(It's “Ginkgo biloba”.) Yeah, I'm surprised they didn't include Ginkgo biloba in the list: besides being alone in its phylum (“division”), it's a fairly common garden tree which most people will have seen somewhere, showing that not all (non-human) loner species are obscure ones that nobody knows about.
@@PanozGTR2: Well, that and the fact that they can spontaneously change sexes. Idk if you've ever smelled gingko fruits before, but they have _very_ high levels of butyric acid, which makes them stink like rotting waste (imagine rancid butter, dogshit, and vomit). Because of their attractive leaves, especially in the fall, we stupid humans wanted to plant them everywhere, but we didn't want any of the fruits. So, some idiot thought they had the bright idea of only planting all males or all females in one area. Guess how well that worked out. Tl;dr: Man: I'ma plant only one sex of gingko, sos I cn haf purdy leaves ta lookit, and none of da bad smell. Nature: *I'm about to end this man's whole career!*
Not going to lie, you said "This may look like a lizard, but," and I totally thought you were going to tell me it was some kind of plant that mimics the shape of a lizard.
You guys forgot about Ginkgo biloba , the Gingko tree or the maidenhair tree. This plant is the only living species in the plant division Ginkgophyta, with all others being extinct. It is a very ancient plant species, with some fossils dating back 270 million years, with the living species itself dating back to the Eocene epoch, some 51.5 million years ago.
Why choose to frame this as a shortcoming of the video? This is a cool and related fact that finds a nice home in the comments section- there’s no need to shame the SciShow writers for not mentioning it.
everyone in the comments knows about this except for SciShow. lazy research. i don't really trust at face value what they said in the past. i have to collaborate their stories now from my university
Have to give a shoutout to my favorite fish boys: Amia calva (Bowfin) and Polyodon spathula (American Paddlefish) are both monospecific families of really old actinopterygians and I love them
Likmognathia might be a remnant species from Snowball Earth, which would explain why it is found at both polar regions today, and it might have started out millions of years ago near the equator. Retreating from the equator as the Earth warmed.
Hmmm… That would place the origin of bilaterians, let alone protostomes, rather surprisingly far back in the past: AFAIU, it is believed that these clades (to which Limnognathia maerski belongs) appeared during the ediacaran period, circa 75Myr after the end of the last proposed “snowball Earth” glaciation.
Atheos B. Sapien You just hosed them? I always kept a copy of their gigantic pamphlets to knock them in the head with! Might as well throw the book at them, too.
@@sheilabilyeu5689 I pray for you to open your heart and head, and change your faith to the true faith, the faith in lord lucifer, savior of humanity, it was him the one to send jesus.
I was so deep in plant mode that when Sphenodon punctuatus came up I thought you were going to either try to trick me into thinking it was a lizard-shaped plant or zoom into a plant that lives symbiotically on its skin or something lmao
Aardvarks are one of my favorite species of mammal. I got to work with one at a zoo last summer, and she was adorable. I really loved doing keeper talks about her and teaching people about them
You guys really should have shown an electrogram of L. Maerski's jaw structure. It's incredibly complex for such a small creature and would have been cool to see here.
No human alive has more than 4% or so Neanderthal DNA. If, for example, no servals existed but some house cats had that little of their DNA, you would still say that servals are extinct.
Why did it have to be competitive in the first place I wonder? Why was this the big thing the species must do? To compete and win energy source and land? It’s interesting
On a relatively small scale, yes but if you are on top of the food chain you can run the risk of causing an ecological collapse and end up going extinct. This is why humans have to be a little more careful after we've already made so many things go extinct.
@@KateeAngel Half the money and land is probably more accurate. But given the average person's financial literacy, I wonder how quickly things would return to normal.
@@vyor8837 Frogs are our fault. Pandas (and possibly Koalas,) are actually examples of reverse-extinctions that are still our fault. We’re keeping them alive, which is causing more damage than they likely would if they were gone, as well as leaving them in their suffering. Tigers, Elephants, Rhinos, there are thousands, if not millions of species that are currently going extinct because of our actions. It is a MASS-EXTINCTION event that is a direct result of our actions. Note the difference between an extinction, and a mass-extinction, of which there have been 5, including the Permian(iirc), and the K-T.
I find this presenter fascinating and fun to listen to! I have a lot of respect for people who work to pronounce these scientific names without a bobble!
It actually still is ruled by them, dude. Almost all (maybe 98-99%) of organic matter and 100% of oxygen is created either by free-living cyanobacteria or plastids, which are just obligatory endosymbiotic cyanobacteria with reduced genomes. Add other bacteria, and the picture is clear: Earth continues to be ruled by bacteria. The idea that the largest species on the top of food chains "rule" anything is ridiculous, those are actually the most vulnerable to any change in other parts of food chain. Ecosystems are ruled by primary producers and nitrogen-fixing organisms
@@juanausensi499 "The platypus is the sole living representative or monotypic taxon of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and genus (Ornithorhynchus), though a number of related species appear in the fossil record" - second line on the platypus page on wikipedia. Echidnas and the platypus are members of the order Monotremata but are not the same species
@@SamS-fq5yw First of all, you're right. One problem is the word 'lineage' has no unambiguous meaning. To make things worse, the ranking classes (order, class, genus, etc..) are very much arbitrary. In practice, and you will always see echidnas associated with platypuses, no matter how we rank the clade 'monotremata'.
Aardvarks aren’t related to Ungulates at all. They are part of a group of animals called “Afrotheria”. A group that also includes Hyraxes, Manatees and Dugongs, and Elephants.
So, did you guys have to redo this episode when the tuatara genome thing came out last week or did you do this episode because of that announcement? Also, if the tuatara's eye is covered by "a scale" (vs "covered by skin"), what happens if that scale is removed? Can they see more out of it?
I would assume a pretty similar thing to what would happen if you removed the cornea or a human eye: lots of leaking/exposed sensitive tissue (depending on how much you remove)
Snakes have scales over both their eyes called spectacles, and they are extremely clear. Since they don’t have eyelids and can’t blink, removing those scales would cause the eye to dehydrate and go blind. My guess is it’s a similar thing with the tuatara.
This kinda reminded me of SCP-6002,a literal physical tree of life.I completely reccomend it. Each branch represents a species,it has it's dna,even undiscovered ones and if it breaks the species dies,very interesting.
It's amazing how life has created some weird and successful creatures. It's sad that one of them (humans) are so very successful that they are changing life itself, for better or worse. Great video. Thanks.
I've fallen so deep into the anti creationism rabbit hold that when I heard this video start with talking about common ancestors I was getting prepped for the creationist argument against it. Its honestly so nice to hear someone talking about this stuff without needing to defend that it is in fact a fact. I could go the rest of my life like this
@@noshame2389 ex-Baptist here too. Finally starting to see my brain relax a little after almost 10 years of deconstruction. We got this!!! But it’s good to be prepared :)
As someone not raised with religion this is so odd..of course it’s fact. It’s mind boggling there are people that actually believe creationist stories. The only times I heard things like that topic it was people making fun of it. Like it wasn’t even worth serious discussion as it was so stupid and silly.
8:27 Her: If you had to guess their closest living relative you might say pig or ant eater Me: I would say kangaroo, they look like kangaroos to me Her: Their actually closest related to elephants Me: _huh_
Monospecific genera are VERY common. The video deals with more abrangent taxonomic groups, such as orders, classes and phylums. P.S.: They say Welwitschia is the only one of their family, but they're actually a monospecific order too, Welwitschiales. Humans
Could you do an episode about the science of making swords. Like explaining why swords are heated up before being hit. Explain the science of what's happening to the metal when taken to such extremes. I don't see any video out there explaining that. Could be a good episode for you guys. Love the show! Keep up the great work!
Metal is heated so that it can be pounded into shape, or even poured into a mold. Heating things tends to weaken molecular bonds and attractive forces (essentially moving solids closer to a liquid state and liquids closer to a gaseous state) and thus makes them easier to shape. If you are interested in more sword making or metal working, I recommend searching for "quenching and tempering" Here's a couple links you might find interesting: th-cam.com/video/6jQ4y0LK1kY/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/UJ_WseTWJJE/w-d-xo.html
I come from Namibia. The Welwitschia is a national symbol of ours, it appears in our coat of arms and our national rugby team is even called the Welwitschias.
Good episode and topic, but my one gripe is with the "tree" of life graphic(s). You might have covered it in another video, but with the "tree" having major branches showing much thicker, central branches for the species that have so far outlived their closer relatives, and/or showing the survivors as the central branches, it implies and adds fuel to a misunderstanding of evolution, and to arguments of evolution deniers. It gives the impression that species that have survived thus far are more highly evolved, or to some people, that those species are the "intentions", "goals", "destined ones", or, "winners" of evolution, which of course aren't actually things that exist. These ideas are common fuel for misunderstandings of evolution, evolution deniers, and/or creationists that more recently concede or pretend to concede to some elements and/or examples of evolution, but deny the rest of it.
Simple line diagrams that don't have thicker lines (at very least not having one or more of the same taxonomic level being thicker than its siblings) and none that have the species that happens to have survived to the current point in time, in a straight line from a much larger "branch", "bough", or "trunkc (thus looking more important or destined/designed), not having the currently surviving species in the middle of it extinct relatives which are relegated to the sides. If I remember right SciShow has done what I suggest before. It's certainly very common. Or more radial diagrams which have also been fairly common for decades. Or something I haven't seen or don't remember, which remembers to try to check the biases of oneself and the audience. I didn't call it a misrepresentation.
@@adamnunavumiuq5121 They normally _do_ use things like what you're suggesting. The problem here is, it's for a cool poster. Those tend not to be as eye catching. I, myself, find the dividing line style ones to be far more visually attractive, but I know that, for primarily artistic trees of life, I'm in a minority.
7:58 "There just so happened to be that almost no other Squamates existed on New Zealand" Really just going to ignore all the dope geckos of New Zealand...
Sci Show: This lizard has a third eye! This microorganism has huge jaws like nothing else on Earth! Us: Can we see them? SS:*Awkward Big Lebowski Reference*
True, especially because pictures of the parietal eye are not hard to come by. I had to look it up, (I had never heard of it, so my natural scepticism set in and demanded another source) there is a solid wikipedia article on it that also includes pictures.
6:34 As she was talking about plants only for quite some time and then said "It might look like a lizard, but its not" for few literal seconds I was like, "Wait, are you saying its a plant and not a lizard??"
Wait, since when are aardvarks ungulates? The video itself says they're relatives to elephants, which would make them afrotherian, rather than boreoeutherian, which is what ungulates are, isn't it? I thought afrotheria had their own group of analogically ungulate-like species called paenungulates, though when I checked, it seems aardvarks aren't those either. Taxonomy's pretty confusing and hard to keep up with, though, so are there recent changes I'm missing?
You guys NEED to do an episode on Lokiarchaeota, it kind over falls within this subject, but probably because most species remain uncovered, deserves its own episode.
Archeologists in the wake of WWI: clearly, we killed off all the other species in our genus. Archeologists now: turns out we just didn't need as much food as Neanderthals because we weren't as buff lmao
I enjoyed watching this article. Though the editor seems to have removed all the moments where the presenter takes a breath. That makes the presentation feel like a relentless waterfall, and is tiring to watch as those little pauses are where the viewer assimilates the sentence that's just ended.
They are so difficult to find, it is almost impossible to find if you don't look specifically for them. I asked James Weiss if he was, but no answer ;)
@@marccolten9801 We have gotten much better at living reconstruction than we used to be. I remember when dinosaurs were made to look like someone wrapped the skeleton in papier mache and painted it dull green.
@@OtakuUnitedStudio Did bigotry have anything to do with earlier representations of Neanderhals? I'm not sure bigotry is the word I'm looking for but earlier illustrations showed them as more brutish and animal like. Was that how people wanted them to look, separating them from us?
When I think of our history of killing off everything around us and poisoning our own environment I always think of the Star Track episode where Q makes Picard defend the human race's right to exist. While Picard was able to argue in our defense, I'm not sure that was the correct outcome. In view of our violence, cruelty, arrogance, and carelessness I find it hard to view us as an improve to the universe. If we could just actually learn from our mistakes it might be different, but at the rate we are going I don't think we will need an all powerful space being to finish us off. I would like to apologize to the other species for our actions and hope we leave whats left of you a small place to heal. For a species so amazingly gifted it's depressing to realize how little real good we have achieved.
Yes, I completely agree. In spite all of the fantastic inventions over the years, and more every day, we are far beyond really "needing" any of it - we just don't know how to stop "wanting" it! Gifted, yes. Intelligent use of that gift, not anymore. True empathy has been bred out, and replaced with even more "me, me, me," genes.
That could refer either to the first episode, _Encounter at Farpoint,_ or the last episode, _All Good Things…._ My favorite scene with relevance to this topic is the one in the latter where Q brings Picard to the puddle where Earth life was supposed to first form, but due to them screwing around unwisely with tachyons in the future, a spacetime anomaly has prevented that from ever happening. It was powerful watching Picard's excitement at being able to witness the first Earth life turn to horror as the proteins fall apart.
Sometimes I find myself thinking how bizarre it is that there once was a time when multiple, more or less equally evolved human species lives alongside each other. Or at least at the same time. And that that was normal for them. Then I remember that of course it's only odd because we homo sapiens are alone today. Life is strange.
There was a time when there were other peoples. We are not able(yet) to pinpoint the exact time, but it is in the Bible. After Cain killed Able and he was cast out of the Land of Nod (still being studied) he said to God 'anyone who finds me will kill me'. Then God said that He would put a'mark' on Cain so he wouldn't be killed. Then he left Nod, found a wife, then had children of his own. Those were probably the ones who are all over the Earth. God doesn't explain EVERY DETAIL, because if you believe and give it some thought, you can understand. Adam and Eve were made special by God, to live in the Garden of Eden. Then Satan disguised himself as a serpent, to gain access to Eden. Then he asked Eve why she wouldn't eat of the tree of knowledge. She told him because God said we would die. What God said was that their souls wouldn't be pure anymore, making them 'die'. Then the serpent told Eve God LIED TO HER, that she wouldn't die. She would have the knowledge of good and evil. He tempted her by distorting God's words. And she was tricked into taking a bite. But Adam, he KNEW HE WAS DISOBEYING GOD. He tried to blame Eve for HIS SIN.(sound familiar?) So God had a good reason to punish all three, because NOW they knew they were naked. Before they sinned by disobeying God, they were PURE. Now tainted with sin, and Adam lying about it, and the serpent (devil, evil) were punished with curses, and Eve was said by God to let the serpent deciever her, she would suffer in childbirth and long for her husband, but he would only long for power(sound familiar, again?). Then they were cast out of Eden (after God made them clothing from the animals) to live in the Land of Nod. There they had Cain and Able. And others after them, who also left and had mates from?..........
It's actually normal in Latin names, since the same word can be a noun and also an adjective with zero modification. Example: gula gula(lit. "Gluttonous glutton”)
I was disappointed there were almost no sea creatures. Ribbon eels have a genus all to themselves (Rhinomuraena). The black ribbon eels and the blue/yellow ones were thought to be separate species, but the black ones are just younger ribbon eels. Orcas are the only recognized extant species in the genus Orcinus.
She didn't mention gynogenosis the females of one species can use the gene expression gene promoters and inhibitors . RNAs signals in cell membranes and sections of DNA from another species . but100% the mothers genetic structure
That was a great episode! And Olivia was the *Perfect* host with her plant biology background... and I like the option of buying the cute poster at the end instead of a random product being advertised several times throughout (I know you guys need to make money, and try and watch the ads and sort some Patreon etc) it’s just enjoyable 😍 thanks sci show!!!
When ancient humans are depicted in drawings why do they not have really long hair?. I doubt hair trimming was a thing or was it?. I would really like to know. When did we start cutting our hair?.
Pun lovin criminal, other animals don’t cut their hair, so, maybe we didn’t, either. Perhaps we had head hair that grew only to a specific length-like armpits, or, eyebrows. Or, perhaps our diets were just really poor, and, our hair and nails were fragile and broke away easily. I dunno.
@@alternator7893 I have researched it a little bit and it depends on how far back in time you go. When humans left Africa they would have naturally short hair due to sweating in a hot climate so short hair would be a advantage evolutionary . People in colder climates would have long hair. If they cut it is unknown.
#7 the loneliest: Ginko biloba. It has it's own phyllum, class, order, family, genus, species to itself.
(It's “Ginkgo biloba”.) Yeah, I'm surprised they didn't include Ginkgo biloba in the list: besides being alone in its phylum (“division”), it's a fairly common garden tree which most people will have seen somewhere, showing that not all (non-human) loner species are obscure ones that nobody knows about.
@@davidamadore It's one of the rare cases where we (humans) are the reason that they aren't extinct, rather than the reason that they almost are.
@@PanozGTR2: Well, that and the fact that they can spontaneously change sexes. Idk if you've ever smelled gingko fruits before, but they have _very_ high levels of butyric acid, which makes them stink like rotting waste (imagine rancid butter, dogshit, and vomit).
Because of their attractive leaves, especially in the fall, we stupid humans wanted to plant them everywhere, but we didn't want any of the fruits. So, some idiot thought they had the bright idea of only planting all males or all females in one area. Guess how well that worked out.
Tl;dr: Man: I'ma plant only one sex of gingko, sos I cn haf purdy leaves ta lookit, and none of da bad smell.
Nature: *I'm about to end this man's whole career!*
sdfkjgh the fruits are actually used as medicine tho
I want scishow to make a video about ginkgo now
4:45 "Wavy waxy grooves" sounds like a disco dance move from the '70's.
nice catch!!
When you put your dep on to the beat
Imagine a headless, spineless animal species with just arms that never stop growing
Not sure why but GWAR comes to my mind...
Tunicates, kind of.
Doesn't matter as long as you keep reproducing
Basically a starfish
thanks, i hate it.
I'm going to write them into some horror story or something. It's wonderfuly creepy.
Not going to lie, you said "This may look like a lizard, but," and I totally thought you were going to tell me it was some kind of plant that mimics the shape of a lizard.
Agreed 😂
As someone who regularly sees Tuatara I can confirm that they might as well be plants considering how rarely they move
i thought it was going to be a bird 😂
Plot twist: it's a cake
A body snatcher
'Lonely branches on the tree of life' sounds like the name of some obscure indie rock album
That’s my favorite mountain goats song!
H m m
A 1969 psych-folk album that goes for $3000 on eBay.
I'm pretty sure that's the name of Shriekback's 3rd album...
Hell yeah I listen to Lbottol 🤘😎👍
We once weren’t lonely in this part of the tree, but then someone one said “no homo” and the words of an narcissist echoed throughout history
omfg this is way too funny
No homo
😂😂😂
A true one in a billion read. Thanks for this.
Well this a new sentence
You guys forgot about Ginkgo biloba
, the Gingko tree or the maidenhair tree. This plant is the only living species in the plant division Ginkgophyta, with all others being extinct. It is a very ancient plant species, with some fossils dating back 270 million years, with the living species itself dating back to the Eocene epoch, some 51.5 million years ago.
Why choose to frame this as a shortcoming of the video? This is a cool and related fact that finds a nice home in the comments section- there’s no need to shame the SciShow writers for not mentioning it.
I can't believe they didn't mention it smh. All Ginkos Matter.
calm down rose, u scishow shill
everyone in the comments knows about this except for SciShow. lazy research. i don't really trust at face value what they said in the past. i have to collaborate their stories now from my university
They made a video about it before th-cam.com/video/6Vj4DCGnynQ/w-d-xo.html
Have to give a shoutout to my favorite fish boys: Amia calva (Bowfin) and Polyodon spathula (American Paddlefish) are both monospecific families of really old actinopterygians and I love them
Land a Bowfin on shore and it will come after you, jaws snapping.
I'm not good at the classifications, but king cobras are interesting for being alone jn their..
Category?
Likmognathia might be a remnant species from Snowball Earth, which would explain why it is found at both polar regions today, and it might have started out millions of years ago near the equator. Retreating from the equator as the Earth warmed.
Wow, that's very interesting!
Hmmm… That would place the origin of bilaterians, let alone protostomes, rather surprisingly far back in the past: AFAIU, it is believed that these clades (to which Limnognathia maerski belongs) appeared during the ediacaran period, circa 75Myr after the end of the last proposed “snowball Earth” glaciation.
@@RNCHFND snowball earth? Well, getting closer. Try THE FLOOD
Atheos B. Sapien
You just hosed them? I always kept a copy of their gigantic pamphlets to knock them in the head with! Might as well throw the book at them, too.
@@sheilabilyeu5689 I pray for you to open your heart and head, and change your faith to the true faith, the faith in lord lucifer, savior of humanity, it was him the one to send jesus.
I was so deep in plant mode that when Sphenodon punctuatus came up I thought you were going to either try to trick me into thinking it was a lizard-shaped plant or zoom into a plant that lives symbiotically on its skin or something lmao
:0 me tooo man
Aardvarks are one of my favorite species of mammal. I got to work with one at a zoo last summer, and she was adorable. I really loved doing keeper talks about her and teaching people about them
Let's just hope she didn't get her hooves on any of your model airplanes, ha ha.
@@jaschabull2365 wha..?
@@loura246
Ha ha, it was a D. W. joke.
Aardvarkens, yeah funny creatures
This is such an interesting topic they could do it again and again and propbably still have loads of examples
Yes; agree
Yet they chose 6- why
I vote for this to be a thing! Like maybe every other Sunday?
They choose 6, most likely because that was the number that let them get to the magical TH-cam video length of 10-15 minutes.
Kyle Gesin ^^ true
Olivia, your presentation has improved SO MUCH since you started on the show. I'm in awe - go you!
AGREE... i used to be all "Hank or just nooo.".
But i really love how her flow of presentation has evolved.
Go olivia xxx! 💪🏻
Olivia is tops! 👍☺
Always enjoyed Olivia's presentation style, but now that you mention it she does seem much more comfortable and in her zone in the newer videos.
She's my favorite presenter.
She used to get a lot of hate mail, criticism,you can tell she's a strong willed young lady,love u Olivia.😘
You guys really should have shown an electrogram of L. Maerski's jaw structure. It's incredibly complex for such a small creature and would have been cool to see here.
I'm going to search for that right now, it sounds fascinating!
@@lapislazarus8899 It is! It's super complex for such a tiny creature!
When you go to those family gatherings and feel like the most monospecific taxonic of the bunch.
Big mood right here
Should make a part 2 to this with more monospecific taxons. Very interesting!
Neanderthals didn't die off, we absorbed them. Nom nom nom.
Similarly Scottish wild cats are disappearing.
They're not dying out, they're just interbreeding with feral domestic cats.
death by Snu Snu
They mostly died though. But we didn't kill them, they were struggling before we met.
No human alive has more than 4% or so Neanderthal DNA. If, for example, no servals existed but some house cats had that little of their DNA, you would still say that servals are extinct.
ah, yes the sexy Neanderthal theory
Big brain strategy: outbreed and outcompete your competitions
*every organism* strategy
Why did it have to be competitive in the first place I wonder? Why was this the big thing the species must do? To compete and win energy source and land? It’s interesting
@@abdullatifzero its how it works, you breed. You need food. Those who cant get food and survive, die
On a relatively small scale, yes but if you are on top of the food chain you can run the risk of causing an ecological collapse and end up going extinct. This is why humans have to be a little more careful after we've already made so many things go extinct.
So, rat?
“On the contrary, we’re a big risk and regularly endanger other species.”
But we also learn from our mistakes and try to be better.
@@sheilabilyeu5689 the best we can do is consume less and breed less, and stop the richest 1% of ours from taking 90% of resources
@@KateeAngel Half the money and land is probably more accurate.
But given the average person's financial literacy, I wonder how quickly things would return to normal.
@@sheilabilyeu5689 we’re still on the middle of a mass-extinction that’s pretty much all our faults.
@@vyor8837 Frogs are our fault. Pandas (and possibly Koalas,) are actually examples of reverse-extinctions that are still our fault. We’re keeping them alive, which is causing more damage than they likely would if they were gone, as well as leaving them in their suffering. Tigers, Elephants, Rhinos, there are thousands, if not millions of species that are currently going extinct because of our actions. It is a MASS-EXTINCTION event that is a direct result of our actions. Note the difference between an extinction, and a mass-extinction, of which there have been 5, including the Permian(iirc), and the K-T.
I find this presenter fascinating and fun to listen to! I have a lot of respect for people who work to pronounce these scientific names without a bobble!
Me in 30 years: 7 Lonely branches on the Tree of Life
Only in thirty years?
I think the joke is that dude might be already in his 30s by now. So, yeah, in 30 years, another branch might appear.
Alright. I'll see myself out.
@@Xaiff I took it as in thirty years he'll be the 7th lonely branch
@@AxxLAfriku what does this mean, it confounds me
@@ca13bk96 and that's how the branch wilted away?
Last time I was this early the earth was still ruled by cyanobacteria
Dang I’m late again like a trilobite.
It actually still is ruled by them, dude. Almost all (maybe 98-99%) of organic matter and 100% of oxygen is created either by free-living cyanobacteria or plastids, which are just obligatory endosymbiotic cyanobacteria with reduced genomes.
Add other bacteria, and the picture is clear: Earth continues to be ruled by bacteria.
The idea that the largest species on the top of food chains "rule" anything is ridiculous, those are actually the most vulnerable to any change in other parts of food chain. Ecosystems are ruled by primary producers and nitrogen-fixing organisms
Surprised that the Pronghorn didn't make this list considering it's the last of it's lineage too, and is not an antelope.
My thought exactly.... glad you already pointed it out
Also the platypus, surprised they didn't mention that either
@@SamS-fq5yw Platypus has relatives: the echidnas
@@juanausensi499 "The platypus is the sole living representative or monotypic taxon of its family (Ornithorhynchidae) and genus (Ornithorhynchus), though a number of related species appear in the fossil record" - second line on the platypus page on wikipedia. Echidnas and the platypus are members of the order Monotremata but are not the same species
@@SamS-fq5yw First of all, you're right.
One problem is the word 'lineage' has no unambiguous meaning. To make things worse, the ranking classes (order, class, genus, etc..) are very much arbitrary. In practice, and you will always see echidnas associated with platypuses, no matter how we rank the clade 'monotremata'.
Aardvarks aren’t related to Ungulates at all.
They are part of a group of animals called “Afrotheria”. A group that also includes Hyraxes, Manatees and Dugongs, and Elephants.
don't forget tenrecs and sengis
Andrew Gan
Oh yeah, them too.
a lot of this episode struck me as not well thought out.
Doesn't that depend on which system you use.
From what I remember the system changes pretty regularly as new things are discovered
Yeah, the video even said they're pretty closely related to elephants, so I was confused when it implied they were ungulates.
May I suggest Gingko biloba for the next lonely species segment?
Already been suggested.
So, did you guys have to redo this episode when the tuatara genome thing came out last week or did you do this episode because of that announcement?
Also, if the tuatara's eye is covered by "a scale" (vs "covered by skin"), what happens if that scale is removed? Can they see more out of it?
would probably damage the light sensitive cells underneath
I would assume a pretty similar thing to what would happen if you removed the cornea or a human eye: lots of leaking/exposed sensitive tissue (depending on how much you remove)
Snakes have scales over both their eyes called spectacles, and they are extremely clear. Since they don’t have eyelids and can’t blink, removing those scales would cause the eye to dehydrate and go blind. My guess is it’s a similar thing with the tuatara.
Technically its covered by a scale and skin, like the rest of the head and once a year it does shed that.
Looks like your crying....i know its the light is creating shadows from your glasses tho...
This kinda reminded me of SCP-6002,a literal physical tree of life.I completely reccomend it.
Each branch represents a species,it has it's dna,even undiscovered ones and if it breaks the species dies,very interesting.
0:10
You gave me an idea for a horror novel with that phrasing... I'm gonna call it "Planet Alabama: Return of the Sister-cousin-mother-in-law-wife."
That's like half the family reunions in Alabama right now. You wouldn't even need special effects; just hide some cameras and let the magic happen.
Can you make it a horror comedy?
Thanks!
I enjoyed watching this video and remembering my college's classes
That tree branch graph is VERY unfriendly to anyone with a not perfect vision.
Dude, its not viewable... Dont worry...
@@denver-unflapack wut?
Even for those of us with average Visio. It was kind of a mess. The foreground and background both used way too many swirly color transitions.
Where? What tree branch graph?
@@rafaelfcf you cant see it even with good vision
Hooray for my thumbnail, #4!
7:23 is what you call a reverse dragon scale. By no means are you meant to touch it, unless you want a epic battle to the death.
sick east asian mythology reference bro
@@WireMosasaur I was wondering when someone would catch that.
"Our big brains"
Ah yes.
_Humans have big brains._
*y e a h .*
*t h i s i s b i g b r a i n t i m e.*
Technically Neanderthals had a bigger cranial cavity.
It's amazing how life has created some weird and successful creatures. It's sad that one of them (humans) are so very successful that they are changing life itself, for better or worse. Great video. Thanks.
Lonely branches?
My local bank branch is one of them. They won't give me... a loan.
That sounds like your local branch isn't loanly
Maybe I can help, I'm "a loan".
I've fallen so deep into the anti creationism rabbit hold that when I heard this video start with talking about common ancestors I was getting prepped for the creationist argument against it. Its honestly so nice to hear someone talking about this stuff without needing to defend that it is in fact a fact. I could go the rest of my life like this
I know how you feel, you too ex-Christian? 🫂
@@tyler-qr5jn yeah, Baptist specifically
This this this
@@noshame2389 ex-Baptist here too. Finally starting to see my brain relax a little after almost 10 years of deconstruction. We got this!!! But it’s good to be prepared :)
As someone not raised with religion this is so odd..of course it’s fact. It’s mind boggling there are people that actually believe creationist stories. The only times I heard things like that topic it was people making fun of it. Like it wasn’t even worth serious discussion as it was so stupid and silly.
I love being randomly early to videos like this.
Comments pop up pretty quickly
Lmao same
Lol samee
do ya now?
Absolutely
Happy to hear her more mature delivery. She has improved over the last few years. Nice.
8:27
Her: If you had to guess their closest living relative you might say pig or ant eater
Me: I would say kangaroo, they look like kangaroos to me
Her: Their actually closest related to elephants
Me: _huh_
You should have also talked about Sequoiadendron giganteum which is the sole member of the genus Sequoiadendron. (They're the giant redwoods).
Being a lone member of a genus isn't actually that rare. It's notable in humans because of how many there used to be but aren't anymore.
Monospecific genera are VERY common. The video deals with more abrangent taxonomic groups, such as orders, classes and phylums.
P.S.: They say Welwitschia is the only one of their family, but they're actually a monospecific order too, Welwitschiales.
Humans
They also missed Pando, and that's a big miss.
These videos help out so much with school. We Stan 🖤
Could you do an episode about the science of making swords. Like explaining why swords are heated up before being hit. Explain the science of what's happening to the metal when taken to such extremes. I don't see any video out there explaining that. Could be a good episode for you guys. Love the show! Keep up the great work!
Metal is heated so that it can be pounded into shape, or even poured into a mold. Heating things tends to weaken molecular bonds and attractive forces (essentially moving solids closer to a liquid state and liquids closer to a gaseous state) and thus makes them easier to shape. If you are interested in more sword making or metal working, I recommend searching for "quenching and tempering"
Here's a couple links you might find interesting:
th-cam.com/video/6jQ4y0LK1kY/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/UJ_WseTWJJE/w-d-xo.html
Olivia! You were just splendid in this one! 👍🏼😚👌🏼I'd love to have a welwitchia in my house, too - to remind us how frail life can be
I come from Namibia. The Welwitschia is a national symbol of ours, it appears in our coat of arms and our national rugby team is even called the Welwitschias.
Good episode and topic, but my one gripe is with the "tree" of life graphic(s). You might have covered it in another video, but with the "tree" having major branches showing much thicker, central branches for the species that have so far outlived their closer relatives, and/or showing the survivors as the central branches, it implies and adds fuel to a misunderstanding of evolution, and to arguments of evolution deniers. It gives the impression that species that have survived thus far are more highly evolved, or to some people, that those species are the "intentions", "goals", "destined ones", or, "winners" of evolution, which of course aren't actually things that exist. These ideas are common fuel for misunderstandings of evolution, evolution deniers, and/or creationists that more recently concede or pretend to concede to some elements and/or examples of evolution, but deny the rest of it.
Okay. So, what is your solution to that graphic "misrepresentation"?
Simple line diagrams that don't have thicker lines (at very least not having one or more of the same taxonomic level being thicker than its siblings) and none that have the species that happens to have survived to the current point in time, in a straight line from a much larger "branch", "bough", or "trunkc (thus looking more important or destined/designed), not having the currently surviving species in the middle of it extinct relatives which are relegated to the sides. If I remember right SciShow has done what I suggest before. It's certainly very common.
Or more radial diagrams which have also been fairly common for decades.
Or something I haven't seen or don't remember, which remembers to try to check the biases of oneself and the audience.
I didn't call it a misrepresentation.
@@adamnunavumiuq5121 _"I didn't call it a misrepresentation."_
Hence the quotes around the term.
@@adamnunavumiuq5121 They normally _do_ use things like what you're suggesting. The problem here is, it's for a cool poster. Those tend not to be as eye catching.
I, myself, find the dividing line style ones to be far more visually attractive, but I know that, for primarily artistic trees of life, I'm in a minority.
Ya, because if we change the poster the bible thumpers will get it. ./s
7:58 "There just so happened to be that almost no other Squamates existed on New Zealand"
Really just going to ignore all the dope geckos of New Zealand...
Sci Show: This lizard has a third eye! This microorganism has huge jaws like nothing else on Earth!
Us: Can we see them?
SS:*Awkward Big Lebowski Reference*
ha, loved that reference as well
Parietal eyes are pretty common on reptiles and amphibians, and usually don’t look like much. It would have been super cool to see the jaws though.
Poor choice of acronym.
True, especially because pictures of the parietal eye are not hard to come by. I had to look it up, (I had never heard of it, so my natural scepticism set in and demanded another source) there is a solid wikipedia article on it that also includes pictures.
Same. You’d think they’d show it themselves and spare us the search. Even if it is just a weird looking scale
Just recommended your channel to my grandfather. If he actually listens I might have to find another good source of fun facts.
6:34 As she was talking about plants only for quite some time and then said "It might look like a lizard, but its not" for few literal seconds I was like, "Wait, are you saying its a plant and not a lizard??"
Wait, since when are aardvarks ungulates? The video itself says they're relatives to elephants, which would make them afrotherian, rather than boreoeutherian, which is what ungulates are, isn't it? I thought afrotheria had their own group of analogically ungulate-like species called paenungulates, though when I checked, it seems aardvarks aren't those either. Taxonomy's pretty confusing and hard to keep up with, though, so are there recent changes I'm missing?
No, you're right lol. SciShow made another careless error they haven't corrected!
The tuatara’s genome was just sequenced!
12:05 "...it's really the kind of art that pulls the room together."
So it's....a rug?
It is a 'rug of war'.
I'd buy a rug version
All the dude ever wanted was his rug back....
wonderful video, fluent and beautifully enunciated. BRAVO and THANK YOU
You guys NEED to do an episode on Lokiarchaeota, it kind over falls within this subject, but probably because most species remain uncovered, deserves its own episode.
Archeologists in the wake of WWI: clearly, we killed off all the other species in our genus.
Archeologists now: turns out we just didn't need as much food as Neanderthals because we weren't as buff lmao
I enjoyed watching this article. Though the editor seems to have removed all the moments where the presenter takes a breath. That makes the presentation feel like a relentless waterfall, and is tiring to watch as those little pauses are where the viewer assimilates the sentence that's just ended.
Another mono specific taxon would be Xiphias Gladius, the swordfish
Wait, do sailfish only analogically resemble them?
@@jaschabull2365 Sailfish is same family with Marlin and Spearfish.
You are a very complex work of multifaceted fine art. Thank you for an excellent presentation.
Beautiful graphics on this one. Well done!
I'm an evolutionary loner. Living in my bedroom.
Have a lovely Corona summer, then! ❤️ I'd live like you if I could!
With you leftie and righty!
You are not alone.
Aight imma head back to my natural habitat the bedroom
@@jakobraahauge7299 is overrated, I've been inside my house since March and I would love to be able to at least have eye contact with other people.
Hey so when are we going to get limnogathia maerski on Microcomos?
They are so difficult to find, it is almost impossible to find if you don't look specifically for them. I asked James Weiss if he was, but no answer ;)
1:21 Who knew Neanderthals were so cute?
Quite different from earlier representations.
@@marccolten9801 We have gotten much better at living reconstruction than we used to be. I remember when dinosaurs were made to look like someone wrapped the skeleton in papier mache and painted it dull green.
@@OtakuUnitedStudio Did bigotry have anything to do with earlier representations of Neanderhals? I'm not sure bigotry is the word I'm looking for but earlier illustrations showed them as more brutish and animal like. Was that how people wanted them to look, separating them from us?
Perverts like you are why they're in our genome 😄
Loved the artwork on the tree. Beautiful!
I live for this kind of content!!! Taxonomy YEAHHHHH!
When I think of our history of killing off everything around us and poisoning our own environment I always think of the Star Track episode where Q makes Picard defend the human race's right to exist.
While Picard was able to argue in our defense, I'm not sure that was the correct outcome.
In view of our violence, cruelty, arrogance, and carelessness I find it hard to view us as an improve to the universe.
If we could just actually learn from our mistakes it might be different, but at the rate we are going I don't think we will need an all powerful space being to finish us off.
I would like to apologize to the other species for our actions and hope we leave whats left of you a small place to heal.
For a species so amazingly gifted it's depressing to realize how little real good we have achieved.
Yes, I completely agree. In spite all of the fantastic inventions over the years, and more every day, we are far beyond really "needing" any of it - we just don't know how to stop "wanting" it! Gifted, yes. Intelligent use of that gift, not anymore. True empathy has been bred out, and replaced with even more "me, me, me," genes.
That could refer either to the first episode, _Encounter at Farpoint,_ or the last episode, _All Good Things…._ My favorite scene with relevance to this topic is the one in the latter where Q brings Picard to the puddle where Earth life was supposed to first form, but due to them screwing around unwisely with tachyons in the future, a spacetime anomaly has prevented that from ever happening. It was powerful watching Picard's excitement at being able to witness the first Earth life turn to horror as the proteins fall apart.
That's nature for ya! Everyone wants to do that, humans are just more capable
Really enjoyed this video - made a complex subject understandable by someone not in the field - excellent job
2:22 “gorilla gorilla” what a creative name.
The Western Lowland Gorilla has the scientific name "Gorilla Gorilla Gorilla"
That’s his devil fruit
There's many scientific names like that: torpedo torpedo, naja naja, pica pica, bubo bubo...
Crocuta Crocuta
Technically, you're a Homo Sapien Sapien.
That's great it's a poster, but make into a rug, the rug will really pull the room together. :)
I could listen to you all day!!!
Oh nice, 1 minute ago! Notification squad!
This is incredibly intriguing and interesting! Thank you so much for sharing your knowledge and your time! ❤️
Sometimes I find myself thinking how bizarre it is that there once was a time when multiple, more or less equally evolved human species lives alongside each other. Or at least at the same time. And that that was normal for them. Then I remember that of course it's only odd because we homo sapiens are alone today. Life is strange.
There was a time when there were other peoples. We are not able(yet) to pinpoint the exact time, but it is in the Bible. After Cain killed Able and he was cast out of the Land of Nod (still being studied) he said to God 'anyone who finds me will kill me'. Then God said that He would put a'mark' on Cain so he wouldn't be killed. Then he left Nod, found a wife, then had children of his own. Those were probably the ones who are all over the Earth. God doesn't explain EVERY DETAIL, because if you believe and give it some thought, you can understand. Adam and Eve were made special by God, to live in the Garden of Eden. Then Satan disguised himself as a serpent, to gain access to Eden. Then he asked Eve why she wouldn't eat of the tree of knowledge. She told him because God said we would die. What God said was that their souls wouldn't be pure anymore, making them 'die'. Then the serpent told Eve God LIED TO HER, that she wouldn't die. She would have the knowledge of good and evil. He tempted her by distorting God's words. And she was tricked into taking a bite. But Adam, he KNEW HE WAS DISOBEYING GOD. He tried to blame Eve for HIS SIN.(sound familiar?) So God had a good reason to punish all three, because NOW they knew they were naked. Before they sinned by disobeying God, they were PURE. Now tainted with sin, and Adam lying about it, and the serpent (devil, evil) were punished with curses, and Eve was said by God to let the serpent deciever her, she would suffer in childbirth and long for her husband, but he would only long for power(sound familiar, again?). Then they were cast out of Eden (after God made them clothing from the animals) to live in the Land of Nod. There they had Cain and Able. And others after them, who also left and had mates from?..........
@@sheilabilyeu5689 k
Awesome video guys. Excellently presented. 👍 Sweet watch 🤗 ...
How nice to live at the same time as these unique species
I love it when you speak Biology to me 😭
I am a lonely branch on the tree of life
know the feeling pal :(
Everyone died!?
Ksavier Krajewski yes you are dead we are just the hallucinations that come after
Ditto
Thats the problem when you have a genetic mutation ....
Really had to think hard when naming "Gorilla gorilla"
Hey it's slightly better than Ursus Arctus.
It's actually normal in Latin names, since the same word can be a noun and also an adjective with zero modification.
Example: gula gula(lit. "Gluttonous glutton”)
Outstanding in content and delivery
Thanks for the cool video. Keep her doing the videos sci show peoples and I’ll keep watching
so Limnognathia was found in a place called Disko Island. Sounds like a fun place.
It was when I was there 😂😂😂
pulls the room together
ok I might have to buy it just on that
I love Olivia. She's like the cooler older cousin who always tells you something you didn't know
I was disappointed there were almost no sea creatures.
Ribbon eels have a genus all to themselves (Rhinomuraena). The black ribbon eels and the blue/yellow ones were thought to be separate species, but the black ones are just younger ribbon eels.
Orcas are the only recognized extant species in the genus Orcinus.
This video is phenomenal. I love the weirdos
6:03 ah the mitochondria, the powerhouse of the cell
They are also endosymbiotic bacteria
Will you ever talk in depth about fungus?
THANK GOD SOMEONE SAID IT
Living in New Zealand is always a matter of of being in the right place at the right time, whether for tuatara or humans. 😉
Some days I come back to these old Olivia videos. Really miss her as a presenter.
This is the content I subscribe for :)
olivia simply keeps doing _the utmost interesting_ topics! x)
Really enjoyed this episode- the taxonomy explanation on point, very well written
She didn't mention gynogenosis the females of one species can use the gene expression gene promoters and inhibitors . RNAs signals in cell membranes and sections of DNA from another species . but100% the mothers genetic structure
Species of what?
@@501Magnum usually related species
Which species does gynogenesis?
Always interesting, thank you.
That was a great episode! And Olivia was the *Perfect* host with her plant biology background... and I like the option of buying the cute poster at the end instead of a random product being advertised several times throughout (I know you guys need to make money, and try and watch the ads and sort some Patreon etc) it’s just enjoyable 😍 thanks sci show!!!
When ancient humans are depicted in drawings why do they not have really long hair?. I doubt hair trimming was a thing or was it?. I would really like to know. When did we start cutting our hair?.
Pun lovin criminal, other animals don’t cut their hair, so, maybe we didn’t, either. Perhaps we had head hair that grew only to a specific length-like armpits, or, eyebrows. Or, perhaps our diets were just really poor, and, our hair and nails were fragile and broke away easily. I dunno.
Ancient humans didn't have really long hair
@@alternator7893 Have you got any evidence to back that up?.
@@alternator7893 I have researched it a little bit and it depends on how far back in time you go. When humans left Africa they would have naturally short hair due to sweating in a hot climate so short hair would be a advantage evolutionary . People in colder climates would have long hair. If they cut it is unknown.
@@punlovincriminal5564
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_hair
Imagine how bad the world would be today if there were other species of us
It might be better, since we might end up staying stuck in tribal warfare with eachother
Homo sapiens v homo sexual his is a joke
Like how?
Genocide monday
Racism exists within our species so yeah... it would be ruthlessly bad
Yo let's have a quick shout-out for basal fish of the Mississippi
Paddlefish?
They aren't as lonely as you might think, and I'm not talking about their recently extinct cousin. They're in the same suborder as sturgeon.
Great video ♥♥♥! As a horror fan and current TH-camr, I am always looking for fresh ideas!
Great video - most enlightening