Mulberry tree & fruit 桑葚果树

Mulberry (Morus) is a genus of 10-16 species of trees. They are native to warm regions of Asia, Africa, and the Americas, with most of the species native to Asia.
Mulberries are fast-growing when young but soon become slow-growing and rarely grow over 10-15 meters tall. The leaves are simple, often lobed, and ridged. The fruit grows in bunches, 2-3 centimeters long, is red to dark purple in color, edible, and sweet with a good flavor in several species.
The fruit is used in pies, tarts, and wines. The fruit of the black mulberry, native to southwest Asia, and the red mulberry, native to eastern North America, have the strongest flavor. The fruit of the white mulberry, an east Asian species, has a very weak flavor.
Mulberries can be grown from seeds, which is the best idea as seedling-grown trees are generally healthier. However, they are often planted from large pieces cut from other mulberry trees, which easily take root.
Morus, a genus of flowering plants in the family Moraceae, consists of diverse species of deciduous trees commonly known as mulberries, growing wild and under cultivation in many temperate world regions. Generally, the genus has 64 subordinate taxa,[4] three of which are well-known and are ostensibly named for the fruit color of the best-known cultivar: white, red, and black mulberry (Morus alba, M. rubra, and M. nigra, respectively), with numerous cultivars and some taxa currently unchecked and awaiting taxonomic scrutiny. M. alba is native to South Asia, but is widely distributed across Europe, Southern Africa, South America, and North America. M. alba is also the species most preferred by the silkworm, and is regarded as an invasive species in Brazil and the United States.
Description
Mulberries are fast-growing when young, and can grow to 24 metres (79 feet) tall. The leaves are alternately arranged, simple, and often lobed and serrated on the margin. Lobes are more common on juvenile shoots than on mature trees. The trees can be monoecious or dioecious.
The mulberry fruit is a multiple, about 2-3 centimetres (3⁄4-1+1⁄4 inches) long. Immature fruits are white, green, or pale yellow. The fruit turns from pink to red while ripening, then dark purple or black, and has a sweet flavor when fully ripe.
Black, red, and white mulberries are widespread in Southern Europe, the Middle East, northern Africa, and the Indian subcontinent, where the tree and the fruit have names under regional dialects. Black mulberry was imported to Britain in the 17th century in the hope that it would be useful in the cultivation of silkworms. It was much used in folk medicine, especially in the treatment of ringworm. Mulberries are also widespread in Greece, particularly in the Peloponnese, which in the Middle Ages was known as Morea, deriving from the Greek word for the tree (μουριά, mouria).
As the fruit matures, mulberries change in texture and color, becoming succulent, plump, and juicy, resembling a blackberry.The color of the fruit does not distinguish the mulberry species, as mulberries may be white, lavender or black in color. White mulberry fruits are typically sweet, but not tart, while red mulberries are usually deep red, sweet, and juicy. Black mulberries are large and juicy, with balanced sweetness and tartness.
The fruit of the East Asian white mulberry - a species extensively naturalized in urban regions of eastern North America - has a different flavor, sometimes characterized as refreshing and a little tart, with a bit of gumminess to it and a hint of vanilla. In North America, the white mulberry is considered an invasive exotic and has taken over extensive tracts from native plant species, including the red mulberry.
Mulberries are used in pies, tarts, wines, cordials, and herbal teas. The fruit of the black mulberry (native to southwest Asia) and the red mulberry (native to eastern North America) have distinct flavors likened to 'fireworks in the mouth'. Jams and sherbets are often made from the fruit in the Old World.
The tender twigs are semisweet and can be eaten raw or cooked.
桑葚，又称桑椹，俗称桑子，是桑科桑属多年生木本植物桑树的果实，椭圆形，长1-3厘米，表面不平滑。未成熟时为绿色，逐渐成长变为白色、红色，成熟后为紫红色或紫黑色，味酸甜。桑葚中含有多种功能性成分，如芦丁、花青素、白黎芦醇等，有防癌、延缓衰老、抗发炎、增加血管弹性等效果，也有护眼、助消化、防白发的好处。
葚（《尔雅》）、桑实（《说文》《玉篇》）、乌椹（《本草衍义》）、文武实（《素问病机保命集》）、黑椹（《本草蒙筌》）、桑枣（《生草药性备要》）、桑葚子（《本草再新》）、桑果（《江苏植药志》）、桑粒（《东北药植志》）、桑藨（《四川中药志》）
按《佩觿》云：“以铁椹之‘椹（zhēn/ㄓㄣ）’为桑葚，非，‘葚（shèn/ㄕㄣˋ）’字不当从木。”
含糖、蛋白质、脂肪、鞣酸、苹果酸及维生素A、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素C、铁、钠、钙、镁、磷、钾、胡萝卜素和花青素。桑葚油的脂肪酸主要由亚油酸和少量的硬脂酸、油酸等组成。
桑葚中含水分85.6%，灰分0.56%，总酸度0.97%，粗纤维0.89%，粗蛋白1.01%，总糖14.1%，还原糖2.27%，主要含有葡萄糖、蔗糖和果糖三种糖类；其氨基酸组成种类齐全，符合世界粮农组织（FAO）和世界卫生组织（WHO）提供的参考蛋白模式值；微量元素硒和维生素C含量较高，分别为4.6μg/100g和9.95μg/g，黄酮类化合物含量0.41%。