King Henry IX: What if Fitzroy had lived?

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  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 25 ส.ค. 2024
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    What if Henry Fitzroy had lived? What if Henry VIII had put him into the line of succession? What if he became King of England?
    It’s counterfactual history time…
    I hope you enjoy this video and find it interesting!
    Please subscribe and click the bell icon to be updated about new videos.
    Also, if you want to get in touch, please comment down below or find me on social media:
    Instagram: katrina.marchant
    Twitter: @kat_marchant
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    Email: readingthepastwithdrkat@gmail.com
    Intro / Outro song: Silent Partner, "Greenery" [ • Greenery - Silent Part... ]
    SFX from freesfx.co.uk/...
    Images (from Wikimedia Commons, unless otherwise stated):
    A tapestry in the Flemish style of Catherine of Aragon and her husband Arthur Tudor, Prince of Wales by an unknown creator (c. early 1500s). Held in an unknown location.
    Portrait of Henry VIII by Joos van Cleve (between c.1530 and c.1535). Held by the Royal Collection.
    Portrait of Thomas Wolsey by an unknown artist (1589-1595, based on a work of c.1520). Held by the National Portrait Gallery.
    Portrait of Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Richmond and Somerset by Lucas Horenbout (between 1533 and 1534). Held by the Royal Collection.
    Portrait of Thomas Howard, Third Duke of Norfolk by Hans Holbein the Younger (c.1539). Held by the Royal Collection.
    Portrait of Henry Howard Earl of Surrey, attributed to William Scrots (1546). In an unknown collection.
    Portrait of Anne Boleyn by an unknown artist (c. 1550). Held at Hever Castle.
    Portrait of François I, king of France by Jean Clouet (between 1527 and 1530). Held by the Louvre Museum.
    Portrait study of Mary, Duchess of Richmond and Somerset by Hans Holbein the Younger (c.1532-1533). Held by the Royal Collection.
    Portrait of Mary Tudor, later Queen Mary I by Master John (1544). Held by the National Portrait Gallery.
    Portrait of Elizabeth Tudor, later Elizabeth, attributed to William Scrots (between 1546 and 1547). Held by the Royal Collection.
    The Family of King Henry VIII by an unknown artist (c.1545). On display at Hampton Court Palace.
    Christening procession for the future Edward VI, held by the College of Arms, London.
    Portrait of Anne of Cleves, by Hans Holbein the Younger (c.1539). Held by the Louvre Museum.
    Portrait of a Lady, recently identified as Catherine Howard, from the workshop of Hans Holbein the Younger (c.1540 -1545). Held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
    Portrait of Katherine Parr attributed to Master John (c.1545). Held by the National Portrait Gallery.
    “King Edward VI and the Pope” by an unknown artist (c.1575). Held by the National Portrait Gallery.
    Portrait of Edward VI of England, from the circle of William Scrots (c.1550). Held in an unidentified private collection.
    Quoted texts:
    Beverley A. Murphy, “Elizabeth Blount” from ODNB
    Also consulted, were:
    Other relevant entries from The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online
    #HistoryHit #ReadingThePast #CounterfactualHistory

ความคิดเห็น • 532

  • @ReadingthePast
    @ReadingthePast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +32

    To explore "Ada Lovelace: Computing Pioneer" and more first-class history content subscribe to History Hit: access.historyhit.com/checkout/subscribe/receipt?code=readingthepast&plan=monthly for 50% off for your next three months!

    • @marshaprice8226
      @marshaprice8226 ปีที่แล้ว

      I tried to subscribe to History Hit using the link, but the “start subscription” button would not work.

  • @jackieheidorn5875
    @jackieheidorn5875 2 ปีที่แล้ว +185

    Another subject I am interested in regarding the "what if" in history is Arthur Tudor. If Henry was never king; what would have changed?

    • @Rockieswoobie
      @Rockieswoobie 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      Same

    • @beth7935
      @beth7935 2 ปีที่แล้ว +41

      That's my fave what-if! Literally ANYONE would be better than Henry VIII, but from reading a bio of Arthur, I think there's a fair chance he would've been a decent king. He was raised to be the exact opposite of how Henry VIII turned out, & he had a lot of responsibility from a young age, & seemed to be doing a pretty good job with it so far. And he would've had a great queen too.

    • @jmacd9552
      @jmacd9552 2 ปีที่แล้ว +13

      this would be an interesting topic Dr. Kat.

    • @dearashad
      @dearashad 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

      Way too big a question. Interesting, but the only speculation I have is how Henry likely wouldn’t have been quite as obsessed with a son as he was and probably would have been the cheerful self he was prior to his tourney accident.

    • @SuperBartles
      @SuperBartles 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

      and would he have been Arthur the 2nd? Awkward question, heh

  • @mlbs4803
    @mlbs4803 2 ปีที่แล้ว +221

    I usually don't like the "what if" / "if only" ruminations in novels and histories. However, your presentation is highly knowledgeable and well thought out. I enjoyed this immensely. Thanks!

    • @harrietyounger6118
      @harrietyounger6118 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      I agree however I think when doing a what if scenario you need to stick to one glitch as Dr kat refers to it and you need documentation to indicate that X y or z was planned before the glitch happened.

  • @RobinGH
    @RobinGH 2 ปีที่แล้ว +152

    I love "speculative" history when it's well researched and is as realistic as a flight of imagination can be. Well done, Dr. Kat, I enjoyed this very much.

  • @traceyu6213
    @traceyu6213 2 ปีที่แล้ว +58

    Oh my goodness. If only Henry and Bessie had married. So many lives may have been saved.

  • @reinadegrillos
    @reinadegrillos 2 ปีที่แล้ว +154

    I'm no Historian but I think the succession after Edward's death would go, yes, to Henry Fitzroy, because of his gender and because, as you said, he already had been made a very powerful, politically important man at court. Probably Mary Tudor would had been happier as a more younguish wife with some children in a great manor. The fact she married so late and to a 26 years old uninterested Felipe was very unhappy.

    • @Natalie_11188
      @Natalie_11188 2 ปีที่แล้ว +20

      I agree. If Henry Fitzroy ascended after Edward VI died, and had Mary married off even 5 years earlier, it’s likely she could’ve conceived a child (or children) and led a very different life. Given Henry F was a grown man, he would’ve had more authority to (and interest in) marry off his sisters than Edward did (even though Edward was king he was still a child)

    • @januarysson5633
      @januarysson5633 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

      @@Natalie_11188 If “Henry IX” had no children of his own that would make Mary’s children next in line to the throne which presents more interesting possibilities.

    • @Natalie_11188
      @Natalie_11188 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@januarysson5633 so many!

    • @carinafourie9119
      @carinafourie9119 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Perhaps after Anne and Catherine’s fall, his Howard marriage would have been annulled and he would have married Lady Jane Grey.

    • @Chuck0856
      @Chuck0856 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

      No. Mary Tudor fought hard for her place in the succession after Edward's death. She would never have stood idly by and allowed an illegitimate brother to usurp her place.

  • @NeoDarkling
    @NeoDarkling 2 ปีที่แล้ว +95

    As an American living in the state of Virginia (which, of course, is named after Elizabeth I), it's truly fascinating to think about what life on this side of the pond could have been like if Henry Fitzroy had survived and been crowded Henry IX.

    • @kooltom4
      @kooltom4 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      Maybe speaking Spanish? Suspect Spain may have been most likely to invade, given presence in South America?

    • @philroberts7238
      @philroberts7238 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      @@kooltom4 They already had quite a few toeholds in North America as well.

    • @Chemist_mama
      @Chemist_mama 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      @@chacesimmonds338 yes, but Henry VIII was never one that played by the rules…I think he would have absolutely found a way to bring him into the line of succession.

    • @samanthafordyce5795
      @samanthafordyce5795 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

      @@chacesimmonds338 Henry VIII decreed both of his daughters to be illegitimate after his marriage to each of their mothers was annulled in turn. He put them back into the line of succession by an act of parliament before he died. I think he also put that into his will. So, if he could do that for his daughters, he'd be far more inclined to do it for a son -- male preference primogeniture.

    • @marilynt9599
      @marilynt9599 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      @@chacesimmonds338 but you forget, at the time of Henry VIII's death, Mary and Elizabeth were ALSO illegitimate by decree. In Henry VIII's will they were reinstated to the line of succession but not made legitimate. Making herself 'legitimate' was one of Mary I's first acts as Queen.

  • @maryanneslater9675
    @maryanneslater9675 2 ปีที่แล้ว +23

    Regarding the union of England and Scotland, if it is assumed Henry IX was widowed in 1557, he might still have been looking for a new wife when Mary Queen of Scots found herself widowed in 1560. And yes, he would have been 40 while she was still a teenager, but with no one to set her up with Darnley, she might have found him acceptable, if he was still a decent fellow. :)

  • @charlottereitberger6253
    @charlottereitberger6253 2 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    American here🇺🇸. You my dear should have 1 million subs. Seriously, the history and research/knowledge you invest is way above most stuff on TH-cam . I love history we can learn so much. Thank you for sharing your wealth of knowledge w us👍

  • @morrigan908
    @morrigan908 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    "I am not a chaos fairy," with that expression may be one of the funniest things I've seen on YT.

  • @mildlycornfield
    @mildlycornfield 2 ปีที่แล้ว +58

    Fascinating! Alternate history is a route I usually shy away from, due to how easily it can stray into fiction. I really like the way you approached this!

  • @randyking3057
    @randyking3057 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    I'm not big on hypotheticals, but this was absolutely riveting. I couldn't tear myself away. Well done.

  • @ameryek.9607
    @ameryek.9607 2 ปีที่แล้ว +16

    What is the meaning of the way Fitzroy is dressed in the miniature portrait? Just going to bed? Just arising? In ill-heath? I don't think another portrait exists in this time period like this one.

    • @ReadingthePast
      @ReadingthePast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      This is something that is debated, some suggest he was painted during his final illness - hence the casual / bed wear - but it isn’t explicitly stated anywhere.

  • @jennierayner2152
    @jennierayner2152 2 ปีที่แล้ว +37

    I think my favourite "what if" is...what if Edward IV had lived until his sons were adults? Only a few short years, after all. Then Richard wouldn't have been able to hijack the succession, the Battle of Bosworth would never have happened, and the Tudor line would - probably? - have remained in relative obscurity. That's a fun one to think about...

    • @Natalie_11188
      @Natalie_11188 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Yes that’s a good one.

    • @gidzmobug2323
      @gidzmobug2323 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      History would have looked considerably different. Richard might still have tried to hijack the succession--but it might have been harder to do against a grown man.

    • @user-es8si3cv8b
      @user-es8si3cv8b 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Me too

    • @lulugigi9907
      @lulugigi9907 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Agree. Richard may have ended up drown in his own barrel of Malmsey like his brother, George. Or perhaps he would have continued to be loyal to his brother. We will never know.
      Several years ago, I came upon a website, whose author has since died and he had a conspiracy theory wherein Holbein’s artwork hinted that Edward the V and his brother, Richard, were placed in secure households and renamed and allowed to live only by agreeing to assume aliases.

  • @sauvignonblanc0
    @sauvignonblanc0 2 ปีที่แล้ว +25

    FitzRoy's life has fascinated me for many years. I am so happy that you took this opportunity to discuss him and this hypothetical case. Being Irish, it's interesting that his death was a catalyst to the Crown of Ireland Act 1542 (which continues to have major constitutional implications).

  • @conemadam
    @conemadam 2 ปีที่แล้ว +32

    Dr. Kat, this made my head explode, in a good way! You touched upon the main points I wondered about in your scenario: would Fitzroy have stood up to the Howards, the Seymours, and the Dudley’s? Most importantly for me, though, was the question concerning Fitzroy’s religious beliefs. As you ask, could he have tempered the reforming zeal of Edward VI ? To me, this is the most pivotal point and frustratingly unanswerable question. Your ideas are beautifully presented. However, as I listened to you, the whole time I wondered “what if Fitzroy became monstrous and power hungry?” We will never know, but your narrative is wonderful to think about. Thank you again!

    • @jakual339
      @jakual339 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      It's such a shame that we know so little about him as a person! His religious tendencies would have been really important, as you mention, but also his personality and skills. A charming and diplomatic young man who won renown on the battlefield would have been a force to be reckoned with, but if he'd been short-tempered or easily manipulated, he might not have been able to make use of the position he would have been in.

  • @SithLadyDarhVamp
    @SithLadyDarhVamp 2 ปีที่แล้ว +13

    This was extremely interesting, frankly. You should do more of these alternate history musings, I think a lot of us viewers would be here for that.

  • @amylin5062
    @amylin5062 2 ปีที่แล้ว +25

    I think you’ve done a brilliant job working through the what-ifs regarding Henry Fitzroy. I do think there would have been some kind of clash between Henry and the ambitious Seymour brothers, especially during Edward’s reign. I do think Henry would have won that clash, being the king’s half-brother. Also, without being fully sure of his faith, I do agree with you that it’s likely England would’ve been spared the religious whiplash of Edward/Mary/Elizabeth’s reigns.
    Finally, “I am not a chaos fairy” is my new favorite sentence. 😂
    Love your videos and insight! Signed, an Anglophile in the U.S.

  • @meganferraro8145
    @meganferraro8145 2 ปีที่แล้ว +90

    I always wonder how England would've been if Anne didn't miscarry her son...

    • @rachellesch8681
      @rachellesch8681 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

      There’s a series of historical fiction novels that have a premise of “what if Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn had a son?” The main character is that son.

    • @meganferraro8145
      @meganferraro8145 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@rachellesch8681 what is the title of that series?

    • @rachellesch8681
      @rachellesch8681 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@meganferraro8145 I forget. It was something I came across while scrolling through Pinterest

    • @gogreen7794
      @gogreen7794 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      I've wondered what would have happened if a son of Ann and Henry had lived to be a teenager and then died, like Prince Arthur or Edward VI, leaving Elizabeth as the heir, but without the lessons she learned and wisdom she gained growing up as she actually did. And what would Mary and her supporters do if Henry's male heir (or actual young king) died, leaving Elizabeth, his full sister, as the supposed heir to the throne?

    • @deadpaul
      @deadpaul 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      Well, for starters, Anne would have lived out her natural lifetime. That's fun to speculate on what she would have done.

  • @timefoolery
    @timefoolery 2 ปีที่แล้ว +55

    I think it was fairly obvious that Henry wanted a legitimate heir to take his throne so you have to presume that Henry would’ve continued to marry in pursuit of this elusive male child, but I think it’s also very obvious that Henry raised Fitzroy up and gave him titles as a sort of backup plan should he never make a legitimate male heir. I think it’s highly possible that, if Edward had never been born, Fitzroy would’ve been named Henry’s heir and be king. I believe Fitzroy had as much of a claim to the throne as his grandfather Henry VII when he claimed the throne.

    • @Chuck0856
      @Chuck0856 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      No, an illegitimate son would not have been accepted as long as there was a popular, legitimate heiress presumptive.

    • @georginamannor4373
      @georginamannor4373 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      It's very possible that he could've been become King. William the conqueror was born out of wedlock and he became a powerful ruler.

    • @MsFlamingFlamer
      @MsFlamingFlamer ปีที่แล้ว

      @@Chuck0856Mary and Elizabeth were deemed “illegitimate” but both became Queens.

    • @rogerfielding1117
      @rogerfielding1117 7 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Only by conquest​@@georginamannor4373

  • @leonieblah8806
    @leonieblah8806 2 ปีที่แล้ว +19

    Very interesting. It all depends on his children and if they survived. You are right that it does reveal the anxieties they would have felt. We share their uncertainties about the future this way. I really enjoyed that exercise.

  • @martyal
    @martyal 2 ปีที่แล้ว +14

    I must admit that I never wondered what might have changed if Fitzroy had lived a full lifetime. One thing that I considered is the changes that might have occurred if Arthur, Henry’s brother, had not died so young. I’d like to hear your take on that scenario if you can work it into your schedule.

  • @dale3404
    @dale3404 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Alternative history is fascinating, and it takes real talent to imagine the changes to history and make it all work.

  • @cherylhayden7363
    @cherylhayden7363 2 ปีที่แล้ว +44

    Absolutely fascinating and fun! Henry Fitzroy is little discussed on this side of the pond, because of his premature death. I can't help but think had this young man lived and continued his trajectory, European history, not just English history would be forever changed. If is and important word here. If Henry had lived, if his father made him legitimate and had named him "the spare", if he played an outsized role in curbing the access of religious reformists to Edward, well the suppositions are endless. Lady Jane Grey wouldn't be anything more than a footnote in history. Mary would possibly still married Phillip, but ruled with her husband as Queen of Spain. Elizabeth would not have been married off to a member of the English court, but married to one of her continental suitors, such as the King of Sweden or Charles, Archduke of Austria. If she had entered into a marriage with the Hapsburg Court, could both the sisters influence their half brother to have England join the 30 Year's War on the side of the Catholics?

    • @ReadingthePast
      @ReadingthePast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +12

      I suppose the sisters’ influence might depend on personal affection in addition to diplomatic promises. For example, I think Henry VIII would have done more to please Mary than Margaret.

    • @cherylhayden7363
      @cherylhayden7363 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Given her personality, Elizabeth would never gave been nothing...but she have never been a Protestant.

    • @pedanticradiator1491
      @pedanticradiator1491 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      The 30 years war started sftet the Tudors had all died

    • @cherylhayden7363
      @cherylhayden7363 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@pedanticradiator1491 The purpose of this video/exercise is what if. What if the 1932 assassination attempt of Hitler had been successful? In all likelihood a smaller Italian focused war could have occurred in WWII. No. In the 17th century under the "rules" of this is what if, what if certain Protestant monarchies had stepped back formally from the 30 Year's War. What would have happened?

    • @pedanticradiator1491
      @pedanticradiator1491 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      What I am saying is given that the 30 Years War started in 1618 its unlikely that any of Henry VIIIs children would have been still alive and had Fitzroy lived to be King it would probably be his son or daughter on the throne at that time.

  • @lisakilmer2667
    @lisakilmer2667 2 ปีที่แล้ว +30

    Well, that's a marvelous thought experiment. I agree that, had Fitzroy lived, Henry VIII would have added him into the succession. One really never thinks about "what if" Mary and Elizabeth had never reigned, but once that idea is broached - well, the ideas become endless. Since we know nothing of Fitzroy's personality, and we assume he was moderate in all issues, then questions of religion and Empire would have developed quite differently. Indeed, in my opinion, Elizabeth's reign as a single woman was crucial to the early development of the British Empire. Any other monarch who was more interested in forging ties with Europe rather than outshining Europe would have been much slower to colonize the American continent. What a thought!

    • @roseg1333
      @roseg1333 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @FelisDomina interesting theories but didn’t Spain colonize most of the south East USA some parts of CA?

    • @roseg1333
      @roseg1333 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @FelisDomina yes! Right on👌🏼

    • @heliotropezzz333
      @heliotropezzz333 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Illegitimate children never inherited the throne.

    • @heliotropezzz333
      @heliotropezzz333 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @FelisDomina I don't think so. It would never have been accepted. He might disinherit children, but changing status the other way around for someone born illegitimate would not have happened. One reason for this is that most Kings had mistresses and produced illegitimate children. Imagine the scope for war and chaos if they all tried to claim the throne.
      Henry VIII never tried to make Richmond his heir, even though the cost to him was all those marriages and a break with Rome. He knew he had to get a legitimate heir. Charles II had no legitimate children but his illegitimate son Monmouth was treated as a traitor when he tried to claim the throne by force.

    • @easjer
      @easjer 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@heliotropezzz333 Never say never. You are assuming that people would prefer an older woman with definite Catholic leanings (who may or may not have been married by this point and may or may not have had children) to a full-blooded English male who reminded them positively of the best of King Henry and who had been a part of public governance for decades and had been groomed for the role and had actually, you know, been running the damn country already for 6 years. To avoid the uncertainties of female (and depending on if Mary had been married and to whom, possibly foreign rule) I think plenty of people would have been perfectly fine with Fitzroy taking over. Particularly if his governance to that point had been positive. He was a sure bet at that point while a woman could only ever be a risky proposition and likely ruled by her husband. If married to an Englishman, maybe a particularly rich man with some ancient tie might try it on, but presumably Mary and Elizabeth would have been carefully married off in that regard to loyal retainers if not foreigners. And foreigners would have been carefully vetted to be careful of their ability to launch any sort of issue since Edward wasn't known for his strength and robustness.

  • @diggerfan1936
    @diggerfan1936 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Best part of the week!

  • @sixeses
    @sixeses 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Wolsey made him a vampire in one Canadian television series, 2007's Blood Ties. The lead actor later played another vampire in the US version of Being Human .

  • @naomiskilling1093
    @naomiskilling1093 2 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    My question would be what would Fitzroy's relationships with his other half-siblings look like. I think that their relationships and however friendly/adversarial they turned out would probably affect a lot especially after Edward's rule when there could be a succession crisis between Henry Fitzroy and Mary. Also wonder about the truth of what I've heard of that papal dispensation that was supposedly given to allow a potential marriage between Fitzroy and Mary. If say Mary Howard had died in childbirth could that have been resurrected as it looked more and more clear that England would be left with a boy king and the succession had to be shored up as it were?

    • @ReadingthePast
      @ReadingthePast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      Apparently the idea a dispensation for a Mary/Fitzroy marriage was floated as something the Pope might agree to - according to the rumours the suggester was told that Henry wouldn’t be interested in that plan!

    • @Wosiewose
      @Wosiewose 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Wow, interesting thought. A dispensation might have been pretty difficult to get, though... cousins were one thing, but half-siblings? That doesn't seem terribly likely, especially given the fact made obvious by Henry VIII's "Great Matter", that an application to Rome was not necessarily a rubber stamp approval.

    • @jakual339
      @jakual339 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      The question of relationships between the siblings is an important one! It seems like quite a bit of how things played out after Henry VIII's death was influenced by his three children having been able to become a bit of a real family through Catherine Parr (e.g. Mary seems to have felt much more fondly about Elizabeth than might be expected from who her mother was). I wonder how that dynamic might have been changed by the addition of another half-sibling.

    • @naomiskilling1093
      @naomiskilling1093 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@ReadingthePast Ah okay. The information I've seen around that was conflicting as to whether it had even happened. Thanks for the clarification!

    • @Natalie_11188
      @Natalie_11188 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

      @@jakual339 from what I know of the record, Mary was friendly with Fitzroy and had no problem calling him “brother” but I think he and Mary would’ve had a lot more conflict down the road than Mary and Elizabeth. Mary was old enough to be Elizabeth’s mother, and that created a nurturing dynamic between them in Elizabeth’s early life- they were both cast off and declared illegitimate, but there was a relief when Edward was born.
      With Fitzroy, he and Mary 3yrs a part (so peers), and Fitzroy was the longed for boy, after Catherine of Aragon was pushed aside they were “equal” in Henry’s eyes (although not in the eyes of Catholic Europe). I see them having many more conflicting ideologies and interests than Mary and Elizabeth ever had.
      I also wonder if here would’ve been sibling rivalry to influence Edward.

  • @mnorth1964
    @mnorth1964 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    Fascinating concept. I used to imagine similar possibilities with the young Henry, Prince of Wales, born in 1511.

  • @sunnygirl734
    @sunnygirl734 2 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    This was brilliantly done. I really enjoyed this as I pictured in my mind everything you described. It would have been interesting to see how differently Elizabeth's and Mary's lives would have turned out, as well as Mary Stuart's and the fate of Scotland. I know some people like to stick with the reality of what actually happened instead of simply imagining the "What ifs", but it's fun to imagine and observe those scenarios and how they would have shaped our history and present day differently. This is how stories and novels are written. Don't ever shut down the gift of imagination. That alone can dampen the future of the world on many levels.

  • @j.a.m5083
    @j.a.m5083 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    This has been so interesting. As someone who tends interest towards early tutor history. I’d love to see a what if Arthur had lived video. But otherwise absolutely fascinating food for thought.

  • @AmericanOnTheLoose
    @AmericanOnTheLoose 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    I was really looking forward to this topic and you certainly didn't disappoint, Dr Kat! Thank you!

  • @roodbennett
    @roodbennett ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You have done a fantastic job with this topic. I have always wondered about Henry Fitzroy ❤

  • @anngray9171
    @anngray9171 ปีที่แล้ว

    Confess I have been a very casual viewer of this channel, but I this has stopped me in my tracks.. Henry Fitzroy, so glossed over, has been a shadowy figure in my private historic studies. My goodness, this brings the dynastic frenzy of Henry VIII 's reign into sharp focus. This channel is a serious must. Excellent serious program.

  • @okiejammer2736
    @okiejammer2736 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Ohhh. So. Juicy! What knowledge and talent you have to fit the endless puzzle pieces together in this What If scenario. If nothing else, we know a lot more about Fitzroy and his life. Just a great segment, kid!

    • @ReadingthePast
      @ReadingthePast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Thank you, I’m glad you enjoyed 🌟

  • @Donna230
    @Donna230 หลายเดือนก่อน

    This post is two years old, of course, but I enjoyed it and I've signed up for History Hit. Thanks.

  • @louisacosentino9543
    @louisacosentino9543 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    Thank you, Dr. Kat, for another great video! Have a blessed weekend!
    If this child was made heir, it might have saved everyone a lot of grief and pain. Proclaiming this child as heir, would not have been so bad compared to Henry VIII other misdeeds.

  • @BlondieG63
    @BlondieG63 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I really enjoyed this “counter factual” idea with Fitzroy. Very intriguing and presented with great detail in a conversational way! Quite well done!!

  • @pookietoes3
    @pookietoes3 2 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    You have raised some interesting questions. I too wonder what Henry's ascension to the throne would have done to the timeliine. Perhaps you could make a part 2 with ideas of what Britain and the US would look like now.

    • @easjer
      @easjer 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @FelisDomina I dunno - there is a solid thoughtline there, but I can't see England having no stake in the new world whatsoever.

    • @deadpaul
      @deadpaul 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @FelisDomina Us English-sourced Americans are...pushy. I doubt we would have settled for a small stake.

  • @lyz7323
    @lyz7323 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Interesting video Dr Kat! I would love to see you discuss either the life of Catherine de Medici or Mary Queen of Scots. I’d love to hear your take on their interesting lives, and the problems they faced as female rulers!

  • @darlenefarmer5921
    @darlenefarmer5921 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Enjoyed this conversation. Thank you.

  • @jakual339
    @jakual339 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    A fascinating video, thank you! I find it interesting how often Fitzroy is quietly overlooked in the conversation about the Tudors. He was a married, (soon-to-be-)adult son of the King, however things play out, there's no way his mere *existence* wouldn't have completely changed the politics of the last years of Henry VIII's life. Yet, most retellings of the story just mention his birth for its role in harming the relationship between Henry and Catherine, and then forget about him (I don't think the Tudors tv show even mentions when he dies!)

    • @TheMogregory
      @TheMogregory 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      There are many things Tudors tv didn't mention and even more things they did mention that never actually happened.

    • @jakual339
      @jakual339 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@TheMogregory Most definitely! I just find it particularly amusing that they make a huge deal of him being *born*, and then someone watching the whole series without any other sources would be left at the end going "Hold on, didn't he have another kid at one point?"

    • @Nightbird1914
      @Nightbird1914 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      As I recall, in the Tudors TV show, Henry was shown dying as a little boy. I loved the show but that irritated me along with combining VIII’s two sisters into one they called Margaret but written as Mary!

    • @jakual339
      @jakual339 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@Nightbird1914 I don't remember that at all, huh. Guess the scene must have not made much of an impression. Yeah, that's the most egregious (and unnecessary) change by far, imo.

    • @Nightbird1914
      @Nightbird1914 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@jakual339
      th-cam.com/video/kGRnmyfogjo/w-d-xo.html
      (Around 4:00 in)

  • @jared1870
    @jared1870 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    You are not a chaos fairy, and as it is your channel, we play the game by your rules. Love it!!

  • @bionicwomanlondon2004
    @bionicwomanlondon2004 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You've just blown my mind with this! Certainly the world as we know it would be markedly different from the Henry Fitzroy butterfly effect!
    Magnificent!

  • @historybuff7491
    @historybuff7491 2 ปีที่แล้ว +12

    When I learned of Henry Fitzroy, I was sad he died so young. In my mind I had not placed him on the throne of England, but rather looked to his children, and hopefully grandchildren. In my mind, he and Mary had children, and their children had children, and it was the son(s) or grandson(s), Elizabeth I, and her council, would have looked to for an heir. After all, they would only be 2 to 3 generations removed from a King of England (and likely raised in England), as opposed to James who was the great-great-grandson fo Henry VII, and raised in Scotland. That is how my mind played it.

    • @ReadingthePast
      @ReadingthePast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      I can see how it could play out that way too

    • @Natalie_11188
      @Natalie_11188 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

      Yes I considered this scenario too. Had Henry lived with surviving children & grandchildren, it’s likely they would’ve been influential members of the English court.

    • @easjer
      @easjer 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      It's an interesting thought but I genuinely cannot see a way in which Fitzroy lives and doesn't come to power - the closest I can imagine is Mary not being married off and rising against him and even then I can only see it if he died in battle and his children were allowed to retain his title/lands. I cannot see Englishmen preferring an aged Mary and possible foreign rule if she married (as she did) to a capable male administrator who was already in power and had held the governance of England for the past six years on top of having been groomed for political roles all his life before that. I think they'd be perfectly happy to overlook his illegitimate birth and opine that Mary and Elizabeth were equally illegitimate, so what were they to do, at least he was male (and with a stable succession already in place if he had male children by that point).

    • @Natalie_11188
      @Natalie_11188 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@easjer you are right. If Henry Fitzroy was alive and well when Henry VIII died (especially with children of his own), he would’ve been included in the Act of Succession, and being male would’ve been before Mary & Elizabeth. Let’s say he lives into middle age with only girls- Mary and Elizabeth are preferred given the status of their mothers, and when Elizabeth I is near the end of her life she looks to a grandson or great grandson of Fitzroy.

    • @historybuff7491
      @historybuff7491 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@easjer You have a point.

  • @AdelaideBeemanWhite
    @AdelaideBeemanWhite 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

    Could you make a video covering what would’ve happened if Queen Elizabeth had married the Duc d’Alencon?

    • @neilchisholm8376
      @neilchisholm8376 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Now that would be most interesting!

    • @ReadingthePast
      @ReadingthePast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      I’m making a list of these suggestions for counter factual investigations for future videos! Thank you 😊

    • @AdelaideBeemanWhite
      @AdelaideBeemanWhite 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@ReadingthePast - You’re welcome!

  • @lsjansen
    @lsjansen 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

    This would make for a fun alternate universe book to follow the changes that would occur with Fitzroy's kingship. Would the English Empire have actually happened as it did under Elizabeth's leadership?

  • @ruthannemackinnon588
    @ruthannemackinnon588 2 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    England would have been a very different nation, arguable better, had a son survived between Henry & Katherine of Aragon, or EVEN better a son for her and Arthur. Down the line, how about a surviving son for Mary & Phillip? It's simply endless.

  • @casson5651
    @casson5651 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hahahahahha chaos fairy! This level of approachability is why I keep coming back. Thank you!

  • @carriehandy4247
    @carriehandy4247 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

    Very interesting! I actually didn't know much about Fizroy's brief life and wasn't aware of how much he was being put forward in terms of titles and politics. Interesting thoughts about what might have been.

  • @nichola607
    @nichola607 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hurray, you uploading videos at a time when I have to do other things is like having a meal at a lovely restaurant booked and looking forward to it. This one looks very interesting 🙂

    • @ReadingthePast
      @ReadingthePast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      I hope you enjoy ☺️

    • @nichola607
      @nichola607 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@ReadingthePast Great- very enjoyable. :) :)

  • @BeeKool__113
    @BeeKool__113 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    As always, fantastic video! It is very fascinating to think on what could have been from a historical standpoint. Very interesting.

  • @leanneho1543
    @leanneho1543 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Discovered History Hit podcast through your video!! Thanks, Kat!!

  • @KourttneyL
    @KourttneyL 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Your voice is so soothing. It is perfect for teaching us history!

  • @frozenglaicericet-pose6104
    @frozenglaicericet-pose6104 ปีที่แล้ว

    I like how you kept it pretty simple on this

  • @emmahepburn2969
    @emmahepburn2969 ปีที่แล้ว

    I would absolutely love to see a -what if - episode on prince Arthur Tudor and Katherine of Aragon.

  • @katpillar4131
    @katpillar4131 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Brilliant analysis! I often consider the "what if's" in history. It is amazing how one small event can turn the outcome(s) of bigger events in history.
    There was a seemingly insignificant US Civil War Battle that I consider to be one of those "what if" moments surrounding the competence of one Major General. It would have made a great PhD thesis IMO. I felt vindicated when an entire book was written on the subject a few years later. :)

  • @Starburst858
    @Starburst858 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Hey Dr Kat! Hope you are well. Just wanted to say I love your videos. I could listen to you talk about history all day! Lots of love from Canada xo

    • @ReadingthePast
      @ReadingthePast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      That’s so kind of you, thank you ☺️

  • @rosemarie9641
    @rosemarie9641 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    So interesting lucubration, thank you so much! Your videos are always illustrative and are one of the most expected moments of the week for me. I love History and, as a Spaniard, I'm always interested in the richness of the European cultural heritage. Warm greetings from Madrid!😘😀⚘☀️

  • @bellamamma767
    @bellamamma767 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Let me tell you, your shows make my day. Thank you so much for all the effort you put into providing us with historical awesomeness! Blessings🥰

  • @nancygarrett0000
    @nancygarrett0000 11 หลายเดือนก่อน

    I am totally fascinated with British history...being from the USA we really dont have that much to talk about or explore!! Thank you for sharing!!! Love your TH-cam channel!

  • @WrightFightConcepts
    @WrightFightConcepts 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    This is a fantastic video. I always enjoy your content, but this was probably my favorite video to date. I’ve always wondered what would happen if Henry FitzRoy had lived.

  • @glorialange6446
    @glorialange6446 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Interesting and thought provoking. Especially those ending questions. I have also believed that Henry Fitzroy would have become King after Edward, at the least, and I saw him as possibly even made King INSTEAD of Edward, because of his young age, due to a coup
    Excellent video as always.

  • @miccobgf1957
    @miccobgf1957 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Fascinating thought experiment. I wonder if Henry Fitzroy’s succession might not have led to a brief civil war: his partisans vs Mary’s Catholic backers vs Elizabeth’s Protestant camp. However, given the imputed bastardization of all three siblings, I think Henry would have likely come out on top, especially if he had already served as Lord Protector and had already produced male children of his own. I also enjoyed your comment that we tend to read history backward, so the value of this sort of experiment is to experience the anxiety that our forebearers did. Well done!

  • @annakitner1140
    @annakitner1140 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you for the intriguing video, Dr. Kat! I love how you set the parameters at the start. It does prevent one from going down rabbit holes, does it not? I must admit, however, that all the what-if's have given me a headache.
    It's impossible to chase all the ramifications had Henry Fitzroy survived. It's astounding how one single person can be so pivotal.

  • @sskyles-mulligan5059
    @sskyles-mulligan5059 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Your videos have been a constant companion through the pandemic; I thank you for that. This one is among my favorites, as you deal frankly with a number of intriguing possibilities. Here is my take on this and related issues: Had he survived, Fitzroy likely would have become king if Edward died, or have become Morton/Wolsey/Cromwell if he had not. As you rightly noted, he shared the label "bastard" with Henry VIII's two actually legitimate daughters, but, as you didn't quite bluntly say, he was a male, which characteristic continues to stupidly dominate our sense of worth. You kept the best part for the end, though: more open questions, the butterfly wings: would England have had the greatest navy (I would guess that The Netherlands would probably have surpassed England, since their navy was born from many necessities); would the Stuarts have come to the English throne (maybe in a few generations, depending upon how things played out, or maybe some other odd descendant of John of Gaunt would have assumed the throne; and of course, that would mean that the UK would not have existed, although it now seems to be unraveling a bit, much as my homeland is trying to revert to its horrid Calvinist roots. It's somewhat intriguing to envision the Fates with their thread.

  • @Elvertaw
    @Elvertaw ปีที่แล้ว

    I’m re-watching this video after having watched it when you first put it out . I really wish you would make more counter factual videos. They’re very insightful and it gets me to think outside of the box. I love it!! Anyway, if Fitzroy had lived and became king, the Tudor dynasty may have extended longer than it did under Elizabeth’s reign. I am assuming, that Fitzroy would have had children. And those children, perhaps a son, would have taken over after their father had died. If that happened, then the Roanoke colonies would not have happened at the time they happened, the American revolution would’ve happened later. The whole world would have looked different. 😮 It’s amazing what one death and one smart woman can do to change the world. ☺️

  • @casondrateresse2292
    @casondrateresse2292 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    You are truly delightful

  • @aagold76
    @aagold76 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    all the Tudor shows/movies make it seem like Fitzroy died before Anne and that she may have been responsible... glad you cleared that up.

  • @EvaMarianne1978
    @EvaMarianne1978 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    “But I am not a chaos fairy…” 😂 I will try to work that into a sentence at some point in the near future.

  • @kateh2007
    @kateh2007 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    I love your sponsor History Hits, but not as much as I love your channel Dr. Kat👍♥️.
    Thanks for this intriguing episode.
    I'm excited that you're so near to 100k subscribers and looking forward to the upcoming Live!!!
    Hope that you, Gabriel and Jamie are all well.

    • @ReadingthePast
      @ReadingthePast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      Thank you 😊 the family are all doing well - Gabriel is very active, inquisitive and chatty (this is code for we are utterly exhausted 🤣🤣🤣)
      I hope you and yours are well too!

  • @moyrakeatings7878
    @moyrakeatings7878 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    How interesting! I do think it is possible that Fitzroy might have been named heir - unlikely but not impossible. I liked what you did with the timeline bringing him in on the demise of Edward VI, as a male he might have been very favoured by the Council and the populace. Enjoyed this and have now subscribed! Thank you.

  • @magsstewart5488
    @magsstewart5488 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Fascinating possibilities. This would be a great “side project.” Dr Kats “What if…” series. :)

  • @MichelleFaithLove
    @MichelleFaithLove 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you. I'm a fan of English Tudor History. I read and learn something new everyday. I so enjoy your videos and I clicked play as soon as I read the title.

  • @rachelmarshall6384
    @rachelmarshall6384 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Fascinating and thought provoking

  • @BarbaraJV1
    @BarbaraJV1 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I was only thinking earlier, it would be great to see a podcast about Lord Byron xxx

  • @lindagreenwood4217
    @lindagreenwood4217 ปีที่แล้ว

    Loved this Kat 🤓 thanks for keeping me entertained

  • @saranonimus9211
    @saranonimus9211 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    My favorite channel theme song!!

  • @lizzsigmon
    @lizzsigmon 2 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    What a fascinating game of "What if...?". I loved it!
    And thank you for only changing the one variable of keeping Fitzroy alive - otherwise, it's just chaos theory and not a truly academic experiment.
    I vote for more of these! :)

  • @zwischenzug1
    @zwischenzug1 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Dr Kat, I appreciate all your presentations, but this one about King Henry IX is by far the most charming and stimulating. You have, in essence, just pitched your BBC series idea to us. It would make a great book. "The Other Tudor Son
    !!"

  • @alagorical8001
    @alagorical8001 ปีที่แล้ว

    Amazing and fascinating video as always. thankyou! Alice xxx

  • @conniebartlett4165
    @conniebartlett4165 2 ปีที่แล้ว +9

    I have often had these “what if” thoughts… My primary “what if” is what if Queen Catherine had a surviving son?

    • @ruthannemackinnon588
      @ruthannemackinnon588 2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      Especially a surviving son with Arthur

    • @ReadingthePast
      @ReadingthePast  2 ปีที่แล้ว +8

      I am happy to play this game again with other topics. I’ll start making a list - thank you 😊

    • @Natalie_11188
      @Natalie_11188 2 ปีที่แล้ว +6

      If Henry, Duke of Cornwall had survived into adulthood- he likely would’ve been a grown man with sons when Henry VIII died. With him living, it’s likely Henry Fitzroy and Mary would exist, but Elizabeth (would Anne Boleyn have intrigued the king if he wasn’t looking for an heir) and Edward? Likely no.

    • @ruthannemackinnon588
      @ruthannemackinnon588 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      @@Natalie_11188 if only Richard III had prevailed over Henry Tudor at the Battle of Bosworth

    • @jakual339
      @jakual339 2 ปีที่แล้ว +5

      @@Natalie_11188 Even if Anne Boleyn *had* caught his attention, I don't think there's any way Henry would have even considered the annulment path if it would have meant disinheriting a living male child.

  • @Aprilddn
    @Aprilddn 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent video , one of my favorites of yours, very thought provoking as an American .

  • @AdelaideBeemanWhite
    @AdelaideBeemanWhite 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I know I’ve already made a suggestion for a future video, but I would also love to hear you cover what would’ve happened if The Spanish Armada had succeeded. That would be a fascinating dive!

    • @dirgniflesuoh7950
      @dirgniflesuoh7950 ปีที่แล้ว

      Harry Turtledove wrote a whole novel about that, with William Shakespear as the main character, "Ruled Brittania".

  • @kathleensmith8365
    @kathleensmith8365 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    So glad you took this speculative exercise on. Fascinating.

  • @hayleyreeves8938
    @hayleyreeves8938 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Really enjoyed this one Queen Kat

  • @robbiemclaurin1852
    @robbiemclaurin1852 ปีที่แล้ว

    I have always wondered about this....he seemed to have been a intelligent young man with a lot of promise.He was the spitting image of his father....I watch you every night before turning in thank you for the many informative,questioning, topics that you bring to your channel.

  • @coffeecloud
    @coffeecloud 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    So, can Dr Kat have her own podcast on HH? I already subscribe to most of their pods. I thinker's interesting to occasionally explore these 'what if' ideas... but not too often. Very interesting and thought provoking with well presented evidence. Brilliant, as per usual. Thank you Dr Kat.

  • @davidbrewer9030
    @davidbrewer9030 2 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    Very interesting. I also wonder what if Henry's older brother Arthur had lived, what differences would occur. Also, would he have been Arthur I or II, considering the belief in King Arthur.

  • @francesshea6633
    @francesshea6633 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for the very enlightening video. I quite like history as it turned out. But what a difference though if Fitzroy had lived.

  • @bushwickbaby
    @bushwickbaby 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Dr. Kat!!!!! This entire episode is so incredibly fascinating, but all I can think is: Thank God things happened as they did! HAHA!! Thank you so much for another thought-provoking episode. ❤

  • @vickyrushton1783
    @vickyrushton1783 ปีที่แล้ว

    You made this absolutely fascinating ❤

  • @aj.a1845
    @aj.a1845 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Definitely an interesting topic to write a historical fiction in this topic and explore all the "what if". As you said the implications would definitely have serious consequences on how history played out.

  • @QueenIsabella18
    @QueenIsabella18 ปีที่แล้ว

    "I am not a chaos fairy" is the best thing I've heard all year!😂😂😂

  • @vickihewlett6121
    @vickihewlett6121 ปีที่แล้ว

    Brilliant! Catching up on your presentations and insight. Providing tremendous knowledge, bringing the Tudor world alive and creating a new fan. Absolutely wonderful!

  • @MadameBijoux
    @MadameBijoux 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Another fantastically informative video, Dr. Kat!
    May I make a small suggestion?
    When you explain how much money the royals et al were granted, would it be possible to tell us what that would equate to in today’s money? I know £4,000 would be a lot in Henry VIII’s time- but how much would it be today? Hundreds of thousands? Millions?

  • @anitasimon7201
    @anitasimon7201 ปีที่แล้ว

    I just discovered your channel and I LOVE it. I love your perspective on Fitzroy. Very interesting.

  • @BellaRenee7514
    @BellaRenee7514 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This was just fabulous! And I do love/agree with where you stopped the timeline. The course of history could/would have been drastically different and quite impossible to even predict from this alternate timeline. In a way, I do wish this had been reality

  • @sheriking4041
    @sheriking4041 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I’m an American and you are my favorite historian. This was so fun to play ‘ what if’. Because if Elizabeth never felt the need to explore North America probably be speaking Spanish or French. And being that most of my ancestors came over to America in the early 1600’s from England or Ireland, I probably would be there in the UK with you.

    • @marypatton5136
      @marypatton5136 ปีที่แล้ว

      More likely you wouldn’t exist at all.

    • @sheriking4041
      @sheriking4041 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@marypatton5136 or I would be living in England somewhere

    • @marypatton5136
      @marypatton5136 ปีที่แล้ว

      I’ve often wished that my ancestors had never left the UK, but I figured out, in my case anyway, that if they hadn’t come to the new world, the particular mix that makes up my ancestry never would have met and I wouldn’t exist.

  • @dorym8045
    @dorym8045 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    I had also, similar to another commenter, not typically been interested in “what ifs” but yours was definitely different. In most “what ifs” regarding history timelines, I can’t really see a relevance to me personally. But you managed to do it. When I listen to English tudor history, it is interesting but remote for me as an American. But asking at the very end, what the impact of a Henry IX reign might have had on the discovery of America, really caught my attention. A previously unthought of point of view (to me). Very interesting. Thank you.