Talk tubes are still use in the Navy to talk between decks, and sometimes across engine room spaces. They also use "sound powered telephones" that don't require an external power source to operate. Your voice vibrates a diaphragm that has an attached magnet. The vibrating magnet produces a current that goes to the other phone, which reverses the process and creates sound for the receiver. Simple stuff can be important during combat or any situation where there is a power outage.
When I was in the US Coast Guard, one of the test they gave me was to find the batteries to the Sound Powered Phone. Of course, they were in the Sea Chest.
@@craiggersify Fourthing this request! In particular, I want to hear A's take on the CLIMATE implications of concrete manufacturing, and how things need to change or not change in future, if we are to survive! Incredibly important topic! 👏
All six simple machines are inclined planes. 1. Inclined plane is an inclined plane by law of identity 2. Mobile/hand-held inclined plane is a wedge. 3. Lever is an inclined plane where the inclination is variable. 4. Screw is an inclined plane along a spiral 5. Wheel is a constantly-variable inclined plane 6. Pulley is a wheel (already defined as an inclined plane in 5) with a rope Please note that I think this makes simple machines even cooler.
I posted almost the same thing as a response a few posts up, but had the wheel as distinct from the others (the pulley even works without a wheel and axle - you can do rope sliding over a cylinder, but I suppose that's just the axle interface inside a wheel that's got a bushing instead bearings). I'm not sure the wheel is "constantly variable inclined plane" so much as "continuously applied infinitesimal inclined plane", but I'll buy that all the machines are the same thing.
@@chrisl6546 Technically you're right about the wheel, but continuously-variable is shorter to write and makes intuitive sense even if it's not the right way to describe how to derive a wheel from an inclined plane. And a cylinder is just a wheel-and-axle where the axle _is_ the wheel.
yo how do i tell you this... you can explain all of this with math, as with everything... and when you have y as a function of x, you can also just, make x a function of y by just manipulating the algebra..... like... you're right... but like for maybe 10% of the picture.
@@citratune7830 Are you sure you commented on the right thread? Because... Well, yeah, engineering is applied physics, and physics is all math, but I don't see how the fact that you can convert between x = f(y) and y = f(x) is relevant. Unless that's specifically part of the conversion between the formula for an inclined plane and all of the other simple machines (I don't know, I've never bothered to look at, say, the formula for a screw and the formula for an inclined plane and figure out how they're mathematically related). Intuitively, I wouldn't think so, it seems to me that it would be a more complicated version of the conversion between conic sections (eg: a circle is a special case of an ellipse where the foci overlap, a parabola is a special case of an ellipse where one focus is at infinity, etc.), but I'm aware that intuition isn't always relevant in math, so I'd be entirely willing to be proven wrong.
The lame physics thing that I always love is timing correction for GPS satellites for all of the random little effects of the distance of each satellite from the center of the Earth, as well as the effects of the thickness of the atmosphere on the signal going directly to your specific receiver. A timing error of 1/10,000 of a second equals 186 miles of navigation calculation error, so it's a pretty cool, lame thing
For that reason, in addition to timing signals and their current positions (ephemerides), the satellites also have to broadcast an up-to-date model of the ionosphere. The ionosphere will variably refract light depending on momentary conditions, so a daily forecast isn't enough.
@@EebstertheGreat to add on top of that, there's a military version of the signal that comes from the GPS satellite that is transmitted on two separate frequencies on collocated antennas. Military GPS receivers get both of the signals, which have exactly the same time sequence code, and use the difference in the time they received the two signals, to more accurately calculate the thickness of the ionosphere for that particular line of sight.
@@nemock AIUI, the L2 PRN stream wasn't broken but rather a work-around was found to get equivalent performance (or close to it) from the unencrypted portions of the signal (phase?). Not sure on the details but this is distinct from WAAS.
I love paint, especially all the things it needs to do besides look some color, like protect drywall paper and plaster against everything that can destroy them, plug insect paths, keep tiny cracks hidden, smooth any rough textures into flat with enough coats, not break with temperature changes, not absorb anything/be wiped off, not dent when pressed, etc.
Who doesn't like a good paint story? We've all read The Periodic Table by Primo Levi, right? Classic paint literature. As for concrete, oh man. Where to begin? How about the estimate that the amount of concrete we've made will soon exceed Earth's biomass? You BETTER like concrete.
One of my engineering professors said that the sure test of whether someone is an engineer is that no matter what question you ask them, their answer starts with "That depends..." 🙂
Henry Petroski, the author of _To Engineer is Human,_ was a professor of engineering at Duke, specializing in failure analysis. He wrote a bunch of popular (that is, intended for the layman) books on engineering, including several on failure and design. He also wrote books on the engineering and design of everyday objects, including one book on the pencil, and another entire book on the toothpick. Very highly recommended. Sadly, he died last year at the young age of 81.
fun fact about the "vacuum is backwards in space" thing: the ISS has an RGA (residual gas analyzer, basically a mass spec like Angela said) very similar to the ones you'll find in basically every atomic physics lab, except instead of on a vacuum chamber it's sticking out into space, and they can use it to detect things like coolant leaks. Also you can kind of cheat to get a really good vacuum by cooling things down to liquid helium temperatures where almost everything freezes onto the walls and has extremely low vapour pressure, except helium and hydrogen. And if you have to open up your vacuum system to the atmosphere for whatever reason, it's really annoying to do it on an especially humid day because you'll trap way more water in there than usual and it'll take longer to pump it out of the system. Also getters are kind of used in a few different pumping technologies for vacuum systems (there's a kind of bewildering array of different ways to get gas out of your chamber. All the mechanical pump types (scroll, diaphragm, rotary vane, etc), turbopumps, ion pumps, cryopumps, oil diffusion pumps...) that are used in atomic physics experiments. Ion pumps work primarily by ionizing gas and slamming the ions into a cathode which acts as a getter.
Even hydrogen has low vapor pressure when you get down to liquid helium temperatures - we used to use a tiny slug of it as exchange gas to cool the inside of a vacuum can as we were doing the initial cooldown to 4K. It would freeze to the walls before we were accumulating helium around it.
I think MythBusters didn't figure out how the Greek could point their shields accuratelly... One way may be fixing a fishing net to vertical poles, each soldier can see if the part lighted by his shield is pointing to the enemy ship
love that Feynman quote - great video in the spirit of it. One thing to add about simple machines: the reasons these make manual labour easier are often best understood from a biomechanical perspective. Muscles generate force through contraction of fibres, the magnitude of which depends on various factors including length/cross-section and speed of contraction. Related to this, there is an optimal range of force that muscles can exert efficiently (in terms of converting metabolic to mechanical energy). Too low forces aren't always the most efficient because muscles are underutilised. Simple machines and tools based on them can help us translate the mechanical requirements of a task of manual labour to a regime where muscles act efficiently, plus they often allow these forces to be imparted with better posture (in more natural positions of muscles and joints that reduce strain) and load distribution (more evenly engaging multiple muscle groups). An interesting example is rowing, where in the boat's frame, we have a type 1 lever with a long load arm and a short effort arm (which is the opposite way around from most type 1 levers like a crowbar or pliers). See also: why do bicycles have gears?
The microwave doesn't actually have to vibrate at a very specific frequency to heat up your food, this is an often propagated myth. Water absorbs most above a few tens of kHz all the way up to IR. The reason microwaves use a very specific frequency in the house (2.4 GHz) is because we have an open band there, where everyone just decided 'yeah we are gonna let these specific frequencies be a kinda of free-for-all', and we don't use them for commercial data communication.
@@rawnet101 that’s such a neat fun fact, I only learned it trying to research mesh wifi. As someone who took the minimum amount of physics, it was wild to me that wifi and microwaves could conflict. I realized that I was treating wifi like it was made of internet
It's also not heating water specifically, but dipole molecules in general. Other examples being fats, sugars, and oils, at least some of which heating up more quickly than water.
@@rawnet101 WiFi actually got put there (well, the ISM band) precisely because the original microwave oven from Raytheon worked at those frequencies. They leaked, not enough to be harmful, but enough to disrupt sensitive receivers, so you couldn't really do anything useful in that band reliably. So they designated it as an ISM band instead, which is why Bluetooth, WiFi, etc... all sit in that band now.
The Brazil nut thing reminds me of the demonstration where a teacher fills a container full of, let's say tennis balls, and asks if the container is full. When the class says yes, they pour in marbles. Or something like that. Eventually water or sand gets added. Great demo.
Same setup in a philosophy class - the container represents your lifetime. Your lifetime is filled with your career, relationships, marriage, kids, possessions, hobbies (the tennis balls, marbles and sand). Don't add water, instead add beer, because no matter how full your lifetime is, there's always room for a beer.
That Feynman quote is spot on. It kind of makes physicists look like they don't know anything when you hear so much about what they don't know. You also end up hearing multiple contradictory stories about how they're going to solve something some issue and it gives the impression that they're just overturning the field constantly when it's really just not settled yet. I see that when reading comments on things like new battery research as well. People get jaded when every article talks about some fundamental breakthrough when it's all just early in the process. It usually will either not pan out or not pan out for years, but that's just normal when looking at the bleeding edge of research.
There have been so many "breakthroughs" in battery technology in the last 30 years that never went anywhere. Meanwhile, we made so much incremental progress in that time that modern batteries are WAY better than they were then.
Batteries are already so impressive, like little bombs with how much energy they store and fairly good safety to the point I think nothing of keeping them in my pocket or charging in another room. People be spoiled for reals.
It’s so hard because “yet another researcher confirms thing” is never going to get as many eyeballs as “researcher’s new theory could upend field”. But the former is really what the public should pay attention to. I don’t have the knowledge to vet new research unless it’s fundamentally flawed and I can dismiss it.
@@taylor3950 Part of why we see so many "researchers new theory could upend field! New crisis in physics!" things is that certain universities seem to be in the habit of sending out press releases every time one of their faculty publishes a paper, no matter how speculative.
Dr. G. Venkataraman has a book series "Vignettes in Physics" that shows unique essence of important physics principles. Like why there are only on the order of 110 elements(due to fine structure fundamental constant), why elastic modulus of Earth's crust only allows for a maximum mountain height such as Everest, although Mauna Kea, and Denali are taller from base to summit.
I appreciate the title, because if this was called "Nerdy Science Person Talks About Stuff They're Passionate About," I wouldn't be able to differentiate it from the rest of my TH-cam watchlist.
The last time I watched a video about something "exciting" in physics, the woman talking was also playing Binding of Isaac at the same time and beat the game while debunking superstring theory. Pretty fun video, you should check it out!
Hey Angela, regarding bars-I found this excellent paper on ArXiv entitled "How to Flip a Bar" that demonstrates how galactic bars can reverse their rotational direction. It was a really awesome read-super clear, well-written and with excellent figures. Plus, I hear the primary author has a TH-cam channel now where she expertly communicates scientific concepts despite not being a science communicator. 😛
The "light time correction" Got me thinking: The eclipse timing is changed not because the speed of light changed but time is passing differently depending on relative velocity. Its relativistic time dilation! 🤯
I'm a musician and there is a rare piece of gear for recording studios from the 1970s called a "Cooper Time Cube" it creates a delay effect by sending audio thru an actual length of coiled up tubing inside the box. Also I have a merch idea that might that have already been thought of: T-Shirt that reads "kinda fun"
wall street traders all have to use a coiled up cable for using their algo trader computers so no one has a nano second advantage over the others or something to that effect. this could be outdated by now and not really relevant other than coils.
@@koaasst The book Flash Boys has a good description of how and why that works. What's funnier to me is the story about a group spending a huge amount of money to buy up enough rights of way directly between NY and Chicago to lay fibre in a slightly straighter line to beat everyone else, and then almost immediately getting pipped by someone else who realised that microwave signals travel at ~c through the atmosphere compared to 2c/3 in a fibre.
@@koaasst Have you seen the circuitboards for microwave equipment? Microstrip components are crazy, they look like magic sigils. The wiki page for distributed element filters has some good ones
Great concept for a video. There was a radio ad I heard a while back: we are boring and solid, just handling your money competently. That is actually a good thing, for physics or banking.
At the intersection of talk tubes and parabolic mirrors: When I was a kid, there was a science museum that had two big parabolic dishes up above the ground. They were pointing at each other. One kid could climb up to the focal point of one dish. The other kid could climb up to the focal point of the other dish and they could talk quietly across the room. In general, the demonstration was a failure because, most kids can't talk quietly.
This is the principle of the 'Whispering Gallery' of Saint Paul's Cathedral in London, England (designed by Sir Christopher Wren ... opened in 1710). The circular gallery is at the base of the central dome, which has an outside diameter of 112 ft (34 m). R (Australia)
They're actually ellipsoids rather than paraboloids. That way they focus the sound at a particular point (their other focus) rather than at infinity. They are positioned so that their foci coincide, so someone standing at one focus can speak into the reflector to someone at the other focus.
I work in electronics manufacturing and we actually do keep the manufacturing floor humidified (25-50% RH) because it reduces the risk of ESD discharges (we also wear ESD shoes that conduct to the ESD floor tiles and wear smocks that also reduce ESD, so it's just one part of it). But also electronic components and boards don't really like being humidified (when you have to heat stuff up to 200+C they go pop if they absorb too much moisture) so it's a double edged sorta thing haha
I work with explosives, and we have yo keep some of the labs humidified to avoid electrostatic discharges since some materials are sensitive to an ESD.
You might like the old cartoon from the 90s called "Cro", about a thawed out mastodon telling stories about the first cro magnon kid, who he grew up with. Every episode explains some basic science thing and there are occasional in jokes for professional scientists. It was funded in part by the NSF and I think all the episodes are on youtube now.
When I saw the mythbusters episode on Archimedes. I can’t remember who said it, it was either someone on the show or my brother who I was watching it with. He said they probably used the mirrors to blind the guys on the boat. So they couldn’t shoot arrows or steer the boat. Someone knocked something over, ship burned and they said it was the mirrors. It reminds me of the story with the hairdryer.
Door wedges aren't lame. Most of the action films I watch, where the protagonists are running away from a mortal threat, could be easily resolved with a pocket full of really cheap door wedges. Next time you are watching a film imagine them having a dozen wedges and how they could easily overcome the situation. It's fun. (Doesn't work so well in woods or deserts though)
I loved the part about vacuum systems! I work with a vacuum system for fundamental physics experiments and can talk a little about it. One thing that is really helpful that simultaneously improves the vacuum while also slowing the outgassing rate is to use a cryo system to make the walls of your system really cold. There's an effect (I don't remember the name of the effect) where gases tend to stick to cold things, which means a) some of the atmosphere in the chamber will just stick to the walls and b) the gases in the material getting ready to outgas will also stick to the walls You say that using a getter is "not what you want to do in a high-precision atomic physics experiment," but that's not totally true. My lab isn't currently using getters, but we've talked about it before (not barium getters, I think we were more interested in charcoal getters) to improve our vacuum. I know a lab next door uses getters to improve their vacuum as well. You might not want to use them in some contexts, like at an accelerator facility or something, but they're a viable option in my realm of atomic/molecular optical physics.
sometimes the getter is used periodically and in a pump off to the side, like sublimation pumps where you periodically refresh a surface by closing off the pump and heating a filament to evaporate some new material, then open it back up to getter the stuff in the chamber. And cryopumps & charcoal/zeolite sorption pumps are essentially getter pumps that use physisorption rather than chemisorption
Litterally the opposite of tiktok, long form videos on science and I think you are so hilarious. I am with you on the absence of mythbusters. I'm a physics teacher and still use some of their clips to highlight a principle for the lab we are about to investigate. I miss them all the time. I think a lot of the new generation moved onto to youtube, guys like SmarterEveryday, Vertasium and Mark Rober, but the engineering side are propped up by makers like Xyla Foxlin and StuffMadeHere and even Adam Savage is still in that space and are always a delight to watch and explore.
Also good to watch, but alas not really science is the SloMoGuys unless you want to try to categorize it as experimental kinematic observations without calculations.
You've mentioned that it's hard to get a straight answer from an engineer, and the examples were great. While you said 'how often should I clean this?' I was going to ask 'What do you clean it with?' Mostly in the same way as you were recommending us not to hold radioactive material in our hands.
How did you convey to the boy who thought it was heat that he was wrong but what he said was brilliant? He made an observation and tried to make a deduction. Natural scientist right there. He just happened to be wrong. I hope he wasn't disappointed.
He already knew he was smart, probably. When you're asking interesting questions, and everybody else is just... sitting there, it's pretty obvious. Edit: Then of course the most silent person in the whole school turns out to be valedictorian 🙃. Fucking Melissa God dammit
I work in a lab that tests vacuum equipment or a manufacturer of said equipment, so I was not expecting to learn anything new in the vacuum/outgassing chapter (in fact I was listening for errors 🙂), but I had never considered that space craft have the outgassing problem from the other side! Great video!
@@jennyc3919 lmaoooo... pancake earth theory wasn't enough, the people want crepe theory or waffle theory. Btw, did you know that the earth is a waffle because it has to hold a whole bunch of water on the surface. In fact, going back roughly 5000 years it was indeed all maple syrup if we speculate about all the petrified trees.
The talk on outgassing was really cool. It reminds me of a problem we've had at work: polymer O-rings, when pressurized, allow some gas to permeate the material. During rapid decompression, those gasses escape violently and can cause the O-ring to rupture. This is often a critical failure mode in valves.
These are all super cool and not lame at all. People who think they are lame, are boring. Science is freaking amazing. I just taught my 4 year old about levers the other day. When I drew it on the whiteboard, he correctly deduced how the location of the fulcrum would change the ease of lifting. Then we did a demonstration with a 2x6 and a kettlebell, and he was super proud of the fact he could lift the kettlebell when the lever side was longer than the weight side. So fun! Not lame at all!
15:38 For decades, the role of water in contact electrification has been a heatedly disputed topic. In some cases water improves charging, in some cases inhibits. Some researchers insist that water is necessary for tribocharging to happen. It's a nightmare. I had reviewers tell me that my paper about contact electrification should be rejected because it was not about the role of water, and they believed that anything unrelated to water is not worth researching in tribocharging.
check out the advances on the plasmoid unification model. water is critical for the test device. Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project has been showing rather interesting test results under electron microscope.
Hey, I just wanted to let you know that your videos really helped me in preparing for the physics exam that I finally passed on my 9th retake! I was so stressed about failing a year and getting all these new concepts to me, but your videos reminded me of my love for physics and helped me push through anxiety and worry to passing my first physics exam. With love and curiosity everything is easier.
Talk tubes used to be a big part of steam ships. They got much bigger, when they didn't have to depend on the wind, so the captain couldn't just holler at the people working the sails. So bridges had talk tubes to different parts of the ship. Then, in the 23rd century, the Federation developed communicators, so of course within the Enterprise they didn't use their handheld communications, Scotty had to go to a red electronic talk tube on that wall over there to talk to the captain.
8:07 : While everything Angela said about microwave ovens is true, the microwaves don't actually HAVE to be at a specific frequency to excite water molecules. They can be at ANY of a broad range of frequencies, as long as most of the generated microwaves are at (any) one frequency. Water molecules are excited by microwave radiation across a broad range of frequencies, because they are POLAR MOLECULES. The oscillating E-M waves cause polar molecules to flip back-and-forth rapidly, which quickly turns into thermal motion. In other words, they are not "tuned to the resonany frequency of water" or any such bologna. But it only works if the water molecules are in the LIQUID or gaseous phase. Frozen water ice does NOT benefit from being made of polar molecules, because the molecules in a solid can't just flip back and forth. They still benefit from absorbing some of the incident radiation, but the effect is much slower. This is why defrosting takes so much longer in a microwave oven.
@@bryanez1003 Chip in $1 to her Patreon once, and that's worth more than all the ads you could ever watch on a given channel. Faster and easier as well.
Re: the comment about engineers During my first internship, one of my projects was this bypass pipe that happened to stick out right at about waist height. I was giving my final presentation, talking about what loads I sized it for and all that when somebody asked if I had stood on it. I of course was like "no please don't do that" when suddenly my mentor, in the back of the room, says "oh yeah, I went and jumped on it right after it got welded on to make sure you did your math right"
I think the reason people want to hear you talk about new physics stuff is twofold: 1. People love negativity and laughing at fools, and they believe they have pointed you to a fool, or 2. They know that they’re not experts, and they know that you are an expert, and they think this thing MIGHT be true, but before they accept a new belief, they want to confirm this new belief.
Never underestimate a trolls burning lust to manufacture imaginary ammunition against verifiable reality, out of their own wilful ignorance and baseless arrogance. "The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent are full of doubt.” - Bertrand Russell
People love to feel smart by nodding when someone who knows something explains that another person is a fool, even when they don't understand the explanation and can't be sure that the person explaining is an expert. People also love to feel smart by "chipping in" into a conversation with a piece of novel information they don't fully understand or don't understand at all. The idea of "people love negativity" is BS because it's an oversimplification, a cliche, and a factoid. It's like saying "People love salt" - we like it when there's some salt in our food, but not eating salt itself.
After some consideration, I find you are one of the best science communicators out there. Better than Neil, he comes off as preachy, you lay things out and gently show their significance and also the big picture somehow. Sagan would be proud.
For the van Der Graaf demo in my high school class, the teacher had us all get in a line across the room and hold hands. I was in the middle. She told the student on one end to put his hand on the ball, and all our hair stood up. Then she told the student on the other end to grab the faucet of the lab sink. I was apparently the only one who knew about electricity, and said "Don't do that, you'll ground us⚡RRK⚡!"
I've never personally tested it, but supposedly if a line of rural children join hands, and one touches an electrified livestock fence, the only one that feels a shock is the one on the far end. Maybe your teacher just hated the student near the faucet. On May 25, 1986 there was a fundraiser called Hands Across America. The Saturday Night Live, Weekend Update joke was that after they all joined hands, the guy on the coast touched a live wire.
@@EinsteinsHair This is essentially true. It sucks a lot more though because those fences have to be carrying enough current and voltage to get through the resistance of cowhide to scare them with a shock. I grounded a livestock fence once like a moron in high school on a dare and my fuckin heart had to have stopped for a minute, felt like taking a hammer directly to the chest. edit: hammer not ham though a heavy ham slamming into your chest would still hurt.
@@EinsteinsHair SNL; The old ones were great...shame I did not realize that when I was 16-18 20; Murray Chase Murphy! Martin, Belush, Ackroids...Omgolly... speaking of high school - when I saw her hair I thought, "..did she start this in High school? Nope... washed her hair with the 80s, dry look..
@@EinsteinsHair When I was in high school we had a horse named surprise, because she was a surprise gift for my sisters. Surprise didn't like to be ridden but I was riding her one day and I just pulled my leg away when she tried to bite me. So she went over to the electric fence to touch my leg to it to get me off her. I shouted "No, don't do it!" but she did anyway and surprise, she learned that humans conduct electricity. I didn't feel like riding anymore after that though so I guess it worked. But she never tried to use the fence to get a rider off again.
90% of children's media gets pulleys wrong. Everything from Sesame Street to Sci Show Kids to Sid the Science Kid shows one pulley attached up high and one rope going over the top and suddenly things are lighter. NO THEY AREN'! That is just changing the direction of the force, not increasing it. Super Grover cannot life a piano that way, even if he had super strength (which he doesn't) because he weighs less than the piano. It isn't that hard to explain it to a kid. Have your character up in a tree house. In one scenario, they tie a rope to a bucket and try to lift it and it's too heave. In the other scenario, they tie the rope up in the tree house and loop it through the bucket handle, then lift the other end and it feels like half the weight, but you have to pull twice as far. And you can see that there are 2 ropes pulling on the bucket with you pulling on one and the other essentially being pulled by the tree house. But the tree house is just holding its end, so you have to pull far enough for both. Don't need multiple pulleys to complex ratios. 1 pulley is enough with an easy ratio of 1:2. But you have to actually set it up correctly. I had expected better from the quality shows I let my kids watch. When I saw the third one get it wrong, I got frustrated and demonstrated it for my kids myself in real life. They learned more about how even good sources are wrong sometimes than anything else.
I suspect a lot of people hate math and science and even distrust science simply because of bad teaching and examples like these. If you do that and then slap them down when they question the obvious flaws for “defying authority,” you build a society that thinks intellectuals are full of it. Hard to blame them at that point, a little bit.
Lol, I paused as soon as you mentioned satisfying feather and wedge videos to find one. I watched one, came back, and then you showed a clip from the video I found.
I've never encountered a playground talk tube with my kids that actually worked. I think here in Massachusetts they may crack in the winter when the ground freezes and then get filled with dirt.
1) That diagram of gravity relative to the centre of the earth is the clearest explanation of tides I’ve seen. 2) Love the title Angela. Now I’m just thinking about Raymond Carver.
I think this is the first video from your channel that I saw, and I have since binged the entire channel. This is one of my favorite videos and would love to see a sequel.
20:46 I just have to pedantically jump in there. The work required must of course stay the same, the required force is reduced. You make a big movement and need little force whilst the wood is being pushed outward only a small amount with higher force. In that sense it's just a leverage effect. Of course, you are already putting work into the axe while lifting it upwards and then you are adding some on to during the swing. (Of course, the force stays the same only in first approximation, if we ignore fracture mechanics of different axe geometries and velocities.)
CERN has an accelerator school with great notes freely available about the outgassing calculations. I have used it myself extensively. In atomic physics we routinely use getters to maintain vacuum since they have such good pumping speeds.
Back in the day I was a Xerox man. When we changed developer, we shook the new package to build up the triibo effect, which was required to make the xerographic process work. Each developer particle was charged and held several particles of toner. If the developer failed, the copy looked awful.
Ah if you do a concrete manufacturing video, it'd be interesting to hear your thoughts on the techniques involving large limestone chunks for concrete. It's not that engineers don't want to answer the question because it's their jam, but it's that they require more data to give an accurate educated guess. First video I watched of yours, love the sudden ending.
Angela, you and all of the other science creators on TH-cam are the replacement for Mythbusters, at least for me. A solid 'any night' for me is watching the latest vids from your channel, or Dr. Becky's channel, or Cool Worlds, or PBS Space Time, etc. Thanks for carrying the torch.
My uncle tangentially works in bar formation, he goes around and collects the steel scrap they use to make rebar and sells it so he can buy liquor. You guys would probably have a lot to talk about if he were real.
Yes, _please_ talk about concrete. It's so important and I know next to nothing about it. It's one of the largest man made producers of CO2, and it has rocks of different sizes that helps stop fracture propagation, and.... That's about all I know.
It seems like science and engineering shows only exist on TH-cam or Nebula. Which is great because there are a lot of talented people and interesting topics out there.
When you talked about the Jupiter thing for the speed of light I was like "Oh I wonder if shes talking about that old physics book (I have the same ooone) I was so surprised when you brought up the excerpt and I realized it was. I'm not a physicist or anything but nature's the coolest thing so I bought this book to read when bored or whatever.
Quick electrical engineering story: The manufacturer of a variable frequency drive (VFD) required limits to the number of conductors to be placed in one conduit. Induced voltages could reach the thousands. I quoted this specification (page & paragraph) on every drawing for installation. My superior (a Mechanical Engineer) told me that was not my place; take it off. I didn’t. Of course, the field electrician ‘knew better’ and ignored the specification. As soon as I arrived on site for startup I checked and put everyone on notice that this was ignored. When the motors started burning up from coronal discharge it was my company’s (i.e. my) fault. After a long investigation and a conference call involving at least five different companies the customer suddenly understood, stopped the meeting and said they would get back to us. Hang up; the above mentioned superior looked at me and honestly said good job!
As you were presenting the concept of the talk tube on the play ground, I got an epiphany. A dozen tubes (or more) around the play ground going to a central point. That central point has an internal rotating mechanism. The catch is it doesn't have the same number of hollow connections (and cross over in non-distinct directions.) So, when turned (from a wheel above) it can change the location of receiving sound waves. Some can skip over too 2 tubes while others skip too 3 tubes. If elaborate enough, you can even have one come directly back too the initiator.
When I learned that Peppa's Daddy Pig was a concrete specialist (the family rode a train to a non specific central EU country where all Daddy Pig had to do was test a concrete block or something then they holidayed for a while) I was like, I knew Daddy Pig was awesome!
Fantastic video. It's not just your words, it's how you say them and how you express your personality while you're talking. When you got to outgassing, I started composing a Comment about Getters in electronic vacuum tubes. Which are a lot more obscure in the tech world now than when I was in High School Electronics class 50 odd years ago. I was so tickled that the hyper intelligent tech nerds putting it all together in the 20s and 30s (You, Me Everyone here is a Nerd and hopefully proud of it) thought up the word 'Getter' and went with it and now it's a nerd monument for all time. Until the fall of technology I guess. I have a vivid memory of having the little blob of Getter inside the vacuum tube pointed out to me. Nerdvanna! Thank You Angela, you do good work, better get cracking on your gravity book. 5 years flies by faster than you can imagine.
Oh dear, "writing long s as an f". Wow, get out the calendar and mark the day, I actually get to correct Angela. If you look closely, you'll see that the cross line (burr) on the long s is only on the left side of the vertical shaft whereas the cross line on the f crosses the vertical shaft fully and extends on both sides. Long s and f are two very distinct letters. Back in the day there were very strict typographical rules about when a long s and a round s were used. Fun fact: you can still see a remnant of the long s today. The German letter "ß" is actually a ligature of long s and round s. This can be seen well in some fonts (e.g. Palatino) whereas other fonts (like Times) use a beta instead of a real "sz". For the nitpickers: there is actually a difference between "ss" and "sz", but the present day "ß" is typographically an "ss" although it's called "sz".
I've just discovered your channel, and it's amazingly perceptive, and seems to chime with the things I'm really interested in. Like Brazil nut hydro-dynamics (I observe this every day). And ancient physics. Bars might seem a bit lame. But actually, learning that most galaxies are barred totally sparked my renewed interest in the universe when I came back to Scotland. Coupled with galactic super-massive black holes. I'm totally obsessed with galaxies and their cosmological role. Please keep the passion for physics going!
Hello Angela Civil Engineer here and I do own the book To Engineer Is Human. If you're interested in how engineers design you may want to look into Load and Resistance Factor Design, LRFD for short. Also concrete can be very complex a subject to tackle. I wish you luck on that video.
You still could give the video a clickbait title, like "Physicist thinks about a talk tube. Then this happens..." 😂 PS. I will buy your book when you publish it!
I love these scathing critiques on our sci-fi riddled little minds. So nice to get educated with actual theories, and add some humor to it as well. Thank you Angela, I'm having a good time over here! Keep up the good work!
TH-cam is the only science show replacement if you find good creators like you. Every thing else is dumbed down, or the same topics done the same way every time.
I really love the change in approach here. It counters the "science is always changing we actually know nothing" meme.
As I often say, "god I hate pop-sci"
This right here is proof that Angela is an underappreciated super-star.
True Kyle, but I go to work at my lab every day and think "wow I really know nothing"
So checkmate, you beautiful bastard.
The "scientists baffled" meme is just a passive-aggressive expression of insecurity beloved of arts graduates who work in the media.
@@Zothaqqua Mostly promulgated by the religious.
Talk tubes are still use in the Navy to talk between decks, and sometimes across engine room spaces. They also use "sound powered telephones" that don't require an external power source to operate. Your voice vibrates a diaphragm that has an attached magnet. The vibrating magnet produces a current that goes to the other phone, which reverses the process and creates sound for the receiver. Simple stuff can be important during combat or any situation where there is a power outage.
That’s super cool
I'll bet the price tag of those between-deck talk tubes is a little higher than the playground tube Angela showed us...
Literally reading this underway. As a nuke electrician we use sound powered phones for comms all the time
Literally reading this underway. As a nuke electrician we use sound powered phones for comms all the time
When I was in the US Coast Guard, one of the test they gave me was to find the batteries to the Sound Powered Phone. Of course, they were in the Sea Chest.
Lame physics things that, when explained to me, force my face into an uncontrollable joker smile.
critically rare CD comment 😮
I see you also have great taste in physics youtubers
Collab when!?
aye aye captain
Definitely posted this after seeing the talking tubes and realizing all the pranks one could use them for
10. 1:46 - Time Light correction
9. 5:57 - Talk Tubes / Waveguides
8. 9:01 - Solar Cookers
7. 12:49 - Triboelectric effect
6. 16:00 - Granular Convection
5. 19:36 - Wedge
4. 22:30 - Probability
3. 27:09 - Bar Formation
2. 31:00 - Faster Than Light Veclocites
1. 33:26 - Outgassing and Vacuum Impossibility
does she have videos for only physics fans?
Here for the concrete manufacturing video idea
Oh man … please please please!
Yes!! concrete is so complex and important
I think she’s going to talk about her favorite papers on concrete manufacturing just so she can call the video Concrete Abstracts.
@@craiggersify Fourthing this request! In particular, I want to hear A's take on the CLIMATE implications of concrete manufacturing, and how things need to change or not change in future, if we are to survive! Incredibly important topic! 👏
damn give me that BETON video
All six simple machines are inclined planes.
1. Inclined plane is an inclined plane by law of identity
2. Mobile/hand-held inclined plane is a wedge.
3. Lever is an inclined plane where the inclination is variable.
4. Screw is an inclined plane along a spiral
5. Wheel is a constantly-variable inclined plane
6. Pulley is a wheel (already defined as an inclined plane in 5) with a rope
Please note that I think this makes simple machines even cooler.
I posted almost the same thing as a response a few posts up, but had the wheel as distinct from the others (the pulley even works without a wheel and axle - you can do rope sliding over a cylinder, but I suppose that's just the axle interface inside a wheel that's got a bushing instead bearings). I'm not sure the wheel is "constantly variable inclined plane" so much as "continuously applied infinitesimal inclined plane", but I'll buy that all the machines are the same thing.
@@chrisl6546 Technically you're right about the wheel, but continuously-variable is shorter to write and makes intuitive sense even if it's not the right way to describe how to derive a wheel from an inclined plane. And a cylinder is just a wheel-and-axle where the axle _is_ the wheel.
yo how do i tell you this... you can explain all of this with math, as with everything... and when you have y as a function of x, you can also just, make x a function of y by just manipulating the algebra..... like... you're right... but like for maybe 10% of the picture.
@@citratune7830 Are you sure you commented on the right thread? Because... Well, yeah, engineering is applied physics, and physics is all math, but I don't see how the fact that you can convert between x = f(y) and y = f(x) is relevant. Unless that's specifically part of the conversion between the formula for an inclined plane and all of the other simple machines (I don't know, I've never bothered to look at, say, the formula for a screw and the formula for an inclined plane and figure out how they're mathematically related). Intuitively, I wouldn't think so, it seems to me that it would be a more complicated version of the conversion between conic sections (eg: a circle is a special case of an ellipse where the foci overlap, a parabola is a special case of an ellipse where one focus is at infinity, etc.), but I'm aware that intuition isn't always relevant in math, so I'd be entirely willing to be proven wrong.
>titles video "lame physics things"
>proceeds to talk about nothing but cool physics things
That might mean the viewer (including myself) is lame 😂😂
I love that how this has become her _signature_ at this point-the anti-clickbait title.
all are cool but not cool enough for an entire video. Perfect top 10 material
@@niemand6031ok, but you’re niemand. So it doesn’t count.
@@bimrebeats
That's why I put myself in parentheses :D
The lame physics thing that I always love is timing correction for GPS satellites for all of the random little effects of the distance of each satellite from the center of the Earth, as well as the effects of the thickness of the atmosphere on the signal going directly to your specific receiver. A timing error of 1/10,000 of a second equals 186 miles of navigation calculation error, so it's a pretty cool, lame thing
For that reason, in addition to timing signals and their current positions (ephemerides), the satellites also have to broadcast an up-to-date model of the ionosphere. The ionosphere will variably refract light depending on momentary conditions, so a daily forecast isn't enough.
@@EebstertheGreat to add on top of that, there's a military version of the signal that comes from the GPS satellite that is transmitted on two separate frequencies on collocated antennas. Military GPS receivers get both of the signals, which have exactly the same time sequence code, and use the difference in the time they received the two signals, to more accurately calculate the thickness of the ionosphere for that particular line of sight.
Better civilian receivers can also read both signals(L1/L2), they just cost more.
@@HiroProtago really? I didn't know they had access to the l1/l2. Has that been allowed since SA was discontinued or has it always been possible?
@@nemock AIUI, the L2 PRN stream wasn't broken but rather a work-around was found to get equivalent performance (or close to it) from the unencrypted portions of the signal (phase?). Not sure on the details but this is distinct from WAAS.
Photon is checking in for his flight and the attendant asks if he has any carry-ons. "No," He replies, "I'm traveling light."
Ta dam tish
Nice
Did he fly Helios?
I'm using that one.
"... therefore I don't need a driver's license."
--says the sovereign citizen Light
you should do like 40 more of these videos so I can learn 400 lame physics things
I spent 17 years manufacturing paint. I too can't wait to hear 55 minutes of discourse on concrete.
My favorite random scientific journal I liked to read in my university’s engineering library was: Concrete Abstracts
I love paint, especially all the things it needs to do besides look some color, like protect drywall paper and plaster against everything that can destroy them, plug insect paths, keep tiny cracks hidden, smooth any rough textures into flat with enough coats, not break with temperature changes, not absorb anything/be wiped off, not dent when pressed, etc.
I would watch the paint video.
@@acollierastro but not it drying!
Who doesn't like a good paint story? We've all read The Periodic Table by Primo Levi, right? Classic paint literature. As for concrete, oh man. Where to begin? How about the estimate that the amount of concrete we've made will soon exceed Earth's biomass? You BETTER like concrete.
One of my engineering professors said that the sure test of whether someone is an engineer is that no matter what question you ask them, their answer starts with "That depends..." 🙂
Are engineers and economists related?
That sounds like the law tuber Legal Eagle.
Ecologists, too!
Is the glass half-empty or half-full?
Engineer: I'd say it's twice as big as it needs to be, waste of material.
@@suttoncoldfield9318 , that's one of my favorite jokes. 🙂
Henry Petroski, the author of _To Engineer is Human,_ was a professor of engineering at Duke, specializing in failure analysis. He wrote a bunch of popular (that is, intended for the layman) books on engineering, including several on failure and design. He also wrote books on the engineering and design of everyday objects, including one book on the pencil, and another entire book on the toothpick. Very highly recommended. Sadly, he died last year at the young age of 81.
I read the pencil book. It was very fun.
Thanks for the reference!
fun fact about the "vacuum is backwards in space" thing: the ISS has an RGA (residual gas analyzer, basically a mass spec like Angela said) very similar to the ones you'll find in basically every atomic physics lab, except instead of on a vacuum chamber it's sticking out into space, and they can use it to detect things like coolant leaks.
Also you can kind of cheat to get a really good vacuum by cooling things down to liquid helium temperatures where almost everything freezes onto the walls and has extremely low vapour pressure, except helium and hydrogen.
And if you have to open up your vacuum system to the atmosphere for whatever reason, it's really annoying to do it on an especially humid day because you'll trap way more water in there than usual and it'll take longer to pump it out of the system.
Also getters are kind of used in a few different pumping technologies for vacuum systems (there's a kind of bewildering array of different ways to get gas out of your chamber. All the mechanical pump types (scroll, diaphragm, rotary vane, etc), turbopumps, ion pumps, cryopumps, oil diffusion pumps...) that are used in atomic physics experiments. Ion pumps work primarily by ionizing gas and slamming the ions into a cathode which acts as a getter.
Even hydrogen has low vapor pressure when you get down to liquid helium temperatures - we used to use a tiny slug of it as exchange gas to cool the inside of a vacuum can as we were doing the initial cooldown to 4K. It would freeze to the walls before we were accumulating helium around it.
"What replaced MythBusters as like a really fun engineering show."
You did.
Sorry.
Angela: 💀
I love this, and there are other people carrying the torch. But almost none of them has a budget. And those that do, get sidetracked.
Came here to say the same thing.
I think MythBusters didn't figure out how the Greek could point their shields accuratelly...
One way may be fixing a fishing net to vertical poles,
each soldier can see if the part lighted by his shield is pointing to the enemy ship
Adam Savage also has a TH-cam channel called Tested. Not really the same format as Mythbusters, but fun for Adam Savage talking about prop-making.
love that Feynman quote - great video in the spirit of it.
One thing to add about simple machines: the reasons these make manual labour easier are often best understood from a biomechanical perspective. Muscles generate force through contraction of fibres, the magnitude of which depends on various factors including length/cross-section and speed of contraction. Related to this, there is an optimal range of force that muscles can exert efficiently (in terms of converting metabolic to mechanical energy).
Too low forces aren't always the most efficient because muscles are underutilised. Simple machines and tools based on them can help us translate the mechanical requirements of a task of manual labour to a regime where muscles act efficiently, plus they often allow these forces to be imparted with better posture (in more natural positions of muscles and joints that reduce strain) and load distribution (more evenly engaging multiple muscle groups).
An interesting example is rowing, where in the boat's frame, we have a type 1 lever with a long load arm and a short effort arm (which is the opposite way around from most type 1 levers like a crowbar or pliers).
See also: why do bicycles have gears?
"Dads. You know Dads?" Made me chortle
It's the hairy ones with cargo shorts, baseball cap and their hands in their pockets right?
It gets less funny as it gets more real.
The microwave doesn't actually have to vibrate at a very specific frequency to heat up your food, this is an often propagated myth. Water absorbs most above a few tens of kHz all the way up to IR. The reason microwaves use a very specific frequency in the house (2.4 GHz) is because we have an open band there, where everyone just decided 'yeah we are gonna let these specific frequencies be a kinda of free-for-all', and we don't use them for commercial data communication.
Yep - which is exactly why it interferes with wireless internet connections.
@@rawnet101 that’s such a neat fun fact, I only learned it trying to research mesh wifi. As someone who took the minimum amount of physics, it was wild to me that wifi and microwaves could conflict. I realized that I was treating wifi like it was made of internet
It's also not heating water specifically, but dipole molecules in general. Other examples being fats, sugars, and oils, at least some of which heating up more quickly than water.
That makes sense to me. I've always wondered why the thing is supposedly tuned to water but the damn plate gets hotter than my food.
@@rawnet101 WiFi actually got put there (well, the ISM band) precisely because the original microwave oven from Raytheon worked at those frequencies. They leaked, not enough to be harmful, but enough to disrupt sensitive receivers, so you couldn't really do anything useful in that band reliably. So they designated it as an ISM band instead, which is why Bluetooth, WiFi, etc... all sit in that band now.
i hope that concrete manufacturing being you special interest was sincere and not a joke because that video sounds fascinating
The Brazil nut thing reminds me of the demonstration where a teacher fills a container full of, let's say tennis balls, and asks if the container is full. When the class says yes, they pour in marbles. Or something like that. Eventually water or sand gets added. Great demo.
Same setup in a philosophy class - the container represents your lifetime.
Your lifetime is filled with your career, relationships, marriage, kids, possessions, hobbies (the tennis balls, marbles and sand).
Don't add water, instead add beer, because no matter how full your lifetime is, there's always room for a beer.
That Feynman quote is spot on. It kind of makes physicists look like they don't know anything when you hear so much about what they don't know.
You also end up hearing multiple contradictory stories about how they're going to solve something some issue and it gives the impression that they're just overturning the field constantly when it's really just not settled yet. I see that when reading comments on things like new battery research as well. People get jaded when every article talks about some fundamental breakthrough when it's all just early in the process. It usually will either not pan out or not pan out for years, but that's just normal when looking at the bleeding edge of research.
There have been so many "breakthroughs" in battery technology in the last 30 years that never went anywhere. Meanwhile, we made so much incremental progress in that time that modern batteries are WAY better than they were then.
@@Sam_on_TH-cam Sometimes when people talk "skeptically" about the subject it sounds like they've been hibernating since 1978.
Batteries are already so impressive, like little bombs with how much energy they store and fairly good safety to the point I think nothing of keeping them in my pocket or charging in another room. People be spoiled for reals.
It’s so hard because “yet another researcher confirms thing” is never going to get as many eyeballs as “researcher’s new theory could upend field”. But the former is really what the public should pay attention to. I don’t have the knowledge to vet new research unless it’s fundamentally flawed and I can dismiss it.
@@taylor3950 Part of why we see so many "researchers new theory could upend field! New crisis in physics!" things is that certain universities seem to be in the habit of sending out press releases every time one of their faculty publishes a paper, no matter how speculative.
Dr. G. Venkataraman has a book series "Vignettes in Physics" that shows unique essence of important physics principles. Like why there are only on the order of 110 elements(due to fine structure fundamental constant), why elastic modulus of Earth's crust only allows for a maximum mountain height such as Everest, although Mauna Kea, and Denali are taller from base to summit.
I appreciate the title, because if this was called "Nerdy Science Person Talks About Stuff They're Passionate About," I wouldn't be able to differentiate it from the rest of my TH-cam watchlist.
lol same
The last time I watched a video about something "exciting" in physics, the woman talking was also playing Binding of Isaac at the same time and beat the game while debunking superstring theory. Pretty fun video, you should check it out!
any clue what its called?
@@frostjune6072 "String Theory Lied" by Angela Collier
Hey Angela, regarding bars-I found this excellent paper on ArXiv entitled "How to Flip a Bar" that demonstrates how galactic bars can reverse their rotational direction. It was a really awesome read-super clear, well-written and with excellent figures.
Plus, I hear the primary author has a TH-cam channel now where she expertly communicates scientific concepts despite not being a science communicator.
😛
The "light time correction" Got me thinking:
The eclipse timing is changed not because the speed of light changed but time is passing differently depending on relative velocity. Its relativistic time dilation! 🤯
I'm a musician and there is a rare piece of gear for recording studios from the 1970s called a "Cooper Time Cube" it creates a delay effect by sending audio thru an actual length of coiled up tubing inside the box.
Also I have a merch idea that might that have already been thought of: T-Shirt that reads "kinda fun"
I love that shirt design idea!
wall street traders all have to use a coiled up cable for using their algo trader computers so no one has a nano second advantage over the others or something to that effect. this could be outdated by now and not really relevant other than coils.
@@koaasst The book Flash Boys has a good description of how and why that works. What's funnier to me is the story about a group spending a huge amount of money to buy up enough rights of way directly between NY and Chicago to lay fibre in a slightly straighter line to beat everyone else, and then almost immediately getting pipped by someone else who realised that microwave signals travel at ~c through the atmosphere compared to 2c/3 in a fibre.
@@L1ama thats pretty cool. speaking of microwave, i spent a lot of rabbit hole time on the at&t microwave history which is pretty kick ass in itself.
@@koaasst Have you seen the circuitboards for microwave equipment? Microstrip components are crazy, they look like magic sigils. The wiki page for distributed element filters has some good ones
Great concept for a video. There was a radio ad I heard a while back: we are boring and solid, just handling your money competently. That is actually a good thing, for physics or banking.
At the intersection of talk tubes and parabolic mirrors:
When I was a kid, there was a science museum that had two big parabolic dishes up above the ground. They were pointing at each other. One kid could climb up to the focal point of one dish. The other kid could climb up to the focal point of the other dish and they could talk quietly across the room. In general, the demonstration was a failure because, most kids can't talk quietly.
The Franklin Institute and Toronto Science Center both had a room with parabolic acoustic reflectors
In the days before radar, large parabolic sound reflectors (up to 5 meters across) were used to listen for distant aircraft.
This is the principle of the 'Whispering Gallery' of Saint Paul's Cathedral in London, England (designed by Sir Christopher Wren ... opened in 1710). The circular gallery is at the base of the central dome, which has an outside diameter of 112 ft (34 m). R (Australia)
They're actually ellipsoids rather than paraboloids. That way they focus the sound at a particular point (their other focus) rather than at infinity. They are positioned so that their foci coincide, so someone standing at one focus can speak into the reflector to someone at the other focus.
@@CharlesStearman Some of those aircraft-detection sound mirrors still exist IIRC (not in use, obviously),
I work in electronics manufacturing and we actually do keep the manufacturing floor humidified (25-50% RH) because it reduces the risk of ESD discharges (we also wear ESD shoes that conduct to the ESD floor tiles and wear smocks that also reduce ESD, so it's just one part of it). But also electronic components and boards don't really like being humidified (when you have to heat stuff up to 200+C they go pop if they absorb too much moisture) so it's a double edged sorta thing haha
!! I work in a similar environment! We want our ambient humidity at 50% but we store things at
I work with explosives, and we have yo keep some of the labs humidified to avoid electrostatic discharges since some materials are sensitive to an ESD.
Finding a new Dr. Collier video on a Saturday morning gives me the joy of a 90's teenager who woke up in time for cartoons. 😍
It’s not about you
You might like the old cartoon from the 90s called "Cro", about a thawed out mastodon telling stories about the first cro magnon kid, who he grew up with. Every episode explains some basic science thing and there are occasional in jokes for professional scientists. It was funded in part by the NSF and I think all the episodes are on youtube now.
@@LettersAndNumbers300 weird thing to say
@@LauraLovesHugs right. .
@@LettersAndNumbers300 who hurt you?
When I saw the mythbusters episode on Archimedes. I can’t remember who said it, it was either someone on the show or my brother who I was watching it with. He said they probably used the mirrors to blind the guys on the boat. So they couldn’t shoot arrows or steer the boat. Someone knocked something over, ship burned and they said it was the mirrors. It reminds me of the story with the hairdryer.
Alas no more Mythbusters on TV, but now we have Angela Collier(et al) on You Tube :)
Also want a How it's Made on concrete
I feel like Nebula probably has some of the sort of "spiritual successors" to Mythbusters that Angela is after. NileRed? Real Engineering?
The closest is probably that baking show on Netflix where engineers and bakers team up to build giant cakes.
also Steve Mould! i get similar vibes from him
Every time I listen to your videos I laugh. You're sense of humor is awesome.
Angela is the only person I've encountered who loves engineers, including the many engineers I work with
I love engineers. I drink with them fairly often. It probably helps that I don't work with them. Almost every profession has systematic flaws.
Angela loves the engineers you work with? 🤔
I'm an engineer and i love myself!
Can't say that about the others tho.
There's an engineering topic called fluidized beds, which are used in various applications, related to the Brazil nut problem.
Lame things rise to the top: the reverse Brazil Nut effect of conversation topics.
DO NOT google what brazil nuts used to be called in the US
DO NOT GOOGLE what brazil nuts used to called in the US 💀
Door wedges aren't lame. Most of the action films I watch, where the protagonists are running away from a mortal threat, could be easily resolved with a pocket full of really cheap door wedges. Next time you are watching a film imagine them having a dozen wedges and how they could easily overcome the situation. It's fun. (Doesn't work so well in woods or deserts though)
Same for video games and foldable ladders.
Angela Collier, purveyor of fine talk tubes. And at reasonable prices!
I loved the part about vacuum systems! I work with a vacuum system for fundamental physics experiments and can talk a little about it.
One thing that is really helpful that simultaneously improves the vacuum while also slowing the outgassing rate is to use a cryo system to make the walls of your system really cold. There's an effect (I don't remember the name of the effect) where gases tend to stick to cold things, which means a) some of the atmosphere in the chamber will just stick to the walls and b) the gases in the material getting ready to outgas will also stick to the walls
You say that using a getter is "not what you want to do in a high-precision atomic physics experiment," but that's not totally true. My lab isn't currently using getters, but we've talked about it before (not barium getters, I think we were more interested in charcoal getters) to improve our vacuum. I know a lab next door uses getters to improve their vacuum as well. You might not want to use them in some contexts, like at an accelerator facility or something, but they're a viable option in my realm of atomic/molecular optical physics.
sometimes the getter is used periodically and in a pump off to the side, like sublimation pumps where you periodically refresh a surface by closing off the pump and heating a filament to evaporate some new material, then open it back up to getter the stuff in the chamber. And cryopumps & charcoal/zeolite sorption pumps are essentially getter pumps that use physisorption rather than chemisorption
Litterally the opposite of tiktok, long form videos on science and I think you are so hilarious. I am with you on the absence of mythbusters. I'm a physics teacher and still use some of their clips to highlight a principle for the lab we are about to investigate. I miss them all the time. I think a lot of the new generation moved onto to youtube, guys like SmarterEveryday, Vertasium and Mark Rober, but the engineering side are propped up by makers like Xyla Foxlin and StuffMadeHere and even Adam Savage is still in that space and are always a delight to watch and explore.
Also good to watch, but alas not really science is the SloMoGuys unless you want to try to categorize it as experimental kinematic observations without calculations.
You've mentioned that it's hard to get a straight answer from an engineer, and the examples were great. While you said 'how often should I clean this?' I was going to ask 'What do you clean it with?' Mostly in the same way as you were recommending us not to hold radioactive material in our hands.
How did you convey to the boy who thought it was heat that he was wrong but what he said was brilliant? He made an observation and tried to make a deduction. Natural scientist right there. He just happened to be wrong. I hope he wasn't disappointed.
🤞 that little boy is now a full-grown Angela Collier subscriber and will come into these comments and answer this himself.
He already knew he was smart, probably. When you're asking interesting questions, and everybody else is just... sitting there, it's pretty obvious.
Edit: Then of course the most silent person in the whole school turns out to be valedictorian 🙃. Fucking Melissa God dammit
@@Rubicola174 Not sure how those are related. All the smartest computer scientists are gay furry sex weirdos. Which is great.
I work in a lab that tests vacuum equipment or a manufacturer of said equipment, so I was not expecting to learn anything new in the vacuum/outgassing chapter (in fact I was listening for errors 🙂), but I had never considered that space craft have the outgassing problem from the other side! Great video!
Lame physics things vs new, possibly untrue theory: Lame physics things is eminently more practical.
BOOOOOOO. Give me quackery or give me death. I want my earth flatter than a pancake
@@jennyc3919 lmaoooo... pancake earth theory wasn't enough, the people want crepe theory or waffle theory. Btw, did you know that the earth is a waffle because it has to hold a whole bunch of water on the surface. In fact, going back roughly 5000 years it was indeed all maple syrup if we speculate about all the petrified trees.
@@V3RTIGO222 scrambled earth theory is being repressed by big breakfast. #trechtonicplatesarecrispybacon
@@jennyc3919 YOU, MY GOOD LADY, EAT LACKLUSTER PANCAKES 😤
vs. new, possibly untrue HYPOTHESIS. It hasn't reached the level of theory.
The talk on outgassing was really cool. It reminds me of a problem we've had at work: polymer O-rings, when pressurized, allow some gas to permeate the material. During rapid decompression, those gasses escape violently and can cause the O-ring to rupture. This is often a critical failure mode in valves.
These are all super cool and not lame at all. People who think they are lame, are boring. Science is freaking amazing.
I just taught my 4 year old about levers the other day. When I drew it on the whiteboard, he correctly deduced how the location of the fulcrum would change the ease of lifting. Then we did a demonstration with a 2x6 and a kettlebell, and he was super proud of the fact he could lift the kettlebell when the lever side was longer than the weight side. So fun! Not lame at all!
15:38 For decades, the role of water in contact electrification has been a heatedly disputed topic. In some cases water improves charging, in some cases inhibits. Some researchers insist that water is necessary for tribocharging to happen. It's a nightmare. I had reviewers tell me that my paper about contact electrification should be rejected because it was not about the role of water, and they believed that anything unrelated to water is not worth researching in tribocharging.
check out the advances on the plasmoid unification model. water is critical for the test device.
Martin Fleischmann Memorial Project has been showing rather interesting test results under electron microscope.
Thank you for explaining “lame physics things”, because this video genuinely helped me learn instead of just making me desperately confused!
Hey, I just wanted to let you know that your videos really helped me in preparing for the physics exam that I finally passed on my 9th retake! I was so stressed about failing a year and getting all these new concepts to me, but your videos reminded me of my love for physics and helped me push through anxiety and worry to passing my first physics exam. With love and curiosity everything is easier.
10 lame physics thigs... then proceeds to show how the blocks of rock got cut to build the pyramids.
ALIENS!?!?! Quantum portals?!?!?!
16:25 "would you have almonds and pecans in the same mix?"
>shows a picture of mixed nuts with almonds and pecans lol
Talk tubes used to be a big part of steam ships. They got much bigger, when they didn't have to depend on the wind, so the captain couldn't just holler at the people working the sails. So bridges had talk tubes to different parts of the ship. Then, in the 23rd century, the Federation developed communicators, so of course within the Enterprise they didn't use their handheld communications, Scotty had to go to a red electronic talk tube on that wall over there to talk to the captain.
adding "What I Talk About When I Talk About Gravity" to my wishlist
I love how she said "societal" collapse and "that's kinda fun" in the same sentence
Just wondering how to make your own parabolic mirror and get it to focus accurately
8:07 : While everything Angela said about microwave ovens is true, the microwaves don't actually HAVE to be at a specific frequency to excite water molecules. They can be at ANY of a broad range of frequencies, as long as most of the generated microwaves are at (any) one frequency. Water molecules are excited by microwave radiation across a broad range of frequencies, because they are POLAR MOLECULES. The oscillating E-M waves cause polar molecules to flip back-and-forth rapidly, which quickly turns into thermal motion. In other words, they are not "tuned to the resonany frequency of water" or any such bologna.
But it only works if the water molecules are in the LIQUID or gaseous phase. Frozen water ice does NOT benefit from being made of polar molecules, because the molecules in a solid can't just flip back and forth. They still benefit from absorbing some of the incident radiation, but the effect is much slower. This is why defrosting takes so much longer in a microwave oven.
I deactivated adblock and engaged in the subseuqent 5 minute battle between F5-spam and berocca commercials for this. Worth it.
Why would you turn off adblock?
Algorithmic and monetary reimbursement.
@@bryanez1003 Chip in $1 to her Patreon once, and that's worth more than all the ads you could ever watch on a given channel. Faster and easier as well.
@@bryanez1003 If you can afford it (and the base tier is like $3 a month), subbing to her patreon is several orders of magnitude more effective
Re: the comment about engineers
During my first internship, one of my projects was this bypass pipe that happened to stick out right at about waist height. I was giving my final presentation, talking about what loads I sized it for and all that when somebody asked if I had stood on it. I of course was like "no please don't do that" when suddenly my mentor, in the back of the room, says "oh yeah, I went and jumped on it right after it got welded on to make sure you did your math right"
YOOOOOO SHE TALKED ABOUT GETTERS I ALSO SPENT A BUNCH OF TIME ON THAT INTERNSHIP GETTING GETTER
I think the reason people want to hear you talk about new physics stuff is twofold:
1. People love negativity and laughing at fools, and they believe they have pointed you to a fool, or
2. They know that they’re not experts, and they know that you are an expert, and they think this thing MIGHT be true, but before they accept a new belief, they want to confirm this new belief.
Because she's a skilled teacher.
Never underestimate a trolls burning lust to manufacture imaginary ammunition against verifiable reality, out of their own wilful ignorance and baseless arrogance.
"The trouble with the world is that the stupid are cocksure and the intelligent are full of doubt.”
- Bertrand Russell
People love to feel smart by nodding when someone who knows something explains that another person is a fool, even when they don't understand the explanation and can't be sure that the person explaining is an expert.
People also love to feel smart by "chipping in" into a conversation with a piece of novel information they don't fully understand or don't understand at all.
The idea of "people love negativity" is BS because it's an oversimplification, a cliche, and a factoid. It's like saying "People love salt" - we like it when there's some salt in our food, but not eating salt itself.
After some consideration, I find you are one of the best science communicators out there. Better than Neil, he comes off as preachy, you lay things out and gently show their significance and also the big picture somehow. Sagan would be proud.
For the van Der Graaf demo in my high school class, the teacher had us all get in a line across the room and hold hands. I was in the middle. She told the student on one end to put his hand on the ball, and all our hair stood up. Then she told the student on the other end to grab the faucet of the lab sink.
I was apparently the only one who knew about electricity, and said "Don't do that, you'll ground us⚡RRK⚡!"
I've never personally tested it, but supposedly if a line of rural children join hands, and one touches an electrified livestock fence, the only one that feels a shock is the one on the far end. Maybe your teacher just hated the student near the faucet. On May 25, 1986 there was a fundraiser called Hands Across America. The Saturday Night Live, Weekend Update joke was that after they all joined hands, the guy on the coast touched a live wire.
@@EinsteinsHair This is essentially true. It sucks a lot more though because those fences have to be carrying enough current and voltage to get through the resistance of cowhide to scare them with a shock. I grounded a livestock fence once like a moron in high school on a dare and my fuckin heart had to have stopped for a minute, felt like taking a hammer directly to the chest.
edit: hammer not ham though a heavy ham slamming into your chest would still hurt.
@@EinsteinsHair SNL; The old ones were great...shame I did not realize that when I was 16-18 20; Murray Chase Murphy! Martin, Belush, Ackroids...Omgolly... speaking of high school - when I saw her hair I thought, "..did she start this in High school? Nope... washed her hair with the 80s, dry look..
@@EinsteinsHair When I was in high school we had a horse named surprise, because she was a surprise gift for my sisters. Surprise didn't like to be ridden but I was riding her one day and I just pulled my leg away when she tried to bite me. So she went over to the electric fence to touch my leg to it to get me off her. I shouted "No, don't do it!" but she did anyway and surprise, she learned that humans conduct electricity. I didn't feel like riding anymore after that though so I guess it worked. But she never tried to use the fence to get a rider off again.
Angela being excited to share science things is my favourite type of youtube video
90% of children's media gets pulleys wrong. Everything from Sesame Street to Sci Show Kids to Sid the Science Kid shows one pulley attached up high and one rope going over the top and suddenly things are lighter. NO THEY AREN'! That is just changing the direction of the force, not increasing it. Super Grover cannot life a piano that way, even if he had super strength (which he doesn't) because he weighs less than the piano.
It isn't that hard to explain it to a kid. Have your character up in a tree house. In one scenario, they tie a rope to a bucket and try to lift it and it's too heave. In the other scenario, they tie the rope up in the tree house and loop it through the bucket handle, then lift the other end and it feels like half the weight, but you have to pull twice as far. And you can see that there are 2 ropes pulling on the bucket with you pulling on one and the other essentially being pulled by the tree house. But the tree house is just holding its end, so you have to pull far enough for both.
Don't need multiple pulleys to complex ratios. 1 pulley is enough with an easy ratio of 1:2. But you have to actually set it up correctly. I had expected better from the quality shows I let my kids watch. When I saw the third one get it wrong, I got frustrated and demonstrated it for my kids myself in real life. They learned more about how even good sources are wrong sometimes than anything else.
Snatch blocks! th-cam.com/video/M2w3NZzPwOM/w-d-xo.htmlsi=MZYiM264pKgQB10q
I suspect a lot of people hate math and science and even distrust science simply because of bad teaching and examples like these. If you do that and then slap them down when they question the obvious flaws for “defying authority,” you build a society that thinks intellectuals are full of it. Hard to blame them at that point, a little bit.
@@kevincrotty826 Snatch blocks indeed, but that is not the same target audience as Sesame Street.
Lol, I paused as soon as you mentioned satisfying feather and wedge videos to find one. I watched one, came back, and then you showed a clip from the video I found.
I've never encountered a playground talk tube with my kids that actually worked. I think here in Massachusetts they may crack in the winter when the ground freezes and then get filled with dirt.
Or the kids fill them up.
@@maxpeterson8616 The design makes it very hard to get anything in there from the intended opening.
1) That diagram of gravity relative to the centre of the earth is the clearest explanation of tides I’ve seen. 2) Love the title Angela. Now I’m just thinking about Raymond Carver.
When you said "where can I watch science shows now that Mythbusters is gone?" I thought you were gonna transition into an ad for curiositystream
The past history will not define its decay. Me at the roulette wheel " it has not hit black in ten previous spins. It is due"
An amusing fact: the interstellar medium contains ethanol. The Milky Way's ethanol is concentrated in its bar.
Do you want to go to the Milky Way bar and grab a drink? 😉
Is that where Milliways is located?
Wait, milky way bars are alcoholic? My kids eat those!
I would think that a galaxy would have a malako bar (milk bar - Clockwork Orange reference).
The Milky Wine
I think this is the first video from your channel that I saw, and I have since binged the entire channel. This is one of my favorite videos and would love to see a sequel.
20:46 I just have to pedantically jump in there. The work required must of course stay the same, the required force is reduced. You make a big movement and need little force whilst the wood is being pushed outward only a small amount with higher force. In that sense it's just a leverage effect. Of course, you are already putting work into the axe while lifting it upwards and then you are adding some on to during the swing. (Of course, the force stays the same only in first approximation, if we ignore fracture mechanics of different axe geometries and velocities.)
My 3rd-floor apartment in Lynn Mass had a talk-tube "intercom" that went to the front door. It worked great.
Sounds like it would be a great way to transport liquids from the 3rd floor to the front door.......so many opportunities.
Imo it's more fun to hear about settled science instead of whacky out-there ideas that aren't really tested yet.
CERN has an accelerator school with great notes freely available about the outgassing calculations. I have used it myself extensively. In atomic physics we routinely use getters to maintain vacuum since they have such good pumping speeds.
Back in the day I was a Xerox man. When we changed developer, we shook the new package to build up the triibo effect, which was required to make the xerographic process work. Each developer particle was charged and held several particles of toner. If the developer failed, the copy looked awful.
What a fantastic, Down to Earth approach in your episode!
"The big nuts go to the top..." ... Did not expect this video to get political!
Ah if you do a concrete manufacturing video, it'd be interesting to hear your thoughts on the techniques involving large limestone chunks for concrete. It's not that engineers don't want to answer the question because it's their jam, but it's that they require more data to give an accurate educated guess. First video I watched of yours, love the sudden ending.
Spending my Saturday watching a video about lame physics things sounds perfect.
Angela, you and all of the other science creators on TH-cam are the replacement for Mythbusters, at least for me. A solid 'any night' for me is watching the latest vids from your channel, or Dr. Becky's channel, or Cool Worlds, or PBS Space Time, etc. Thanks for carrying the torch.
My uncle tangentially works in bar formation, he goes around and collects the steel scrap they use to make rebar and sells it so he can buy liquor. You guys would probably have a lot to talk about if he were real.
I bet he'd have a lot of insight around the quartz countertops too!
This is just brilliant. What a great science communicator you are! I love the story about the Vandergraff generator. 😂😂😂
Wtf no way I'm literally doing experiments on granular convection right now. Perfect timing Angela
I'm submitting my PhD thesis on the slow and fast light effects on Thursday, and I was so excited for the possibility of a Collier chapter quote.
Adam Savage does “Tested,” a TH-cam show in his shop concerning his projects, but it’s really for us old Mythbusters fans to get our Adam Savage fix.
Yes, _please_ talk about concrete. It's so important and I know next to nothing about it.
It's one of the largest man made producers of CO2, and it has rocks of different sizes that helps stop fracture propagation, and.... That's about all I know.
And we are running out of sand… RadioLab doesn’t great podcast on the issues.
A guy I know did a PhD in Concrete. It’s fascinating.
It seems like science and engineering shows only exist on TH-cam or Nebula.
Which is great because there are a lot of talented people and interesting topics out there.
When you talked about the Jupiter thing for the speed of light I was like "Oh I wonder if shes talking about that old physics book (I have the same ooone) I was so surprised when you brought up the excerpt and I realized it was. I'm not a physicist or anything but nature's the coolest thing so I bought this book to read when bored or whatever.
Quick electrical engineering story:
The manufacturer of a variable frequency drive (VFD) required limits to the number of conductors to be placed in one conduit. Induced voltages could reach the thousands. I quoted this specification (page & paragraph) on every drawing for installation. My superior (a Mechanical Engineer) told me that was not my place; take it off. I didn’t. Of course, the field electrician ‘knew better’ and ignored the specification. As soon as I arrived on site for startup I checked and put everyone on notice that this was ignored. When the motors started burning up from coronal discharge it was my company’s (i.e. my) fault. After a long investigation and a conference call involving at least five different companies the customer suddenly understood, stopped the meeting and said they would get back to us. Hang up; the above mentioned superior looked at me and honestly said good job!
As you were presenting the concept of the talk tube on the play ground, I got an epiphany.
A dozen tubes (or more) around the play ground going to a central point.
That central point has an internal rotating mechanism.
The catch is it doesn't have the same number of hollow connections (and cross over in non-distinct directions.)
So, when turned (from a wheel above) it can change the location of receiving sound waves.
Some can skip over too 2 tubes while others skip too 3 tubes.
If elaborate enough, you can even have one come directly back too the initiator.
When I learned that Peppa's Daddy Pig was a concrete specialist (the family rode a train to a non specific central EU country where all Daddy Pig had to do was test a concrete block or something then they holidayed for a while) I was like, I knew Daddy Pig was awesome!
Fantastic video. It's not just your words, it's how you say them and how you express your personality while you're talking.
When you got to outgassing, I started composing a Comment about Getters in electronic vacuum tubes. Which are a lot more obscure in the tech world now than when I was in High School Electronics class 50 odd years ago. I was so tickled that the hyper intelligent tech nerds putting it all together in the 20s and 30s (You, Me Everyone here is a Nerd and hopefully proud of it) thought up the word 'Getter' and went with it and now it's a nerd monument for all time. Until the fall of technology I guess.
I have a vivid memory of having the little blob of Getter inside the vacuum tube pointed out to me. Nerdvanna!
Thank You Angela, you do good work, better get cracking on your gravity book. 5 years flies by faster than you can imagine.
Oh dear, "writing long s as an f". Wow, get out the calendar and mark the day, I actually get to correct Angela.
If you look closely, you'll see that the cross line (burr) on the long s is only on the left side of the vertical shaft whereas the cross line on the f crosses the vertical shaft fully and extends on both sides. Long s and f are two very distinct letters.
Back in the day there were very strict typographical rules about when a long s and a round s were used.
Fun fact: you can still see a remnant of the long s today. The German letter "ß" is actually a ligature of long s and round s. This can be seen well in some fonts (e.g. Palatino) whereas other fonts (like Times) use a beta instead of a real "sz".
For the nitpickers: there is actually a difference between "ss" and "sz", but the present day "ß" is typographically an "ss" although it's called "sz".
I've just discovered your channel, and it's amazingly perceptive, and seems to chime with the things I'm really interested in. Like Brazil nut hydro-dynamics (I observe this every day). And ancient physics.
Bars might seem a bit lame. But actually, learning that most galaxies are barred totally sparked my renewed interest in the universe when I came back to Scotland. Coupled with galactic super-massive black holes. I'm totally obsessed with galaxies and their cosmological role.
Please keep the passion for physics going!
Hello Angela Civil Engineer here and I do own the book To Engineer Is Human. If you're interested in how engineers design you may want to look into Load and Resistance Factor Design, LRFD for short. Also concrete can be very complex a subject to tackle. I wish you luck on that video.
im obsessed with your shirt pattern daisies and fruit are like 2 of my favorite things
You still could give the video a clickbait title, like "Physicist thinks about a talk tube. Then this happens..." 😂
PS. I will buy your book when you publish it!
I love these scathing critiques on our sci-fi riddled little minds.
So nice to get educated with actual theories, and add some humor to it as well.
Thank you Angela, I'm having a good time over here!
Keep up the good work!
Today I learned that the place Angela grew up pronounces 'pecan' the same way they do where I grew up.
Search for pecan pronunciation map. They exist.
TH-cam is the only science show replacement if you find good creators like you. Every thing else is dumbed down, or the same topics done the same way every time.