My father spent years of his time in the desert and mountains away from our home in Beijing. Tens of thousands scientists, engineers, workers were involved in the project. My father was one of the engineers.
@@JP-rk6gw not really, as chinese. i think. back to 60 yrs ago, ppl have faith , have spirits. ppl believed in gov and hold the hope to the future . today , china is essentially grown up to be a bureaucratic capitalism country. people's mindset is different
The really hard part of developing atomic weapons isn't the design, it is having the industrial capacity to produce the materials necessary. If you look at the budget of the Manhattan Project, Los Alamos + R&D was only 7.5% of the entire budget. The rest was mostly the industrial infrastructure to produce the enriched uranium and plutonium. The real utility of Soviet aid was the development of the industrial infrastructure that enabled the development of nuclear weapons, and not transfers of specific knowledge about nuclear weapon design.
The science and R&D are just as important in building those machines and infrastructure to make the bomb. The R&D and planning of building a skyscraper may also be dwarfed by the costs associated with actually building it but you can’t have one without the other. The cost does not necessarily = the importance.
@@hollandoats4738 theyare both important. But by the 60s a nuclear bomb wasn’t as cutting edge as it once was in 30s and 40s. It was just a matter of copying much more instead of figuring out the physics and engineering from scratch.
It's the design, bro. Recommended reading: _Plutonium, A History of the World's Most Dangerous Element._ The R&D Los Alamos financed involved the world's smartest men, full stop. There's a very conspicuous reason why Nobel prizes get awarded in a proportion that is fantastically out of whack with China's population, especially if you ignore awards that are given for accomplishments that are fundamentally engineering as opposed to invention or theory. Hindsight, such as concerning the development of the bomb, does not alter this reality. China are conspicuously aware of this discrepancy; it's part of the reason why they're so desperate to make a name in scientific papers that they willfully flood publications with tripe and outright fraud.
@@Asterra2 Funny.If you think China adds lies to your paper, then you should read papers written by Chinese people well, because lies cannot make DF-21
This guy has no idea whatsoever how the Chinese got the atomic bomb. When the Jewish Rosenberg couple stolen the atomic bomb planes, and sold it to the Soviet Union, they also gave the patent to Israel. Israel had the plans how to make the atomic bomb, but not the necessary elements, or the materials. China had them both. Therefore Israel and China combined their possessions, and made the atomic bomb together. That is how Israel and China got the atomic bomb in about the same time.
It was...as with almost everything Chinese, there they took from America, even America's education. You should not be able to study nuclear physics and then go to a different country to help build their nuclear ambitions as China and Israel benefited.
I remember my friend telling me about how his grandad, who was a party member, illegally went to see the first atomic bomb test. I wish I got to talk to him, but he was living in Chongqing while my friend and I were in Beijing at the time. Really fascinating history, glad that you made a video covering it.
Another fun story: the factory which is part of the project, was on the edge of shut down due to lack of funding, so they use those centrifuges to make ice cream.... It was called 504 ice cream lol
It is weird how beliefs outlive people. People who believed in national socialism in 1939 are dead yet people who love national socialism are alive today. Nukes do make a war costly, high risk, high reward. They are so powerful that earth would be destroyed forever.
There was a nursery rhyme in China that almost every girls in China knew during Cultural Revolution. The first line goes something like: "a little rubber ball, kick it off a structure." However, no one understood what it was about. Only a few years ago, it was revealed it was commemoration of Ma Lan Base which was in the center of Chinese nuclear program. The "little rubber ball" actually refers to the first nuclear bomb which was detonated on a structure.
Qian Xuesen, or Hsue-shen Tsien, was a Chinese aerospace engineer and cyberneticist who made significant contributions to the field of aerodynamics and established engineering cybernetics. He moved to the US to study at MIT, from where he was recruited to join Theodore von Kármán's group at Caltech. Wikipedia, He was not a nuclear physicist
He in the end was driven out of the US due to blatant racial discrimination which backfired disastrously as he joined and became the head of the PRC's nascent missile programmes.
#nichilasmaude Because communists do not steal property especialy intelectual... HAHA The programmer who wrote the Tetris game (in his spare time) didn't get a cent until the USSR collapsed even though the West was paying for the right to use the program? Your comment is blatant racial discriminational lie and anyone with little will to check it can confirm it ->Chien-Shiung Wu (Chinese: 吳健雄) -> She was important scientist in Manhattan Project -> she was Chinese -> she was from China -> she was a woman -> no-one kicked her out->and i have the feeling that she helped with development of China attomic weapond even if Asianometry did not found any info about it... ->she wanted to be buried in China...
Yes, he is mostly known in China as the 'Father of China's Space Program'. There's a big, new-ish museum dedicated to him at Shanghai's Jiaotong University. Nicely designed building, by the way.
@25:34 It wasn't just the broken treaty, The USSR and PRC were in open ground battles in Manchuria during this time. So from the Chinese perspective, they were caught between 2 nuclear armed enemies (three if you count England, a former colonial invader), which was highly motivational and worth the cost even during the worst of the "Grate leap forward", from their perspective. I know you hit on that, but I don't think you really emphasized that context enough.
@@ShengYu1995 It was an ongoing thing basically. Russia invaded Xinjiang in 1944, and that was, from the back of my head, Russia's 6th invasion of China.
I remember studying the Karman-Tsien compressibility correction rule in gas dynamics (aerodynamics) class in 1968 at Manchester University, UK. It was disgraceful that Prof Theodore von Karman never supported his protege Dr Hsueh-Shen Tsien during Sen. McCarthy's disgusting trials. Dr Tsien's bachelor degree in China was in railway engineering. Dr Tsien was a prolific researcher - not just in fluid mechanics. He also wrote several papers in solid mechanics (e.g. warping of solid hollow tubes etc.). A full account of his life and work can be found in the book "Thread of the Silkworm" by Iris Chang.
At least in China, one of the hyper sonic ballistic reentry method was named after him. Which is a key to modern hypersonic missiles. I think that method is like bouncing multiple time with atmosphere, which not only greatly increase the range, but also make the missile much harder to intercept.
In Europe and the United States, at least among the English speaking people, deep-rooted racial discrimination and the idea of a superior ethnic group remain deeply ingrained. France, Germany, and even Iran are the same, they still feel that the Chinese are inferior. This is a cultural imprint left by the colonial era that lasted for 400 years, and it is difficult to easily remove them.
And that is just what he was saying in public. In private he planned, in the event of war, to steal the nukes that were under the control of the civilian AEC and decide for himself who to bomb
Likewise MacArthur wanted to use nukes on the Chinese when they attacked in N. Korea - it was one of the issues that led to his firing by Truman. It's a good thing US military is under firm civilian control.
@@cv990a4 McArthur and LeMay...it's an F-ing miracle we never went to war with those two running loose. Luckily we've had competent civilian leadership or competent military leadership during dark times. Except for the Vietnam war when (in my opinion) civilian and military leadership was feckless. I was a marketing major so...I know these things.
@@theodoreolson8529 The low point wasn't Vietnam. That was dumb, but then Cheney said "hold my beer" and engineered the US invasion of Iraq. That was the low point. I always thought, growing up, that we'd never again be stupid enough to do another Vietnam. And I was right - we did something far worse.
and the second that ended the Democrats got us into a proxy war with Russia. I'm beginning to think the military industrial complex doesn't actually want world peace
Very good video, as always. Just one small correction: 21:45 says: _"The key issue the Chinese bomb design needed to do was to properly synchronize the high explosives so to kickstart a series of nuclear chain reactions. A bad timing issue means stray neutrons running around - a premature neutron burst resulting in an overall unsatisfactory performance."_ The story is a little bit more nuanced. First, multiple detonators need to fire simultaneously within about a microsecond, simply because without this the symmetrical implosion does not happen, and the material does not get compressed to a sufficiently supercritical state for a rapid chain reaction. Second, the chain reaction needs to start at the precise moment this supercritical state is achieved -- not sooner, not later. To prevent premature chain reaction, the compression of plutonium needs to be much more rapid than the rate at which neutrons happen spontaneously. This is the whole point why explosively driven compression is used for plutonium -- to make it quick, because in plutonium there is a high rate of spontaneous fission. For uranium this aspect is not important, because there is no such background. But using implosion for uranium allows to make a bomb from several times smaller amount of uranium. (The explosives actually compress the metal, and a smaller amount can be made supercritical.) That is why China used this method. To start the reaction at the moment of greatest supercriticality, a powerful source of neutrons must fire at exactly the right moment, again with the precision of a microsecond or so. In the first nuclear bombs the neutron source was a mechanical device in the middle of the bomb, and it was set off by the implosion itself mixing different materials in the source. This automatically guaranteed correct timing. In the later bombs, an electronic neutron generator was used instead, located outside of the fissile material. This required firing the pulse of neutrons with a carefully calculated delay after firing the detonators.
I have to correct you here. Such weapons have never been created as those reactions are pure fantasy. But it is funny that guys like you buy propaganda about them and parrot it.
@@theotherohlourdespadua1131 it would "fizzle"- (thats the term). maybe some limited chain reaction, but mostly, an explosive disassembly of your expensive nuclear device. (depending on how bad your synchronization is, and i guess how optimized the design- a fat man spherical implosion or two- point explosive lens is propaply more robust than a miniaturized nuke )
@@theotherohlourdespadua1131 Since a few decades ago, US bombs are specifically designed for safety in accidents, such that they would not produce a nuclear explosion if only a single detonator fires. This is called "one point safe design". This requires certain amount of effort to achieve. In weapons that are not one point safe, even an asymmetrical implosion can result in a sizable nuclear yield, albeit typically much reduced compared to the full scale explosion. Older US weapons were not necessarily one point safe, and it is not known whether weapons of other countries are.
Imagine my surprise to see, at 7:40, in a video about the Chinese atomic bomb, a photograph showing the Irish Taoiseach, Eamonn de Valera, sitting in the centre of the front row! Alongside Arthur Eddington, Paul Dirac and Erwin Schrodinger. It's remarkable that Peng Huanwu, who went on to be one of the leaders of the Chinese nuclear weapons programme, was based at the Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies in the early 1940s, and that this meeting of eminent physicists took place there in 1942, in the midst of the largest war ever to occur in Europe.
Yeah a lot of problems in Ireland, Rental prices, lack of house development, infrastructure stagnation is caused by socialist policies ther unfortunately same goes with most of EU nations and UK as well, they had always been backstabbers to the nations of the west , even US is run by traitors
My stepmother used to watch the nukes in Nevada from on top of her house apparently. She had a special guy fly in that just deals with issues arising from fallout exposure. Looked over her charts and said her issues weren't nuclear related.
This guy has no idea whatsoever how the Chinese got the atomic bomb. When the Jewish Rosenberg couple stolen the atomic bomb planes, and sold it to the Soviet Union, they also gave the patent to Israel. Israel had the plans how to make the atomic bomb, but not the necessary elements, or the materials. China had them both. Therefore Israel and China combined their possessions, and made the atomic bomb together. That is how Israel and China got the atomic bomb in about the same time.
Thank you, I know a lot about the American, British, Russian, and Israel's nuclear weapons development efforts as I am an electrical engineer, I am by nature fascinated by such high technology projects as this. This has highlighted me about something I knew very little. I was not aware of their Gaseous diffusion plant, at their Lanzhou Nuclear Fuel Complex as this is new for me. Nor was I aware that they used uranium with an implosion design. The only reason they used the implosion design with plutonium was because the presence of Pu-240 meant that the bomb would start to pre-detonate long before a critical mass could be attained with gun design plutonium bomb, although the Americans did attempt to design a gun type plutonium bomb. Uranium 235 does not have that problem. Thank you, as this is content and reporting you rarely hear about.
The precision timing of the explosives is an important detail back in the dark ages of ww2 making the triggers was pretty difficult the U.S. effort had a trigger failure in the lab just prior to the use of the first plutonium bomb. There was some concer that dropping a bomb might just be a delivery of highly enriched fissile material if the bomb malfunctioned then Japan would have all they needed to make a bomb to drop on The U. S.
I thought about it, and it only goes so far. Kruchev was definitely right when he adhered to the motto "beter ten halve gekeerd dan ten hele gedwaald" or whatever the Russian equivalent of that Dutch saying was. It means "better turn around halfway than stray completely". Also, politicians in general, Deng Xiaoping in this case, will always embelish to look good. After the man-made hardship that China had gone through, it would legit be something to be proud of but that doesn't mean he shouldn't make it look even better!
Great video, well researched, not biased against either the West, China or the Soviets, very informative and the subject matter is very interesting. I think a good director could make a nice movie about this story, provided he's given enough creative freedom. edit: it has been brought to my attention that there is already a movie on this, 横空出世 or "Roaring across the horizon"
@@fedyx1544 To begin with, the security of a nation has no price especially after the Chinese experience in the korean war against Murica. To stress that the cost of the Chinese nuclear program was exhorbitant at the time given the hardships the Chinese were going through is a biased view if you don't also stress the context in which this program became a pressing issue for the Chinese national security. So, it's pretty obvious that a biased bent to the narrative that jumped to the eye.
@Bob Morane Watch it again, he focused on the United States threats to China early on in the video and doesn't sugarcoat how maniacal they got. What was he just not supposed to mention that compared to other Nuclear powers at that point China was working with far fewer resources and was at thatpoint the only developing nation to work towards it and achieve it?
This guy has no idea whatsoever how the Chinese got the atomic bomb. When the Jewish Rosenberg couple stolen the atomic bomb planes, and sold it to the Soviet Union, they also gave the patent to Israel. Israel had the plans how to make the atomic bomb, but not the necessary elements, or the materials. China had them both. Therefore Israel and China combined their possessions, and made the atomic bomb together. That is how Israel and China got the atomic bomb in about the same time.
You forget France in your introduction, its first nuclear bomb dates back from feb 13, 1960 or 4 years before the Chinese one. Chinese was therefore the 6th and not 5th nuclear armed nation.
Your research and presentation are always impressive. Thanks for your hard work.. Your research and presentation are always impressive. Thanks for your hard work..
Solid content No bias, no BS. Suggestion: review the chinese nuclear deterrence strategy document. For all the fear and paranoia propaganda we consume in the west concerning China, their nuclear policy is level headed and reasonable.
Great video. If I'm allowed to be picky ... 1. Qian Xuesen was by no means a nuclear physicist. He was a brilliant aerodynamics engineer. 2. Mao's attitude to Khrushchev's secret report on Stalin was "dialectical" and not at all personal. His own words were "Khrushchev uncovered (the truth) but caused trouble" and "comrade Stalin made grave mistakes but (Stalinism) shouldn't be abandoned completely". 3. Chinese scientists and officials will of course downplay Soviet's role, but without Soviet's guidance and help, China's nuclear bomb project would be a mission impossible.
@@johnmackenzie3871 that's what impossible means in that context. Ofc technological challenges only ever get easier. By impossible they surely meant "impossible to complete in that decade". The political weight of China would have been a lot different without that development that early. Even its seat in the UN security council wouldn't necessarily have been come that early. And Russia might have reacted differently to the skirmishes of the 60s and 70s.
This will be China once it catches up in EUV and semiconductors, "Exceptionalism" exists everywhere, the key factor in anything is to know if it's possible, if we know it's possible, brilliant minds will do it, and China has plenty.
They will have to invent their own optics industry aswell, if it is possible for China to catch up they will need to do the work of several nations and decades of research in the next few years and given how many chip founders go bankrupt after wasting billions of RMB I cant see this happening. There is a reason why EUV tech is only know and controlled by a few companies.
The Chinese keep saying with a chuckle that there's nothing godly or supernatural, it's all human creations that can be reproduced by whoever has the will and the resources. I don't think they ever believed in exceptionalism and they're starting to rub it in the muricans faces.
@@clown134 Not exactly, China is a leading manufacturing place, it's really good in plenty of areas such as material science and such, but it has areas to catch up at the very high end (where most profit is located). One of those areas is chip manufacturing, first of all you need 3 requirements to manufacture a Chip, The ability to design a Chip (China does have this), access to commonly used architectures today (X86 or ARM, both propietary of the west, China no longer possesses access to this at least not for important stuff), and lastly, semiconductors, which is what Chips are made of. In the case of Design as I said China has the expertise and can design advanced Chips fairly easily, in the case of architecture, this is harder, because even though China knows how to do stuff in those architectures, they cannot officially do it because of licensing problems, so they are switching ATM to RISC-V which is an alternative architecture which is open source and won't suffer from licensing issues and or blacklisting by America or its allies. Lastly, the most important and hardest one is semiconductors. Right now China can reliably make semi modern semiconductors with decent yield, the problem starts when you need ones for more advanced applications, such as supercomputers, AI Chips or even the latest consumer CPUs. They are on sub 10nm (actually 5nm and lower), China has managed to design and produce 7nm semiconductors but with low yield, let alone anything below that. Reason? They lack the tools to make them. China does not posses DUV (up to around 2010s) (although it's working on these), let alone EUV machines (made by ASML utilizing like 100k parts from different countries, including the US), this is the biggest hurdle to China, it needs to produce these. Japan was the leader in DUV in the 90s but then US trade war and restrictions made Japan unable to cooperate with America in EUV design, then America cooperated instead with the netherlands and ASML managed to produce EUV, Nikon (Japan) almost got there, stopped at the 2nd prototype, but they gave up cause it was too late/too expensive mid 2008-2011 economic crisis. China is currently on a massive effort to make these machines, but it will likely take them maybe to close to 2030(?) to get close to the west, unless of course a breakthrough happens for even smaller semiconductor node sizes, but even then they would still need to catch up in EUV to produce stuff that requires those nodes.
Worth waiting for the ‘Back to the Future’ photo etc. How many secrets do shredders divulge ‘back in the day’…? ALL OF THEM! Very interesting video of a developing and growing China during uncertain and volatile times. Keep the videos, analysis and synopsis, jokes and political innuendo coming..
Although China has mastered nuclear technology, its number of nuclear bombs has always been maintained at the level of self-defense. It has not wantonly expanded the number of nuclear bombs, and deployed nuclear weapons overseas to create nuclear threats to others.
One of my friends (very old now, I don't know if she is still alive) is a lady who did her studies in France with a Chinese student. He called her much later and gave his name, asking her if she remembered him. He then said that he had become the father of the Chinese atomic bomb.
It's ok. It will be rated the square of its actual yield, won't go off about 50% of the time right out of the box, but at only $0.37/unit, they will set them off like it's new year's eve.
Today, it’s semiconductor, very similar situation, the Americans still the main reason why China need the advanced chips technology but the actual factor that propel China needs to achieve the breakthrough as soon as possible is not Russia technical help but the absent of Netherland and Japan equipments. Chinese experts working in US still receive same treatments from the Americans, many coming back to help the motherland, history proven China can achieve anything if they fully put their efforts into it.
Yes, the more they steal IP from other countries & commit corporate espionage, they'll eventually steal enough to catch up! Too bad creating nothing of your own leads to zero soft power or influence outside of your own country
i dont think semi conductors are that easy . amercians are like far far ahead of any country in semi conductor technology , i learned somewhere ibm has created on of the brilliant semi conductors , and figuring out the machine which prints on fab is made in netherlands and america now being active in this field is not possible for chinese , it might take them decades , in that much time americans will be far more ahead of them , people underestimate american technology leap compared to rest of the world combined .
@@opai1821 u got so much confident on Americunt technology but even Americunts got no confident, they imposes sanction after sanction until they no longer got any bullet left to do anything to China. Lol.
I really appreciate your attention to punctuating Chinese words correctly! Most TH-camrs covering China topics are inapt in even pronouncing Xi (They usually go with Xse) Jinping correctly!
Fresh capital combine with increased utility for drip specifically in the form of games from other community is in my opinion, the only way to price appreciation. Coach, it's great that you are awareness to others and hopefully when the next bullrun happens it will bring the price up (only in the short run) please collaborate with other developers like bitfighters, drip21, and spritz finance to setup a runway when the bullrun happens. I think also that the next bullrun will comes from Asia specifically China cause bankruns on Chinese banks have already eroded confidence from Chinese citizens and there is a growing adoption for cryptocurency.
"Sexy Zhou Enlai" 🤣😭🤣😂🤣🔥 I guess you're not wrong, find it absolutely hilarious that I was thinking "Is he sexy, maybe. Wtf why is this happening" ... So good work as always!
Sometimes you have to salute to these Chinese scientists, generation by generation, they have not given up, determined to go extra mile for their goals.
@@yawos9024 OK, OK, I get it! Gotta cut some slack. Let's remember that we have non-native English speakers reading our comments. We native speakers know when to distinguish between _accept_ and _except,_ but a non-native English speaker with limited experience will more often than not get confused.
He is from taiwan so all his videos about china are biased, he is also an american citizen so he keeps shilling and defending America especially when it comes to them destroying japans economy
The ratiocinative quality & erudition on display in these videos is astonishing. In my opinion, this is the best video since your Japan eating the rich one.
How much Russian tech transfer mattered is like asking how much the Soviet bomb program benefitted from espionage. The basic physics is well known, and the fact that someone had solved the engineering problem earlier is critical.
When Soviet pull back the support, Chinese developed the bomb faster. When US sanction the use of ISS, Chinese progress into building their own space station. When USA sanction chip making equipment and software, Chinese expedite and built their own.
The world should be thankful that Russia and China posses technology to make nuclear bomb. Imagine if USA and Uk are the only countries with Nuclear weapon, they would have colonised the world.
For someone who stands completely on the Western side, it is indeed difficult to understand the self-reliance and self-improvement of the Chinese people
My granddad actually worked on the china nuclear program in the 60s. There are still things he cannot tell us because of national secret, but he did go to tsinghua university in the late 50s.
Maybe the national secret is that China never built a nuclear bomb as U.S./soviets never built one since nuclear bombs not real. It was only national fear propaganda made in Hollywood Basement.
my parents worked at the facility where deng jiaxian, the father of the chinese a bomb, as theoretical physicists. they dont talk about what they did tho....
This guy has no idea whatsoever how the Chinese got the atomic bomb. When the Jewish Rosenberg couple stolen the atomic bomb planes, and sold it to the Soviet Union, they also gave the patent to Israel. Israel had the plans how to make the atomic bomb, but not the necessary elements, or the materials. China had them both. Therefore Israel and China combined their possessions, and made the atomic bomb together. That is how Israel and China got the atomic bomb in about the same time.
So the Chinese litterally finished the bomb by putting pieces of shredded paper back together, let this be a lesson to everyone else, dont shred important or even non important documents, just incinerate everything or use dissapearing ink.
In 1969, the relationship between China and the Soviet Union was very bad. There are rumors that China's intercontinental ballistic trajectory design targets are: launching missiles anywhere in mainland China can hit Moscow.
I like how the Chinese fooled their enemies cleverly. It’s ironic, the same thing happened to China’s space program when the US denied China’s entry into the ISS, which accelerated their path to space. Thumbs up to the Chinese.
Let's use the potential to build a weapon that can kill millions to make the world a better place. 😂 Every brain regardless of where it comes from also has the potential for greed and stupidity
What an incredibility articulated and quality piece of work. I'm just blown away by the quality of contents from this and other "China" related channels. I have to purge all the propagandas that I've learned through western my education and media.
@Jizz I didn't think of that...didn't cross my mind. And I'm happy that he's a fellow American. In fact, I'm even more impressed. LOL Besides, it doesn't change anything in regards to the content.
This guy has no idea whatsoever how the Chinese got the atomic bomb. When the Jewish Rosenberg couple stolen the atomic bomb planes, and sold it to the Soviet Union, they also gave the patent to Israel. Israel had the plans how to make the atomic bomb, but not the necessary elements, or the materials. China had them both. Therefore Israel and China combined their possessions, and made the atomic bomb together. That is how Israel and China got the atomic bomb in about the same time.
**Summary of the TH-cam video "How China Got the Bomb" by Asianometry** This video describes the history of China's nuclear weapons program, from its beginnings in the early 1950s to its first successful nuclear test in 1964. The video begins by explaining the context in which China decided to develop nuclear weapons. After the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the People's Republic of China was a relatively weak and isolated country. The United States and the Soviet Union were the only two nuclear powers at the time, and they were both hostile to China. Chinese leader Mao Zedong believed that developing nuclear weapons was essential for China's security and sovereignty. In 1955, China and the Soviet Union signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation, which included a provision for the Soviets to help China develop nuclear weapons. However, the Soviets withdrew their support in 1959 after relations between the two countries deteriorated. Despite the Soviet withdrawal, China continued its nuclear weapons program. In 1964, China successfully detonated its first nuclear bomb. The test was a major milestone in Chinese history, and it made China the fifth nuclear power in the world. The video concludes by discussing the implications of China's nuclear weapons program. China's nuclear arsenal has deterred any foreign power from attacking China directly. However, China's nuclear weapons have also contributed to the proliferation of nuclear weapons in Asia. **Time stamps:** * 0:00-1:00 - Introduction * 1:00-2:30 - Context: China's decision to develop nuclear weapons * 2:30-3:30 - Soviet assistance and withdrawal * 3:30-4:30 - China's independent nuclear weapons program * 4:30-5:30 - China's first nuclear test * 5:30-6:30 - Implications of China's nuclear weapons program * 6:30-7:00 - Conclusion Please note that this is a summary of the main points of the video, and it does not include all of the details. If you are interested in learning more about China's nuclear weapons program, I recommend watching the full video.
In the Korea war, General MacArthur had a plan to drop 34 nuclear bombs on China before he was sacked (Wikipedia). In 1960s Britain also planned to use nuclear bombs in case of a war broke out in Southeast Asia or Hong Kong was invaded.
Is there a point there somewhere? They had plans of what to do if things went south with the allies as well, and it’s a good thing. A military that doesn’t look at the possibility of conflicts and how to handle them isn’t doing it’s job properly.
@@smeagle3295 sure, but nations dont go openly stating they want to nuke you. Which the us and the soviets very much did to china. That is, openly threaten nuclear annihilation.
I remember reading that. General MacArthur clashed with President Truman over the bomb controversy. MacArthur didn't want to go through another long drawn out war like he did in WW1 and WW2. Truman just thought it was too dangerous considering the Soviets would likely retaliate against the US.
Mutual criticism and the withdrawal of Soviet aid began in 1959. After the Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia, China severely criticized the Soviet Union as a "red imperialist", and the border conflict occurred in 1969. (Because Vietnam refused to criticize the Soviet Union about the Prague Spring, China began to withdraw some aid to Vietnam, and after the death of Mao Zedong, China stopped all aid to Vietnam) The "Washington Post" revealed that the Soviet Union planned to conduct a "surgical" strike against China. From the mid-1960s until 1989, the Soviet Union was China's main defense target. Because Vietnam was allied with the Soviet Union, this led to a border war between China and Vietnam from 1979-1989. The economic difficulties from the 1950s to the 1980s cannot be simply attributed to Mao Zedong’s economic policies, but because most of the experience was in wars or building defense industries to prepare for possible wars, and also to assist other international allies (Africa, Southeast Asia, Algeria, etc. )
Thank you for this thoroughly detailed episode! I would be interested in videos on other nations' nuclear programs too if you ever wanted to do them. Thank you again! God be with you out there everybody. ✝️ :)
Soon after the atomic bomb, China succeeded in detonating a thermo-nuclear bomb and launched its first satellite. This was done with engineers and scientists using calcalators and slide-rulers.
In fact, studying the relationship between communist countries during the Cold War is also a very interesting topic. Unlike capitalist countries, the status of a communist country does not depend entirely on the strength of the country itself, but on the prestige of the leader of the communist country and the level of communist theory. China can submit to the Soviet Union led by Stalin, but disdain the Soviet Union led by Khrushchev. Vietnam can submit to China led by Mao Zedong, but it can provoke China led by Deng Xiaoping. Albania was weak as a communist country at the time, but because the leader Enver Hoxha's communist theory was so outstanding that both the Soviet Union and China had to win him over to support them.
Looks more like the type of government doesn't really matter very much, it's more about interests and tribalism. Nothing new. US has overthrown plenty of democracies. Look at Ukraine, they elected a pro-russian gov and was immediately overthrown by US. Now, it's just a one party state. Not like if you have the same government you'll be friends. You are friends because your interest collides. That's all.
@@keithammleter3824 Before Mao Zedong entered Beijing in 1949, he had been living in the countryside. He was 56 years old at the time, and many living habits could not be changed. Moreover, his ideology does not allow him to live a modern life as soon as he enters the city. In his philosophy, this is a corrupt behavior.
Very good but I wish that the incredible insider information from "The Nuclear Express: A Political History of the Bomb and Its Proliferation: Reed, Thomas C., Stillman, Danny B." would have been used for an even better picture, mentioning why Uranium 235 was first used for an intermediary solution and the role Klaus Fuchs played even here. Btw., who would celebrate China's attainment of nuclear weapons?
Even as of today, four of the nine countries owning atomic bombs are still unable to develop their own hydrogen bombs. However China detonated its first hydrogen bomb in 1966, merely two years after the atomic bomb success. That says everything about the originality of their nuclear project.
As far as I'm aware US, Russia, China, UK, France, India, and Pakistan are the only countries that officially have nukes. Israel may also have them but they don't claim to. Who else has it that you are referring to?
Kennedy(1963): China will never get nuke as long as I am alive.
Deng Jiaxian(1964): True.
Now they are repeating the very same statement and targeting Iran.
yo dude
❤😂
🤣
😂😂😂😂😂😂
My father spent years of his time in the desert and mountains away from our home in Beijing. Tens of thousands scientists, engineers, workers were involved in the project. My father was one of the engineers.
牛
向老一辈致敬👏
And now you are in the Unites States
LIAR
向您父亲致敬！
The very definition of "fine, I'll do it myself". Same thing happened with the international space station.
And now it's the chips. Believe it or not, in 5 years, China will catch up on chip making.
The lesson here will be dont let china do something herself if you want to conquer the world
Communism it issss !!
@@JP-rk6gw
It already caught up.
At least 10 years early than expected.
@@JP-rk6gw not really, as chinese. i think. back to 60 yrs ago, ppl have faith , have spirits. ppl believed in gov and hold the hope to the future . today , china is essentially grown up to be a bureaucratic capitalism country. people's mindset is different
The really hard part of developing atomic weapons isn't the design, it is having the industrial capacity to produce the materials necessary. If you look at the budget of the Manhattan Project, Los Alamos + R&D was only 7.5% of the entire budget. The rest was mostly the industrial infrastructure to produce the enriched uranium and plutonium. The real utility of Soviet aid was the development of the industrial infrastructure that enabled the development of nuclear weapons, and not transfers of specific knowledge about nuclear weapon design.
日本战败后，留在东北的工业基地让苏联抢走你怎么不说？
The science and R&D are just as important in building those machines and infrastructure to make the bomb. The R&D and planning of building a skyscraper may also be dwarfed by the costs associated with actually building it but you can’t have one without the other. The cost does not necessarily = the importance.
@@hollandoats4738 theyare both important. But by the 60s a nuclear bomb wasn’t as cutting edge as it once was in 30s and 40s. It was just a matter of copying much more instead of figuring out the physics and engineering from scratch.
It's the design, bro. Recommended reading: _Plutonium, A History of the World's Most Dangerous Element._ The R&D Los Alamos financed involved the world's smartest men, full stop. There's a very conspicuous reason why Nobel prizes get awarded in a proportion that is fantastically out of whack with China's population, especially if you ignore awards that are given for accomplishments that are fundamentally engineering as opposed to invention or theory. Hindsight, such as concerning the development of the bomb, does not alter this reality. China are conspicuously aware of this discrepancy; it's part of the reason why they're so desperate to make a name in scientific papers that they willfully flood publications with tripe and outright fraud.
@@Asterra2 Funny.If you think China adds lies to your paper, then you should read papers written by Chinese people well, because lies cannot make DF-21
The fact that they were able to figure out the implosion technique in just three years is most impressive.
This guy has no idea whatsoever how the Chinese got the atomic bomb.
When the Jewish Rosenberg couple stolen the atomic bomb planes, and sold it to the Soviet Union, they also gave the patent to Israel.
Israel had the plans how to make the atomic bomb, but not the necessary elements, or the materials.
China had them both. Therefore Israel and China combined their possessions, and made the atomic bomb together.
That is how Israel and China got the atomic bomb in about the same time.
it was published in details by Americans
It was...as with almost everything Chinese, there they took from America, even America's education. You should not be able to study nuclear physics and then go to a different country to help build their nuclear ambitions as China and Israel benefited.
@@the_DOS why didn't other countries do the same thing?
@@the_DOSthat doesn't sound like freedom to me. Hypocritical much?
I remember my friend telling me about how his grandad, who was a party member, illegally went to see the first atomic bomb test. I wish I got to talk to him, but he was living in Chongqing while my friend and I were in Beijing at the time. Really fascinating history, glad that you made a video covering it.
I be seeing chongqing in cyberpunk tiktoks
Another fun story: the factory which is part of the project, was on the edge of shut down due to lack of funding, so they use those centrifuges to make ice cream.... It was called 504 ice cream lol
@@kaymanwangthat's pretty epic
@@kaymanwang
It is weird how beliefs outlive people. People who believed in national socialism in 1939 are dead yet people who love national socialism are alive today. Nukes do make a war costly, high risk, high reward. They are so powerful that earth would be destroyed forever.
There was a nursery rhyme in China that almost every girls in China knew during Cultural Revolution. The first line goes something like: "a little rubber ball, kick it off a structure." However, no one understood what it was about. Only a few years ago, it was revealed it was commemoration of Ma Lan Base which was in the center of Chinese nuclear program. The "little rubber ball" actually refers to the first nuclear bomb which was detonated on a structure.
马兰开花
@@xinalityo 原来是这个意思。我们小时候经常唱这首童谣。
Really, I though it was about Deng Xiaoping's son.
This was a excellent video about a subject I admittedly knew nothing about. Thank you for sharing.
Qian Xuesen, or Hsue-shen Tsien, was a Chinese aerospace engineer and cyberneticist who made significant contributions to the field of aerodynamics and established engineering cybernetics. He moved to the US to study at MIT, from where he was recruited to join Theodore von Kármán's group at Caltech. Wikipedia, He was not a nuclear physicist
He in the end was driven out of the US due to blatant racial discrimination which backfired disastrously as he joined and became the head of the PRC's nascent missile programmes.
@@nicholasmaude6906 Alot of the scientist was driven out of america due to racial issues.
#nichilasmaude Because communists do not steal property especialy intelectual... HAHA
The programmer who wrote the Tetris game (in his spare time) didn't get a cent until the USSR collapsed even though the West was paying for the right to use the program?
Your comment is blatant racial discriminational lie and anyone with little will to check it can confirm it ->Chien-Shiung Wu (Chinese: 吳健雄) -> She was important scientist in Manhattan Project -> she was Chinese -> she was from China -> she was a woman -> no-one kicked her out->and i have the feeling that she helped with development of China attomic weapond even if Asianometry did not found any info about it... ->she wanted to be buried in China...
I remember he was one of the five creator of JPL.
Yes, he is mostly known in China as the 'Father of China's Space Program'. There's a big, new-ish museum dedicated to him at Shanghai's Jiaotong University. Nicely designed building, by the way.
@25:34 It wasn't just the broken treaty, The USSR and PRC were in open ground battles in Manchuria during this time. So from the Chinese perspective, they were caught between 2 nuclear armed enemies (three if you count England, a former colonial invader), which was highly motivational and worth the cost even during the worst of the "Grate leap forward", from their perspective.
I know you hit on that, but I don't think you really emphasized that context enough.
That was in 1969 I think, long after
England has Scotland and northern Ireland in a nuclear vice.
@@ShengYu1995
It was an ongoing thing basically. Russia invaded Xinjiang in 1944, and that was, from the back of my head, Russia's 6th invasion of China.
@@ShengYu1995the sino-soviet split was in 61 with skirmishes being a problem throughout the 60s and early 70s
This channel is a taiwanese dpp channel so he will belittle mainland china every opportunity
Your no-nonsense and comprehensive videos earn an instant like& subscribe from me! Bravo and keep up the stellar work friend! Regards, from TX
I remember studying the Karman-Tsien compressibility correction rule in gas dynamics (aerodynamics) class in 1968 at Manchester University, UK. It was disgraceful that Prof Theodore von Karman never supported his protege Dr Hsueh-Shen Tsien during Sen. McCarthy's disgusting trials. Dr Tsien's bachelor degree in China was in railway engineering. Dr Tsien was a prolific researcher - not just in fluid mechanics. He also wrote several papers in solid mechanics (e.g. warping of solid hollow tubes etc.). A full account of his life and work can be found in the book "Thread of the Silkworm" by Iris Chang.
At least in China, one of the hyper sonic ballistic reentry method was named after him. Which is a key to modern hypersonic missiles. I think that method is like bouncing multiple time with atmosphere, which not only greatly increase the range, but also make the missile much harder to intercept.
In Europe and the United States, at least among the English speaking people, deep-rooted racial discrimination and the idea of a superior ethnic group remain deeply ingrained. France, Germany, and even Iran are the same, they still feel that the Chinese are inferior. This is a cultural imprint left by the colonial era that lasted for 400 years, and it is difficult to easily remove them.
Also, I wish you good health.
实际上在过去几千年里，欧洲（美国没有历史）远远落后于中国@@siroyiryuu
Witness of history, I wish you good health.
Good ol LeMay.....always willing to step up and make any tense situation worse.
And that is just what he was saying in public. In private he planned, in the event of war, to steal the nukes that were under the control of the civilian AEC and decide for himself who to bomb
Likewise MacArthur wanted to use nukes on the Chinese when they attacked in N. Korea - it was one of the issues that led to his firing by Truman. It's a good thing US military is under firm civilian control.
@@cv990a4 McArthur and LeMay...it's an F-ing miracle we never went to war with those two running loose. Luckily we've had competent civilian leadership or competent military leadership during dark times. Except for the Vietnam war when (in my opinion) civilian and military leadership was feckless.
I was a marketing major so...I know these things.
@@theodoreolson8529 The low point wasn't Vietnam. That was dumb, but then Cheney said "hold my beer" and engineered the US invasion of Iraq. That was the low point. I always thought, growing up, that we'd never again be stupid enough to do another Vietnam. And I was right - we did something far worse.
and the second that ended the Democrats got us into a proxy war with Russia. I'm beginning to think the military industrial complex doesn't actually want world peace
Very good video, as always.
Just one small correction: 21:45 says: _"The key issue the Chinese bomb design needed to do was to properly synchronize the high explosives so to kickstart a series of nuclear chain reactions. A bad timing issue means stray neutrons running around - a premature neutron burst resulting in an overall unsatisfactory performance."_
The story is a little bit more nuanced. First, multiple detonators need to fire simultaneously within about a microsecond, simply because without this the symmetrical implosion does not happen, and the material does not get compressed to a sufficiently supercritical state for a rapid chain reaction.
Second, the chain reaction needs to start at the precise moment this supercritical state is achieved -- not sooner, not later. To prevent premature chain reaction, the compression of plutonium needs to be much more rapid than the rate at which neutrons happen spontaneously. This is the whole point why explosively driven compression is used for plutonium -- to make it quick, because in plutonium there is a high rate of spontaneous fission. For uranium this aspect is not important, because there is no such background. But using implosion for uranium allows to make a bomb from several times smaller amount of uranium. (The explosives actually compress the metal, and a smaller amount can be made supercritical.) That is why China used this method.
To start the reaction at the moment of greatest supercriticality, a powerful source of neutrons must fire at exactly the right moment, again with the precision of a microsecond or so.
In the first nuclear bombs the neutron source was a mechanical device in the middle of the bomb, and it was set off by the implosion itself mixing different materials in the source. This automatically guaranteed correct timing. In the later bombs, an electronic neutron generator was used instead, located outside of the fissile material. This required firing the pulse of neutrons with a carefully calculated delay after firing the detonators.
I have to correct you here. Such weapons have never been created as those reactions are pure fantasy. But it is funny that guys like you buy propaganda about them and parrot it.
Wouldn't an out-of-synch detonation just destroy the fissile material?
@@theotherohlourdespadua1131 it would "fizzle"- (thats the term). maybe some limited chain reaction, but mostly, an explosive disassembly of your expensive nuclear device.
(depending on how bad your synchronization is, and i guess how optimized the design- a fat man spherical implosion or two- point explosive lens is propaply more robust than a miniaturized nuke )
@@nos9784 Only in fantasy world.
@@theotherohlourdespadua1131 Since a few decades ago, US bombs are specifically designed for safety in accidents, such that they would not produce a nuclear explosion if only a single detonator fires. This is called "one point safe design". This requires certain amount of effort to achieve. In weapons that are not one point safe, even an asymmetrical implosion can result in a sizable nuclear yield, albeit typically much reduced compared to the full scale explosion. Older US weapons were not necessarily one point safe, and it is not known whether weapons of other countries are.
Your research and presentation are always impressive. Thanks for your hard work.
Fascinating. Your whole channel looks very interesting. Binge worthy for sure!!
Qian Xuesen was a Chinese aerospace engineer and cyberneticist , not a nuclear physicist.
He still was part of the manhattan project, he wasnt nuclear physicist but still take part of it, something that help partially to make the nukes.
To be plain, he helped other scientists to solve the basic science and made the nuclear bomb fly. :)
This channel just doesnt research enough when it comes to china due to his taiwanese bias
Co founder of JPL in NASA
Thanks for your interesting and informative videos.
Imagine my surprise to see, at 7:40, in a video about the Chinese atomic bomb, a photograph showing the Irish Taoiseach, Eamonn de Valera, sitting in the centre of the front row!
Alongside Arthur Eddington, Paul Dirac and Erwin Schrodinger. It's remarkable that Peng Huanwu, who went on to be one of the leaders of the Chinese nuclear weapons programme, was based at the Dublin Institute of Advanced Studies in the early 1940s, and that this meeting of eminent physicists took place there in 1942, in the midst of the largest war ever to occur in Europe.
Yeah a lot of problems in Ireland, Rental prices, lack of house development, infrastructure stagnation is caused by socialist policies ther unfortunately same goes with most of EU nations and UK as well, they had always been backstabbers to the nations of the west , even US is run by traitors
My stepmother used to watch the nukes in Nevada from on top of her house apparently. She had a special guy fly in that just deals with issues arising from fallout exposure. Looked over her charts and said her issues weren't nuclear related.
Sounds like the specialist knew more about protecting the US government from paying out money than about radiation related disease
Another good research and reporting.
Keep up the great work.
This guy has no idea whatsoever how the Chinese got the atomic bomb.
When the Jewish Rosenberg couple stolen the atomic bomb planes, and sold it to the Soviet Union, they also gave the patent to Israel.
Israel had the plans how to make the atomic bomb, but not the necessary elements, or the materials.
China had them both. Therefore Israel and China combined their possessions, and made the atomic bomb together.
That is how Israel and China got the atomic bomb in about the same time.
Thank you, I know a lot about the American, British, Russian, and Israel's nuclear weapons development efforts as I am an electrical engineer, I am by nature fascinated by such high technology projects as this. This has highlighted me about something I knew very little. I was not aware of their Gaseous diffusion plant, at their Lanzhou Nuclear Fuel Complex as this is new for me. Nor was I aware that they used uranium with an implosion design. The only reason they used the implosion design with plutonium was because the presence of Pu-240 meant that the bomb would start to pre-detonate long before a critical mass could be attained with gun design plutonium bomb, although the Americans did attempt to design a gun type plutonium bomb. Uranium 235 does not have that problem.
Thank you, as this is content and reporting you rarely hear about.
China had their sights on a stockpile from day one.
I'm honestly not sure if this is a real comment or a bot...
I've read of Seismic activity in the Negev in 1963 that couldn't be determined.
This pretty much shows t j at the real trick is getting the pure radioactive fuel for thr bombs that is the trickiest part.
The precision timing of the explosives is an important detail back in the dark ages of ww2 making the triggers was pretty difficult the U.S. effort had a trigger failure in the lab just prior to the use of the first plutonium bomb. There was some concer that dropping a bomb might just be a delivery of highly enriched fissile material if the bomb malfunctioned then Japan would have all they needed to make a bomb to drop on The U. S.
2018 Huawei was sanctioned.
2023 Huawei Mate Pro 60 is born with Chinese self made 7nm chips.
The force of will, something to think about. 😊
I thought about it, and it only goes so far. Kruchev was definitely right when he adhered to the motto "beter ten halve gekeerd dan ten hele gedwaald" or whatever the Russian equivalent of that Dutch saying was. It means "better turn around halfway than stray completely". Also, politicians in general, Deng Xiaoping in this case, will always embelish to look good. After the man-made hardship that China had gone through, it would legit be something to be proud of but that doesn't mean he shouldn't make it look even better!
Khrushchev was ousted 4 days before the detonation.
带着你的小岛消失😊
Great video, well researched, not biased against either the West, China or the Soviets, very informative and the subject matter is very interesting. I think a good director could make a nice movie about this story, provided he's given enough creative freedom.
edit: it has been brought to my attention that there is already a movie on this, 横空出世 or "Roaring across the horizon"
I mean its pretty biased against the Soviet Union and China, but still factual information and a good video!
@@larllarfleton how so?
@@fedyx1544 To begin with, the security of a nation has no price especially after the Chinese experience in the korean war against Murica. To stress that the cost of the Chinese nuclear program was exhorbitant at the time given the hardships the Chinese were going through is a biased view if you don't also stress the context in which this program became a pressing issue for the Chinese national security. So, it's pretty obvious that a biased bent to the narrative that jumped to the eye.
@@bobmorane4926 Pointing to resource allocation and how much went into each pot is bias?
@Bob Morane Watch it again, he focused on the United States threats to China early on in the video and doesn't sugarcoat how maniacal they got. What was he just not supposed to mention that compared to other Nuclear powers at that point China was working with far fewer resources and was at thatpoint the only developing nation to work towards it and achieve it?
Hello "Asianometry"! Thank you for showing us such a wonderful video! I feel so happy! I'm looking forward to your next work! Have a nice day!
This guy has no idea whatsoever how the Chinese got the atomic bomb.
When the Jewish Rosenberg couple stolen the atomic bomb planes, and sold it to the Soviet Union, they also gave the patent to Israel.
Israel had the plans how to make the atomic bomb, but not the necessary elements, or the materials.
China had them both. Therefore Israel and China combined their possessions, and made the atomic bomb together.
That is how Israel and China got the atomic bomb in about the same time.
You forget France in your introduction, its first nuclear bomb dates back from feb 13, 1960 or 4 years before the Chinese one. Chinese was therefore the 6th and not 5th nuclear armed nation.
I was about to write the same. DeGaulle Force de Frappe
"The US, the USSR and the UK as one of the five atomic powers..."
That's only four, including China. These guys cannot count and forgot France.
I never have any idea what your next video might be about. They are always entertaining and educational to watch, no matter the topic.
Great video ! Well researched, unbiased and great historic information ! Keep up the fantastic work and may God bless you always !
In fact,it's really difficult for Chinese to make nuclear weapon because the blockade techniques.They even not have computer,so they use the abacus
🧮
Yes, my predecessors suffered too much, but they also did the greatest thing! !
Good video covering the topic, thanks!
Also, I saw a sneaky photo where the source was Dall-E 2? Was one of the images generated?
Interesting choice of topic! Came to nerd out on semiconductor tech, stay for history, business, and everything else.
I always enjoy when geopolitics mixes with science. This was a great one 👏
Sexy Zhou Enlai was pretty rad
Victor M Deru,
TH-cam, PhD levels will never work here, you need audience !
You can never trust Arabs, or Communists, only trust the West.
Geopolitics is what drives technology in a lot of cases.
Good material good writing good narration A ++ overall do more please
Your research and presentation are always impressive. Thanks for your hard work.. Your research and presentation are always impressive. Thanks for your hard work..
That was excellent. Thank you for your work in sharing this history.
Solid content
No bias, no BS.
Suggestion: review the chinese nuclear deterrence strategy document.
For all the fear and paranoia propaganda we consume in the west concerning China, their nuclear policy is level headed and reasonable.
Where can we read this document
This video is quite biased though….
@@johnny5584 google "no first strike" and "china nuclear deterrence doctrine"
Good luck.
@@NeostormXLMAX lol nope
@@NeostormXLMAX this channel has always had a bias
Excellent presentation! Thanks for the history lesson!
Great video. If I'm allowed to be picky ...
1. Qian Xuesen was by no means a nuclear physicist. He was a brilliant aerodynamics engineer.
2. Mao's attitude to Khrushchev's secret report on Stalin was "dialectical" and not at all personal. His own words were "Khrushchev uncovered (the truth) but caused trouble" and "comrade Stalin made grave mistakes but (Stalinism) shouldn't be abandoned completely".
3. Chinese scientists and officials will of course downplay Soviet's role, but without Soviet's guidance and help, China's nuclear bomb project would be a mission impossible.
I would say that China nuclear bomb was inevitable since US does not have an effective method to prevent development like that with Iran.
没有苏联的帮助 中国也会拥有核武器 时间长一点而已
@@user-yt7bz4bx4o 对。我的意思是不太可能在1960年代就完成原子弹。氢弹的基础是原子弹，就更不可能了。
Not impossible, would've just taken several more decades.
@@johnmackenzie3871 that's what impossible means in that context. Ofc technological challenges only ever get easier.
By impossible they surely meant "impossible to complete in that decade".
The political weight of China would have been a lot different without that development that early. Even its seat in the UN security council wouldn't necessarily have been come that early. And Russia might have reacted differently to the skirmishes of the 60s and 70s.
Very interesting and informative, thank you! 😊
This will be China once it catches up in EUV and semiconductors, "Exceptionalism" exists everywhere, the key factor in anything is to know if it's possible, if we know it's possible, brilliant minds will do it, and China has plenty.
They will have to invent their own optics industry aswell, if it is possible for China to catch up they will need to do the work of several nations and decades of research in the next few years and given how many chip founders go bankrupt after wasting billions of RMB I cant see this happening. There is a reason why EUV tech is only know and controlled by a few companies.
isn't China basically already the world leader in economy and education right now? and manufacturing? I'm confused
The Chinese keep saying with a chuckle that there's nothing godly or supernatural, it's all human creations that can be reproduced by whoever has the will and the resources. I don't think they ever believed in exceptionalism and they're starting to rub it in the muricans faces.
@@supabass4003 Asml has Carl zeiss, Japs have Nikon and Canon. I thought the Chinese hv their own optics industry leader , who is it again ?
@@clown134 Not exactly, China is a leading manufacturing place, it's really good in plenty of areas such as material science and such, but it has areas to catch up at the very high end (where most profit is located).
One of those areas is chip manufacturing, first of all you need 3 requirements to manufacture a Chip, The ability to design a Chip (China does have this), access to commonly used architectures today (X86 or ARM, both propietary of the west, China no longer possesses access to this at least not for important stuff), and lastly, semiconductors, which is what Chips are made of.
In the case of Design as I said China has the expertise and can design advanced Chips fairly easily, in the case of architecture, this is harder, because even though China knows how to do stuff in those architectures, they cannot officially do it because of licensing problems, so they are switching ATM to RISC-V which is an alternative architecture which is open source and won't suffer from licensing issues and or blacklisting by America or its allies. Lastly, the most important and hardest one is semiconductors.
Right now China can reliably make semi modern semiconductors with decent yield, the problem starts when you need ones for more advanced applications, such as supercomputers, AI Chips or even the latest consumer CPUs.
They are on sub 10nm (actually 5nm and lower), China has managed to design and produce 7nm semiconductors but with low yield, let alone anything below that. Reason? They lack the tools to make them.
China does not posses DUV (up to around 2010s) (although it's working on these), let alone EUV machines (made by ASML utilizing like 100k parts from different countries, including the US), this is the biggest hurdle to China, it needs to produce these.
Japan was the leader in DUV in the 90s but then US trade war and restrictions made Japan unable to cooperate with America in EUV design, then America cooperated instead with the netherlands and ASML managed to produce EUV, Nikon (Japan) almost got there, stopped at the 2nd prototype, but they gave up cause it was too late/too expensive mid 2008-2011 economic crisis.
China is currently on a massive effort to make these machines, but it will likely take them maybe to close to 2030(?) to get close to the west, unless of course a breakthrough happens for even smaller semiconductor node sizes, but even then they would still need to catch up in EUV to produce stuff that requires those nodes.
Excellent video. Very interesting, informative and worthwhile video.
Worth waiting for the ‘Back to the Future’ photo etc.
How many secrets do shredders divulge ‘back in the day’…?
ALL OF THEM!
Very interesting video of a developing and growing China during uncertain and volatile times. Keep the videos, analysis and synopsis, jokes and political innuendo coming..
Although China has mastered nuclear technology, its number of nuclear bombs has always been maintained at the level of self-defense. It has not wantonly expanded the number of nuclear bombs, and deployed nuclear weapons overseas to create nuclear threats to others.
One of my friends (very old now, I don't know if she is still alive) is a lady who did her studies in France with a Chinese student. He called her much later and gave his name, asking her if she remembered him. He then said that he had become the father of the Chinese atomic bomb.
Is she lady Currie?
@@jchanmcse No. She worked in the Curie institute.
the Chinese student must be 钱三强
@@Myst21Sid I suppose I could ask the lady, but she must be about 95 years old and might have trouble remembering.
@@Myst21Sid 参与研究的人不止新闻上说的那么几个，很多都是幕后工作，我们知道的只是主要的几个领导
Great educational series. well done.
It's ok. It will be rated the square of its actual yield, won't go off about 50% of the time right out of the box, but at only $0.37/unit, they will set them off like it's new year's eve.
Today, it’s semiconductor, very similar situation, the Americans still the main reason why China need the advanced chips technology but the actual factor that propel China needs to achieve the breakthrough as soon as possible is not Russia technical help but the absent of Netherland and Japan equipments. Chinese experts working in US still receive same treatments from the Americans, many coming back to help the motherland, history proven China can achieve anything if they fully put their efforts into it.
Yes, the more they steal IP from other countries & commit corporate espionage, they'll eventually steal enough to catch up!
Too bad creating nothing of your own leads to zero soft power or influence outside of your own country
i dont think semi conductors are that easy . amercians are like far far ahead of any country in semi conductor technology , i learned somewhere ibm has created on of the brilliant semi conductors , and figuring out the machine which prints on fab is made in netherlands and america now being active in this field is not possible for chinese , it might take them decades , in that much time americans will be far more ahead of them , people underestimate american technology leap compared to rest of the world combined .
@@opai1821 u got so much confident on Americunt technology but even Americunts got no confident, they imposes sanction after sanction until they no longer got any bullet left to do anything to China. Lol.
@@CouchDoritos 现在美国已经没有人力资源和制度资源跟中国在科学技术领域pk了。最多10年，中国将在所有科学技术领域碾压盎傻集团。目前之所以还有很多人闭眼崇美或看低中国，主要是他们因为看不清存量技术和新增技术的区别。前年杨洁篪面对布林克的挑衅说“你们没有资格跟中国说以实力出发打交道”是有实力依据的。
Weird way to say treason.
I really appreciate your attention to punctuating Chinese words correctly! Most TH-camrs covering China topics are inapt in even pronouncing Xi (They usually go with Xse) Jinping correctly!
He's Taiwanese
you dont even watch the second video of his...
I really love your jokes. They come out of the blue and are really funny!
ty
Fresh capital combine with increased utility for drip specifically in the form of games from other community is in my opinion, the only way to price appreciation. Coach, it's great that you are awareness to others and hopefully when the next bullrun happens it will bring the price up (only in the short run) please collaborate with other developers like bitfighters, drip21, and spritz finance to setup a runway when the bullrun happens. I think also that the next bullrun will comes from Asia specifically China cause bankruns on Chinese banks have already eroded confidence from Chinese citizens and there is a growing adoption for cryptocurency.
"Sexy Zhou Enlai"
🤣😭🤣😂🤣🔥 I guess you're not wrong, find it absolutely hilarious that I was thinking "Is he sexy, maybe. Wtf why is this happening"
... So good work as always!
I was a teenager when I saw Zhou En-lai in a motorcade that passed our home.
Sometimes you have to salute to these Chinese scientists, generation by generation, they have not given up, determined to go extra mile for their goals.
China is going to the moon in the next 4 year. Let see how many countries will tune in to watch it. West will finally accept China as a competitor.
@@Linkwii64 It's _accept,_ not except. Except means _to leave out._
@@hananokuni2580 corrected
@@hananokuni2580 Finicky! You knew what he meant.
@@yawos9024 OK, OK, I get it! Gotta cut some slack.
Let's remember that we have non-native English speakers reading our comments. We native speakers know when to distinguish between _accept_ and _except,_ but a non-native English speaker with limited experience will more often than not get confused.
Very good program, listened to it from start to finish & didn't get bored...for some reason.
Making the A-Bomb is similar to experimenting in firecrackers. It becomes regulated when it blows off your thumb.
I love the Asian history you make so much. Semiconductors are cool but this is why I started watching. Love to see more Taiwan and Shanghai content!
The country of Taiwan is an impressive place, except for the shark finning industry.
@@southbound1969 province *
@@ali99_82 The country of Taiwan has NEVER been ruled by or pays taxes to dirty China.
He is from taiwan so all his videos about china are biased, he is also an american citizen so he keeps shilling and defending America especially when it comes to them destroying japans economy
@@NeostormXLMAX Only taiwanese actually understand Taiwan. Not some mainlanders who know nothing about the locals.
20:48 Noice! LOL. your delivery reminds me of one of my favourite professors back in the day. Thank you
The ratiocinative quality & erudition on display in these videos is astonishing. In my opinion, this is the best video since your Japan eating the rich one.
Amazing research. Thank you for the history lesson.
Well informed and clearly explained,..
How much Russian tech transfer mattered is like asking how much the Soviet bomb program benefitted from espionage. The basic physics is well known, and the fact that someone had solved the engineering problem earlier is critical.
It's harder to get the material to make it than to design it
@@user-pd9ju5dk5s It is hard to create something which has never been created and proven in reality.
@@kordelas2514 It was already proven by the Americans when they dropped it on Japan. China wasnt the first
@@user-pd9ju5dk5s How did you verify it? Do you claim that damage done in Japan could be done only by those weapons and not napalm and mustard gas?
@@kordelas2514 if you have a statement to make, please state it.
Very interest and comprehensive program! Congratulations!
“Underestimating your enemy”The most common mistake in history.
When Soviet pull back the support, Chinese developed the bomb faster.
When US sanction the use of ISS, Chinese progress into building their own space station.
When USA sanction chip making equipment and software, Chinese expedite and built their own.
Crisis precipitates change
当你的朋友不再把他的作业给你去抄，你将不得不自己去完成作业。效果显而易见，成绩提高。中国就是这样的情况
@@user-ho2hg1pf3k ， 肯定不是平白拿来抄，都是一个交易。像到外国留学一样，付钱换知识，要有志气才会干的事，不然在乡下耕田算了。
钱付了，讲师又不来教课，学生唯有自强。这样才是中国的情况。
The world should be thankful that Russia and China posses technology to make nuclear bomb. Imagine if USA and Uk are the only countries with Nuclear weapon, they would have colonised the world.
When China can no longer buy advanced chips they rebrand Intel chips and call them their own.
For someone who stands completely on the Western side, it is indeed difficult to understand the self-reliance and self-improvement of the Chinese people
another absolute banger from Asianometry
Similar story of Huawei processor 😅. Self develop when left / force behind
My granddad actually worked on the china nuclear program in the 60s. There are still things he cannot tell us because of national secret, but he did go to tsinghua university in the late 50s.
Maybe the national secret is that China never built a nuclear bomb as U.S./soviets never built one since nuclear bombs not real. It was only national fear propaganda made in Hollywood Basement.
That's a happy ending.
my parents worked at the facility where deng jiaxian, the father of the chinese a bomb, as theoretical physicists. they dont talk about what they did tho....
This guy has no idea whatsoever how the Chinese got the atomic bomb.
When the Jewish Rosenberg couple stolen the atomic bomb planes, and sold it to the Soviet Union, they also gave the patent to Israel.
Israel had the plans how to make the atomic bomb, but not the necessary elements, or the materials.
China had them both. Therefore Israel and China combined their possessions, and made the atomic bomb together.
That is how Israel and China got the atomic bomb in about the same time.
neither should you.
they probably shouldn't talk about what they did
希望你也替你爸妈保密，这是油管，害人之心不可有，防人之心不可无。
小心你成为有心人士盯梢的对象。
So the Chinese litterally finished the bomb by putting pieces of shredded paper back together, let this be a lesson to everyone else, dont shred important or even non important documents, just incinerate everything or use dissapearing ink.
Nice videos, and information 😊
"too sexy to disclose" got me!
21:15 The first american atom bomb detonation was Trinity nuclear tesst on 16.7.1945 and it was a plutonium implosion design.
In 1969, the relationship between China and the Soviet Union was very bad. There are rumors that China's intercontinental ballistic trajectory design targets are: launching missiles anywhere in mainland China can hit Moscow.
Not really related, but @ 3:19, that is a really fresh fade for the dude behind Mao, especially for the time period.
“让一切内外反动派在我们面前发抖吧！让他们去说我们这也不行那也不行吧！中国人民不屈不挠地努力，必将稳步地达到自己的目的！”
Your face Chinese stubborn people! Feeling high 😂
米を植えるときも米を刈り入れるときも我慢が要ります。
😂 just like Americans
@@hananokuni2580 中華民族が繁栄して強くなったら、まず軍国主義日本を排除することだ！
@@bronzebuilder2115 At least we didn't kill native American Indians and made their scalps into boots.
Did you hear about the two atomic bombs that got into an argument?
They had a fallout.
Dad science jokes, kill me.
plz make another video on how china got their first carrier, would be another interesting story
I like how the Chinese fooled their enemies cleverly. It’s ironic, the same thing happened to China’s space program when the US denied China’s entry into the ISS, which accelerated their path to space. Thumbs up to the Chinese.
You make the best content, thanks for sharing
every BRAIN regardless of of where they Came has a HUGE POTENTIAL!!! greetings from Mexico!!
Let's use the potential to build a weapon that can kill millions to make the world a better place. 😂 Every brain regardless of where it comes from also has the potential for greed and stupidity
20:47 I'm dead
0:12 "With this, China joined United States, Soviet Union and Great Britain as one of the five atomic powers." - You did France dirty ;)
What an incredibility articulated and quality piece of work. I'm just blown away by the quality of contents from this and other "China" related channels. I have to purge all the propagandas that I've learned through western my education and media.
@Jizz I didn't think of that...didn't cross my mind. And I'm happy that he's a fellow American. In fact, I'm even more impressed. LOL Besides, it doesn't change anything in regards to the content.
Keep that mindset of purging western education lies and misdirections because it’s rampant my friend. Cheers.
This guy has no idea whatsoever how the Chinese got the atomic bomb.
When the Jewish Rosenberg couple stolen the atomic bomb planes, and sold it to the Soviet Union, they also gave the patent to Israel.
Israel had the plans how to make the atomic bomb, but not the necessary elements, or the materials.
China had them both. Therefore Israel and China combined their possessions, and made the atomic bomb together.
That is how Israel and China got the atomic bomb in about the same time.
Ahem infographics show
@@cjclark1208
As Chinese, may China purge it’s own propaganda and censorship as well. Cheers
Can you make a video on Turkish drone industry?
**Summary of the TH-cam video "How China Got the Bomb" by Asianometry**
This video describes the history of China's nuclear weapons program, from its beginnings in the early 1950s to its first successful nuclear test in 1964.
The video begins by explaining the context in which China decided to develop nuclear weapons. After the Chinese Civil War in 1949, the People's Republic of China was a relatively weak and isolated country. The United States and the Soviet Union were the only two nuclear powers at the time, and they were both hostile to China. Chinese leader Mao Zedong believed that developing nuclear weapons was essential for China's security and sovereignty.
In 1955, China and the Soviet Union signed a treaty of friendship and cooperation, which included a provision for the Soviets to help China develop nuclear weapons. However, the Soviets withdrew their support in 1959 after relations between the two countries deteriorated.
Despite the Soviet withdrawal, China continued its nuclear weapons program. In 1964, China successfully detonated its first nuclear bomb. The test was a major milestone in Chinese history, and it made China the fifth nuclear power in the world.
The video concludes by discussing the implications of China's nuclear weapons program. China's nuclear arsenal has deterred any foreign power from attacking China directly. However, China's nuclear weapons have also contributed to the proliferation of nuclear weapons in Asia.
**Time stamps:**
* 0:00-1:00 - Introduction
* 1:00-2:30 - Context: China's decision to develop nuclear weapons
* 2:30-3:30 - Soviet assistance and withdrawal
* 3:30-4:30 - China's independent nuclear weapons program
* 4:30-5:30 - China's first nuclear test
* 5:30-6:30 - Implications of China's nuclear weapons program
* 6:30-7:00 - Conclusion
Please note that this is a summary of the main points of the video, and it does not include all of the details. If you are interested in learning more about China's nuclear weapons program, I recommend watching the full video.
Space Station, Chip war… History repeats itself, and surely we’ll get more big surprises too!
In the Korea war, General MacArthur had a plan to drop 34 nuclear bombs on China before he was sacked (Wikipedia). In 1960s Britain also planned to use nuclear bombs in case of a war broke out in Southeast Asia or Hong Kong was invaded.
Is there a point there somewhere? They had plans of what to do if things went south with the allies as well, and it’s a good thing. A military that doesn’t look at the possibility of conflicts and how to handle them isn’t doing it’s job properly.
@@smeagle3295 sure, but nations dont go openly stating they want to nuke you. Which the us and the soviets very much did to china. That is, openly threaten nuclear annihilation.
I remember reading that. General MacArthur clashed with President Truman over the bomb controversy. MacArthur didn't want to go through another long drawn out war like he did in WW1 and WW2. Truman just thought it was too dangerous considering the Soviets would likely retaliate against the US.
@@winnienguyen4420 所以中国在美苏冷战时期在全国狂挖了一万个防空洞
Mutual criticism and the withdrawal of Soviet aid began in 1959.
After the Soviet intervention in Czechoslovakia, China severely criticized the Soviet Union as a "red imperialist", and the border conflict occurred in 1969. (Because Vietnam refused to criticize the Soviet Union about the Prague Spring, China began to withdraw some aid to Vietnam, and after the death of Mao Zedong, China stopped all aid to Vietnam)
The "Washington Post" revealed that the Soviet Union planned to conduct a "surgical" strike against China.
From the mid-1960s until 1989, the Soviet Union was China's main defense target.
Because Vietnam was allied with the Soviet Union, this led to a border war between China and Vietnam from 1979-1989.
The economic difficulties from the 1950s to the 1980s cannot be simply attributed to Mao Zedong’s economic policies, but because most of the experience was in wars or building defense industries to prepare for possible wars, and also to assist other international allies (Africa, Southeast Asia, Algeria, etc. )
You made me do a double take there with that "noice" did i hear that right. 😂
Always wondered if a U-235 implosion device had ever been devised.
Thank you for this thoroughly detailed episode! I would be interested in videos on other nations' nuclear programs too if you ever wanted to do them. Thank you again!
God be with you out there everybody. ✝️ :)
Soon after the atomic bomb, China succeeded in detonating a thermo-nuclear bomb and launched its first satellite.
This was done with engineers and scientists using calcalators and slide-rulers.
The Soviet Union pretty much gave China the technology for everything it has today from jets to missiles to space launch vehicles. I still wonder why.
I think the Soviet Union wants to cultivate a loyal ally, and it sees this potential in China.
Fantastic presentation. Always amazing to learn about Asian history. Something we almost completely don't learn in the western world
Your sense of humour is far from perfect and I'm really grateful for that
In fact, studying the relationship between communist countries during the Cold War is also a very interesting topic. Unlike capitalist countries, the status of a communist country does not depend entirely on the strength of the country itself, but on the prestige of the leader of the communist country and the level of communist theory. China can submit to the Soviet Union led by Stalin, but disdain the Soviet Union led by Khrushchev. Vietnam can submit to China led by Mao Zedong, but it can provoke China led by Deng Xiaoping. Albania was weak as a communist country at the time, but because the leader Enver Hoxha's communist theory was so outstanding that both the Soviet Union and China had to win him over to support them.
Looks more like the type of government doesn't really matter very much, it's more about interests and tribalism. Nothing new. US has overthrown plenty of democracies. Look at Ukraine, they elected a pro-russian gov and was immediately overthrown by US. Now, it's just a one party state. Not like if you have the same government you'll be friends. You are friends because your interest collides. That's all.
A not unimportant factor in this is that when Mao went to Moscow, he turned out to be not toilet trained. And his personal hygiene was none too good.
@@keithammleter3824 Before Mao Zedong entered Beijing in 1949, he had been living in the countryside. He was 56 years old at the time, and many living habits could not be changed. Moreover, his ideology does not allow him to live a modern life as soon as he enters the city. In his philosophy, this is a corrupt behavior.
@@keithammleter3824 2023年了还有人信台湾和美国CIA共同出版的关于毛泽东的私人保健医生的回忆录。
Ideology is just label tag...everything depends on power
Very good but I wish that the incredible insider information from "The Nuclear Express: A Political History of the Bomb and Its Proliferation: Reed, Thomas C., Stillman, Danny B." would have been used for an even better picture, mentioning why Uranium 235 was first used for an intermediary solution and the role Klaus Fuchs played even here. Btw., who would celebrate China's attainment of nuclear weapons?
Even as of today, four of the nine countries owning atomic bombs are still unable to develop their own hydrogen bombs. However China detonated its first hydrogen bomb in 1966, merely two years after the atomic bomb success. That says everything about the originality of their nuclear project.
Some would say even the atomic bomb is somewhat suicidal. They wouldn't _need_ anything bigger.
As far as I'm aware US, Russia, China, UK, France, India, and Pakistan are the only countries that officially have nukes. Israel may also have them but they don't claim to. Who else has it that you are referring to?
@@winnienguyen4420 Didn't the repugnant little dictator in North Korea detonate a nuke or two during Obama's watch?