Will Gauge Blocks Wring Together In a Vacuum Chamber?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 ส.ค. 2021
- I test out why gauge blocks wring together. I test it out in a vacuum without oil and with oil.
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I have a lot of experience working with gauge blocks in a calibration lab. We had different sets of block gauge of different "class". The class defines how perfect the gauge is, and the perfection is measured in terms of the tolerance regarding it's nominal length, but also in the flatness and roughness of the faces. The best gauges has a parallelism + flatness error combined of 0.05 microns, that is 50 nanometers. That's insane. While that is still a few orders of magnitude bigger than the Fe atom, I suppose it has to allow for millions of atom pairs between the 2 blocks to be in very close proximity. What I found is that, when clean of oil, the better blocks have better better adhesion (and sometimes much better, to the point of really struggling to take them apart, the only way was to use another block to push one of them out by sliding sideways). How much of that is because of just better vacuum and how much is because of more atom pairs being in closer contact, I don't know.
Ok
We never, EVER use oil on Joe blocks.
Acetone, a clean sheet of printer paper and proper wringing technique (not shown) works wonders.
@@shitpostingforjesus4092 piss
Thank you
@@CraftAero ... Put the blocks at 90 degrees (like a cross) and rotate. If one or both blocks are thin (risk of bending), put them on a thicker block first.
I just learned about "Gauge Block Wringing" 5 minutes before finding this video, and I must say that I'm completely fascinated by this phenomena.
Metal can sometimes instantly weld in space, if you find this video interesting, the same phenomenon has been observed in space
Same
I'm a machinist and when I was working in aerospace we used these a lot as standards for our measuring instruments. When we had time to talk to eachother, we would sometimes argue for hours about what it was that kept them together. Some would say vacuum and some would say surface tension. Nice to see someone has solved it.
I would love to see this scaled up to mult-Kg sized items. Would be interesting to push it. Cool viddy.
Why No Videos!!?.😭😭.
Good idea
wouldn't the square cube law apply here? assuming the object material is the same, it would have same density, so more volume= more mass. with less surface area:volume ratio, the weight of the object (f=mg) > than the bond between those 2 objects (via wringing), so they wouldnt stick together
Machine blocks on a the bed way can do this we have to use a 50Tonne Gantry crane to get them apart.
@Deborah Ajao and electric sea metallic bonding too.
I was always amazed how gauge blocks stick so well. Thank you action lab for answering our silly doubts. 😅.
These are the types of science projects that I love the most! Simple, yet interesting concepts that are experimented with scientific method, giving us a chance to learn and have fun in the same time.
and there in may lie the answer to many of the questions unanswered. I've always believed we teach too complex - like field theory against electron flow?
Could you redo the experiment and attach a gauge + spring resistance to measure the force contribution of each factor? Thanks
Great idea! I thought about that a bit too. A bit tricky in the vacuum but he can probably try to macguyver a solution!
I was about to say that ^^
It's also hard to wring in a vacuum. The correct way is to push and twist them together.
someone: actually ask me whether its air pressure, surface tension or the atomic forces keeping gauge blocks together
me: yes
Yes
Option d, of of the above
Well there’s no air in between them so I’d say it’s a vacuum
Why not both
Yes
As i was throwing away some packaging the other day i was wondering what polystyrene looks like in a vacuum chamber.
Polystyrene/styrofoam are mainly affected by static electricity in vacuum due to their light weight/low mass not being affected by gravity much compared to their electrostatic potential afaik.
I use polystyrene blocks to displace air when I’m evacuating epoxy, makes it much quicker. It’s not an incredible vacuum but the polystyrene is completely unaffected, visually anyway.
it looks exactly the same. im guessing you mean polystyrene foam?
Yes, all 4 forces : air pressure, oil surface tension, atomic forces ( = coulomb- and, van der Waals forces) and..... the Cassimir Effect.
I was wondering why he never mentioned the Cassimir Effect. It has just as big a role, if not bigger, than the atomic force.
I assume it's what he meant (likely by accident) by air pressure, unless I understand the effect wrong
@@minamagdy4126 When he said air pressure he meant you are making a vacuum between the metals. This means there is no outward pressure between the metal pieces, and the atmospheric pressure on the opposing face of the blocks pushes them inwards towards each other.
The Casimir effect is a completely unrelated thing to air pressure, and would work in a vacuum.
@@alansmithee419 thanks for the reminder that the Cassimir effect is more or less the quantum mechanics version of the air-pressure effect, I did misremember
Those blocks just remind me about my old erasers meltdown under hot weather and sticking to everything around it
3:06 a whole new level of controlling things in a vacuum chamber and we can use this to do magic tricks. 😆🤣 lol
Dang
Non magnetic pieces of metal sticking to each other with a lot of force
This is genuinely really interesting
Ye ikr lol
Communism has failed every time it was attempted, I don't care that this is irrelevant
I didn't understand.. how did they stick?
@@chandrahasreddy1729 re-watch the video.
@@pumpkin8222 true.
I love how there's so many things that just keep two smooth pieces of metal together.
56 years old, and this is the first I am hearing of this! The world is just incredible.
So is it, air pressure, surface tention of oil or atimoc forces?
TheActionLab: yes
The answer is air pressure
@@THESLlCK *yes*
"Atimoc"?
@@TheTheninjagummybear *yes*
There's some quantum weirdness happening there.
I love this. I asked this same question like 11 years ago when I was in vo-tech for tool and die and I couldn't get a decent enough answer. I still wondered because it was so odd to me. Not only there was an ideas of how, there was visual representations of them.
Amazing work young man. I enjoyed your presentation as well as explanation in a manner that is easy to understand.
I just started a machinery course and we were shown gauge block wringing and I was intrigued. I assumed number 3 was the reason for the bond since the teacher said these ones were in bad shape and needed to be cleaned and polished as there were some near permanent fingerprints on them. Number 3 makes the most sense to me because we know that in a true vacuum with absolutely zero oxygen like metals can contact weld. So this wringing effect as I am making sense of it in my head is like a super small scale velcro between the molecules of the blocks.
The most important factor with the holding force is the quality of the contact surface finish. My practical experience: better finished blocks hold sufficient well without oil, less good finshed need oil! And this does not mean that the less good finished blocks are out of specs!!!
The problem with wringing with no oil is if you leave them for long periods, they will fuse together. For example, overnight. Good luck with breaking them free.
@@Jiggledance I was not aware of that fact! I never left them long time together. And we name the oil a protection oil that we apply after use of the blocks, not a "fusion" oil.
My brother worked for an optics company and he had two pieces of glass which were so smooth they were PERMENANTLY bonded by "wringing" them together in a bucket of soapy water.
Multi camera and telescope lenses are assembled exactly the same way. No adhesive, just perfect glass to glass contact. They will never separate without damaging both lenses.
He is not like other experimenters who just break and blow things. I love his videos based on very unique concept ❤️
Well done. Deep research on the subject, good experiments to back it up and good conclusion. I wonder why there aren't vacuum and the right temperature.
I absolutely love your videos. They serve not just as entertaining and educational for me, but my daughter as well. Every one of your experiments that I can afford to do, and is safe, I do with my daughter... I even do some of the less safe ones, with her observing from a point of safety behind a shield.
I love how it makes her ask questions, some of which I had never thought of and didn't know the answers to. From an 8-year-old girl and her dad... thank you. You are the Bill Nye of this generation.
Nice experiment , you can measure the contact resistance between them with a milliohmetre if the tow metal touches each other, and if they are separated by a thin oil film they will act as a capacitor.
Yes, I wondered if the oil improves the bond between the surfaces like a dielectric or 'magnetic core'
I think they will touch in 3 microscopic spots and be held by oil everywhere else.
@@charlieangkor8649
Hence, *milliohm* meter which should give you an idea of the actual contact area.
very good explanation, thank you for covering almost every topic i find interesting and what im curious about, you're literally the guy who covers almost every interesting "science" thing, thats funny because when i search about "science" thing i always encounter your channel XD, anyways thank you! (again)
Great experiment! Cold welding uses the formation of molecular bonds between metal surfaces in a vacuum.
Love your channels!
This is a very nice and tempting channel for science geeks(as well as non-science coz they do develop interest) . I love the videos👍🏻
Thank you for answering this question.
Love the videos, keep 'em coming. Btw, was the box of gloves as expensive as the gauge blocks? Lol. Here in 2021?
I love how this channel has no annoying ads in between the videos.
Thanks for this! I oftentimes used kerosene and meticulous cleaning to wring them together but they never STUCK so strongly as shown here. Seems the company I worked at had little actual skill about this important aspect of the work we did!
It sounds like you were cleaning the oil off which is the strongest reason they stick together
Sixty Symbols has a vid on this but you demonstrated things in a new way and covered things they didn't. Great vid.
Cool Experiment!
Always wanted to get some gage blocks to try this experiment.
Hilarious i asked this question on Quora just like a couple months ago. Was wringing to do with air pressure or something else and no answer really was at all sure. This is such great timing.
Very very cool to see...
Action lab and vacuum chamber goes hand in hand!
Maybe it should be called "Action Vacuum" or "Action Chamber". Personally I think "Vac Action Lab 4090" would sound cool.
I was about to ask you to do a Cold Welding experiment, which is similar, but not the same effect. After doing a quick search I found you already did that. :-) Way to go! Keep it up!
it'd be awesome to have this guy as a physics professor
We tried to stick them together at work. When clean we couldn't get them to stick, but just touching the edges put enough oil on them to make them stick. So, we thought that it was just the oil doing it. The question is, when you cleaned them, were they really perfectly clean, or did they still have some minute amount of oil on them?
When they are worn out quite a bit then they don't stick together as easy as when they are new. Thats probably why thex din't stuck together
Why is there even oil on them?
@@Astromath Some people use a certain type of oil to prevent corrosion while being stored. They can also get oil from your fingers just from touching them.
@@mincraftler444 Could be. Not sure how old the ones are at work, or how well they have been handled.
Action lab I love yr short vids over there you act like a mad scientist lol
Science is magic to the untrained eye. 😅
It would be interesting to measure how much force is needed to separate them in each condition, to see if oil is stronger, or air, or bonds.
Just learned about cold welding in a vacuum. Would be a cool experiment to do in the vacuum chamber if it hasn't been done here yet.
I thought they would be welded to each other in the vacuum
If they were rubbed to generate heat enough they would weld. Friction welding as done for rockets.
if the surfaces were freshly-machined, and subjected to pressure, they would indeed cold-weld.
@@timelsen2236 They are talking about cold welding not friction welding.
@@douglasharley2440 That is a fair point. I wonder if the 25nm is to permit space for the oxide to form. It may be that the oil minimises the thickness of the oxide and prevents the block becoming unusable whilst also preventing them from welding together.
That's what I was wondering. If they were cold welding in the vacuum part.
You previously did a video on cold welding in a vacuum, could you discuss the possibilities with these, if it’s even possible because they are too smooth?
Amazing. I’d never heard of this effect.
I worked at a double disc grinding shop and we basically specialized in making parts flat. I would be done with some small rectangles or even really precise parallels i would be able to slap em together and they would stick to each other. Also did steel plates and when placed on a precision granite it would be impossible to lift it off the granite. Compressed air would be needed to walk the parts off the granite table.
Thank you! You just proved my point perfectly!! 😀
@@imnewtothistuff what point?
@@amanciobarragan5679 My original, earlier comment.
Super good video, thanks
I think it's oil viscosity. Any minute traces of oil will create a layer in between. If you want to move them apart, the layer needs to get thicker first, so oil from the edges must flow to the middle. But since the layer is so incredibly thin and the oil viscous, it requires a lot of force to flow. I think they are basically glued together with oil.
First of all what is surface tension at the atomic level and second of all ask yourself if the permittivity of the oil will enhance the electric field potentials
What about the Casimir effect? This might explain some of the attraction. At 10 nm of separation, conductive surfaces will exert about 14 psi or 100 kPa or 1 atmosphere of pressure against each other. I think the video said there was more space between the blocks than that, due to the oil, but there'd be some Casimir force.
Interesting
So a vacuum
@@THESLlCK An inward pressure of around 14 PSI. This pressure exists even if the plates are in a vacuum. It's a pressure in the sense that it is a force that is proportional to the perpendicular area.
Nice experiment. But I suggest tou to try cleaning the oil with some strong solvent, like acetone, and manipulate the blocks with gloves. You probably see a much stronger effect from the solid-solid adhesive forces.
Anyone else remembers Veritasium's "Why Metals Spontaneously Fuse Together In Space" video from 2016?
You could tether the bottom block to the chamber and then use a force gauge attached to the other to measure the strength of the attraction in each case as you pull them apart and get some quantitative data.
I've seen stainless steel cold weld to itself. It's something I have to watch out for in my industry. Stainless isn't always the best option and sometimes a bit of oil makes all the difference.
How much do the sides of your vacuum chamber deflect under vacuum ?
The wringing definitely works best with new and clean gauge blocks. When they are old and all scratched up, they won't wring anymore.
Kind of tells you something, doesn't it?
I'd like to see this with other materials,.and also dissimilar metals for each block
This actually makes me think of blocking we have at work when we make packaging materials from HDPE .. due to the cooling temperature of the HDPE after the extrusion the layers end up sticking together (there is inner blocking where the inside of the packing material sticks together and outside blocking where the outside of the packing material sticks when coiled) , think the same thing is happening with the gauge blocks .. heat is conducted into the blocks making them expand on a microscopic scale and when you press both together and release they cool rapidly and shrink causing them to stick.
I think you need to heat up the blocks to make sure there is no microscopic residual water on the blocks that might help it in wringing too. It would be hard to do because I’m certain unless you were in an environment completely void of moisture, I’d imagine the humidity in the air deposits on the metal right away after heating it to dryness. There may even be a galvanic reaction between the metals (even though they are the same metal) accelerated by the moisture, which might be another reason the wringing is possible. Just a few other ideas I figured I’d throw your way even though I have no proof otherwise. Just something to consider that I haven’t ever heard anyone mention.
Edit: Spelling correction.
this guy and the other science Chanel’s teach me more than my science teacher
Every time I come back I wish I never left but at least I've got a couple days of content to explore!
Always turning up something interesting AF
Pls conduct double slit experiment in vacuum. Really nice videos.
So interesting. And smooth surface like that would be perfect for Casimir effect experiments
You know...separate the blocks by the wavelength you want to resonate. In theory that wavelength and its harmonics would be preferentially present no? Cavity physics. Hmm....
That's exactly the case. High precision machining was needed before the experiment could be done. The accounting of the other forces mentioned here like Van der Walls with magnitude estimates, to see the Casimir force effect.
If youtube and this guy would have existed back in 2005 I would’ve been a great scientist for sure. But I still watch every video and it fascinates com enlightens me every single time.
Does it also work if the two blocks are made from a different metal ?
Yes it does. I’m this video he sticks a ceramic block to a metal block th-cam.com/video/_YVWdxr0E_g/w-d-xo.html
@@TheActionLab Communism has failed every time it was attempted, I don't care that this is irrelevant
@@TheActionLab thanks
@@TheActionLab thanks
I'd be interested in seeing what would happen if they were put together in a vacuum. I wonder if it's cohesion would be stronger.
I did that experiment during my metrology class at Dawson College back in 2007.
how do you get all the interesting experiment ideas? it is like daily dose of internet but with science and every video is selfmade.
Awesome video.
Never heard of gauge blocks before. I learned something. Lol
I believe wiping with paper towel doesn't remove oil, it just thins the layer. In this case we are dealing with microscopic phenomena so even the thinned layer of oil can be sufficient to have an effect. To remove oil you need to use a solvent (e. g. acetone or paint thinner), a surfactant (dish soap) or alkali. Removing oil is a demanding process which is done before painting parts.
It is really interesting! if we had gauge blocks heated or freezed, could the result change?
The air pressure effect shouldn't change much I suspect, but oil tension and electron forces would both change noticably.
Oil tension would weaken outside an optimal bound, too hot or too cold methinks.
Electron forces may increase as temperature increases toward the melting point of the metal.
Not a chemist or material engineer so that's just my supposition.
It actually does - and it may be significant at the precision levels of measurement those blocks are often used for. I read that, to get maximum accurancy, they should be allowed to cool for some time after just handling them
(because just the heat from the hands is enough to make them expand out of their specified tolerances).
Most are probably specified and calibrated at a temperature of 25°C (77°F), since that seem to be the "standard room temperature" in a lot of applications - for example in chemistry and it's also the "standard temperature" electronic components, many measurement devices etc. are specified at.
It could be a cool demonstration if he for example took a block and submerge in liquid nitrogen, see how much it shrinks, haha - or heat it up to like 200°C (higher temperature is also possible, but may ruin it by oxidation).
@@Speeder84XL First, thanks for discussing like that. I totally agree your idea! If he could just as you has said, how cool! Anyway, his coming experiments might answer some of our questions.
@@ephemeralvapor8064 Yes, we don't need to think air pressure. Cause he showed it works a little bit even in vacuum. But I think we should check out some elements in the air that might react with gauge material when it was overheated. I'm into your thinking. I'm not a chemist or material engineer, too. Just a learner. Anyway, cheers, Mate!
Yaaaay for learning something new 🤓,, didn't even know that phenomenon had a name 👍
Yes, I was surprised when he just pushed them together at the start. "Wringing" means a twisting motion.
A video on second law of thermodynamics with
Enthalpy entropy and free energy
I think it would be interesting to repeat the test with ceramic gauge blocks, they're usually a much higher quality than your "standard" accuracy gauge block (which says a lot, steel GBs are insanely accurate already) and it kind of eliminates the molecular attraction/cold welding theory of steel since ceramic can't cold weld. They're pretty expensive so I wouldn't recommend getting a set but you could buy two single blocks for a much lower price.
There's also ZPE (The Casimir Effect) and Cold Welding (especially problematic among Stainless Steels)!
Thx for another vids
If you remove the oil while inside the vacuum chamber and polish surfaces to eliminate oxidized metal will the gauge blocks weld together?
Two, different flat metal peices, like (iron and gold), will have atoms from the other metal when held together like this.
So cool. Atoms are jiggly.
This was great!
Just like communism
Будьте коммунистами сегодня, потому что почему бы и нет, меня не волнует, что это не имеет значения.
I want to see numeric measurements (done with statistically significant sample size) of pull force versus air pressure, at vacuum and above atmospheric pressure, because I think it's van der Waals forces which increase with the microscopic layer of oil acting essentially as an adhesive.
You mean as a dielectric
So does that mean that breaking something solid in air in normal atmosphere is more difficult than in vaccum ? I mean before the object was broken there was no air b/w them too right ?
Cold welds....learned that in the early days in space sending metals without rubber or plastic joints would cause a bond so they couldn't open up antenna solarpanels....etc
Does wiping with tissue really remove enough of the oil for the test to be conclusive?
I love this videos
I’m so chuffed ,…..I actually got a third of this right 🥳🥳😊
Wringing gauge blocks is super satisfying
Cleaning them with a paper towel is kinda a wimpy method. You could ultrasonic clean them with a degreaser. Metal is porous and can hold oil. You could also try heating the residual oil off after the wipe down. Or try is with ceramic block.
Iirc a good rule of thumb is the distance between two guage block sides "wrung together" is one millionth of an inch. That's like 25.4 nanometers. Atoms vary in " size" from ~0.27nm-0.037nm so it would seem like a few atom could fit in between them. It might be a tight fit for some molecules in the air. So I'd guess the vacuum won't affect them. I remember once two flat surfaces get a certain distance or less most em radiation can't fit thru the crack. That creates an imbalance between the area outside the small area between. That seems almost like an em version of a vacuum. I forget what the effect is named. I think that would be what holds them together and maybe the two sides being worked till they both fit each as if each side had a bunch of tiny pins which slide between the bunches if tiny pins on the other side thus having twice the number if tiny pins in the same area which puts horizontal pressure on all the pins making them "stick."
Yo teach got a question. So what if you put those in silicone and made a mold then made a cast or whatever would those stick together to? Or is it just metal.
Thanx...TIL wringing...Before opening this AL notification, I thought perhaps "Wringing" meant "Ringing", as when the sound waves distributes thru the srrounding medium (air or lack therof) when two or more hard metals are impacted by each other.
I would like to see a video explaining how a capstan assist works
Still is very fascinating!
But I heard about another cause of wringing from another channel, that being mechanical. The imperfections on each surface lock together, which is why often to wring the guage blocks it helps, or is even necessary, to slide them together. On the atomic scale they're not flat and the surfaces kind of mesh when friction is applied.
Thoughts?
"Comment reserved for when I think about something funny to say"
Ok I’ll just edit this comment when you unreserve it
Lemme give you a suggestion keep it like this you’ll get a lot of likes
@@imakeeditsiwillbeatevil9346 Okay, let's make the experiment
@@YourPhysicsSimulator ;)
Eight
Is the 3rd mechanism the same as cold-welding?
Ever heard of cold welding in space? Have one for you, create a vacuum and leave the blocks together, the last effect you mentioned will actually WELD those together (remove the oil first though)
Leave them together for a long period though
Could this be done with other metal blocks?