joy. I must have said in the notes below that I was a sci-fi writer, and someone named McDumster Dyver had this great joke. I didn't even get it fully at first. Totally gonna use this in a book. He was apparently angry at me (I must have made fun of all this world-ending terrible road technology stuff) and he said (talking I assumed about the pages I type): people used to pave roads with your type. Fucking brilliant, mate. His full quote is: "people used to pave roads with your type." And I'm so slow that it takes me a while to get the secondary meaning: that people used to pave roads with the bodies of people like you!! Literally a triple entendre!
I know where that cement plant at 3:06 is. That was Sergeant Aggragates plant in Hancock, ME. About 2 years ago they sold off the concrete division to Hailey's Inc from Guilford, ME and to R.J. Folsom Concrete in Old Town, ME.
Building materials will forever change and evolve. Stronger, lighter, cheeped, easier ,longevity ,helps eliminate wast and pollution , no Maintenance with possibly self. Growing etc.
Wait....what happens when graphene, at nano-particle size, bleeds and erodes off the concrete and gets into the air? Are we doing something similar to what was done in the past with the likes of asbestos? Just wondering if we shouldn't think this through as thoroughly as possible before adopting wide-scale applications for its use. John~ American Net'Zen
Asbestos had no wide-scale consequences. People can work with it now and take proper precautions. It's properly installed presence is of negligible concern. This stuff may be worse. That's why God made hepa filters and binding agents.
Very much interested in new materials since I've spent my career in bridge construction. I have many questions but to name a few: cost structure, manufacture of Graphene, storage of the material, and corrosion resistance. Interesting, thanks.
Other questions I personally have is does this material leak anything into its surroundings during use? For instance if used as a road surface, will this lead to particles in the air that's worse then what's released when driving on asphalt right now? Or is it better? If used in a bridge, will water flowing down from it contain particles harming fish etc? Does it enter the food chain? Does it cause disruptions in it? Is there health hazards involved at any step of the process from making a product with these materials, during use or when removing the product in question after end of life?
Isn't adding Graphene to concrete actually the same as Roman engineers adding Volcanic Ash to their concrete construction. That is why their concrete structure lasted so long.
No, volcanic ash, fly ash, pozzolanic ash has cementeous properties. Addition of the right amount of lime will cause the ash to harden like concrete. Ordinary cement (Portland, etc) have an excess of lime when it cures. When poz ash is mixed with cement, the excess lime from the cement reaction will set off the ash. This results in a total mass that has very little excess lime. It is the excess lime in regular cement that leaches out over time, weakening the cement. All of this is different from the use of graphene in cement.
This will be the next carcinogen if it’s mass produced for the construction industry. It’s the new asbestos/fibreglass insulation. Hope I’m wrong cause this stuff is absolutely amazing.
Graphene is a form of graphite, the material in pencils. It is pure carbon. It is biologically inert (biocompatible). Exposure to large amounts of graphene over a long time, like coal miners who suffer "black lung" disease, doesn't constitute a reasonable basis for concern.
@@thebobloblawshow8832 Graphene has been approved by the Canadian Health Authority for an application where it is used in masks as a biocide. I think we can relax a little.
🌿 🌱 Hempcrete is a natural material that is lighter than conventional concrete and has a lot more going for it in the construction of houses. 🏘🌿 It would be interesting to see if a combination of Hempcrete with graphine would be even better than both separate technologies. 🏭🌿🌼🍀🌱
Louise, does hempcrete have any insulating properties compared to regular concrete? I have to admit that I have never heard of hempcrete before. I have been using ground hemp for bedding for my chickens and they seem to like it. There's virtually no dust associated with it , so I believe it's better for me as well.
@@patgarrett3746 wow, I answered you yesterday with some quotes but they didn’t stay on… jeepers! Yes, the insulation properties of hemp are great, as are the moisture regulating properties.
I have heard of Graphene, however, there is not much info out there as of right now. But there is something I would really like to know - what is the purpose of having Graphene Oxide in the vaccine against Covid-19 ?
The Vaccines don’t contain Graphene Oxide. Graphene is literally just a one atom thick layer of carbon atoms in a hexagonal lattice… This gives it great properties of strength but Graphene Oxide is literally just Graphite (the exact same thing used in pencil lead. Viable Graphene semiconductor have yet to be made but remains a potentially promising (but still only theoretical) replacement for Silicon used as a substrate in the wafers used in the Photolithographic process that is utilized to make computer chips like CPUs and GPUs and as Graphene is very effective and efficient in its ability to conduct electricity, it could allow for more efficient and faster processors… You can literally take a piece of Scotch Tape and Graphite, put the tape on the graphite and remove a layer and if it is one atom thick, you just made Graphene… It’s not a rare substance and it’s not being put in the vaccine to control your mind or track you or whatever anti-Vax bs that is currently being pushed by quacks, nor is Graphene Oxide (or Graphite) a.k.a pencil lead being put in the vaccine…. People need to stop believing everything they read online and taking everything written about complex subjects they clearly don’t understand at face value. You already carry a phone with a GPS chip and cellular modem in it, if you own more Modern Air Pods, they also have a chip In them that allows you to track their location if they become lost… Both Apple and Samsung sell consumer level tracking tech in the form of AirTags and Smart Tags that can be used to attach to keys or put in bags to recover them if they’re lost. Not everything is a big conspiratorial cabal and if the Government wants to know your location, they already know where you live and can subpoena your phone records to see where you are….
There's already ingredients that can be added to concrete to make it more water resistant with a sealer at the time it's batched at the plant. Same goes for extra strength. Fiber strand and more can be added to increase strength. I remember a time on certain government projects, they required the use of recycled material mixed in with the aggregate, like glass and all other kinds of stuff, which in my opinion, sacrifices the durability and life of the concrete. Just because someone has an idea to just mix stuff together doesn't mean it's going to do well over time. Think of hardened steel. Ya, it's very very hard, can take a beating, but under the wrong conditions, it's brittle. Hammer Mills used to crush cars in scrap yards for example, they bust stuff up all the time, but just one propane bottle gets dropped in by accident, and the explosion busts those hammers all to pieces. Just because it's hard doesn't mean it's unbreakable. Same goes for life span of material. Look at an old glass pane, over 100 years or so, you'll see that the glass is slowly moving down. Glass moves down like a liquid over time. So much to go on, but that's my opinion.
Having talked at length with the at the time president of Mitchell Fibercon the strength increase and wear/survivability were nothing short of amazing.
It will not happen fast or easily but progress is being made. Check out the work being done by the Center for Advanced Construction Materials at Univ of Texas at Austin, for example.
Graphene should degrade into natural substances, similar to ashes from a fireplace. Also, it can be used as a superconductor for electric car batteries and can be used in water treatment to purify water, including sea water. It has a lot of good potential for humanity, but reducing the cost of producing it at a low cost is key to its economic viability.
At the very least, it will be useful for niche applications, enough for development to push on. I like that many comments highlight the possible recycling issues.
I tried to invest in graphene about 7 years ago but the only manufacture I found was in China. I love the potential I see in many areas and I would definitely invest if something develops commercially.
runedragone If any of you did any thorough research you would know this stuff was really discovered over a hundred years ago and not recently as they claim, lie number one, secondly it is extremely toxic to human beings, highly magnetic, and highly reactive to EMF!!! Here is the one thing they won't tell you graphene oxide despite it being highly toxic to humans is used as the base in all the vaccines all you have been forced to have pumped into you and your children!!! Don't believe me like you do the ignorant so-called journalists who couldn't fact check themselves out of a paper bag watch and verify the linked information here at Witsit Gets it, "Graphene"! On Rokfin .com or youtube!
I am also excited by its properties that make it a great water filtration system, and allow super quick charging of batteries. This IS what will be charging our car batteries in the future.
Yes, graphene in tubular form, has incredible potential for water filtration. Carbon nanotubes can be manufactured at less than 1 nm diameter. At that scale, ONLY water molecules can enter the tube and everything else is selected out. When entering a hydrophobic cylinder, the water molecule wants to back out, but it cannot, because of pressure. The only way out is through, so the water molecule is transported at ballistic speeds through the nanotube. While still at a demonstration state, this technology has the potential to be severely disruptive to the filtration industry. Watch this space.
Thanks IT. Interesting use of graphene to add strength, just like having fibers in a mix it increases the tensile strength, unfortunately cement produces about 3/4 ton of carbon dioxide and we make about 4 billion tons globally every year, so as you showed, the future industry will probably be 3D printed homes using a geopolymer concrete made with about 95% fuel ash along with carbon nano-tubes as the fibers instead of the polypropylene fibers they use today.
As I understand it there are several companies right now starting to pull CO2 out of the atmosphere to make Graphene with the carbon. So that may well drop the actual overall carbon foot print of concrete production significantly.
Trees need carbon dioxide to live, and intern create Oxygen so people can live. It's a natural occurrence, so leave it natural, the way nature intended..
@@dukeman7595 And so long as animals breath that cycle will not be disrupted. Nature is not a sentient being. Nature cannot intend anything. It just happens.
@@davidtherwhanger6795 In many wats it is.. This includes bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plants and certain animals. There is the possibility that a number of animals with very simple centralized nervous systems are not sentient, however, there is some debate..
@@dukeman7595 No. You are talking as if nature has some hive mind to act in a designed way. Even we don't do that. Any thought to the contrary is simple fantasy. The only debate about this is between people who have no idea about it.
I remember reading articles about this year's ago and how they can make transparent concrete like clear resins. And how they can use the conductivity of graphene to make surfaces that can make photosynthesis creating oxygen like trees..great stuff..
"Transparent concrete is the new type of concrete which carries special property of light transmitting due to presence of glass rods" it's just regular concrete with glass in it. And we don't need to produce more oxygen, plenty enough of that, the excess of CO2 is the problem which the concrete industry greatly contributes to on its own. So, great inventions that solve no problems at all. 👎
@@sarinulek6816 Partially. But you want an industrial process which produces CO2 to build stuff that converts a fraction of it back into O2 ?? That's insanity. The advantage of trees is that they make O2 without first making CO2, and they do it FOR FREE!
Everybody in the construction industry knows that-re bar and the wire they use to tie it together is rusted before they actually pour the concrete. Maybe the should concentrate on using Graphene to be a coating on the re-bar as it is being produced as a protective coating.
I was curious, so I wikipedia'd it. Graphene is the strongest material ever tested,[10][11] with an intrinsic tensile strength of 130 GPa (19,000,000 psi) (with representative engineering tensile strength ~50-60 GPa for stretching large-area freestanding graphene) and a Young's modulus (stiffness) close to 1 TPa (150,000,000 psi). The Nobel announcement illustrated this by saying that a 1 square meter graphene hammock would support a 4 kg cat but would weigh only as much as one of the cat's whiskers, at 0.77 mg (about 0.001% of the weight of 1 m2 of paper).[149]
We are trying to eliminate plastic, now we use graphene, which is alot more difficult to decompose than plastic. Graphene is wonderful, but I do not think it is worth to use graphene for above mentioned applications.
Graphene was discovered in 2004 but it was only in the past couple years that it was discovered how to manufacture it inexpensively. That is the key point that was omitted.
Question is what happens to the tiny small graphine oside nanosheets when you drill in to them and the dust fly in the air then gets in to your lungs.. this could be worse than aspestos getting in to everything..
This is going to be a nightmare first affecting microbes then on up the food chain. Concrete cracks, it weathers on a granular level, small rocks and debris from cars and trucks will wear into the surface now embedded with particulate matter that is guaranteed to shred the lungs of every creature unfortunate enough to come near it. Once those particles are in the air, it's too late. Graphene bonds do not degrade over time, worse than a 'forever chemical'.
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Every single topic covered neglected to show how the graphene worked structurally or functionally. I don't think whoever wrote this understood it. It was like a sales brochure dumbed down to the lowest level. I'll have to go elsewhere for any real understanding, but the topic itself sounds facsinating.
head over to the B1M channel or just search concretene on yt
Thanks! Saved me 6:40!👊
💯
@@randoir1863 Thanks 😊
They did explain how strong the Graphene is compared to steel. They also described its weakness when bent into other directions. As long as they can solve this problem. It should be Ground Breaking all the applications. Heck if we can just get our roads to last longer. It will save America Alone Probably 10 Billion a year from what we currently have going on in constant repairers.
Very nice posting about Graphene's increased use in industry.
One KEY item missing was any mention of the COST associated with making graphene in the volumes required for use in bulk construction materials, like concrete and asphalt.
The one thing every engineering student forgets about until they're a senior in college.
@@1999colebug Unless his/her personal experience identifies cost as a prime issue, or there is an engineering course on it (there wasn't when I was studying engineering in college), even seniors may be clueless.
To highlight how bad it can get, a company I once worked at hired a PhD in mechanical engineering, fresh out of college. For one product, he spent a long time designing HIS OWN BOLT for an application!
I told him:
1) It would be prohibitively expensive in terms of his time designing, time arranging/contracting a shop to build them, as well as the per unit price for low volumes.
2) There are commercial manufacturers from whom he could select from a range of bolts perfectly suited to his needs, and handed him an Unbrako catalog of bolts. His expression resembled Homer Simpson...."D O H"!
3) The catalog's bolts specifications were CERTIFIED, whereas his custom would not be without major added expense and time in testing. (We needed this for liability purposes, as failure could be life threatening)
That's wild. A PhD didn't know that, wow.
@@gregparrott it took me till my 7/9 semester in college to learn how to use ASME / catalogs / industry tools and incorporate them into my designs. Iirc I was primed on using catalog parts from the beginning as HW questions would say "using xyz bolt from ABC company with 123 specs." They just never out right said to use prefab stuff.
@@1999colebug It dates me but the experience I recounted occurred in the early '80s. Hopefully, that shortfall has long been addressed in college curricula.
@@architecture_A51 Leaving this key element out on purpose makes sense. Including it would date the video almost instantly. When graphene was first made, there wouldn't have been enough money in the world to pay for its use in even a small engineering project. As it becomes more widely used, expect the price to continue on a downward trend as new cheaper ways of making it are discovered.
Some of the biggest problems with concrete are spalling and water infiltration due to thermal cycles. Over time, this leads to rusting rebars and severe risk of structural failure. If graphene can help solve these problems then the product will have a great future, especially in outdoor structures like roads and viaducts.
Especially in coastal regions!
that is the problem we have in Montana most bridges start failing within 20 years, and if you are in montana look under your closest 20 year old bridge
Cement is 50% calcium. Western and Eastern Roman Concrete, if pozzalana is not available, uses an equal volume of powdered fired brick or tile or pots to replace pozzalana with an equal volume of slaked lime (100% calcium) and an equal volume of sand. This creates a water proof water (1 part slaked lime + 1 part powdered fired brick + 1 part river sand) to build their aqueducts, pipes, canals, baths, pools, etc. Since cement is 50% calcium, then I suggest for every 1 bag of cement used (and cement is 50% calcium and 50% clay fired into clinkers and milled into powdered portland cement) one must add half a bag of powdered fired brick as fine as the cement itself. The silica in the powdered fired brick will "REACT" with the calcium in the cement and cause it to become waterproof. The solution has been facing you westerners for more than a century and you ignored it!
we used to make asbestos concrete, with all that asbestos safely tucked away inside the concrete were it cant hurt anyone.
Abestos concrete will last in full weather, until the sun goes nova.
@@Rivenburg-xd5yf Thats great until repairs need to be made that require cutting or breaking the concrete which will expose the workers to fine asbestos fibers and is probably the #1 reason it is not done anymore.
Will Graphene become the new Asbestos? If the particles are that small, how can you keep it out of workers lungs? It would go right through any mask. Also, won't there be Graphene particles expressed into the air over time as wear and tear works on the concrete? And how would that affect our health?
As we have seen time and time again that problem would only be addressed after it manifested itself and damage had been done.
Ask "Dr." Fauxi.
@@paulbryan6716 We're all sure he could come up with more believable lies.
These are good questions. Hopefully it will be formed into larger objects before we see it used in construction, like those pellets they used in the asphalt. But, they have to make those pellets somewhere.
@@alphagt62 It'll end up similar to the reinforcing fibers added to the mix to take the place of wire mesh. The only difference between commercial and residential was commercial fibers were longer and more of them. One bag per yard of mix. OR more than likely it'll be like basic slag and go in with the powder, so much per yard and THAT will probably be the way as to be measured for yardage and different strength too. Another silo!
Errors and omissions! The resurfacing of the AI in the COUNTY of Northumberland did NOT involve Gipave (which had been trialled previously in Kent). The Graphene used in the A1 was provided by leading U.K. producer Versarien plc. Versarien’s Graphene was also the stuff used in the pouring of the gym floor in the TOWN of Amesbury and the firm is partnered with the 3D printing firm in the Printfrastructure process. Otherwise an excellent video, many thanks!
Northumberland is a stunning county, great villages and pubs and is good for walks and hiking either through forest or a wood or up a hill 👏🏼👏🏼👏🏼💪🏼👍🏼👍🏼
I worked at versarien I was wondering if this was something to do with them.
3:50 That's very unlikely to be a British road. They have some problems with potholes, but they aren't that bad!
Since he's talking about a road in GB he should probably be talking about the "road" not the "pavement" as that's where pedestrians walk.
Altogether so many errors that I have no confidence in the video.
How about adding graphene to molten iron to produce higher strength steel?
@R D about what ?
Graphene already has improved auto detailing in the form of auto paint wax. It’s a better protective coating and it takes less effort to apply and buff out, big win!
The best wax holds up well. Think the ones they use on jetliners. And obviously makes them fly better, move swiftly cutting through moisture and ozone barriers.
Been looking for this for sometime now. Construction industry has badly needed improvements for many years now.
Graphene would be a alternative to Ferro Cement in the boat building industry.
The claims of waterproofing and flexibility make the graphene ship or yacht an interesting possibility.
I built a Ferro-Cement back in the 70's and sailed her 50 thousand or so blue water miles....I'm not sure that there is an actual need for anything stronger for that use. The boat is still doing well, somewhere in Mexico, I hear. Ferro-cement was an inexpensive way to build back then, I had only $3,500 in the hull deck and cabin....but costs went to the moon in the late 70's and being as how ever fiberglass boat ever made is still in service unless it was sunk...it is MUCH cheaper to buy a cruizing boat than build one....without the 5 year build part...though frankly, the boatyard was the best part of my 20 years with boats. -Veteran '66-68
Graphene embedded in other matrials is interesting but with ramifications.
So, for instance asphalt is one of the highest maintenance but also most recycled building material in existence. It's conceivable how graphene might affect stiffness and strength, but how does it affect recycling?
And, when used with concrete, from the description appears to be a substitute for rebar. Is that the limits or best use of graphene? Is it more effective as a mat layer instead of filament strings as described in the video? And again, what are the consequences for recycling when the graphene and concrete need to be demolished?
One day, if it becomes possible to shape graphene, it will be interesting if it can be used to replace steel, aluminum and even composites in aircraft.
Imagine an aircraft with skin on a molecule or a few molecules thick. And internal structures and struts also possibly composed of tubes of graphene sheets a few molecules thck.
For now though, it's my understanding that once created typically as a sheet is brittle and unmalleable. It would seem that graphne must be applied to a fixed shape from the beginning which greatly complicates the manufacturing process.
I wonder if you could replace the reinforcing mesh that is found in some precast parts with a mesh made of the graphene filaments they showed?
Ex +]
They said that graphene is impregnated into plastic pellets, then added to the asphalt. I imagine they could eventually use recycled plastic for this.
@@patgarrett3746 I guess a few questions would be:
Are the plastic granules thermoplastic?
If so, what is their melting point relative to that of asphalt?
If not, how thermally stable is the plastic at the melting temperature of asphalt?
@@Oddman1980 carbon nanotubes are being used for mechanical strengthening today, I believe that is one of OCSiAl's largest target markets.
Some of this could happen, but it sounds pretty speculative at this point. In the 80s we were told that fine ceramics would be used to make all auto engines because they wouldn't need a cooling system. And that bubble memory would revolutionize computer memory. Neither of those happened, perhaps due to technical problems or simply cost. I'd rather see an application that is actually working. If that road surface layering with graphene actually works and is financially feasible, great. Since reinforced concrete can crack if not maintained and/or cause failure in fires, finding something better would be great ... if it works and if it is affordable.
TBH the idea of using it in concrete is completely bonkers. Concrete is cheap, can be produced with small unsophisticated factories, and reliable. However cheap these nanosheets may be, its not cheap enough.
@@donsorenoelchapogringo1182 They address this in the video
Isn't bubble memory just an older term for computer memory that is not dependent on a constant power supply? If I'm not mistaken we call this technology a "hard drive" and it absolutely revolutionized computers.
That's how most technology is. I've seen tons of videos and upcoming technology that seemed promising. Some make it, most don't. These kinds of videos though do server to hype up these kinds of technologies to increase the chance they succeed. However, I expect, it is still less likely that it makes it, as that's the nature of most emerging tech.
Graphene Reinforced Concrete certainly is a novel idea. On the surface, it seems as though it would extent the life of a road for quite some time.
However, upon further analysis, given the nature of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets, because they remain 2-dimentional the only strength that added is that of damage from the from the compression of the vehicles traveling on the Graphene Reinforces Concreate. It is also believed to add a measure of water resistance, the is the worst enemy of all roads. Graphene Oxide Nanosheet Infused roads would also be measurably lighter, therefore making bridges, overpasses, on ramps, and other transitions additions to road less labor intensive, therefore less costly to construct. Also, nearly all Fractural Strengths are inconclusive as to whether the addition Graphene Oxide Nanosheets. In facts, it varies so wildly, Scientifically, Peer Reviewed Study had been conducted that met the criteria for certainty that there was an increase Fractural Strength. Equally valid Scientific Studies have shown nominal increase in Fractural Strength, while have shown as much as a 15% increase in Fractural Strength. I like in the Silicon Valley, so Earthquake country. For this region, the must be absolute certainty that there is a statistically significant increase in both Compression Strength and Fractural Strength, so for Graphene Oxide Nanosheet infused Concrete is worth the investment where we have to ALWAYS seriously keep in mind those roads, overpasses, exits, flyovers, etc. that unequivocally must stand up to a minimum of a 7.5 Earthquake.
The most obvious flaw with using Graphene Oxide Nanosheets screams out in it name. They are sheets. They are 2-Dimentional. So by definition they can only add structural integrity on one plane. It is also not very flexible at all, in fact, if torque is applied, it does not take very much to shatter the structural integrity of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets.
A far better a significantly more cost-effective alternative to Graphene Oxide Nanosheets is a technology already being used in roads: Carbon Nanotubes. Carbon Nanotubes form helixes that tend to form long tubes. As these tubes are 3-dimentional, they can resist torque on any plane applied by an Earthquake. While Carbon Nanotubes are significantly more resilient, they remain, significantly more expensive, and there, at this moment in time, cost prohibitive for mass use in roads. But manufactures are bringing production cost by factors of 10 about every 2 years. So, within 5-10 years Carbon Nanotubes become, far and away the best solution.
thank-you
Was that comment written by a robot? Tons of mistakes and hard to understand what the point of view was .
@@colingenge9999 look, I was 1/2 asleep when I wrote it, at least 8 people understood it well enough. Perhaps you don’t have the requisite knowledge base for the salient facts to connect. There is no shame in not understanding things you’ve never heard of before. What did you find confusing? I would be happy to fill in the blanks.
@@donbrunodelamancha1927 I understood it fine, and I'm an English teacher. To me the internet is full of typographical errors and bad grammar, but this was fine, and it had lots of good info.
@@donbrunodelamancha1927 I’m the 18th thumbs up, liked and understood the information you gave us.
It appears based on the information I just listened to that a new method for concrete uses and road building aspects that this product will be a big - very big game changer
Just want to point out that Northumberland isn't a town, it's a County that stretches from just outside Newcastle-upon-Tyne to the Scottish border about 65 miles away.
It would be interesting to see how the trials with adding it to Tarmac have progressed in the region and how far they've come adding it as a filament in printed concrete.
I thought the Italians had installed a graphene enhanced road surface some t me ago. Maybe they have some initial results. The problem is assessing long term benefits in the short term!
They didn't create graphene. Your pencil lead is made of graphite which is layers of graphene. The scientists peeled off a few layers with scotch tape. The problem is mass producing graphene is damn hard.
I don't think graphene is going to beat mother nature and frost heaves. That is the main reason roads deteriorate so fast and we get pot holes etc. in cooler climates with freezing temperatures. The correct way to build a road is very expensive you need to dig down below the frost line and get all the boulders and rocks out then lay a good base. This is usually reserved for freeways.
@@architecture_A51 is this material toxic to humans?
Brilliant approach for the introduction of a new material compound. Looking forward to the future of graphene.
Limitation for graphene was it's high flammability. The problem with high flammability got solved in 2017 by University of Arkansas researchers that discovered a simple and scalable method for turning graphene oxide into a non-flammable and paper-like graphene membrane that can be used in large-scale production. Maybe, another Nobel prize is in the making.
what did they do to it to make it non flamable?
Graphene oxide is different from graphene… different compound
As the videos from the Chemical Safety Board (CBD) show; if anything ends up in powder form, it'll blow!
A Nobel Prize was given for inventing the stuff in the first place. You don't get one for schoolboy chemistry by playing around with it afterwards.
you neglected to mention that it was the cost of production that stifled graphene's integration into existing technologies... when it was first invented, there was no way to mass produce it, and the first mass production method came less than a decade ago, but was still expensive. increased availability has cut production cost, but it won't be until the trial programs are completed and the data examined before any real integration begins.
There are USA suppliers with >100MTs of production. It's not massive millions like the petrochemical industry but there are scalable processes that exist today
The research must go on! This is an amazing material with limitless applications! More applications will come as the research continues!
Graphene Now! GRAPHENE NOW!!!
Research has been going on for about 2 decades. Check out Virginia’s Smart Road at Virginia Tech.
Everything on TH-cam is a game changer.
Too funny...so true.
Great video! I see this a lot in 3D printed concrete because it needs to have some really unique properties. I travel the world to film 3D printed buildings so I encounter this quite a bit.
🤗 GREETINGS JARRET 👍😍😍😍
I’m interested to merge graphene and hempcrete in 3 D print form. Jarret Gross have you ever seen this?
My career was in the concrete, asphalt, sand & gravel industry and over the years there's been multiple ideas to cut costs and improve results, from re-using asphalt shingles to 'crumb rubber' to the tried and true fibermesh. While making concrete stronger, lighter, cheaper and cement production more environmentally friendly is always the goal, there's little reason to build skyscrapers 'to the moon' other than for some engineers to brag about it. Not many people want to live 140+ stories off the ground.
I don't think that is true, that people don't want to live .....high.
check the commercial and residential rental rates on skyscrapers, on a per square foot basis per elevation...higher is desirable.
28DEC2021 - 40+ years in construction. We had high hopes for fiberglass entraining. It was OK, to a point, but didn't meet the initially claiming expectations in the long run. Graphene will have to jump through some hoops before it gets the approval everyone is hoping for. That could take a while.
When they figure out the health risks it will probably become the next asbestos. Monitoring and expensive abatement and disposal are certainly in its future! 😬
@@motoben6520 I seriously doubt that you have a clue about what you are talking about
@@motoben6520 Possible, but being carbon is what your body is made out of, unlikely.
Yes, when it comes to building things that last 20+ years, technology adoption is slow. All the testing in a lab in a year, can never duplicate 20 years of the real world.
Graphene revolution is always 15 years away!!
With graphene's conductive / semi conductive properties, the possibilities of making programmable conical graphene nanotubes, the potential is almost limitless.
Graphene circuit paths are now being "Grown" on to substrates... Meaning expensive toxic fabs are OBSOLETE. In your lifetime you might own a machine that will 3D or 4D print graphene circuit ICs, and more. It will sit right next to your HP desk top printer.
Sounds promising. I wish them good luck on their experiments.
6:30 "...what do you think of this...": I think you've missed two obvious points: (1) Use "chopped" graphene from sheets (ala OSB) for greater tensile strengths...better than pellets. And (2) the biggest problem with rebar reinforcement is oxidation. Graphene doesn't oxidize, lose strength, and lose bonding with the cement.
The elimination of rebar in concrete will avoid the oxidation of the steel which often tears the structure apart from the inside.
Yeah, as a civil engineer, I imagine this technology is going to take its time being applied in most construction projects... The low bidder on city projects is not going to go this route unless it is specifically designed to be this way, and even then, how many bidders are going to try and take that risk? It'll be awhile, until it's proven to be easy and efficient to construct... Not to mention cost effective
I Agree With Your Sentiment. The Key To Graphenes Future Is Reducing Its Cost And Adequate Supply. One Thing They Didn't Mention Is Concretenes Cure Time. Apparently It Can Be Built On Within 24 Hours. That Is Where I Think The Most Cost Savings Will Come From. Plant Will No Longer Stand Idle While The Concrete Hardens To Full Strength 👍
A couple of inaccuracies: Northumberland is not a city - it's a county (for non-british viewers, in the UK that's half-way between a US county and a US state). The A1 road shown on the map is at the wrong end of England - if it's in Northumberland then it is at the Northern end.
Everything devolves into how much it would cost to get measurable improvement in the strength of concrete by addition of graphene. It seems graphene is still prohibitively expensive to produce in bulk. Altho graphene is only 2 dimensional, random orientation of the fibers might increase not only the tensile but also the bending strength as in fiberglass reinforced substrates.
I agree except I don't think the word devolve is correct usage.
From the testing we have carried out with graphene enhanced concrete we can reduce cement content by 20% and get the same strength. The economics works for many applications.
This looks promising for 3D printed low cost homes.
What happens when graphene nano particles get into the lungs? We have a huge problem.
They don't. Once mixed in concrete, they became part of it. On the contrary to the asbestos, which maintain the fibre integrity and doesn't link with the matrix, graphene act as nucleation point for the hydration products and ends for being part of the concrete gel.
Just do like my old boss says when changing old asbestos brake shoes. "Hey! Don't breathe that shit!"
They're about 2000 years shy of proving it has a longer use life than concrete.
I always wondered if they had trouble with people adding graffiti to cement after they poured it 2000 years ago.
I get your point but what is valcanic ash made of?
@@MarthaJCook Volcanic -
@@robertthomas5906 -The Romans were heavily into graffiti. Lots of it found in Herculaneum and Pompeii.
@@sirrathersplendid4825 They certainly painted. I've seen that in the recovered ruins in Pompeii. However, I haven't seen where cement was poured and someone did something to it while it was wet. Name, "Nero has nose hair," something obviously not supposed to be there.
If used in roadway construction, has anyone studied the effects of Graphene particles in human lungs? Every vehicle that drives over the graphene asphalt will be releasing micro particles into the air. Remember when auto brake pads were made of asbestos?
ehh idk about that, but i do remember a study where they subjected insects to large quantities of micro graphene, spiders were shown to incorporate it into their silk after eating rediculus quantities (amounts the researcher initially thought would kill them)
it's carbon. in direct contact with air and sunlight it turns to CO2
@@MrBrew4321 That's the thing. We understand the base molecule, but how will our bodies process the matrix? Inquiring minds want to know.
@@thekaxmax Carbon atoms yes, carbon particles not so much.
Gotta say that's one of my thoughts as well, is graphine the material with wonder properties like asbestos has that we don't find out until later "whoops we shouldn't have this all throughout our houses!" or does it become the wonder material like plastic where some time later "uh oh, because it doesn't break down too fast it ends up in every living things on Earth"
This would be helpful to 3D printing of houses since they are not capable of including rebar.
With graphene added to the concrete, maybe it can pass building codes .
It would be amazing to come up with a product that withstands sun, rain, snow, and excessive high impact use such as big rigs cause. I know here in Southern California 3/4's of the major highways, as well as city roads, are constantly riddled with crumbling roadways and road construction.
Graphene has already had a revolutionary impact on videos about future revolutionary impacts.
Too funny!
Graphene Reinforced Concrete appears to be highly electrically conductive , could perhaps attract lightning if used in a building ? May not be a problem , just a factor to consider .
If it's conductive, it's probably good grounding material.
Not especially. Any tall building would have a system for directing lightning to earth through a shielded conductor, and whatever the increase in conductivity might be, it won't come close to copper or aluminum.
Useful for sensors to give information on any deterioration in graphene-enhanced structures.
It's really good to see that we are beginning to use our recently discovered unobtainium.
I don't know. I haven't heard much about some super-thin material allowing us to make ridiculously compact batteries and this was...at least a coupla years ago. And the way they talked it up; you'd should expect to see it on the shelves in the new year kinda thing. I mean if it truly worked, wouldn't everything have these by now? But, anyways Graphene looks to be amazing stuff. Only thing the doc didn't mention was...any guesses? lol! COST! It may have the potential to be revolutionary, but it all totally depends on $$...sigh. Great show, btw! \m/
The idea is, that the improved longevity at least makes up for the higher inital costs, but we'll see how that fares.
The battery thing is something I feel let down from too. I remember hearing about a groundbreaking solid state technology with indium and tin doped glass as an electrolyte back in 2015 or something by John Goodenough, the inventor of the lithium ion battery, but that seems to make no progress whatsoever. Quite a shame, given how crazy rapidly batteries have gained and are gaining relevance.
Solid-state batteries do exist and have for well over a hundred years. They're used in small applications like pacemakers, RFID etc. The problem is scaling their size and output.
Like nuclear fusion....mainstream solid-state batteries are perpetually a decade away.
When these things are publicised they give best estimates assuming no delays, no red tape and proper funding. The problem is investors rarely offer the required amount of capital without imposing massive caveats. Fusion reactors are the perfect example. Half a trillion pounds of investment is needed for the projects in the UK. Some yahoo hedge fund offered 500 million pounds for 50% of the company and control of the patent licensing.
If we truly wanted it, we could have fusion reactors in 5 years, but it would be a national project like the space race or war. So long as we are leaving it to the private sector and underfunded universities, it moves at a crawl.
I was very impressed with this idea. I forwarded it to a trade analyst at the us dept of commerce, international trade administration, for evaluation. This strikes me as a variation of buckminsterfullerine or bucky balls. Reducing the carbon foot print alone makes it 'of particular interest'. A 4 to 8% reduction in CO2 emmissions AND increased strength caught my attention. I see this being especially suitable for marine environments where metals oxidize.
And of course they have conducted years of tests to ensure there is no risk from any graphene dust (nanoparticles) casued by the breakdown over time and abrasion of car tyres. (did someone already raise a concern about rubber particles?) . Good news for manufacturers if it does end up everywhere in our unique biosphere and the air our children breathe it wil of course be impossible to point the finger of guilt . Hmmmmm where has this occurred in the past?
It's being injected into people's arms on a regular basis at present, including children over the age of five, so perhaps it doesn't matter about children breathing it in quite so much.
Bruh it's literally structured carbon, chill.
@@SaxonSuccess you breathe air but injecting will kill you
I bet we could put this in a vaccine. Thanks for the video!
Looks intriguing also the last slide reminded me of battery technology. I'm wondering if adding it to an aircrete type product would increase the aircrete's strength which is one of its weaknesses It's ability to withstand heat and cold as an insulating material while being inexpensive and if your sandwich it like drywall it begins to have an intrinsic strength adding graphene could make it into a super substance. Cheers from California
The land of no punctuation?
I like the idea behind your suggestion of add these two new materials. I've been thinking using they would be good in earthship like home construction, increasing earthquake and fire resistants. Making off-grid housing available to more people and saving rain water for use during the dry season.
Until it punches u & ur nation in your face as you get yourself up off the ground, with the feeling like you got hit with a concrete slab. Asking those around u what happend? And the reply, "You just got knocked the fuckout by California, man". As u sit their with that stupid look that u have on your face right now, 4 speaking like a jive sucker! How much tail have u slayin' 4 being a punctuation police officer? Yet guys from Cali get more snatch in a month than u have gotten in ur whole lifetime!
first time i’ve heard anything about this. incredible.
Is this going to be the next asbestos fiber concrete? What's going to happen when all those fibers are released into the environment over time? Micro plastics are already a problem, and carbon fiber is many times longer lived.
I was an assistant general manage for a ready-mixed concrete supplier for around 23 years. .. I honestly don't know if graphene has a real future or not. .. Part of whether it does will be the additional cost per cubic yard of concrete. .. To have it improve the product is one thing: to do so economically is another. .. I sense significant resistance, at least in the short term. .. This might be compared to making lightweight concrete via using "expanded shale aggregate". .. Such does work, but not commonly chosen / specified due to sheer additional cost.
What will be the long-term environmental impact of using graphene in construction? Were environmental impact studies done in all these cases, and what were the results?
At this point, if you need to do an impact study, it means the product will contaminate the environment.
I can't think of a single building product that doesn't pollute in some way.
Joe Biden puts it in his coffee.
It would be a grid of EMF conductors
Videotutor Extra Class you expected the construction industry to have any consideration for the environment? i mean seriously? welcome to planet doolally where whoever makes the world uninhabitable first wins.
I think they took the environmental impact studies for pencils and did a global search and replace.
It's a great breakthrough, and will be able come with building materials in the near future...!
The real game changer wasn't going to be graphien but carbon nanotubes with length, but we haven't been able to produce them significantly. once we achieve that, then the space elevator can be made.
Carbon nanotube manufacture is about to move to the next level but we are more than happy to pass the space elevator baton to the graphene community. Printed electronics, cement, batteries...water filtration...yes. Space elevator...no.
Glad to finally see it moving into field tests after soo long. If they can cut the costs and thickness of current roads it'll be picked up world wide very quickly.
Hmm, I get the feeling that you were only talking about graphene some of the time while calling plastics graphene at other times in this video. I'm not sure what to make of that.
Plastic as asphalt is a brilliant plan though. I much rather see it there then in the landfill. Also better then using new material from the tar fields
I hope that grapheme will become popularly used in construction with concrete 👍
In some forms (nanoparticles) graphene is extremely toxic. I wonder how toxic the debris from roadbed wear will be.
Yes I've also heard that carbon is very deadly to carbon based life.
Britain seen to be doing good stuff! Refreshing!
Will graphene enable new types of concrete to be developed? Or increased use of aerated concrete reducing the amount required for a structure?
Yes
Thinner floors in a building is not a good idea, a person walking in the floor above can be fully heard by person below.
Many fights will happen.
@@zahirmurji Sound is better blocked by using substrates of different densities. All one thick floor is not as good as a thinner floor with a layer of Homesote panel
your type:
my homies, and I say this with affection, you''re precisely the folks to share my joy. I must have said in the notes below that I was a sci-fi writer, and someone named McDumster Dyver had this great joke. I didn't even get it fully at first. Totally gonna use this in a book. He was apparently angry at me (I must have made fun of all this world-ending terrible road technology stuff) and he said (talking I assumed about the pages I type): people used to pave roads with your type. Fucking brilliant, mate. His full quote is: "people used to pave roads with your type." And I'm so slow that it takes me a while to get the secondary meaning: that people used to pave roads with the bodies of people like you!! Literally a triple entendre!
I would think layering graphene with carbon fibre would be would be an evolution to make it a stronger, lighter material.
I don't think you know what either of those materials are.
I know where that cement plant at 3:06 is. That was Sergeant Aggragates plant in Hancock, ME. About 2 years ago they sold off the concrete division to Hailey's Inc from Guilford, ME and to R.J. Folsom Concrete in Old Town, ME.
Actually the graphene industry has been growing strongly all these years. But it started out microscopically small, so it still isn't very big.
Heh. I see what you did there….
Great concept! Keep me posted as I am a contractor and would love to use this product.
Why don't you get a human to read this? The robot voice is annoying.
Building materials will forever change and evolve. Stronger, lighter, cheeped, easier ,longevity ,helps eliminate wast and pollution , no Maintenance with possibly self. Growing etc.
Wait....what happens when graphene, at nano-particle size, bleeds and erodes off the concrete and gets into the air? Are we doing something similar to what was done in the past with the likes of asbestos? Just wondering if we shouldn't think this through as thoroughly as possible before adopting wide-scale applications for its use.
John~
American Net'Zen
Asbestos had no wide-scale consequences. People can work with it now and take proper precautions. It's properly installed presence is of negligible concern.
This stuff may be worse. That's why God made hepa filters and binding agents.
Research. There will be no wide-scale applications without thorough toxicological testing. Construction is a heavily regulated industry.
Very much interested in new materials since I've spent my career in bridge construction. I have many questions but to name a few: cost structure, manufacture of Graphene, storage of the material, and corrosion resistance. Interesting, thanks.
Other questions I personally have is does this material leak anything into its surroundings during use?
For instance if used as a road surface, will this lead to particles in the air that's worse then what's released when driving on asphalt right now?
Or is it better?
If used in a bridge, will water flowing down from it contain particles harming fish etc?
Does it enter the food chain?
Does it cause disruptions in it?
Is there health hazards involved at any step of the process from making a product with these materials, during use or when removing the product in question after end of life?
@@Luredreier the "it" to which you refer is carbon, so the same questions would apply to the use of pencils.
Could Graphene be added to structural steel to increase the compression & expansion strength?
Hopefully this is not the new Lead in Gasoline. That saved a lot of money too.... It's just I recall reports about graphene staying in the lungs?
Isn't adding Graphene to concrete actually the same as Roman engineers adding Volcanic Ash to their concrete construction. That is why their concrete structure lasted so long.
No, volcanic ash, fly ash, pozzolanic ash has cementeous properties. Addition of the right amount of lime will cause the ash to harden like concrete. Ordinary cement (Portland, etc) have an excess of lime when it cures. When poz ash is mixed with cement, the excess lime from the cement reaction will set off the ash. This results in a total mass that has very little excess lime. It is the excess lime in regular cement that leaches out over time, weakening the cement. All of this is different from the use of graphene in cement.
Graphene looks very promising!
This will be the next carcinogen if it’s mass produced for the construction industry. It’s the new asbestos/fibreglass insulation. Hope I’m wrong cause this stuff is absolutely amazing.
Yea, wikipedia had a short blurb about graphene toxicity. Seemed like there was something there to pay attention to
Graphene is a form of graphite, the material in pencils. It is pure carbon. It is biologically inert (biocompatible). Exposure to large amounts of graphene over a long time, like coal miners who suffer "black lung" disease, doesn't constitute a reasonable basis for concern.
@@MsTyrie glass is inert. But it causes lung cancer. So your point is what?
@@thebobloblawshow8832 Graphene has been approved by the Canadian Health Authority for an application where it is used in masks as a biocide. I think we can relax a little.
@@otesourodamamae they only listen to money
whole lot of hope, but no data shown here.
🌿 🌱 Hempcrete is a natural material that is lighter than conventional concrete and has a lot more going for it in the construction of houses. 🏘🌿 It would be interesting to see if a combination of Hempcrete with graphine would be even better than both separate technologies. 🏭🌿🌼🍀🌱
Graphene is made from Hemp stalk as well. It makes the strongest naturally sourced Graphene.
Louise, does hempcrete have any insulating properties compared to regular concrete? I have to admit that I have never heard of hempcrete before. I have been using ground hemp for bedding for my chickens and they seem to like it. There's virtually no dust associated with it , so I believe it's better for me as well.
@@email4664 Well, there we go! Thank you, I didn’t realize it too was made of Hemp! Awesome and versatile.
@@patgarrett3746 wow, I answered you yesterday with some quotes but they didn’t stay on… jeepers!
Yes, the insulation properties of hemp are great, as are the moisture regulating properties.
An evolutionary new concept for concrete is most welcome to mankind.
Anyone worried about the graphene being so small eventually getting into the water supply and being unable to filter it out
why would you worry about it?
Are you suggesting that carbon is bad for you?
Funny how they try now to normalize this forbidden word.
This substance is great if you can find away of manufacturing it outside of a lab.
Graphene is the way of the future is so many areas. Its uses are almost unlimited.
I have heard of Graphene, however, there is not much info out there as of right now. But there is something I would really like to know - what is the purpose of having Graphene Oxide in the vaccine against Covid-19 ?
Good question!
To make them conductors
The Vaccines don’t contain Graphene Oxide. Graphene is literally just a one atom thick layer of carbon atoms in a hexagonal lattice… This gives it great properties of strength but Graphene Oxide is literally just Graphite (the exact same thing used in pencil lead. Viable Graphene semiconductor have yet to be made but remains a potentially promising (but still only theoretical) replacement for Silicon used as a substrate in the wafers used in the Photolithographic process that is utilized to make computer chips like CPUs and GPUs and as Graphene is very effective and efficient in its ability to conduct electricity, it could allow for more efficient and faster processors… You can literally take a piece of Scotch Tape and Graphite, put the tape on the graphite and remove a layer and if it is one atom thick, you just made Graphene… It’s not a rare substance and it’s not being put in the vaccine to control your mind or track you or whatever anti-Vax bs that is currently being pushed by quacks, nor is Graphene Oxide (or Graphite) a.k.a pencil lead being put in the vaccine…. People need to stop believing everything they read online and taking everything written about complex subjects they clearly don’t understand at face value. You already carry a phone with a GPS chip and cellular modem in it, if you own more Modern Air Pods, they also have a chip In them that allows you to track their location if they become lost… Both Apple and Samsung sell consumer level tracking tech in the form of AirTags and Smart Tags that can be used to attach to keys or put in bags to recover them if they’re lost. Not everything is a big conspiratorial cabal and if the Government wants to know your location, they already know where you live and can subpoena your phone records to see where you are….
There's already ingredients that can be added to concrete to make it more water resistant with a sealer at the time it's batched at the plant. Same goes for extra strength. Fiber strand and more can be added to increase strength.
I remember a time on certain government projects, they required the use of recycled material mixed in with the aggregate, like glass and all other kinds of stuff, which in my opinion, sacrifices the durability and life of the concrete.
Just because someone has an idea to just mix stuff together doesn't mean it's going to do well over time. Think of hardened steel. Ya, it's very very hard, can take a beating, but under the wrong conditions, it's brittle. Hammer Mills used to crush cars in scrap yards for example, they bust stuff up all the time, but just one propane bottle gets dropped in by accident, and the explosion busts those hammers all to pieces. Just because it's hard doesn't mean it's unbreakable. Same goes for life span of material. Look at an old glass pane, over 100 years or so, you'll see that the glass is slowly moving down. Glass moves down like a liquid over time. So much to go on, but that's my opinion.
Having talked at length with the at the time president of Mitchell Fibercon the strength
increase and wear/survivability were nothing short of amazing.
Wrong about the propane bottle, and wrong about the glass moving. 50/50 about the 'steel'. Otherwise ok.
It will not happen fast or easily but progress is being made. Check out the work being done by the Center for Advanced Construction Materials at Univ of Texas at Austin, for example.
Graphene should degrade into natural substances, similar to ashes from a fireplace. Also, it can be used as a superconductor for electric car batteries and can be used in water treatment to purify water, including sea water. It has a lot of good potential for humanity, but reducing the cost of producing it at a low cost is key to its economic viability.
At the very least, it will be useful for niche applications, enough for development to push on. I like that many comments highlight the possible recycling issues.
Progress in applications shows more promise all the time. Graphene seems well suited for 3D projects.
I tried to invest in graphene about 7 years ago but the only manufacture I found was in China. I love the potential I see in many areas and I would definitely invest if something develops commercially.
Is this the same graphene used in the vaccines?
runedragone
If any of you did any thorough research you would know this stuff was really discovered over a hundred years ago and not recently as they claim, lie number one, secondly it is extremely toxic to human beings, highly magnetic, and highly reactive to EMF!!! Here is the one thing they won't tell you graphene oxide despite it being highly toxic to humans is used as the base in all the vaccines all you have been forced to have pumped into you and your children!!! Don't believe me like you do the ignorant so-called journalists who couldn't fact check themselves out of a paper bag watch and verify the linked information here at Witsit Gets it, "Graphene"! On Rokfin .com or youtube!
Of course!!! and we have this now in our blood !!!!
I am also excited by its properties that make it a great water filtration system, and allow super quick charging of batteries. This IS what will be charging our car batteries in the future.
Yes, graphene in tubular form, has incredible potential for water filtration. Carbon nanotubes can be manufactured at less than 1 nm diameter. At that scale, ONLY water molecules can enter the tube and everything else is selected out. When entering a hydrophobic cylinder, the water molecule wants to back out, but it cannot, because of pressure. The only way out is through, so the water molecule is transported at ballistic speeds through the nanotube. While still at a demonstration state, this technology has the potential to be severely disruptive to the filtration industry. Watch this space.
I’m keen to give it a go. I would try it in a ferro cement boat hull where you want to eliminate micro crack formation.
I can't wait to see graphene being used commercially soon.
They're putting it in the jabberdos. You know, to advance the scamdemic.
@@steventhury8366 hahaha, was looking hard for someone to bring this up. 👍
@@steventhury8366 Crime@change 🤔
Thanks IT.
Interesting use of graphene to add strength, just like having fibers in a mix it increases the tensile strength, unfortunately cement produces about 3/4 ton of carbon dioxide and we make about 4 billion tons globally every year, so as you showed, the future industry will probably be 3D printed homes using a geopolymer concrete made with about 95% fuel ash along with carbon nano-tubes as the fibers instead of the polypropylene fibers they use today.
As I understand it there are several companies right now starting to pull CO2 out of the atmosphere to make Graphene with the carbon. So that may well drop the actual overall carbon foot print of concrete production significantly.
Trees need carbon dioxide to live, and intern create Oxygen so people can live. It's a natural occurrence, so leave it natural, the way nature intended..
@@dukeman7595 And so long as animals breath that cycle will not be disrupted. Nature is not a sentient being. Nature cannot intend anything. It just happens.
@@davidtherwhanger6795 In many wats it is.. This includes bacteria, archaea, protists, fungi, plants and certain animals. There is the possibility that a number of animals with very simple centralized nervous systems are not sentient, however, there is some debate..
@@dukeman7595 No. You are talking as if nature has some hive mind to act in a designed way. Even we don't do that. Any thought to the contrary is simple fantasy. The only debate about this is between people who have no idea about it.
"An innovation was invented by the government (together with scientists)". Now that's a perfectly correct sentence in English!
Plus I have heard that mixing in CO2 also has added benefits. With both grapheme and CO2 cement could become quite a carbon sink.
I was just wondering if the use of graphene could be considered as carbon capture.
@@davidsholts I would say yes.
I think I lived through some very interesting times with amazing leaps forward in tech. But I regret that I am going to miss much more. Oh well...
I remember reading articles about this year's ago and how they can make transparent concrete like clear resins. And how they can use the conductivity of graphene to make surfaces that can make photosynthesis creating oxygen like trees..great stuff..
"Transparent concrete is the new type of concrete which carries special property of light transmitting due to presence of glass rods"
it's just regular concrete with glass in it. And we don't need to produce more oxygen, plenty enough of that, the excess of CO2 is the problem which the concrete industry greatly contributes to on its own.
So, great inventions that solve no problems at all. 👎
@@mururoa7024 but doesn't Photosynthesis convert CO2-O2
@@sarinulek6816 Partially. But you want an industrial process which produces CO2 to build stuff that converts a fraction of it back into O2 ?? That's insanity. The advantage of trees is that they make O2 without first making CO2, and they do it FOR FREE!
Everybody in the construction industry knows that-re bar and the wire they use to tie it together is rusted before they actually pour the concrete. Maybe the should concentrate on using Graphene to be a coating on the re-bar as it is being produced as a protective coating.
200x strong? What does that even mean? Is it when resisting compression, shear, tension, torsion, or bending?
EVERYTHING 😂😳
I was curious, so I wikipedia'd it.
Graphene is the strongest material ever tested,[10][11] with an intrinsic tensile strength of 130 GPa (19,000,000 psi) (with representative engineering tensile strength ~50-60 GPa for stretching large-area freestanding graphene) and a Young's modulus (stiffness) close to 1 TPa (150,000,000 psi). The Nobel announcement illustrated this by saying that a 1 square meter graphene hammock would support a 4 kg cat but would weigh only as much as one of the cat's whiskers, at 0.77 mg (about 0.001% of the weight of 1 m2 of paper).[149]
Yes, but only in planar direction. There's quite some anisotropic material that's incredibly strong at one direction too but hard to use in bulk.
Informative but you did not address the supply of graphene. Is that the bottle neck now? Cost? Etc.
We are trying to eliminate plastic, now we use graphene, which is alot more difficult to decompose than plastic. Graphene is wonderful, but I do not think it is worth to use graphene for above mentioned applications.
Graphene was discovered in 2004 but it was only in the past couple years that it was discovered how to manufacture it inexpensively. That is the key point that was omitted.
Question is what happens to the tiny small graphine oside nanosheets when you drill in to them and the dust fly in the air then gets in to your lungs.. this could be worse than aspestos getting in to everything..
This is going to be a nightmare first affecting microbes then on up the food chain. Concrete cracks, it weathers on a granular level, small rocks and debris from cars and trucks will wear into the surface now embedded with particulate matter that is guaranteed to shred the lungs of every creature unfortunate enough to come near it. Once those particles are in the air, it's too late. Graphene bonds do not degrade over time, worse than a 'forever chemical'.
@@GearsMcTinkersome If this happens consider yourself fully vaccinated