asking permission to enter a site is one of the universal first rules a first year archeological student learns. its the same rule when boarding a ship
Visigoth was just like early Saxon, they didn't made much pottery, they used wooden bowl and wooden vessel and iron cauldron...they were Germanic barbarian and only ruled for 200 years. You will more likely to find Roman pots than the Visigoths in Spain. The Visigoth was not even native to the land they were also invaders. Idk why some modern Spanish people were stuck up about Visigoths people when in reality they ruled Spain for a very short period of time. The native of Spain were the Iberio-Celtic tribes. Most of them were wiped out by the Romans or been heavily romanised by the time the Muslim came. The Asturias in the North were not even native to Iberia but came from France. Not to mention the Roman Catholic during the time of the Muslim invasion deem the local Visigoth population as heretics because they practice Arianism Christianity where they believe that Jesus was a normal human and not GOD incarnate. That is why so many Visigoths Nobles convert to Islam after the Muslim invaded Spain including a Visigoth prince.
I went to this town two years ago and it is a nice one I went at the end of September 😁 I saw the castle from afar in some places it make it clear roman settlement were in
In the next town south (Xabia or Javea) a Roman wall was discovered when the road was being dug up for redevelopment. The Council kept some of the wall on view and it is a feature in the town.
*@ **38:00** Jackie nailed the clarity, impressive.* DNA is offering such greater clarity to the history of the migrations and military movements/invasions that affected the ethnic movements. *The DNA around the Basque prove that they have affected the Canary Islands, North Africa, and are the lineage of 90+% of Post Flood Irish (greater concentration remaining in Counties Kerry and Cork), (they were also the Early English, pre Germanic Invasions of Romans, Normans, and Anglo Saxons). *The lesser known discovery is that the Basque seeded the White Berbers and they are found to be Indigenous to that are of North Africa.* These groups all also share the Rh(-) Bloodtypes. *I've a great appreciation for the DNA advancements and the work of David Reich, PhD, Geneticist, Harvard, and his "Mapping the Migrations of DNS throughout the World.*
It's strange how the use of language changes in light of the historical context in which it was originally used and how in later context it would seem somewhat inappropriate. In this episode (which aired 2nd January, 2000) at about 0:19 Tony says: "900 years ago, this whole country was an ISLAMIC STATE, and the towns down there would have looked like Cairo or Baghdad. A bit of North Africa in Europe." Which is historically true, but I would guess that he'd probably use a different phrase than "Islamic State" today considering the contemporary historic context of the phrase.
I doubt it. The word 'state' is equivalent to country and he said *an* islamic state which is nothing more than an uncontentious fact. a political unit ruled by Islam-it's not your name , it's _how_ you rule.
I have a friend who is Jewish, their family name has an English appearance. The family history is that they lived in England till Richard the Lionhearted kicked them out to Spain under Islam then later kicked out to Sicily during the Reconquista. With a final emigration to the US.
The time team always treated skeletons with respect, taking time when removing the bones and recording the positions plus pictures. I would imagine they would put them in a safe place as well as the positioned on their side as well as the hands as dictated by their traditional rules.
Watching Carenza and Mick the dig using those pick-axes makes me understand why there are no fat archeologists, or at least, very few! And, yes, the Arabs were much more advanced in medicine and math, etc. than others.
They were advanced, because they took advantage of their powerful spot along nearly all intersecting trade routes in the world at the time..... -Mathematics from India ( they invented 0) -Science from China -Exotic fruits from Africa Like the Roman's before them, the Arabs ( at this time, The Rashidin Calaphate nearly all Muslims were Arabs and visaversa) picked up things, incorporated and than made better.
@@gentlemanfarmer6042 finally somebody who knows Arabs didn't create anything for mathematics and were simply imperialists / expansionists ... If I hear one more person saying they invented the current numbers (pre-islamic Iranian) or the zero (Romans HAD the zero)... I don't know why everybody has learnt history so wrong
In very short (with possible mistakes), they started to lose control over more and more land, and finally, there was a treaty with the Catholics stating that the Grenada court will move to today's Marocco. Once the Christians took over things slowly turned bad and in some time they expelled the rest of the population. But these people (Jews and Moors) were contributing the most to the local economy soon some regions completely decayed - no artisans to produce the goods so nothing to sell. Worth noting that literacy was on a very high level, and they had thousands of books over there (as I recall biggest libraries in Europe back then). And you bet these books were then burned guess by whom ;-) BTW, there are a lot of false stories about Muslim Iberia so be rather very careful while buying books, etc.
Oh come on! North Africans are not Arabs, surely they know that! Just because they were muslim doesn't mean they were Arabs. They were Berbers. Even today, the Muslims North of the Sahel zone are not considered Arab. That's like saying Brits and Koreans are the same because they are both Christians.
The terms Arab and Arabic applies to people of many nations in and around North Africa near or next to the Mediterranean. The word Semitic also applies, not just to the Jews. simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_people .. this link explains it better than I can.
It just seems wrong to be building on a known cemetery. Even if they do relocate the graves. What if it was our graves in 900 yrs. Wouldn't we want the bodies be left where they are.
I've worked on at least a dozen digs and I've learned that I Don't Like touching people's bones. I won't do it. Graves are incredibly important but I don't mess with them, I'm just not curious enough to pull the bones of someone's son or daughter out of their grave.
It's a strange but common practice. Much of San Francisco, for example, was built on top of cemeteries that were still in use at the time (late 1800s). Developers have a legal obligation to relocate the graves, but many don't make a real effort. Most of the ones in San Francisco are still there, under the streets - in the 1990s a public works project accidentally found that City Hall and most of downtown was built on top of hundreds people's final resting place. Civilization can be very uncivilized.
It's not uncommon for this to happen in the UK. I know it is hard for some people to cope with or come to terms with this when it happens but isn't it better to remember our loved ones in our hearts and minds wherever we are. That way we have them with us 24/7.
The pumpkin dish was one of the modern African dishes made by a local chef. They very clearly identify it as separate from the 13th century dishes that were presented.
there are many different types and cultivars of what are called pumpkins or winter squash or gourds. Also "The word pumpkin originates from the word pepon, which is Greek for "large melon", something round and large. The French adapted this word to pompon, which the British changed to pumpion and to the later American colonists became known as pumpkin.
And olives (21:57) were certainly not introduced to Spain in the Muslim period. The production of olive oil was already a boom industry centuries earlier, under the Romans
I've seen this program several times and the comments are now a disgrace. Intelligent people have something to say. Ignorant people have to say something.
Imaging how Europe would've looked like if there was no reconquesta and the Muslims weren't kicked out. It must be something like the dictatorships in north Africa combined with it's poverty.
+Aristotelezz Impossible to say what it would be like. But, all. some, or none of the below could have happened. 1. No expulsion of the Iberian Jews, thereby hindering the development of trade and industry across north-western Europe. 2. No Spanish or Portugese exploration of the "New World", thereby no incentive for Dutch, French and English exploration and piracy. 3. French defeat in possible future war with Islamic Iberia, enabling English victory in Hundred Years War. 4. No incentive for foreign royals to marry into the impoverished Houses of Castille, Navarre, Aragon etc. Therefore no Bourbon France, no wedding between HenryVIII and Catherine, and no Church of England etc etc etc
Shame, you didn't do enough culture research to make a good job.Dead bodies in the oven day temperatures decompose very quickly, so are buried asap after death occurs. The same type wall perimeter graveyards are still in use today. Death is inevitable and accepted, without grief for the victim. The shops wern't a mixed arcade, like were used to, but grouped as to what their wares are. Great system, so if looking for only one thing, from different merchants, you dont have to wander all over town.
My goodness what a pile of ignorance below. Islam was a very productive and advanced civilization, due to its love of books. That was it's high point. Sadly after that it became complacent and so traditionalist that it ground to a halt. Afterward, we discovered the same books (or stole them) and our civilization took off. The crusades were done in response to attacks by muslim caravan thieves on the equivalent of tourists. The area was owned by Islamic states and we were the incomers. Eventually they said "no more crazy tourists, we're tired of protecting them." THEN the crusades happened. And the first place we attacked was VENICE because it had money. (Yes it was Christian.) All in all, not a high point.
@ wong; Both of them actually. First the Romans under Julius Ceasar who burnt the library "by mistake", then the christians rose to power and destryed more of it, then came the muslims and destroyed whatever was left.
@ Suze Hammond; They didn't grow complacent. What is known as "The Golden Age of Islam" was deliberately ended, because islamic scholars came to the realisation that science and Islam were ultimately not compatible. That's the differance between the Christian world and the Islamic world. They ultimately choose religion, we ultimately choose science and education. Although a lot of that seems to be going down the drain over the last decades.
Why are they presenting the town as having only been influenced by Muslims, and only during the medieval period? Wouldn't the influences have shown during the Roman Empire? They're making it seem like these people were much more advanced on their own yet they were under the same empire as the Britons and would have been exposed to Roman technology and trade routes. Also interesting terminology being used, almost like these Spanish peasants should be grateful to be graced with the presence of these Muslim settlers and eventual colonisers, I wonder if they think the same way about Israel/Palestine.
So you've not bothered to read a history book? Any historical documents? *sigh* well if you can't be bothered to actually say read a book I'm not going to be able to open your closed little mind.
+wwaxwork Who do you think destroyed the great libraries in Alexandria and India? They brought rape, peadephila, and genocide with them into India to equatorial Africa and all the way to Ireland these greatest slavers the world has ever known. Murder and destruction is their legacy and you want to defend them. And you imagine I want to talk to you. Check out Bill Warner. Get lost.
honestly, the islamic states espacialy Al-Andalus (todays Andalusia) where one corner stone to bring europe out of the dark ages. Many classic books from greek and roman authors where keept there. Mathematic, architectual, medical books. so many new world views that lay outside of the standpoint of the catholic church in rome, many such books where forbiden books. some even burned by inquisitions. the islamic nations for the moste part in that time where modern. sadly over the centuries, radical people have brought the dark ages in those parts of the world. islamic music, architecture, art where stuningly beautiful. even depictons of the prophet where around, and nobody did a fuzz about it. only today. and to be fair. even in the west, a new dark age is forming, where religon is taught as facts in schools, where thinking gets stomped out by religious people. ignorance, stupidety, unschoold blind faithed minded people are found every where. dont hate people, fight the cause of this.
@@BluntofHwicce this was a year ago pal i know longer know or care but it looks like i was quoting someone.. So not my opinion. Looks quite reasonable here en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jizya
I am continually impressed by the breadth and depth of Phil's knowledge, as well as his sensitivity about skeletal remains.
TThe running always makes me laugh :) Super program!
John: is digging.
Phil: Hahaha...Hahaha...Haha
Mick nonchalantly munching on an ice-cream...love it!
How does one “munch” soft, melting ice cream? Licking, slurping, even mouthing or biting maybe?
I love the small directional movements Tony does like @39:42 tapping Mick on the leg to get down.
John, in a pit, working and a find to boot! WooHoo John!
I love everything about this show ❤
Mustafa-san seems such a kind man and much personality he fit in well with the British people
Have you found Brits to be kind? In that case, the ones you met were on their best behavior!
Well he was a ruler
Time Team: Around the World has been fun…the Caribbean last season, now Spain. 😎
Great episode! Thank you!
Really appreciated this episode!
Aww, thank you! I love seeing my homeland!
Thanks for posting!!
That traditional Islamic food looks incredibly good!
Almost all food should look good 😊
John Gator digging is adorable. Just saying.
The respect for all the workers is always evident as people ask permission to enter a pit less they trample any finds.
asking permission to enter a site is one of the universal first rules a first year archeological student learns. its the same rule when boarding a ship
Stuart is the champ in my book
Always looking at big picture supported by layers of evidence
I agree! It's always incredible to me how he can draw such accurate conclusions from just surveying the land in it's present state.
@Angry Hippo
It's the kind of work *Mick Aston* used to do.
What about the Visigothic pottery? Lol
God, I wish Time Team was still on...
Visigoth was just like early Saxon, they didn't made much pottery, they used wooden bowl and wooden vessel and iron cauldron...they were Germanic barbarian and only ruled for 200 years. You will more likely to find Roman pots than the Visigoths in Spain. The Visigoth was not even native to the land they were also invaders. Idk why some modern Spanish people were stuck up about Visigoths people when in reality they ruled Spain for a very short period of time. The native of Spain were the Iberio-Celtic tribes. Most of them were wiped out by the Romans or been heavily romanised by the time the Muslim came. The Asturias in the North were not even native to Iberia but came from France. Not to mention the Roman Catholic during the time of the Muslim invasion deem the local Visigoth population as heretics because they practice Arianism Christianity where they believe that Jesus was a normal human and not GOD incarnate. That is why so many Visigoths Nobles convert to Islam after the Muslim invaded Spain including a Visigoth prince.
I loved the food!!
Gotta love Phil ! He’s the best
Raysan's first Time Team credit (Graphics/Visualization). He continued to the series end (and into the 2020 digs)
I went to this town two years ago and it is a nice one I went at the end of September 😁 I saw the castle from afar in some places it make it clear roman settlement were in
You’re supposed to ignore the Roman artifacts. And focus solely on...you know.
In the next town south (Xabia or Javea) a Roman wall was discovered when the road was being dug up for redevelopment. The Council kept some of the wall on view and it is a feature in the town.
Another Time Team "holiday" dig. ;-)
No rain would've you have gone I would 😂
Stuart looks like he's channeling his Indiana Jones with that hat. All he needs is a whip.
The wife at home may have that😮
The cemetery site is under this gray-roofed hotel:
Passeig del Saladar, 130
Dénia, Alicante, Spain
38.840300N, 0.113300E
*@ **38:00** Jackie nailed the clarity, impressive.* DNA is offering such greater clarity to the history of the migrations and military movements/invasions that affected the ethnic movements. *The DNA around the Basque prove that they have affected the Canary Islands, North Africa, and are the lineage of 90+% of Post Flood Irish (greater concentration remaining in Counties Kerry and Cork), (they were also the Early English, pre Germanic Invasions of Romans, Normans, and Anglo Saxons). *The lesser known discovery is that the Basque seeded the White Berbers and they are found to be Indigenous to that are of North Africa.*
These groups all also share the Rh(-) Bloodtypes.
*I've a great appreciation for the DNA advancements and the work of David Reich, PhD, Geneticist, Harvard, and his "Mapping the Migrations of DNS throughout the World.*
Manuel, there's too much butter on those trays. "No, no, no, is uno, dos, tres."
I want that date pie recipe 🤤
Will totally agree that my mother made a date filled with puffed pastery dessert that I wish I could replicate.
Alas no recipe just memories 😢
36:35...They are in a different alignment not because of human error or their tools the black stone was moved that is why the alignment changed
Not sure why they don't have a tent canopy to protect diggers from the sun! I would have wanted one!
Maybe they are used to the heat, the team probably dieing. 😊
I never knew they went to Spain? I must have missed this. Why didn't John dig more often?
Probably because he normally drove home when geophys was over but had a booked flight this time so hung around
anybody catch the name of that cookbook? I'm always up for ancient recipes.
What? Phil doesn't wear his hat while diving?
Luv da short shorts.
Lol
It's strange how the use of language changes in light of the historical context in which it was originally used and how in later context it would seem somewhat inappropriate.
In this episode (which aired 2nd January, 2000) at about 0:19 Tony says: "900 years ago, this whole country was an ISLAMIC STATE, and the towns down there would have looked like Cairo or Baghdad. A bit of North Africa in Europe." Which is historically true, but I would guess that he'd probably use a different phrase than "Islamic State" today considering the contemporary historic context of the phrase.
I doubt it. The word 'state' is equivalent to country and he said *an* islamic state which is nothing more than an uncontentious fact. a political unit ruled by Islam-it's not your name , it's _how_ you rule.
Is the Prime Meridian in the middle of it's time zone or on one side?
in the middle. sort of.
I have a friend who is Jewish, their family name has an English appearance. The family history is that they lived in England till Richard the Lionhearted kicked them out to Spain under Islam then later kicked out to Sicily during the Reconquista. With a final emigration to the US.
That is highly unlikely. They would not have reached England unless during the Norman conquest itself.
Isn't being jewish a religious choice not a DNA line
Stewart been watching too many indiana Jones movies.
Wonder what Josep's barcode t-shirt says ...?
BEEP!
"Toni, go get me some water!"..
Wonder if they reburied the bones or put them in storage somewhere?
Chubachus Since they were planning to build something on the cemetery site, the bones would have been reburied elsewhere.
The time team always treated skeletons with respect, taking time when removing the bones and recording the positions plus pictures. I would imagine they would put them in a safe place as well as the positioned on their side as well as the hands as dictated by their traditional rules.
The cemetery is at 38.840241, 0.113179
Denia is on the COSTA BLANCA not BRAVA
I remember having a bit of a crush on Jenny
She's definitely crush worthy
First aired January 2, 2000.
Watching Carenza and Mick the dig using those pick-axes makes me understand why there are no fat archeologists, or at least, very few! And, yes, the Arabs were much more advanced in medicine and math, etc. than others.
They were advanced, because they took advantage of their powerful spot along nearly all intersecting trade routes in the world at the time.....
-Mathematics from India ( they invented 0)
-Science from China
-Exotic fruits from Africa
Like the Roman's before them, the Arabs ( at this time, The Rashidin Calaphate nearly all Muslims were Arabs and visaversa) picked up things, incorporated and than made better.
@@gentlemanfarmer6042 finally somebody who knows Arabs didn't create anything for mathematics and were simply imperialists / expansionists ... If I hear one more person saying they invented the current numbers (pre-islamic Iranian) or the zero (Romans HAD the zero)... I don't know why everybody has learnt history so wrong
until they went total barbaric. no one should ever go total barbaric
So any finds of our people, the Goths?
Mercenaries you mean at this time 😊
It seems the haters who have no clue about history but only what is happening now are on here making a fool of themselves.
That's many haters but all forming one body to make a single fool is it?
Haters usually call everyone else haters.
So, people of religions other than Islam were protected? Whatever happened to this rule?
In very short (with possible mistakes), they started to lose control over more and more land, and finally, there was a treaty with the Catholics stating that the Grenada court will move to today's Marocco. Once the Christians took over things slowly turned bad and in some time they expelled the rest of the population. But these people (Jews and Moors) were contributing the most to the local economy soon some regions completely decayed - no artisans to produce the goods so nothing to sell. Worth noting that literacy was on a very high level, and they had thousands of books over there (as I recall biggest libraries in Europe back then). And you bet these books were then burned guess by whom ;-)
BTW, there are a lot of false stories about Muslim Iberia so be rather very careful while buying books, etc.
Still there just harder to practice I guess
Oh come on! North Africans are not Arabs, surely they know that! Just because they were muslim doesn't mean they were Arabs. They were Berbers. Even today, the Muslims North of the Sahel zone are not considered Arab. That's like saying Brits and Koreans are the same because they are both Christians.
The terms Arab and Arabic applies to people of many nations in and around North Africa near or next to the Mediterranean. The word Semitic also applies, not just to the Jews. simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_people .. this link explains it better than I can.
... Phil is have'n a hoot with 3 jr diggers in his trench
It just seems wrong to be building on a known cemetery. Even if they do relocate the graves. What if it was our graves in 900 yrs. Wouldn't we want the bodies be left where they are.
Not everyone has that belief. Also, with 7 billion people in the world, we're eventually going to run out of burying space if we continue like that.
I'm fine with someone digging up my bones for science and history in 1,000 years. I think that would be awesome.
I've worked on at least a dozen digs and I've learned that I Don't Like touching people's bones. I won't do it. Graves are incredibly important but I don't mess with them, I'm just not curious enough to pull the bones of someone's son or daughter out of their grave.
It's a strange but common practice. Much of San Francisco, for example, was built on top of cemeteries that were still in use at the time (late 1800s). Developers have a legal obligation to relocate the graves, but many don't make a real effort. Most of the ones in San Francisco are still there, under the streets - in the 1990s a public works project accidentally found that City Hall and most of downtown was built on top of hundreds people's final resting place. Civilization can be very uncivilized.
It's not uncommon for this to happen in the UK. I know it is hard for some people to cope with or come to terms with this when it happens but isn't it better to remember our loved ones in our hearts and minds wherever we are. That way we have them with us 24/7.
The Moors wouldn't have pumpkin dishes.Not only does the pumpkin come from the Americas but the word "pumpkin" as well.Its a winter squash.
The pumpkin dish was one of the modern African dishes made by a local chef. They very clearly identify it as separate from the 13th century dishes that were presented.
there are many different types and cultivars of what are called pumpkins or winter squash or gourds. Also
"The word pumpkin originates from the word pepon, which is Greek for "large melon", something round and large. The French adapted this word to pompon, which the British changed to pumpion and to the later American colonists became known as pumpkin.
And olives (21:57) were certainly not introduced to Spain in the Muslim period. The production of olive oil was already a boom industry centuries earlier, under the Romans
awsome work and working beside and with the islamic extremeism is bonus .job well done.
This was before the attack on America, and it’s also in eastern Spain not Baghdad.
Arab invasion?
Im shocked.
Islamic?????
11:15 13:23
So they can be got rid of?
I've seen this program several times and the comments are now a disgrace. Intelligent people have something to say. Ignorant people have to say something.
My guess is you have a hard on for Islam and dislike criticism.
Imaging how Europe would've looked like if there was no reconquesta and the Muslims weren't kicked out. It must be something like the dictatorships in north Africa combined with it's poverty.
+Aristotelezz Impossible to say what it would be like. But, all. some, or none of the below could have happened.
1. No expulsion of the Iberian Jews, thereby hindering the development of trade and industry across north-western Europe.
2. No Spanish or Portugese exploration of the "New World", thereby no incentive for Dutch, French and English exploration and piracy.
3. French defeat in possible future war with Islamic Iberia, enabling English victory in Hundred Years War.
4. No incentive for foreign royals to marry into the impoverished Houses of Castille, Navarre, Aragon etc. Therefore no Bourbon France, no wedding between HenryVIII and Catherine, and no Church of England etc etc etc
to be fair, other muslim groups conquerd al-andalus to, and those where a bit, lets say radical. al-andalus was a dream, not loved by every one
then more of the world would have been Islamic than it already is
Were you born stupid or did you have a lobotomy and special treatment? Please advise
Uh no, no it would not, you bigot.
Shame, you didn't do enough culture research to make a good job.Dead bodies in the oven day temperatures decompose very quickly, so are buried asap after death occurs. The same type wall perimeter graveyards are still in use today. Death is inevitable and accepted, without grief for the victim. The shops wern't a mixed arcade, like were used to, but grouped as to what their wares are. Great system, so if looking for only one thing, from different merchants, you dont have to wander all over town.
My goodness what a pile of ignorance below. Islam was a very productive and advanced civilization, due to its love of books. That was it's high point. Sadly after that it became complacent and so traditionalist that it ground to a halt. Afterward, we discovered the same books (or stole them) and our civilization took off.
The crusades were done in response to attacks by muslim caravan thieves on the equivalent of tourists. The area was owned by Islamic states and we were the incomers. Eventually they said "no more crazy tourists, we're tired of protecting them." THEN the crusades happened. And the first place we attacked was VENICE because it had money. (Yes it was Christian.) All in all, not a high point.
They stole their books from the library at Alexandria. Which they then burnt to the ground.
joe gill
You mean the Christians.
@ wong; Both of them actually. First the Romans under Julius Ceasar who burnt the library "by mistake", then the christians rose to power and destryed more of it, then came the muslims and destroyed whatever was left.
@ Suze Hammond; They didn't grow complacent. What is known as "The Golden Age of Islam" was deliberately ended, because islamic scholars came to the realisation that science and Islam were ultimately not compatible.
That's the differance between the Christian world and the Islamic world. They ultimately choose religion, we ultimately choose science and education. Although a lot of that seems to be going down the drain over the last decades.
Lol don't live in the US do you?
A dark time in Spain’s past, truly the dark ages.
Why are they presenting the town as having only been influenced by Muslims, and only during the medieval period? Wouldn't the influences have shown during the Roman Empire? They're making it seem like these people were much more advanced on their own yet they were under the same empire as the Britons and would have been exposed to Roman technology and trade routes. Also interesting terminology being used, almost like these Spanish peasants should be grateful to be graced with the presence of these Muslim settlers and eventual colonisers, I wonder if they think the same way about Israel/Palestine.
When you wear a hat like that and you're driving it hits the inside roof of the car if you're a big fella
only time team i have not liked.
Well piss off.
Islam brought Europe the Dark Ages and now it`s happening again. He remarks ruined Time Team for me.
+wwaxwork they brought death and destruction.
So you've not bothered to read a history book? Any historical documents? *sigh* well if you can't be bothered to actually say read a book I'm not going to be able to open your closed little mind.
+wwaxwork Who do you think destroyed the great libraries in Alexandria and India? They brought rape, peadephila, and genocide with them into India to equatorial Africa and all the way to Ireland these greatest slavers the world has ever known. Murder and destruction is their legacy and you want to defend them. And you imagine I want to talk to you. Check out Bill Warner. Get lost.
honestly, the islamic states espacialy Al-Andalus (todays Andalusia) where one corner stone to bring europe out of the dark ages. Many classic books from greek and roman authors where keept there. Mathematic, architectual, medical books. so many new world views that lay outside of the standpoint of the catholic church in rome, many such books where forbiden books. some even burned by inquisitions. the islamic nations for the moste part in that time where modern. sadly over the centuries, radical people have brought the dark ages in those parts of the world. islamic music, architecture, art where stuningly beautiful. even depictons of the prophet where around, and nobody did a fuzz about it. only today. and to be fair. even in the west, a new dark age is forming, where religon is taught as facts in schools, where thinking gets stomped out by religious people. ignorance, stupidety, unschoold blind faithed minded people are found every where. dont hate people, fight the cause of this.
If you are supporting them, you are hate mongering.
Oh,, the Christians paid a small tribute,,,,, WAAAaA???? Yes, it was called their heads.
he actually said they paid a slightly higher tribute (tax) which is true. and no, they weren't decapitated
Did you sacrifice your own intellect to the gods of ignorance and stupidity? It seems you have.
@@BluntofHwicce this was a year ago pal i know longer know or care but it looks like i was quoting someone.. So not my opinion.
Looks quite reasonable here
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jizya
Christians 1 Muslims 0