Morocco (and Africa in general) as hotbed of mosasaur evolution excites me because this means more paleontological significance for continents outside North America and Europe.
Same for mammals in the southern continents now with the discoveries of Orretherium, Patogorhynchus and Patagomaia. The southern continents in general are underexplored in terms of paleontology and long underprioritized due to colonalism and racism, and sadly many fossils are just sold to illegal markets
Not uncommon. Grizzly bears catching salmon only eat about 25 percent of each salmon, selectively eating only the parts highest in fat content, such as the eggs.
@oberonpanopticon not really I mean if something became naturally rare then it would just be natures course but if its rare by the actions of humans we should help it survive atleast
@@afunnytheropod It’s an interesting dilemma. Do we owe it to help sharks survive non-human threats because we were the ones who reduced their populations to begin with?
The shark-hunting of Great Whites by Orcas is a new phenomena. It was first reported in 2009 but has since spread rapidly through the Orca population no doubt because of their incredible ability to communicate complex ideas to each other. They only eat the livers which seems odd for a large carnivore, but apparently the livers provide a special nutritional value that they need. Unfortunately, in the areas where this hunting is going on the shark population is crashing and may be wiped out soon. The Great White is already endangered and this could be a final blow in the places the Orcas hunt. I would hate to see that happen, but evolution marches on.
I've thought that a lack of oxygen is what caused life to take hold in a way that is now not conducive for the process required due to higher levels of O2.
Weird. I never assumed hypothetical life on Europa would be aerobic. I just assumed chemotrophy, and phototrophy not producing free oxygen like purple sulfur bacteria.
Can anyone tell me about the extinction of marine reptiles at the end of the Cretaceous? Did they all die off? Any evidence of any members surviving beyond that time?
Icthyosaurs died off earlier in the Cretaceous along with the pliosaurs. Mosasaurs and long-necked plesiosaurs died out at the end of the Cretaceous. One marine reptile group did survive, however: Turtles
basilosaurus. otherwise the phrase is "basilosaurid[,] related to the famous [...] basilosaurids" which is not only redundant but slightly inaccurate - like saying you're related to yourself
Question, why does Europa having less oxygen matter? Life on earth most likely didn’t start that way. It’s believed that oxygen was actually toxic to the first life on earth and was a waste product of said life. Too much oxygen may have actually caused the earth’s first mass extinction event. Besides that though who says life has to evolve like ours and use oxygen at all?
Whoa dude, sounds like your brain is functioning properly! Get that checked out by a doctor, they've got meds for that 😅 Seriously, thank God for open minded intelligent people. And thank you for stating what you stated; we don't know nothin'!
You may note the research talks about production, not concentration. As you mentioned, life may produce oxygen as a waste product. Thus, if production of oxygen is high, it is likely that purely chemical processes are insufficient to explain it, and life is likely. The lower production means it is much less likely life is involved in making all that oxygen.
@@joshcorbett9674 My money is on the poisonous soup that we’re making out of our oceans. Just another drain on their health that they can’t escape. I’m really not feeling humanity these days…
Yeah, Cartoon Doug. Shhhhuuuurrreeeee! You expect me to believe, after writing out all the indiviual articles for each of the topics covered, you some how have no idea, at all, no inkling what the episde was about. That, in absence of an intro on a script, you suddenly have forgotten everything you just finished spending hours creating. Nice humor. 😂😂😂😂
considering they dont have skull remains, why have they portrayed perucetus with such a tiny head in relation to its body that body shape literally makes no sense for aerodynamic properties or for eating (anything really) underwater
@@Jay-ho9io have you seen a manatee? their heads are very large in comparison to their body they are also VERY slow swimmers and purely bottom feeding plant eaters, meaning their lack of aerodynamic properties are not really a downside while basilosaurids were carnivorous (at least all known so far)
@@gregsmw basilosaurids are, to the best of our knowledge, carnivorous. But that wasn't the statement that you originally made which was why I was gently knocking it. Smöl head, giant body works just fine for nature's roly poly saltwater hippo lozenge
I just don’t get why scientists look and be like, oh there’s not enough oxygen here for life here, let’s move on Like oxygen levels use to differ here with life..why can’t life find a way in lesser amounts of oxygen or higher? Why does life need oxygen to live? Just cause we all do on earth doesn’t mean everything has to live off of oxygen
I would like to know about that ai computer program that proved that T-Rex actually ran and how much it weighs and see how it would put together that whale .
Pffft...not like I ever bought that bunk about Perucetus being the heaviest animal ever and weighing over 300 freaking tons XD After all, it's a 17-20 meter basilosaurid known from very fragmentary remains, and no matter how dense its bones were, it was not going to top a 30-meter, 200-ton blue whale XD This was Simbakubwa all over again.
@@bustavonnutz Pasteur proved that organisms don't just appear out of nowhere in our everyday environment. Abiogenesis of cellular life in a soup of organic nutrients over the course of millions of years is not the same as spontaneous generation.
I love how the skull on this thing screams pliosaur, not gonna lie, that’s what I thought it was when I first saw the skull material lol.
Convergent evolution, babyyyy
Must be a very successful skull shape to come up so similarly in two completely different lineages!
First ichthyosaurs, now pliosaurs, can't wait to see mosasaurs convergently evolve long necks and short heads lol.
That opener sent me, Doug is such a gem
Morocco (and Africa in general) as hotbed of mosasaur evolution excites me because this means more paleontological significance for continents outside North America and Europe.
Same. I wish we could send more expeditions to places like Kenya, West Africa, and Antarctica.
Strange, I was under the impression Asia had a more significant role than Europe already, mostly with all the findings in China and Mongolia.
Same for mammals in the southern continents now with the discoveries of Orretherium, Patogorhynchus and Patagomaia. The southern continents in general are underexplored in terms of paleontology and long underprioritized due to colonalism and racism, and sadly many fossils are just sold to illegal markets
we had a presentation about Morocco in our uni a few months ago it was amazing
Moroko is almost Europe anyway.
The idea of a wild animal just eating the liver and leaving the rest ... that is wild.
Best served with fava beans and a nice Chianti.
No not really. Just means food is plenty and easy to catch.
It's not as crazy as say, cats hunting and killing for sport.
Orcas do the same to sharks
Not uncommon. Grizzly bears catching salmon only eat about 25 percent of each salmon, selectively eating only the parts highest in fat content, such as the eggs.
This is common basically any sort of shark gets eaten, it’s not even remotely unique to orcas.
5:55 Ik Lindsay Nikole is happy to hear this
That we know of
Not gonna lie, Khinjaria sounds like an Arabic ninja which is a cool name BTW
man...Khinjaria used to braid my hair on Bankhead
I hope Orcas don't unintentionally contribute to the endangerment of Great White Sharks.
With how intelligent orcas are they might end up INTENTIONALLY contributing to it
I mean, if they do, that’s just nature isn’t it?
@@oberonpanopticon Well Great Whites are endangered because of humans, if it wasn't for us the orca predation would be perfectly natural.
@oberonpanopticon not really I mean if something became naturally rare then it would just be natures course but if its rare by the actions of humans we should help it survive atleast
@@afunnytheropod It’s an interesting dilemma. Do we owe it to help sharks survive non-human threats because we were the ones who reduced their populations to begin with?
The shark-hunting of Great Whites by Orcas is a new phenomena. It was first reported in 2009 but has since spread rapidly through the Orca population no doubt because of their incredible ability to communicate complex ideas to each other. They only eat the livers which seems odd for a large carnivore, but apparently the livers provide a special nutritional value that they need. Unfortunately, in the areas where this hunting is going on the shark population is crashing and may be wiped out soon. The Great White is already endangered and this could be a final blow in the places the Orcas hunt. I would hate to see that happen, but evolution marches on.
Port and starboard over here eating shark livers like Chinese eat shark fins
I've thought that a lack of oxygen is what caused life to take hold in a way that is now not conducive for the process required due to higher levels of O2.
6:18 did the record skip? 😂
Weird. I never assumed hypothetical life on Europa would be aerobic. I just assumed chemotrophy, and phototrophy not producing free oxygen like purple sulfur bacteria.
Port and Starboard are anti-shark-inists 😢
Emotions are chemical reactions not the chemicals themselves
Can anyone tell me about the extinction of marine reptiles at the end of the Cretaceous? Did they all die off? Any evidence of any members surviving beyond that time?
Icthyosaurs died off earlier in the Cretaceous along with the pliosaurs. Mosasaurs and long-necked plesiosaurs died out at the end of the Cretaceous. One marine reptile group did survive, however: Turtles
6:17 oops
Which one is correct, basilosaurids or basilosaurus?
basilosaurus. otherwise the phrase is "basilosaurid[,] related to the famous [...] basilosaurids" which is not only redundant but slightly inaccurate - like saying you're related to yourself
Thanks. I wouldn't mind about the opening comments, we all know you are all delightfully nuts.
Those fossil crabs are absolutely stunning
Question, why does Europa having less oxygen matter? Life on earth most likely didn’t start that way. It’s believed that oxygen was actually toxic to the first life on earth and was a waste product of said life. Too much oxygen may have actually caused the earth’s first mass extinction event. Besides that though who says life has to evolve like ours and use oxygen at all?
The ice sharks exist on europa until someone proves otherwise!
Whoa dude, sounds like your brain is functioning properly! Get that checked out by a doctor, they've got meds for that 😅
Seriously, thank God for open minded intelligent people. And thank you for stating what you stated; we don't know nothin'!
You may note the research talks about production, not concentration. As you mentioned, life may produce oxygen as a waste product. Thus, if production of oxygen is high, it is likely that purely chemical processes are insufficient to explain it, and life is likely. The lower production means it is much less likely life is involved in making all that oxygen.
So now there is an actual wild Animal in Hostory that's called "sharp Tooth"
Land before Time Kids outthere?
Yes, and I'm still getting over my trauma from seeing that movie as a young kid!
Thank you, just thank you.
My one gripe with this episode they didn't give the spelling of the new names
That's nice.
...Ben's mum....hahahaha
I watched that intro 7 times. I don't know either. It's comforting to agree on this.
Thanks, stick board man!
Big Crab!
When do we get the Special on Doug's invention the Addintrolater?
Addintrolater? I hardly know 'er!
Ever since Perucetus proper description Ive seen this news coming tbqh
Second video I’ve heard one of the team repeating a sentence twice in a row. Is it an Easter egg you’re now putting in each video?
That was a funny intro.
7DOS 👍
Camberwell Carrot.
Where's the Cretaceous bunny rabbit? Why does everything in the fossil record seem to in a contest for the biggest, nastiest teeth?
Coloniatherium is kind of a Cretaceous bunny rabbit.
When did grass evolve?
Bruh that intro....
Why would orca that have not grown up in captivity have dorsal fins that don’t stand up?
The shark liver diet may not provide orcas with the nutrients it needs
Same reason some people have big noses, go bald, or have unequal boobs?
It's not an issue solely in captive animals, it just seems to be more common for some reason
@@joshcorbett9674
My money is on the poisonous soup that we’re making out of our oceans. Just another drain on their health that they can’t escape. I’m really not feeling humanity these days…
It’s depressed you’re waiting for answers in a TH-cam comment section instead of tying your question in the search bar and getting an answer.
Remember that life does not require molecular oxygen. It evolved without any.
Go team orca!
666th like 😂
Yeah, Cartoon Doug. Shhhhuuuurrreeeee! You expect me to believe, after writing out all the indiviual articles for each of the topics covered, you some how have no idea, at all, no inkling what the episde was about.
That, in absence of an intro on a script, you suddenly have forgotten everything you just finished spending hours creating.
Nice humor. 😂😂😂😂
considering they dont have skull remains, why have they portrayed perucetus with such a tiny head in relation to its body
that body shape literally makes no sense for aerodynamic properties or for eating (anything really) underwater
*gently mocks you in manatee*
@@Jay-ho9io have you seen a manatee? their heads are very large in comparison to their body
they are also VERY slow swimmers and purely bottom feeding plant eaters, meaning their lack of aerodynamic properties are not really a downside
while basilosaurids were carnivorous (at least all known so far)
@@gregsmw basilosaurids are, to the best of our knowledge, carnivorous. But that wasn't the statement that you originally made which was why I was gently knocking it. Smöl head, giant body works just fine for nature's roly poly saltwater hippo lozenge
2:19 "...on the planet." You mean to say moon, right? Ask Jerry to proof-read the script!
ahhh uwu just in time
😅😅😅😅😅😅😅
I just don’t get why scientists look and be like, oh there’s not enough oxygen here for life here, let’s move on
Like oxygen levels use to differ here with life..why can’t life find a way in lesser amounts of oxygen or higher?
Why does life need oxygen to live? Just cause we all do on earth doesn’t mean everything has to live off of oxygen
Why do we only see 1 side of Europa
ALL THESE WORLDS ARE YOURS EXCEPT EUROPA.
We don't. Europa is tidal locked to Jupiter. From Earth we can see all of Europa eventually.
I would like to know about that ai computer program that proved that T-Rex actually ran and how much it weighs and see how it would put together that whale .
Pffft...not like I ever bought that bunk about Perucetus being the heaviest animal ever and weighing over 300 freaking tons XD After all, it's a 17-20 meter basilosaurid known from very fragmentary remains, and no matter how dense its bones were, it was not going to top a 30-meter, 200-ton blue whale XD This was Simbakubwa all over again.
Anaerobic respiration
What if the oxygen is being absorbed by animal life
I'm back to no longer trusting you, Doug. Whenever you're hosting, I'll mute and/or FF the intros.
Only life can beget life. While we're all eager to defy expectation, xenobiologists shouldn't get their hopes up.
Then life wouldn't be able to exist in the first place?
@@Jpteryx Use your imagination. Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation over a century ago.
@@bustavonnutz Pasteur proved that organisms don't just appear out of nowhere in our everyday environment. Abiogenesis of cellular life in a soup of organic nutrients over the course of millions of years is not the same as spontaneous generation.
1st
Fake
I’m pretty sure they all had dagger teeth
They should rename it Chianti instead of Port...