Toyota Prius Inverters and Converters
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 25 ก.ย. 2024
- Weber State University (WSU) - Department of Automotive Technology - Ardell Brown Technology Wing - Transmission Lab.
This episode covers the removal, components, and operation of High Voltage Hybrid Inverters and Converters - Specifically the 1st and 2nd generation Toyota Prius Inverter with Converter Systems. These systems are the foundation of almost all other hybrid control systems used by other manufacturers.
Join us for hybrid and electric vehicle training with two online courses and in a 5-day on-campus boot camp with Professor John D. Kelly. See www.weber.edu/e... for more information.
This topic is taught as part of our 4-year bachelor's degree program. For more information on the Weber Automotive program, visit: www.weber.edu/a...
This video was created and edited by Professor John D. Kelly at WSU. For a full biography, see www.weber.edu/a...
Donate to the Department of Automotive Technology at Weber State University here: advancement.web...
You're doing a great service to the community by putting these videos on youtube. These hybrid system videos are higher quality than any paid online training I've seen. Amazing work.
Thank you very much!
WeberAuto dear sir can i get your contact number plz...
@@WeberAuto Hi, just curios, but if you were driving along on a busy road or motorway and for what ever reason with the Prius and 1 or 2 modules went dud would the petrol engine still get you home or would it cut out and therefore as you mention some where in one of your answers to someone would also not be able to turn over to start once it came to a stop? I know a BMW i3 extender model only has the little generator engine at the back but in the same event may not succumb to the same battery failer because all it is doing is pushing out the same or even up rated charge due to sensor differentiation still with a constant charge to the main battery be it at a lower power rate but would still get you home!?
@@pasinduniroshana8289 are you gonna buy him dinner or something
Ya know I am so happy for you lol I hope your body feels good to you know your body will get better and better if your not feeling good and
Dear Prof. Kelly. You are such a gentleman, answering every comment, together with your wonderful benchmark videos. Thank you Sir.
Thank you very much!
Professor Kelly, you're videos are the benchmark for automotive technical training on TH-cam as far as i'm concerned.. I've learned more about Hybrid technology in the last couple of months watching you than i have in 20 years in the motor trade. keep up the good work.. Alan in Ireland..
Thank you very much! That means a lot to me.
Where am from (Tanzania) it is very difficult to get qualified mechanic to work on hybrid cars, so with your videos regarding hybrid cars give me so much knowledge which is very hard to get in my place. Thank you Professor for your dedication to put these contents in TH-cam for people to learn. Be blessed.
Thanks for watching
I’m not an electrical, mechanical or automotive engineer, but I love your videos! They’re so detailed, interesting and relaxing too! Learning about inverter-converters with a gin and tonic :)
Thank you!
Professor Kelly, I got a super super great deal on a 2007 Prius that was extremely high mile but needed some minor mechanical repairs. I stumbled on you channel cause I really wanted to learn how this and any hybrid models works. You've taught me a great deal!! It's like Netflix binge watching I go from one video to the next. For me you solved a lot of the hybrid mystery and when I need the next vehicle it WILL be a hybrid!! Thank You again for sharing your knowledge!!
I'm not a service tech, just an everyday driver who wants to know how his car works. I stumbled on your videos and am absorbing as much as I can!
John Kelly is completely knowledgeable and is highly skilled at communicating that knowledge. Great video!
I appreciate that!
Professor Kelly, thank you for posting this Deep Dive into the Prius Inverter Converter. I am not a professional automotive technician, just an old gearhead and proud owner of a 2019 Prius Prime, my first Hybrid vehicle. I just like to know how things work, and your videos are the best explanation out there, of how the Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive works, on a level that someone not trained in mechanical or electrical engineering can understand.
Very welcome! Thanks for watching
I REALLY APPRECIATE THIS KNOWLEDGE THAT U ARE SHARING I AM 21 YRS OLD AND I HAVE MY OWN SHOP, AND RECENTLY I STARTED SHARING KNOWLEDGE ON HOW TO ALIGN CARS AND PROGRAM KEYS.
Hi, I`m from Germany. I`m glad I found this youtube channel. Since one month proud owner of a C-HR Hybrid. The videos are very interesting and let me understand the technic of my new car. Thank you so much!
Thank you very much!
as a Toyota hybrid certified technician and one youtuber ,- i can say : informative ,excellent and valuable video ,tnx for every things .you are great instructor and great man
The difference between contactor and relay is 90 volts above 90 is a contactor I have 11 pin relays at work they have 4 contact points In them you are great keep making videos for everyone thanks
Thanks for the info
Dear Prof. Kelly,
first of all, thank you very much for offering those amazingly detailed videos instructions. Your channel is one of the provinces of what I call TH-cam heaven🤗.
You, AgentJayZ and EEVblog together make up the equivalent of an entire virtual university!
Could you perhaps make a video showing and explaning your procedure to disassemble something for the first time? Showing the labeling process, the label confection, what one sould label, photograph, what one could relay on the videos alone, etc. It would be of great value!
Thank you very much and thanks for your feedback. I wish I had time for something like that, but that process probably takes 40 hours of labor and research for every hour of video produced.
Do you have a video on how to check an inverter on a 2010 gmc Denali hybrid?
Thank you for all your videos demonstrating us how transmission system works. In my country generally people afraids from hybrids because of battary life. I don't think that is something to afraid but telling them this is very hard.
Also, cool to see you teach at college my relatives have attended in the past.. my uncle Bart Tarbet is a Professor at Utah State Univ...Thanks again!!!
Thanks for the awesome detail. You're student's are so lucky to have such an expert, who can really break this down in a such clear and a comprehensive way. Thank you for what you do!!!
Thank you!
Congratulations John, and thanks for sharing this important infomation and knowledges.Take care of yoursef. Greetings from Spain.We (all the engineers and technicians) need people like you!!
Thank you very much!
Thank you for doing all this,, all these!!
At 12:00 minutes in, your camera tech didn't show WHAT you're touching, hands totally blocking view. As a total newbie 62 yr old granny, I need explicit detail.
Love your teaching style, so thorough. So educational!
Hanging on every word! Thanks again!
you should always test live, dead, live. imagine you tested 0v at all high-voltage points, only to find out with bare hands that it was indeed energized, but your test leads were faulty or not plugged in all the way to the voltmeter? the 12v battery in the trunk would be a good place to make sure the voltmeter works, both before and after testing the high-voltage at 0.
You are absolutely correct! I should have done that on video. Thank you for the feedback!
Or you can use a prover loop...
Really its a great job professor...... there are no word to convey thanks .... salute.... for your concern on community youths....
i pray for your last longing life professor.....
Thank you
Great video! Professor Kelly, would you tell me the differences between Prius Gen 3 Type A and Type B inverter/converter?
Thank you professor for the detailed look at the Converter/Inverter units using safe work methods!! I appreciate the power/ danger inside these units.
Thank you!
You mentioned about the inverter overheating caused by a loss in coolant. My Prius is losing coolant.
The cause is probably due to the hoses and not the inverter itself leaking?
I did replace the inverter coolant pump three times before getting a Gates brand replacement pump. The Amazon $55 replacement pump lasted 6 weeks and less than a month.
i love this channel, it reminds me of my favorite parts of my automotive training. i love learning about new systems but it's becoming less and less easy....
Thank you
OMG I love your videos. All this mystery unlocked by someone who obviously is completely proficient in his craft. Don't use impact tools on plastics (good tip). That's what a professor does... dropping the mad tip in the middle of showing you something super complex. Also like the whole Hex bolt = keeps the curious out. nice.
As a late arrival to "Washine-machine" powered automobiles and vans, your videos are helping me to adjust (understand) from 45yrs of Diesel and spark ignition marine, generator and automotive engine installations to the application of 3ph power into basic transport.
Out of choice I'd rather have a rotary diesel injection pump and mechanical injectors, but the envioment and in the UK and I guess now in the US, politics dictates the move to purchase electric.
Change is hard. Thanks for watching
Never seen any channel/person doing to these much details. Thank you so much
Hi professor Kelly, your videos are rich in details and your patience to share your previously bagage is very interesting... congrats and please keeping forward.... I found you here on youtube this week and now I am officially your fan.
Hello there, very good video, now the question is what I do with all parts out the convertor? How find the bad part o modulo testing and replace
great lesson about Hybrid Battery configuration and basic maintenance. greatly enjoyed.
Glad it was helpful!
Any video explaining the Chevrolet Tahoe hybrid ac/dc inverter ?
Thank you Professor! I have a 2013 C-max energi that went 125k miles trouble free until now! Your video was quite useful!
Bravo! Thanks for the video. I'm an owner here to learn more about these systems, with an eye to using the prius eventually as a backup generator during power outages etc... Also, I have a coolant smell in the cabin of the car. Seeing all those coolant ducts in the inverters gives me hope that I might not need a new ICE head gasket!
I've been wanting to know how to use the cars inverter / generator system for backup power , run traveling car / camping refrigerator , air-conditioning , etc .
Like others I just wanted to say you're doing a great service with the videos! You do a great job explaining things breaking down on the components.
Thank you!
Thank you Sir for all your clear explanations. In fact you took off all my apprehensions concerning hybrid systems and maybe this will even save my workshop. In fact there are running more and more of these Toyotas on Reunion Island where I live and the french government, as well the EU as a whole, is determined to eliminate diesel vehicles which I am specialized in. So I think I will invest in new equipment and more training on this type of cars.
Thanks to you for a good part.
Thank you! Best wishes with your new goal!
Professor your're probably no. 1 ressouce regarding EV technology.
I'd like to caution you in the area of using statements like "booster raises voltage to increase power".The power available is, to a first approximation, determined by battery size (weight). Any subsequent change in voltage/current can only diminish this power due to lossess during conversion.
It would be better to say "the booster increases voltage to the level optimal from the point of view of power electronics and electrical motors while keeping battery voltage at/around its optimal voltage (number of cells which need individual management, number of connectors, reliability issues)".
You are absolutely correct, I stated that incorrectly. Thanks for your feedback
This is a delicate matter.
Here you are - doing these things, knowing this stuff, preparing/recording/editing/posting, spending all this time and effort to provide great ressource at no cost while wiseasses like me give you "corrective feedback".
Once again, great respect and have a nice day.
I don't even own a prius "yet" plus I like watching these kind of videos.
Best video on TH-cam ever. Explanation, video, sound and all. Thank you
Hi Professor Kelly I am a mechanic in Australia specializing in toyota hybrids. I have a 20 series which first thing cold under light or heavy acceleration the vehicle shudders. It feels like electric motor chattering. My question is are the motors delta wound
If a contactor is stuck/welded in the closed position, does the high voltage interlock circuit do anything to interrupt the voltage at the contactor or is this just physically disconnecting the high voltage circuit at that specific disconnect point so that voltage would still be present at the inlet side of that circuit?
whats the difference between type a inverter and type b inverter 3rd generation. When replacing do you need to match the type or can any of them from same generation will work.
This was a great help. I've seen similar techniques to these in industrial automation and robotic drives, many years ago, but this excellent video gave me insights into how to approach the repair of my old Lexus. Thanks a lot.
Professor Kelly, Are these inverters from the factory, put together by hand or are they built by automated machines? Robots? Designed by one person or many? The complexity is astounding. Great series of videos, Thanks for putting them on youtube
Thank you for your videos. There's a lot of information that we don't get to know but you provide it here. Keep doing it.
You are welcome
Please make a video on how pull push cable changes gears in transaxle.... I have searched online everywhere and I am still not able to find a single video.. I want to know how two cables are changing 6 gears in transaxle..... Please make a video on this topic
Good idea. One cable moves with the shifter side-to-side movement, the other cable moves with the shifter forward-to-backwards movement.
A relay has a common and a Normally Open and a Normally Closed contact. A contactor is just a Normally open set of "Contacts". It can be one, two, or three poles and generally used in higher voltage and high current applications. ie 3 phase 208V or 480v.
got an 2012 prius with the inverter conections cover full of rust Im thinking on replacing it or derust it, anyway I need to know if with engine off is ok to remove the screws and the cover to replace for a new one or clean it away from the engine bay, it is any risk with the high voltage arcing or something weird happening? or just making sure nothing enters the holes (like a screwdriver or fingers...) I ll be ok? thanks.
Professor, thank you very much for giving us your knowledge, which is what I am enjoying right now.
Understanding the operation of the vehicle that I drive allows me to appreciate it reactions.
As an electromechanic technician and a driver of an Hybrid vehicle, I appreciate the fabulous engineering that is undoubtedly complex, in something easy to understand.
Tomorrow i am getting the same inverter/converter from a junk yard... Cant wait to open it up and dig inside!!!
Great, clean, demonstration with good voice for teaching.
Thank you
Amazing to be old enough to see how these ideas that used to be used to do electronic toys are being used to do these things.
I think watching these toyota hybrid videos jinxed me, had to replace an aux./inverter coolant pump, with the typical shorted out, blown fuse and dead car outcome.
it was changed on recall once and they'd not do anything for it, 69K on 2005 prius. just love it >_>
Sorry to hear that! It has been a common problem, even on newer models. Thank you!
Thank you very much, for this video! A lot of information that easy to understand in only 1 1/2 hour. Now I'm better understanding hybrid cars!
Thank you!
Hello John, I think possibly when they were discussing relay/contactor debate, they probably just meant that a relay can also have two "contacts" that pull in like a contactor. A DPDT (Double Pole Double Throw) relay that basically does the same as a contactor would in that instance.
Thank you for your feedback. I understand what you are talking about; however, the "contacts" in contactors typically handle huge mounts of current. The "contacts" in relays typically handle smaller mounts of current. I am sure there exceptions, but in hybrid and electric vehicles, contactors are used to control the current leaving and entering the high voltage battery, not relays (even when they are called "relays" in schematics). I hope that helps.
Thank you for this video. However, can the hybrid voltage be monitor on 06 hybrid highlander?
The HV ecu monitors voltage depending on load...
Listening to this lecture might have saved my life. I had know idea that a contactor could be permanently closed. Sisters asking how many times ,I am going to watch these tye of video? As many time it take is how many. I should have replied.
I am glad it was helpful
Very good teacher.
good explanation since beginning to the end.
Thank you!
Thank you Profesor Kelly I love how you explain everything, your way confirmed that you know very well what you are talking about!!!!
Great videos, I have a 08 Camry where the 12 volt battery is not being charged. And AC does not work. However when I clear the code and charge the 12 v battery the AC works but battery does not receive a charge. Would that be a bad cable or the inverter not working properly?
Thanks for what you do
Have you made the second generation inverter work independently?
I have not tried yet. It would be a cool demonstration to be able to.
Sir i don’t have any words to say thank you.You arr doing a great servise.I salute you sir.
Thank you!
this video should has over 1M views. keep going
Thank you!
Thank you very much for your time and effort making these videos , you are an excellent teacher. I’ve learned a lot of technical information from your video.
Thank you
Prof Kelly,
Great video! Continue to learn automotive with all your great videos.
Thank you!
I have to say your videos are very informative, I have learned a great deal , I know it takes a great effort to do what u do, may God continue to grant u the strength to continue because you videos are very helpful!,, thanks
Excelent explanation. Congratulation. We have here in our service training center one Prius 2015 and one I3. The episodes are very very helpful for us as a trainer. One better than the other. Thank you.
Question about replacement used or new Toyota inverters. Is it required to reflash or download vin or immobilizer numbers in order to get a replacement inverter to work? Or is it a straight swap without an absolute need for techstream. Same question also on the battery assembly if the whole thing is swapped?
You can just swap them, but some may be on a different software level. There have some recalls for flash updates. It is possible that a replacement part has not been updated.
Ok thanks.
I must say that you are very detailed. I have a everything is figuroutable mindset and if I can tackle a puzzle it will be with your amazing explanation of the hybrid. Right now something is not charging the battery and I think I will tackle this on unless you think the inverter is not a place to start
Another great video. I’m not sure I fully understand how the DC from the battery is inverted to AC....study material states “transformer” but the Gen1 didn’t have that part right?
All of the generations have an inverter. The inverter just switches DC voltage back and forth through the stator windings and makes it appear to be AC voltage
Ah ok, thanks for the explanation.
Excellent video Sir, very enjoyable. Can't wait to come and visit you. It might be next year hopefully. I will keep in touch with you to see when the best time to visit is. Peter
Thank you very much!
Thanks for helping us understand our cars. I'm learning about cars for the first time and have a 2014 Prius but left the car door ajar for two days and now everything is dark and silent. Can a regular towing service jump it for me without damaging the large battery or should I have it towed all the way(60+ miles) to the dealer. The local garages don't do complicated work on hybrids but I trust them not to charge me for something I don't need.
Te be a auto mechanic these days, you must almost be a computer/electronic nerd. Great interesting video !
thanks for making and sharing, your videos have been informative and oddly therapeutic!
I have a 2008 HiHy - and do all maintenance on our vehicles - what scan software do you recommend reasonably priced for a DIYer like me - I did operate a vehicle repair shop for some years?
I don't think you can beat the Snap-on scan tools and software for all around coverage; however, it is very expensive. For Toyota's I use their Techstream Lite software and USB interface system (techinfo.toyota.com), it is more reasonably priced, but only works on Toyota, Scion and Lexus products. Best wishes.
Quick question. Is there a possibility of running the risk of connecting the negative terminal to the positive cable (mix-up) when connecting the high voltage DC cable to the inverter/converter assembly?
No, they are keyed externally
WeberAuto Thank you for that clarification
Hello Prof. I have a bit of a technical issue I would like to understand. In your view what do you think causes inverter failure on the cars that fall under the TSBs issued by Toyota? Im asking this because when I went through the RX400H TSB they sighted that the soldering was the cause which made sense but then I stumbled across a TSB on the Prius where they sighted that the software was putting too much stress on the IPM so they offered a software upgrade instead. What's your take in these two approaches to the same problem?
It was my understanding that the heat sink compound under the modules was not installed properly from the factory. This led to overheated modules in hot climates which eventually melted some solder connections. Both repairs are intended to reduce the heat generated.
WeberAuto Thank you. Makes sense. By any chance would you be knowing how to apply the heat transfer compound in the right manner? I would like to learn how it should be applied
I have question for you mr Kelly, what is the problem on the 2010 Prius? With that rattling noise, because Toyota dealer doesn't know about it, i will appreciate if you know
I really enjoy to watch your any videos, thank you for your hard work to tech as even after work. God bless you sir.
Thank you!
Could a dead hybrid battery cause problems with the inverter/converter? That is if the car were to be driven despite the
non-functioning hybrid system.
It depends on the vehicle and which battery you are talking about. If it is a Toyota, you can drive for a while, but eventually the 12V battery would die and the car would quit running while driving.
Professor your video's are really impressive and hands down some of the best I've seen on hybrids. I've only started watching your video's recently but am very excited to learn and watch more. These are a big help for someone like me who is already a working tech but needs additional training to keep up with all the new vehicles on the road. I apologize if you cover this in other videos but can you recommend a video or just some literature I could use to learn about data pids and expected values I should expect to see in order to determine the condition of the hybrid battery and how the system is operating to determine faults. Any help would be appreciated and thanks again for these videos.
Thank you, I do not have anything like that yet, but it is on my long list of things to do. Thanks for your feedback
I really enjoyed watching your video, Its interesting to see what parts are involved in engineering such a product.
FYI to all IGBT = Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor. Thanks for the great video.
Thank you!
Fantastic video, Thanks! But I noticed the 14.5V DC-DC converter was labeled 400-14.5VDC but the first gen Prius was 290VDC from the battery and had no boost. So shouldn't it be labeled 290-14.5VDC instead?
I looked back at the beginning of the teardown and saw the label of 275.8-500VDC on that converter. I thought I heard you say 400V input later on.
It's a "heart" of Hybrid Synergy Drive. You've mentioned about some issues with IGBT Moduls of 3-rd generation: what's wrong with them?
Thank you for teaching!
It was my understanding that there was an overheating issue, but I do not know for sure. Thanks for watching
Hi Professor Kelly, I would appreciate it if you inlight me with the following two questions.
When changing the motor-generator control computer as you mentioned they need to be reprogramed, could you tell us how can we reprogram this part or need to take it to the Toyota garage to reprogram it for us. My other question is when changing a DC to DC converter does the inverter need to be reprogramed too or do not need reprogramming. simply change an old to new.
You are doing very well job, these are very detail and understandable videos.
I really enjoy your video and it really help me to better understand the hybrid vehicles. I just noticed at the 12 minute mark on the video you are verifying the high voltage from the battery with meter set to DC. Then you go on checking the voltage at the three orange leads terminals; should the meter set to AC?
Awesome detailed lecture as always.
My question is got an 05 gen 11 Prius wt ready light blinks few times and no start also NO CODES , every time relay clicks from the H.V battery and the ready light flash for few times but no start and still no codes ..
NOTE
neither the internal combustion engine Nor the generator runs..
any advice will be appreciated
Check fuses. There is a large fuse in the service plug too. Remove the plug and check the fuse for continuity. Some scan tools will not read all hybrid system codes, only engine codes. Make sure you have someone check for codes with a Toyota scan tool. Best wishes.
Thx sir 4 your response and the input, the service plug checked out because the triangle light goes off once the plug is pushed down to connect the mentioned fuse .
Also there is no codes present , am using a Modis Edge and able to run thru the systems but just cant find anything ..
The inverter converter pump works as indicated by coolant movement
my Question Sir : if the HV battery only read 175.00 is the threshold achieved or must be 210 b4 it can be enough ..
A customer just called 'bout towing another 2010 Camry in now also Hybrid but those carries a 34 pack HV batt. i couldn't swap 2 test ..
Cannot swap entire Camry battery to test. I believe the individual modules are the same though. I don't know the Modis Edge's hybrid capabilities. Does it show the battery State of Charge percentage (SOC)? 175 Volts is too low. The 2004 Prius we have here cycles the engine on when the battery voltage is at 202V and 40% SOC and engine off at 232V and 50% SOC. You either have a bad/discharged battery or a charging system (inverter/transaxle) problem. I am betting on the battery
WeberAuto You are a fountain of knowledge ... I wish you better & healthier days 2 come pretty soon .. Like right now !
WeberAuto you was right it's the battery sir,car runs now
thanks mr kelly for video
is it possible to make a video of how to diagnose invert er,converter and MG1,MG2.THANKS
Hi professor, your videos are amazing, Iam in Mexico, I would ask you some help, I have a prius 2007 with dtc C1310 and the inveter was replaced but the problem was not solved. What else could be the problem?
Thank you. It can be a battery issue as well. There should be more codes
Did you clean the battery bus bar connectors with vinegar? Chris Fix has a video
Do you have specs for testing the different components of a 2007 inverter? I'm having trouble finding the information. My AC is cutting off intermittently and I suspect the inverter is turning it off and on. I'd like to know this is the problem before replacing this whole expensive unit.
The only diagnostics are the trouble codes than can set in the HV ECU (Requires a special scan tool). There are no specs on testing individual components. If it is a Prius, the DC-Dc converter housing contains the A/C compressor driver circuits. The A/C system could be cutting out for many reasons. Refrigerant level too high or too low, excessive pressures, restricted condensor, radiator fan(s), etc. Best wishes.
The pressures are fine, condenser as well, replaced the entire system with new parts. It blows cold as it did from the factory, when it works. Now that the weather is colder (I'm in Alabama) it seems to be working regularly. Radiator fans are turning on regularly. I'm tempted to replace the whole inverter unit with a used one. I appreciate your response.
Hi ,hoping u an help ASAP my car has a code p0A78 I check and say it’s battery inverter , is this the part I need to replace?
Probably, but sometimes the reason the inverter has failed is because of a shorted stator winding in the transaxle. On what year, make , and model of vehicle are you getting this code?
Thank you professor John this was very interesting and I’ve learned a lot, I have the Ford Fusion 2015 Hybrid and in the summer get better than the advertised fuel economy by driving a special way to make it use the power recovered as efficiently as possible. Will you be taking the Ford Fusion battery apart or is it very similar to the Prius battery. Thanks again and all the best, they are great videos.
Thank You! Yes, I already took apart the battery, inverter and transaxles. See th-cam.com/video/kmDpNr1PdMk/w-d-xo.html and th-cam.com/video/UddAfkFfXuU/w-d-xo.html and th-cam.com/video/hHU5xFOBcsU/w-d-xo.html and th-cam.com/video/MZf_BUuW5Qg/w-d-xo.html . Best wishes!
Excellent video and audio. Expert knowledge!!! Why have I never seen your content before!?
I have installed several 4pdt relays! What do you think that the markings on them mean? They are rated much like a switch. 2p2t. Yes, you can get a spst relay too.
Thank you very much!!
From Madrid, Spain.
super helpful video, very detailed and accessible explanation. Thank you so much for your work.
Glad it was helpful!
Reminds me way back 1984 when I was a computer engineer at CDC - Control Data Corporation - things like anti-static belts, etc😎
I looked at each of your vedios. That all vedio very important. But l need to know mithsubishi new genaration hybrid system how to working and PHEV and fuel - cell please make more vedio sri..
Thank you, I will keep it in mind.
Thanks sir. Also honda hybrid new genaration some vehicle came manual tranmission gear box type (vezel, shuttle, fit. Dual clutch transmissinon this car available). But shift lever show P R N D same auto gear type.so l need to know this technology sir. Make more vedios. Thanks sir