American Reacts to How England Was Formed
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 6 พ.ย. 2023
- This is how England started. Unfortunately, there were no dragons.
Original Video: • How was England formed?
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I’ll try to simplify this for you: groups of Germanic tribes started to occupy parts of the British Isles from the mid 5th Century AD, partly by invitation partly by force. These groups were from the modern North West Europe: Northern Netherlands, Friesland in North West Germany and Denmark. Called the Angles, Saxons and Jutes they are known collectively as the Anglo-Saxons and intially they worshipped the Germanic gods Woden (Odin), Thunor (Thor) etc, but by the 9th Century they had converted to Christianity.
Viking basically is an Old Norse word for Raider or Pirate, and this causes confusion now because we talk of Vikings like they were a tribe or race. Initially the Vikings came from the Scandinavian countries of Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Groups of Scandinavians who went Viking settled in Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Orkney Islands, Ireland, parts of Scotland and England. Norwegian Vikings tended to head to Scotland and Ireland, Danish to England. Once the Vikings started settling in England and to actually set up their own systems of government, rather than just raiding, they were generally called “Danes” because that’s where they came from, and they weren’t Vikings anymore, they were invaders.
Finally, York was an important Roman City, one of a group of Frontier cities. Called Eboracum by the Romans, Eorfwic by the Anglo-Saxons and it became the capital of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria, and then Jorvik by the Danes (Vikings). The name has been simplified by time from its Norse name of “Jorvik” to York”.
In addition to invading the land that eventually became the British Isles, those same Viking invaders kept sailing ships along the coast and once they reached the Channel and could see that justice a few miles south was a lush area of coastal territory that was not heavily populated, with many landing places. The land they invaded eventually became renamed for the invaders known locally as the men from the far North, or less formally the North men , after the passage of time the name became the Norsemen and the land they occupied was known as Normandy. The tribal name changed yet again to the simpler name of Normans. Some of the minor British nobles who were travelling by the fastest methods they had by sailing along the coast were driven off course by a sudden storm and landed in Normandy, where they were captured and held for ransom by the local Duke William and while they held they became friends and the most senior of the nobles agreed with William that he would propose him to receive land in Britain once he returned home. This noble was called Harold and he was given his freedom and on his return he found that due to others passing away he was elevated to the throne and became king. Harold then went back on his word to William and gave the property that William was promised to another noble who had promised to support him. When William heard this he swore to get even and started to raise an army to attack Harold, the Norman invasion. At the same time some of the Vikings heard that Harold was struggling to consolidate his power and decided to invade in the north of England, thinking that Harold would not be able to drive them out. Stuck in a hard place he declared that the Vikings were the most pressing problem and led his troops north to Yorkshire to fight the Vikings who were heading south. Harold and his army defeated the Vikings and then heard that the Normans had already landed on the coast near Hastings so leaving a rearguard to drive the remaining Vikings back to the sea, he forced the bulk of his army to march south to fight the Normans. Unfortunately the forced march caused many of his troops to leave the march due to fatigue and when they arrived the Normans had picked the field of battle to their own advantage and were already rested an prepared to fight whereas the British were tired and were forced to fight on terrain that was not ideal for them, with weapons that had not been re sharpened and found themselves fighting cavalry without any strategy to cope with their foe. The battle was engaged and after advances and retreats on both sides Harold was defeated, his forces were driven off and William was declared to be the Conquerer.
And raiding started even before the romans left in 410 resulting in coastal forts being built by romans along what became known as the Saxon shore. Basically hit and run raids that romans couldn't rally forces and react to fast enough.
This is a much better description of the history, far more accurate too
Aethelflaed was brushed over far too quickly in this video, her military and civil achievements were considerable.
I agree!
@@JJLAReacts Then we have the 3 way battle in 1066:)
Indeed. I had the pleasure last year of visiting Bridgnorth in the Shropshire borders, where Aethelflaed among her many other accomplishments established a fortification against the Danes - in the very early 900's. Fascinating town.
I wish it had also covered the viking invasion of 1066 preceding the Norman invasion
Yeah i seem to remember reading of her efforts.
Before we started an empire we spent a lot of time being invaded 😂
Demonstrating the old adage that you learn from your mistakes:)
And being enslaved.
@msmissy6888 - should the British start demanding reparations...? 😁
The best way to stop being invaded is to be stronger than others
Love that you look things up that you don't understand.
Fun Fact: Essex means (East Saxon) Sussex means (South Saxon) and former Wessex means (West Saxon)
Middlesex,as it was?
@@Isleofskye Middlesex is in the middle of them
And there was no 'Nossex'. A small kingdom on the north side of the "-sexes" called Hwicce might have originally been Saxon, and might have become 'Nossex', but instead it was absorbed into Mercia (which was Anglian, which itself might have become "West Anglia" or "Wesfolk", but didn't).
Wessex might not be a named county or region on the maps, but it's still a live concept, and there are many companies and other organisations that use the name. It may return if English regional governments are introduced, for which the old 'Heptarchy' of seven kingdoms might prove a useful initial framework.
And Cornwall means horn foreigner, because the invading Saxons were idiots and didn’t realise we are native and they are the foreigners
In school there was a “gap” in history. The Romans invaded then it was 1066 but we were never taught how England was formed just how GB & UK were . Thanks for this 😊
Did you not do the Vikings? because we did. Vikings were between the Romans and Norman Conquest
Just a brief lesson Viking’s bad people but related to William the Conqueror ... @@rhiwright
What he is saying is that we didn't do the English. Kind of a problem if England is the name of the country you live in. @@rhiwright
We did the full roll in primary school superficially but after that there seemed to be a strong drive to teach history of other countries. I strongly suspect other countries don't do that.
@@rhiwright between the saxons and normans
I’m from the UK and all this history still blows my mind.. 🤯 Thank you for taking interest in our history especially when quite a lot of Brits aren’t interested 🫶
Then we have the 3 way battle in 1066:)
The beauty of the Viking longships was that, not only were they immensely sea-worthy (Norway-Britain- Iceland-Greenland- Newfoundland), but they also had such a shallow draught that they could land on a beach, and sail up rivers to go far inland - Severn-Trent in England, Seine up to Paris in France, rivers in Eastern Europe down to Constantinople, founding Novgorod in Rus. The Franks got so tired of Paris being raided and robbed that they bought them off by giving them a province in Northern [France] - Normandy (the land of the Norsemen). The rest is history.
Hi. What the video doesn’t make clear is that Edward the Elder was Alfred the Great’s eldest son but that Athelfled, Lady of the Mercians, was his eldest child. She was married to the Lord of the Mercians and in 886, Alfred the Great captured London from the Vikings and resettled it within the old Roman walls (all 350 odd acres) and made his son-in-law governor of the city. Upon the death of Athelfled’s husband’s the Mercians supported her to be their ruler (under her father / her younger brother’s overlordship as King of Wessex). When she died her only child, her daughter, became Lady of the Mercians, but her uncle saw an opportunity to expand his Kingdom to include Mercia without having a Lord / Lady having the loyalty of some of the people and his niece was most likely put in a monestary and forced to take the veil so she could have no further claim. William the Conqueror’s wife was a direct descendant of a younger daughter of Alfred the Great, so the 2 bloodlines of Wessex and Normandy flow in King Charles III’s veins.
If you like Game of Thrones and real history, the Red Wedding is directly inspired by an event from Scottish history called the "Black Dinner". And the warring between Starks and Lannisters is directly inspired by the English "War of the Roses".
The video doesn't show but the Viking also landed and occupied the northwestern isles of scotland (the hebrides) and places like Dublin in Ireland. The Vikings had footholds across the islands, a prime example of the vikings the Scottish faced are the vikings of Sudreyar and Nordreyar (Kingdoms of the South and North Isles) - true viking ship raiders. There are still remains of Viking buildings in these islands (same islands also have ancient monuments from >5000 years ago (Callanish) (and Skara Brae).
Also some points, in the video it mentions that the "picts" and "scots" attacked england after the romans left. You didn't pick up on it but the "Scots" had an arrow coming from Ireland, not Scotland. That's because the "scots" migrated from Ireland at some point and essentially mingled with the natives (like with the picts in the northeast) and eventually formed modern Scots. The name Scotland is thought to possibly come from the term "Scotti" used by romans for some tribes in ireland who then migrated to scotland. "Alba" (said like Alaba) is another term for Scotland. It's the name for the country before Scotland, like how the term "Caledonia" is the name for Scotland by the Romans. Alba and Caledonia are still used today to stir up a sense of Scottish nationalism (eg. "Alba" is a scottish political party that advocates for independence from the UK, and "Caledonia" is a song best sung by Dougie McLean that is a famous romantic song about a love of Scotland). The name for the land changed over the years as different people groups occupied it, like with England.
The time scale can be confusing. Groups like the Jutes came from Denmark, where they were natives, to England where they were foreign, As they settled in England, over the generations, they became more native and their ways and culture differentiates from their original homeland in Denmark. By 300 or so years later as the vikings begin to come, the Jutes in England now see the Danes more like foreign invaders despite the fact they both originated from roughly the same areas. The passage of time is the key to all of this. Different peoples come and go and leave their mark on England, hundreds of years later we are unfortunately left with the modern Englishperson.
Angles and Saxons and Jutes were tribes from germany/denmark area. WHen you see the map of the Kingdoms, you see "sussex, wessex, essex etc" these mean "south saxons", "west saxons", "east saxons" etc. "East Anglia" means "east Angles." Jutes essentially merged with the saxons in the south east around Kent area and their name died out compared to Angles and Saxons. We still use the term "Anglo-Saxon" today to refer to English people, even in America. This obviously comes from Angles and Saxons. Similarly, Angle is how we get Angleland --> England.
Which the French still use as Angleterre (I think how that's spelt, feel free to correct me) and this was an exellent sumary, thank you.
0:48 Before the coming of the Romans, the native tribes of Britain spoke a language called Brythonic .The invading Romans spoke Latin - these languages fused - the eventual linguistic result was the Welsh language.🏴👍🙂
And Cornish! Kernow bys vyken 🤩
York was not the capital. Before London it was Winchester. During Roman times the capital was Colchester. That wasn’t of England, but of Britannia.
York was the Viking capital.
Hmm, I must have stumbled upon some bad info. Thanks for clarifying! 🙏
@@JJLAReacts York was essentially the capital of the Danelaw in Viking England, and was somewhat analogous to Constantinople; in that it had strong defensible walls that allowed York to holdout against surrounding Anglo-Saxon kingdoms for longer.
York was the capital of the Anglo Saxon Kingdom of Northumbria, and was a very important Roman city, the military headquarters for the north of the province of Britannia, and was the city where Constantine was declared Emporer.
@@JJLAReacts the original name for the island of Britain was. Albion, the. Romans. Showed up and called our island Britannia aka Britain. ,
That's why the mythical figure of Britannia she has a trident in her hand. And a Roman helmet on her head,
So us British were actually named by the Romans
The series The Last Kingdom is a really good representation of these turbulent times. Maybe not 100% accurate, but a very good series i've watched three times. Highly recommended.
Better still, read the book series by Bernard Cornwell, which includes lots of detail not possible in a TV series. It is fiction, but with a strong historical foundation.
@@phillipescott9764A fun read, but plays on a number of very tired stereotypes: the British are brutish and stupid, the Vikings are fierce, the clergy are all power hungry and corrupt, the English are dull but stalwart. Uhtred is surrounded by incompetence everywhere, and for nine (?) whole novels. It gets boring pretty quickly.
It engages in some tired stereotypes about the Britons tho
It is an absolutely fascinating period in the island's history. Visiting Winchester, Alfred's capital of Wessex, was so instructive. It even includes the mortuary chests (containing the bones) of Alfred the Great, King Canute (Danish 'Cnut') and King Egbert.
Not Alfred, whose bones (with his wife's) were moved to Hyde Abbey when the Normans demolished the 'New Minster' that Alfred had commissioned before his death.
Hyde Abbey was itself demolished after Henry VIII's Dissolution of the Monasteries. The site of Alfred's family tomb remained buried, but the whole area was re-used for a new town gaol in the 18th century, and the foundation diggers (convicts) looted the tomb and scattered the bones. Seventy years later the gaol was demolished, and some bones thought to be of Alfred and his wife were found, gathered and secretly buried in an unmarked grave at the nearby church of St Bartholomew, but recent exhumation and analysis showed that these were 14th century.
A single piece of pelvis from a 1999 excavation near the site of the Abbey's high altar has now been carbon-dated to Alfred's period, and might be his or his son's, but cannot be identified.
Game of Thrones is pretty much just British history with dragons
I enjoyed that and do enjoy you referencing things instead of taking wild guesses.
Then we have the 3-way battle in 1066:) Well worth watching:)
Scotland in Scottish is ‘Alba’ Ireland in Irish is ‘Eire’ Wales in Welsh is ‘Cymru’
Cornwall in Cornish is ‘Kernow’
Welsh being derived from an Anglo-Saxon word 'wealas',roughly meaning foreigner.
Actually the Angles and Jutes did indeed come from the territory now known as Denmark.
Yes, but they where not danes... Danes are from Zealand and southen Sweden. Danes kicked out the jutes, angles and the saxons from Jutland, and then todays Denmark where born. (except southen Sweden, because we lost it in a War with Sweden 400 years ago)
@@JesperSandgreen Yeah i did say "from the territory now known as Denmark." to be on the safe side 👍
Actually i didn't know the Danes were from Zealand and Southern Sweden and kicked them out so that's interesting, and i did wonder if the Danes were decendants of the Angles or not so thanks for answering that question.
I don't think the English know much about the peoples who made such a large impact on their genepool, language and culture. We are taught something of the 'Anglo-Saxons' and Danes in Britain but not so much about the Danes, Saxons, Angles, Norse, Swedes ect themselves as individual peoples or their wars with eachother. I listened to a woman from the Shetland Islands speaking ... she was poet laureat actually and spoke beautifully, but their shetland dialect (of English) was so diverse with English, Scots, Gaelic, and Icelandic and Scandinavian words it was amazing to see how in the Shetland Islands their language brings together the most part of North West Europe. That was channel called wikitongues actually, i recommend it.
It’s also worth looking into the westward expansion of Wessex prior to the main events of this video. The Cornish (at the time spread across what we now call Cornwall and Devon) were (and to an extent still are in the case of Cornwall) a distinct Celtic group, not English in the way the rest of the kingdom was. Cornish was spoken as a first language for nearly a millenium after this, only being fully replaced by English in the 1800s, though it’s still used in some contexts and had a drastic impact on place names and cultural identity.
It’s really shameful how we’re just ignored in so many of these history videos. We were likely the first Britons saw by Pytheas saw. There’s still no solid evidence to show we were ever annexed by wessex. We allied with the vikings to fight the saxon invaders. So much history and it’s like we don’t even exist. Shameful
There's an amazing show called The Last Kingdom. Although it is fiction it does a great job of using real historic events & characters that really did exist. It is set in the era of Viking raids and the dream one man has of uniting all the kingdoms into one kingdom with one King. This man is of course Alfred the Great who incidentally is the only English king to ever earn the moniker 'The Great' for obvious reasons.
If you enjoy movies like Brave heart or the TV series 'Vikings' you should love Last Kingdom and as an added bonus you will become familiar with all these weird names and understand who they were and what they stood for. It's also just brilliant entertainment.
Explore the next chapter - 1066 the vikings came back as Norman invaders from northern France and took over the whole of Anglo saxon England. It gets violent again! The Norman invasion is one of the historical (debated!) origins of the english class system.
You really should watch The Last Kingdom. It’s a work of fiction very closely based on fact.
Or read the original books by Bernard Cornwall which are much better.
@@speleokeirYeah, but it's just Sharpe with swords instead of rifles.
Until it comes to depicting the native Kernewek. Just another example of us being made out to be dumbfuck country bumpkins
a Common language at that time was Old Norse which was the basis of modern N W European languages
If you want to know more about this time The Last Kingdom is a great drama to watch. Not 100% accurate but gets the most important stuff right
If you ever come back over here id recommended a visit to york. Its a beautiful place. Still has a lot of the old castle around it and the jorvik viking centre gives you a sense if what it was like then. Also last time i was there they were doing an excavation somewhere. Itd got a lot of history.
Please can you do a video on Wales.
Love binge watching your videos ❤
Pre-Roman Britain was even more interesting.
I love your enthusiasm for all things British and your voice is so gentle to hear. You do have much to learn about our culture and history. I hope you really take to heart all you have learned and from the comments from the British People in correcting things on the videos you see. You are so lovely. X
Stuff we take for granted like this, well interesting to see your face and reactions. Good for you
"They probably spoke latin before English" oh you precious little bean 🤭
Seeing you express an interest in learning more about the pre-Roman history of Britain, I have to recommend a fantastic channel called "Cambrian Chronicles" that has done two whole videos on this!
It's very difficult to know what the island of Great Britain was like before the Romans showed up, but the creator of these videos combines archeological evidence and the writings of Julius Caesar and Roman scholars to piece together a pretty plausible map of how the island was divided up between many different tribes prior to the Romans' arrival. He also provides some context on the possible origins of some of these tribes (e.g. did the Parisii tribe come from what is now Paris?) and how they influenced the next 2000 years of history (e.g. the Cantii tribe is the origin of the name Kent, and their kingdom was roughly the shape of the modern county of Kent!). There's two videos because the creator splits the topic into North and South - "The Mysterious Celtic Tribes of Britain | The South (Celtic History)" and "The Ancient Tribes of Scotland & Northern England".
He's a brilliant educator who does a great job of taking rarely-covered parts of Brythonic and Welsh history and making them easy to understand in an engaging way. I cannot recommend him highly enough.
To think as 12 year old British kids,we were expected to know dates and facts from this time up to Henry 8th in our heads.
No Google!
Fantastic voyage of discovery as always JJ, learning right with you at the start because I hadn't heard of the Jutes and Picts before. Edutainment right here, cheers good Sir!
George R.R. Martin based Game of Thrones on the 'Wars of the Roses' 1455-1487
If you want to learn more about the relationships between Alfred the Great, Edward the Elder, Æthelflæd, Æthelstan and Æthelræd then ‘The Last Kingdom’ is a good show. Obviously its not entirely historically accurate but its a good jumping off point.
Yes, I’d go along with that. Watching Season 4 at the moment. It is on Netflix in the UK, but started off as a BBC programme.
An excellent series that incorporates some of what was going on around this time is "The Last Kingdom".
The highway ( as you call it ) along the Scotish border is Hadrians wall
Oh interesting, thanks!
The wall is no longer the border with Scotland but it's close. I only learned recently that the Romans built it not to keep the Scots out but to prevent criminals on the run in England escaping to Scotland.
The reference in the video was to the line drawn around Strathclyde. Hadrian's Wall stretches across northern England from Irish Sea to North Sea. Probably the inspiration for GRR Martin's Wall in 'A Song of Ice and Fire'.
think 'jutes' as people who came over with the anglo saxon's (germanic) and think 'danes' as later Scandinavians who went a viking meaning raiding
Haven't watched the video yet but I can tell it's going to be incredible- can't wait to get in. I also have a suggestion on what to react to- the Napoleonic wars by Oversimplified. Its a great video and could help you learn more about not just the UK but also France, Austria, Russia, Sweden, Germany and more!
My home town Wilton, in Wiltshire was the ancient capital of Wessex 😊
The town immediately neighbouring the city of Salisbury is
known widely for our Stonehenge on its planes*
I’m pretty sure that him calling Danes “Vikings” is a misnomer (In that Scandinavian explorers of the time tend to be given the catch all name of “Viking”) Vikings were Norse raiders pushed out by overpopulation, and took to opportunistic pillaging of coastal settlements and slavery. The Danes did much the same, but were more strictly migratory and established the Danelaw as a part of their kingdom.
“Pirates vs Conquerors” in simple terms
Most of Game of Thrones is directly inspired by events in British history.
Vikings were Danish, Swedish and Norwegian.
Vikings from the southern tip of Sweden invaded Jutland and then later the Anglia and Saxony forming Denmark. This was the catalyst for the Jutes, Angles and Saxons migrating to Great Britain.
It’s believed Frisians also migrated with them as the Jutes, Angles and Saxons migrated south down the Frisian coast before crossing the sea to GB. Apparently, the Frisian language is as close to Old English as you can get that is still around today.
The geography of the peoples can be confusing. The people in what became England in Roman times were essentially similar to the modern day Welsh, speaking a language related to modern Welsh. The Picts are a bit of a mystery, they may have been of similar celtic origin, but we dont know. The Scots did not live in Scotland, they were gaelic celts living in Ireland, who invaded the west of modern Scotland.
The English were a combination of various tribes living along the coast from Denmark down the the netherlands, Frisian is the language most closely related to Old England. The Jutes and the Danes are not the same people. The Danes invaded Jutland from scandinavia, its likely that the pressure that they put on the Jutes was partly resonsible for them looking for somewhere else to live. Traditionally they were the first germanic tribe to settle.
Look into Boudicca too, who fought against the romans. There’s a statue of her in London 😊
Most natives from England are Celts.
The other Celtic nations might not like this but check out the History of Britain's DNA study,
the largest DNA study taken of a people ever undertook, that shows this.
I don't think other Celtic nations really take issue with this. In the past, British historians largely underestimated the Celtic heritage of the English, so popculture tends not to associate the English with the Celts.
That part of Jutland was part of Denmark until the Prusso-Danish War in the mid-19th century
10:43 got confused for a second there at "Aethelred I Died in 911" whut? oh yeah the year.....
The Danes does refer to the Danish vikings, but the Jutes refers specifically to the vikings from Jutland, which is the mainland of Denmark that is bordering Germany
The Danes were from Denmark, I’d we say Vikings that becomes a bit more recognisable
Edit: Vikings were from modern day Norway, Denmark and Sweden but the majority were Danish. Hence the part of England they ruled was called the Danelaw - as you may remember from the Jay Foreman / Map Men video on English place names (where the Danish left their mark)
The Swedes tended to go east becoming the Varangian Guard of and forming the basis of Russia and Ukraine etc
I think you confused yourself looking up the stuff at the start as that map was of 927 so wasn’t one wave of migration / invasion. The ‘English’ are generally referred to as Anglo-Danish at that point
The "vikings" as they're known today came from Denmark, Norway and Sweden, from the region known as Scandinavia. The word viking, derived from their word vikingr, meaning "expedition" and is now a catch-all term for the people who attacked and settled our fair country, to varying degrees of success.
The battle between dublin,strathclyde,picts v english was now thought to be in a place called bromborough wirral england
JRR Martin, visted nortumbria and hardrians wall when he was young. He based the game of thrones wall on Hadrians wall
The Danes were from Denmark. They conquered the eastern half of England, which was called the Danelaw, where Danish law ruled, and the Danes extracted protection money from the Saxons, in the form of Danegeld. Alfred the Great defeated the Danes. His grandson Aethelstan became the first King of a united England.
The Norwegians attacked Scotland - Shetland, Orkney, Caithness (the most northern county of Scotland), the Hebrides, the Isle of Man, founding Dublin.
Remember the Vikings were not Christian. King Cnut (a Dane) ruled England, Denmark and Norway.
England and Scotland are unique in Europe in being consolidated, independent States from 11th century.
During a period of around 300 years, London was part of Mercia, East Anglia, Kent or Wessex. The boundaries of those mini kingdoms were that fluid.. But prior to the Roman invasion, the people of Britain all considered themselves to be Britons and the island of Britain was divided up into several tribal kingdoms such as Silures and Powys. Things pretty much stayed that way until after the Romans left and the Saxons started arriving. It is at this point in time that, according to legend, a warlord named Arthur appears on the scene and unites all the kingdoms of Britain to fight the invading Saxon hoard. Although the invading hoard is now thought to have been more of a gradual influx and assimilation into the native British population.
I do believe GOT was based of the war of the rose's. There a video explaining this. 👍
Vikings were scandinavian which covers Norway, Sweden and Denmark, Eighth century Vikings were more forces from smaller chieftains from Sweden and Norway but 9th and 10th century were more from Denmark but the word Danes was not actually originally restricted to referring to modern Denmark but a catch all term for vikings and pagans. The Vikings came into existence about two centuries after the Jutes migrated to England. The Jutes originated in the Jutland Peninsula in Denmark, which was the home of many Viking groups. The Jutes settled in Kent, the Isle of Wight, and parts of Hampshire. The invading groups all established their own distinct territories hence the names of the counties.
If you can get it in the USA I’d recommend a TV series called “The Lost Kingdom” which is a dramatic reconstruction of the historical events of that era.
Compulsive viewing, give it a go 👍
The Last Kingdom.
Typo, my bad@@stevennicholas5472
Dublin was a Viking city
Vikings were seafaring people originally from Scandinavia (present-day Denmark, Norway, and Sweden),
I live in Winchester where King Alfred was and we also have the supposedly round table from King Arthur's legend.
Check that out mate and delve deeper. It's a lovely place with tons of history 😊😊
Some of this history is in the language used.
Both the Picts (Pictii in Latin meaning 'painted'), and the Britons (Brittannii in latin or 'pretanni' meaning 'tattooed') are similar ideas, which follow the Roman description of small, black-haired 'sallow-skinned' (implying pale and yellowish) people in the British Isles Northern area when the Romans invaded, with people south of there that they recognised as being Gaulish (like those in the Gaul (more or less modern France) region of the Roman Empire.
Essentially the huge numbers of 'celtic' (a word that implies 'hiddden') tribes that lived all over Europe before the Romans arrived from what is now Italy.
Great reaction, I like how you look up information too.
I’ve not saw on your channel but did you watch “ History of the entire world, I guess”.
Yes,I love the referencing rather than wild,often,inaccurate,guesses by other reactors.
'Danes' might also mean Vikings, because most of the Vikings who attacked England were from the Jutland peninsula, not so much fro Norway (those attacked Scotland and Ireland). And 'Jutes' and 'Jutland' are connected of course.
It wasn’t just Norway that was Viking. It was Norway 🇳🇴 Denmark 🇩🇰 Sweden 🇸🇪 Iceland 🇮🇸 Faroe Islands 🇫🇴
@JJLA Now check out the Norman Invasion - note how soon after all of this history THAT happened.
The Great Heathen Army [the Vikings] was led by Ivar the Boneless, Ubba and Halfdan Ragnarsson, sons of Ragnar Lodbrok King of Denmark and Scandian Sweden,
So they were basically Danish.
One thing missing from this video.
England was shortly invaded after the formation of England. By France in the year 1066. 😂
LOL Oh yeah 😂
True, but it already existed as a kingdom at that point, it just changed hands. Although also in a way that was culturally significant. I mean it's why we no longer have any Aethelreds or Aethelstans for one. Only good ol' French names like William and Henry from then on.
Not by France, by the Normans who were descended from Danish raiders who settled in Normandy after the Frankish King gave them the territory.
England changed hands before then though. I think the video ends before the decline of the Wessex dynasty under Ethelred II (the unready - meaning badly advised). On his death in 1016 the throne is taken by Cnut who was Danish and ruled over the so-called North Sea Empire comprising Denmark, Norway, a small part of southern Sweden, and England. His empire collapsed after his death in 1035, and although his two sons Harold Harefoot and Harthacnut held on to the English throne until 1042 (both dying young), the House of Wessex returned briefly under Edward the Confessor (1042-1066). Cnut is best remembered as the man who it is claimed tried to hold back the waves. Untrue of course, as he was demonstrating the flattery of his courtiers to be nonsense.
'Viking' is not a nationality, but rather refers to seagoing pirates from any of the Scandinavian nations, hence your confusion as to where they were from, and the different names being used at different points.
you should watch the TV show "The Last Kingdom" its based on this but no fully accurate
Watch The Last Kingdom (Trust Me), it’s about the kingdoms of England before they became one Kingdom. In order watch Vikings, then The Last Kingdom and Then Seven Kings Must Die. Danes were Vikings, Vikings means Raider and is a name used to describe the raiders from Scandinavia not just Norway.
Viking was used in a derogatory way towards people who were going on raids, but when they were trading, they were referred to as Danes.
You need to watch an episode or 3 of The Last Kingdom
That’s what Martin got his idea from his books from.
Fun as always M8
🙏🍻
OK. This is my understanding of the various tribes and people's involved. Basically, the Saxons were the Kingdoms of Wessex, Essex and Sussex. The Angles were the Kingdoms of Mercia, Northumbria and East Anglia, and the Jutes were the Kingdom of Kent. The Jutes are not much talked about because they were absorbed into one of the other Kingdoms eventually. On the Viking side; the Vikings came from Norway, Sweden and Denmark; they are referred to as "Danes" because most Vikings who invaded England came from Denmark. Incidentally most Vikings who invaded Scotland were probably from Norway. I think this is broadly correct, anyone can jump in and correct or add to this if they want.
if you watch The Last Kingdom tv series, all be it some of the time lines are mixed, it more or less tells this story
I wonder what the Welsh wete doing throughput all of this. They were not mentioned much
Maybe do a follow up video about the history of the Welsh. I'm in Liverpool and can see Wales from here so wpuld be interesting to learn that history
Look at wiki page 'List of anglo-welsh wars'. There's probably a lot going on too between the Welsh with Irish (and later viking) raiders seeking slaves and other plunder.
Viking, probably a verb for raiding, covers not just Denmark and Norway but Sweden and some of the area east of there too. One tribe that originated from eastern Scandinavia was called the Rus. Have a guess what country is named after them?
The Vikings were Scandinavian, and they traveled to different places depending on where they lived. The Vikings that raided present-day England came, mostly, from present-day Denmark. The ones from present-day Sweden went to the East (Finland, Ukraine, Russia, Baltics, Balkan, Middle East, etc), and so on. I'm writing "present-day" since it doesn't make sense to talk about modern countries in this context. Modern nation-states (the idea that a nation (e.g. the Danes) should be congruent with a specific political structure (the state of Denmark)) are very recent. At this time, borders were porous and ill-defined, and languages weren't centralized (people spoke differently in different regions).
If you want to check out Emgland before the Romans, look up the Iceni Tribe, thees some great videos on them
You need to check out remembrance day the poppy this coming Sunday
I fancy that, in comparison, the Romans were a lot less blood thirsty than the Vikings.
The Romanisation of Britain quite often involved simply moving in around the existing power structures, adopting the local religion into their own, building nice, heated villas for the local chiefs, and settling down to quiet Pax Romana. It wasn't all like that of course, but on the whole there were a lot of benefits to being part of the Roman empire. Roads, aqueducts
Vikings could come from any one of the Scandinavian countries, however they often focused on different areas of the British Isles. For example, England was primarily targeted by Vikings from Denmark whilst Ireland and Scotland were primarily targeted by those from Norway. Swedish Vikings were relatively uncommon in the British Isles and focused more on Russia. Also, regardless of where they were from, the Anglo-Saxons called them all 'Danes' (or _Dene_ in Old English).
York wasn't the capital of England; that was Winchester for the longest time, till London came to be used as a sort of joint-capital.
If you want to know how people might have spoken during these times you could check out some videos by Simon Roper who ponders all sorts of historical linguists questions. You’ll have to make sure you find one in a suitable format for reaction as they are quite varied, but for personal interest there is a whole rabbit hole to dive down.
The word Viking means to raid or to go raiding and is not a tribe, hence Norse Vikings, and Danish Vikings .
We still use a viking name now. Bluetooth is a viking name. It is a viking rune used for the symbol.
Queen Boudicca (d. 61 CE) was the Celtic queen of the Iceni tribe of modern-day East Anglia, Britain, who led a revolt against Rome in 60/61 CE. Don't forget Boudicca before the Romans arrived.
As someone from england I wish this stoy was told more cos lets be real we need more movies and stuff abt it (there is netflix's the last kingdom ik of and a few from the viking pov)
Scottish history is even more interesting and many of the stories in game of thrones were inspired by events in the kingdoms that existed in what became Scotland.
I mean... Game of Thrones is literally inspired by the War of the Roses.
Aethelstan was no different in ambition in driving North than the US settlers were by being encouraged to drive West by Central Government
I'm as English as can be, but 8% of my DNA is of Danish and Swedish origin - those Vikings left their mark in many ways!! 😁
This is why there is a north south divide between Northern England and Southern England thanks to the Viking of Denmark Sweden and Norway even through the people of London pretends that the north south divide doesn’t which it does as they were ruled by French Normans which are basically descendants of Viking that ruled Normandy France
Some observations that may help:
1. The Vikings that harried and invaded England were from Denmark. These are the Danes mentioned at the beginning that you confuse with the Jutes - who seem to have little to no historical legacy.
2. The Vikings from Norway went "up and over" the archipelago, settling in the Orkneys, Shetlands, Hebrides, Isle of Mann, Cumbria and Ireland (a la Olaf Guthrison). These are referred to as the Norse. FYI, the Norse were in power in the Scottish isles up until the 16th century!
3. Strathclyde was a British kingdom, and they would have spoken a language similar to Welsh. In fact, the oldest Welsh literature we have comes from this area (Yr Hen Ogledd) and not Wales itself!! The ruler Owain mentioned has a distinctly Welsh name (equivalent to John in English)
4. The video skips over the earliest period of English kingdoms (perhaps because so little is known), but the seven kingdoms shown largely formed from amalgamating several smaller English kingdoms, most of which, obviously "disappeared", like Emmet and Bernicia.
5. The connections with Denmark didn't end here. In fact, England would go on to have a few Danish kings, like Knut.
The smaller Kingdom you mentioned is not Emmet, but Elmet, in what is now West Yorkshire, and it was a Romano-British Kingdom, conquered by King Edwin of Northumbria, an Angle, in 615AD.
@@AnneDowson-vp8lg thanks. I was going from rusty memory, but I was close, right?
Aelthleda was a woman, and the Vikings were terrified of her, it's said she died in battle killing vikings with her the war axe she used in battle
The more of our history you learn, the more you will see why we once held the largest and most powerful empire ever seen. Though a relatively small place, history taught many lessons very quickly and those lessons lead to everything that came after. Personally I hope lessons are being learned still, so maybe some day the entire world can be united in common purpose and understanding.
I want England back : (
Before the Romans turned up, the area now known as England and Wales was lived in by Celtic tribes who spoke Brythonic. Most of this language is now lost to the English who quickly adopted Anglo-Saxon once they were infiltrated by these dominant tribes. However, the Welsh still speak a form of Brythonic and the 'English' are still as much as 60% Celt. Who knew?
To go a-viking just meant to go sea-raiding but came to be used as a word for Vikings in general. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, a great history produced during this period, called the Vikings 'Danes' but this just meant they were raiders from Scandinavia and possibly Denmark. It wasn't specific.
The Irish already ran the greatest slave market in Western Europe from Dublin and many English were sold from there after innumerable slave raids along our northern coast - St Patrick was captured there, of course. Then the Vikings invaded Ireland and were delighted to find the slave market already established in Dublin. The one who called himself king of Dublin was the one portrayed as attacking England along with the Scots and the Picts but who failed and was forced out.
Aethelflaeda was a great warrior queen - someone whom even men admired and whom they were willing to follow. Daughter of Alfred the Great, she was very intelligent and capable, fortifying the local towns and driving out the Danes. So many names begin with 'Aethel-' from this time because it was attached to your name if you were of royal blood.
The Jutes came from N.W. Germany. They spoke a Germanic language, akin to Danish. The Danes came from Denmark.