I knew a lady who I believe worked at Bletchley during the war. She'd emigrated to Australia, where I knew her but she wouldn't talk about her time there, as she had obviously signed secrecy documents. The only things she would talk about was driving trucks but there was one photo of her standing outside Bletchley that she had. An amazing lady, sadly missed.
Thx Mr S ! Nice vid, I had the privilege of seeing the Manchester machines in the 70s when I was a lad, they were in some rooms at UMIST and we got to see the old drum drive before we went and saw the massive platter drive like a washing machine and the whirring tapes ... A wonderful 6 weekends, all based on Turing's work 😊
This is one of the best videos you have done, Mr S. During basic RAF Officer training, we went to Bletchley. What an amazing experience. We all went knowing what had been achieved but having it explained made the achievements of Turing and the teams even more impressive. I've tried to explain to people how amazing their work and success was but I've never been able to explain it properly. You have nailed it here. Brilliant work! 👍
Sadly no help to him whatsoever. I guess it helps ease the consciences of lawmakers though to NOW forgive him for doing nothing wrong whilst being one of the greatest hero's EVER. It's amazing to me that being gay was ever considered a crime, not just there either. It was also a crime here in Australia. He saved so many lives and yet was forced to take a chemical that killed any sex drive and did who knows what as side effects, depression possibly one or, maybe just the fact he was really the greatest hero ever and they treated him as a criminal and probably a huge number of people treated him like a disgusting creature since people can be very judgemental about anything different about anyone.
Love it. Love it. LOVE IT. Good that you mentioned the sad reasons for Alan's demise. Simon Singh wrote a book back in the nineties called "The Code Book" which if you like this subject is a good read. There is only one bad thing I have to say about this video, sorry. NO mention of "The Guardian" crossword that was used to recruit codebreakers to Bletchley, which was the only reason I was able to make an educated guess at what your enigma encrypted code was.
Thanks for taking us along, Mr. S, and how cool to actually operate the Enigma machine! Bletchley Park an endeavor of genius and infinite patience, juxtaposed with heart-wrenching human drama.
I spent more than 2 hours trying to choose the right video to show to my wife about the Enigma, one that could told a great and engaging story while explaining accurately the technical details, and after plenty of videos with way more views, this one is by far the best of them. Why doesn't this have more views? It's a joy to watch!
I remember them too. The selectors also moved vertically between each digit dial. Elevator (lift) floor selector controls were also similar electro-mechanical devices. Fascinating.
GREAT job, Mr. Sensible! I find this subject matter fascinating, and rather prescient. I'll gladly keep on with the funding to keep this up. Thanks so much!
I can't comprehend the serious amount of thinking that went on in they rooms.. pure genius and vigilance of highest level. They seemingly shortened the war by 4years or something.they have my eternal thanks.
The codebreaking and the basic function of both the Enigma and the Bombe are a fascinating story, but I admit the part that makes me all giddy it the the physical machines themselves. The Enigma is a gorgeous bit of design, and the Bombe machines are impressive not just for the scale and complexity, but also for the fact that they were designed and built from scratch under a deadline of "We need this yesterday". Thank you for sharing the tour with us, that was really neat!
I visited Bletchley Park several years ago, long before the computing museum was established there. I've been meaning to revisit, and I definitely will next year. When I visited, I bought a (very simplified) Enigma decoder disc, which allowed me to code and decode simple messages. I'm sure I still have it somewhere. Alan Turing's treatment should be a cause for shame in British politics and the judiciary at the time. BTW, love the t-shirt 😄
That was so cool Mr. S. Travel isn't as easy or safe as it used to be. Thanks so much for the tour. I'm jealous. Of course The Turing Test is a fundamental idea behind AI
Great job shining a light on Bletchley Park! It is only skimmed over in High School History (at least in the 1970's), and only slightly more in undergraduate History in Universities (again, in the 1980's). But I became familiar studying computer science. We learned all about The Turing Machine of course, still the basis of all modern computing (at least again in the 1980's while I was in school). As well as the Bombe Machine, which is also the basis of modern encryption. It's terrible that most people know little to nothing about the miracles that were accomplished at Bletchley Park. Also, if you haven't yet seen it; "The Pain of Progress" has an excellent episode as well. I would very much like to visit there one day.
2:43 The simplest cipher is a Caesar cipher, where the letters are just shifted. For example, in a Caesar cipher with a right shift of 5, A becomes E, B becomes F, and so forth.
idk wasn't there an even earlier method where you needed to know the diameter of a rod and then wound your long strip of text message around it, so it returned into a specific arrangement which was then legible in a different direction than along the strip?
I can honestly say I am a wee bit green with envy, you have a piece of history I would love to put into my collection! I was back in the day unable to visit the Park, but have it on me bucket list, and when I do make that sojourn I will let you know as I would love to meet the master Logic Cheese Head! Peace
There are electronic replicas of the Enigma machine available, simulating the mechanics in software. I'm seriously considering ordering a kit version...
The first time I saw an enigma was when one was loaned from Bletchley to the Jersey War Tunnels, a location that would have likely housed an enemy enigma during the war.
wonderful video, i wil admit, alot of that went very far over my head, however, i was riveted! thank you for giving me the link to this video! i subbed
I keep wondering, cracking one crib/menu on the bombe reveals the message key for the encryption. But as every message had another message key, how did they get to the daily setting? It the message key the new crib to the daily key?
Well done! You should do more videos like this. Funny, we were talking the movie "The Imitation Game" probably about the same time you were up loading this video.
How did the germans between themselves know, which setting to put the enigma machine on? If there was some kind of pre determined schedule, one would think that these could have been obtained during the war.
You also need to know the following. The decryption procedure for ENIGMA-messages, which was developed by Alan Turing and Gordon Welchman, consists of several steps. The TURING-WELCHMAN-BOMB, i.e. the machine, is only used in one of the several steps. In Bletchley Park an average of around 2800 ENIGMA-messages were decrypted per day. The decryption each of these ENIGMA-messages individually would not have been possible due time constraints. The settings for the ENIGMA-machines, the so-called "Maschinen-Schlüssel" (ENIGMA key list), were changed daily by the Germans!!! These ultra-secret setting values were in code books that only the German-Wehrmacht had access to. In order to be able to decrypt ENIGMA-messages like on an assembly line, the code breakers in Bletchley Park also needed the setting values, this "Maschinen-Schlüssel" is meant. The "Maschinen-Schlüssel" consists of the wheel order, the ring settings and the plug connections on the plug board. The enormous achievement of the code breakers at Bletchley Park was to determine the values of this "Maschinen-Schlüssel" from an intercepted and decrypted ENIGMA-message. Determining the "Maschinen Schlüssel", that changes daily, was therefor the ultimate goal that Bletchley Park had set itself from the very beginning. Once the "Maschinen-Schlüssel) had been determined, it was then completely trouble-free to decrypt ENIGMA-messages for a day, using modified British TYPEX Key machines. I show all of this in my lecture in English "TURING-WELCHMAN-BOMB CRACKED ENIGMA" (Gustav Vogels) here on TH-cam. I prove each of my statements using my own microprocessor-controlled decryption bomb,following the same procedure as Alan Turing and Norman Welchman did.
I love the tech back in the day. Alen found that every day they started their transmissions with the same words. That's what enabled them to decipher the daily codes even faster.
Not all transmissions started or ended the same. But there were things used to help crack that days key. The fact that every German Army unit was required to send a weather report every day came in very handy.
I would LOVE to hear from ANYBODY else who, like me, has NEVER been inspired to go into STEM fields because of any science fiction or other form of entertainment, but I was inspired because of hard rigorous formal public school education, training, plus real history, real technology.
When I heard her say a letter can not be encoded as itself, I thought "Well that might be useful to know" and it was. Good fun video mate. Now decode how a FE brain works....
0:30 wait what? wermacht is army and Luftwaffe is air force.... it can't be both, right? I doubt the Germans used the same classification as the Americans, who didn't have a dedicated Air Force yet so they were folded into "The Army Air Corp." Surely the exact same thing wasn't the case in Germany as well.... am I wrong?
Well done Mr Sensible. A really good video. It is probably worth mentioning that Turing chose chemical castration over imprisonment. Also that he was granted a royal pardon in 2013. If I have a criticism, it would be that the pictures you show when talking about Colossus are actually of "Heath Robinson" which could be considered its predecessor.
watching the lady explain how to backwards the code is fascinating, you can imagine guys with toothbrush mustachios grinning from ear to ear cos their numbers were up in the billions not realising that all you had to do was slide a letter along one, a few times, and presto! jonny nazi: "it vill take the englisher pig dogs eternity to work zis out!!" plucky brits: "bung another rotor on the fire eh?"
@@MrSensibleHistoric I’d call you just to say thanks for the great video. I remember reading where some of the transmissions we broken quicker because some operators began with Heil Hitler.
Dit Dit dah dah dit Dit🤫 I think we used a five or six characters group code in the 80s in the USAF for some of encryption on Morse code and other open over the air comm. of course there were many other encryption devices, codes and equipment. Alan was truly a determined man along with his team. Very very sad what happened to him after the war! A hero for sure! Do you think that they knew he was gay before he was hired for the gig? Cryptologist never die! They just code away!
This was awesome, I will say however that there were a fair few things wrong in the presentation, Turning did not build or design the BOMBE, that was the British Tabulating Machine Company in Letchworth Hertfordshire, about 40 miles up the road from Bletchley, Harold Keen was the chief engineer at that company, he interpreted Turing's algorithms to create the BOMBE machines, for which they produced around 200, we don't have the exact number as it was a war time secret long after the disclosure of the Bombe, the presentation did not go into detail of how the machines actually worked, nor do they discuss the electromechanical algorithms of the rotors, brushes, shifters or how in turn the system allowed them to come up with "one" of the plug board settings, as the machines could only do so much, they don't discuss how the machine made automated deductions, how it's difference engine worked based upon pure logic, the looping system, the menu system found at the back of the machine, this is what allowed the machine to be set up to allow the Bombe to run a new decode directly after one had been completed, I imagine they did discuss this in the tour, at least a little but I feel as if they skipped the really interesting stuff to move the tour along, its a shame, also, the machine did not "search" for things as the lady in the presentation says, rather, it runs through logical contradictions based around logic loops, when it can't find any more after a set amount of loops or it finds a confirmation within the algorithm it stops, the electromechanical side of the machine is completely logic based, numbers are not required, its only the pre-setup and application that does that, that was done by MI5!
Sorry but I can't take this any longer. This nice lady is trying to explain the Enigma and Bombe machines against what sounds like five TV sets turned on, or a couple of films being shown, plus people coughing, talking and kids making noises. First up she's talking from behind a face mask and then behind a sheet of Perspex, apparently in another room with the Bombe. The nice lady has a good speaking voice and she's trying hard but there's just too much being lost. Put the volume up and the background noise is worse. You've got 11.4K subscribers, why didn't they just give you a private talk in silence before the guided tours started. Good thing I know quite a bit about these machines. I feel sorry for any 'listener' trying to learn about these fascinating machines for the first time. If you got yourself a really good microphone and a sound editing app for your computer you could improve the sound yourself. Please don't torture us for the sake of a video devoid of intelligible information. Cheers, BH
What his own government did to Turing is morally and criminally reprehensible. During this celebration of Pride Month, this video is another stirring reminder - not that we should need another reason - of why we need to ensure complete freedom for all LGBTQ+ persons
Very interesting video!!!!!!!!!!!!
I knew a lady who I believe worked at Bletchley during the war. She'd emigrated to Australia, where I knew her but she wouldn't talk about her time there, as she had obviously signed secrecy documents. The only things she would talk about was driving trucks but there was one photo of her standing outside Bletchley that she had. An amazing lady, sadly missed.
Very cool Mr Sensible. Very cool!
Thx Mr S ! Nice vid, I had the privilege of seeing the Manchester machines in the 70s when I was a lad, they were in some rooms at UMIST and we got to see the old drum drive before we went and saw the massive platter drive like a washing machine and the whirring tapes ... A wonderful 6 weekends, all based on Turing's work 😊
Excellent video, very educational..
This is one of the best videos you have done, Mr S.
During basic RAF Officer training, we went to Bletchley. What an amazing experience. We all went knowing what had been achieved but having it explained made the achievements of Turing and the teams even more impressive.
I've tried to explain to people how amazing their work and success was but I've never been able to explain it properly. You have nailed it here. Brilliant work! 👍
Thanks paul
What an absolutely fantastic show!
I have never seen such a clear explanation of how the Enigma machine. 👍
At least Turing was finally given a Royal pardon, I guess 60 years late is better than never
Sadly no help to him whatsoever. I guess it helps ease the consciences of lawmakers though to NOW forgive him for doing nothing wrong whilst being one of the greatest hero's EVER.
It's amazing to me that being gay was ever considered a crime, not just there either. It was also a crime here in Australia. He saved so many lives and yet was forced to take a chemical that killed any sex drive and did who knows what as side effects, depression possibly one or, maybe just the fact he was really the greatest hero ever and they treated him as a criminal and probably a huge number of people treated him like a disgusting creature since people can be very judgemental about anything different about anyone.
Love it. Love it. LOVE IT. Good that you mentioned the sad reasons for Alan's demise. Simon Singh wrote a book back in the nineties called "The Code Book" which if you like this subject is a good read.
There is only one bad thing I have to say about this video, sorry.
NO mention of "The Guardian" crossword that was used to recruit codebreakers to Bletchley, which was the only reason I was able to make an educated guess at what your enigma encrypted code was.
I agree absolutely regarding Simon Singh's book
One of the greatest breakthroughs in history
What a bunch of hero’s, that team was.
Marian Rejewski, Henryk Zygalski and Jerzy Różycki ,,Bomba Rejewskiego”
Thanks for taking us along, Mr. S, and how cool to actually operate the Enigma machine! Bletchley Park an endeavor of genius and infinite patience, juxtaposed with heart-wrenching human drama.
Mark, I had a very brief go on it a few years back, this time around 30 minutes one on one exploration and explanation of it.
@@MrSensibleHistoric Right on.
Thanks for this other type of video! I would appreciate even more content of this type.
Nifty AF !
Great video sir! Well done.
Went to Bletchley. Really good museum
Thank you for this video Mr S. What a story. Should never be forgotten.
Awesome video! Thank you for posting.
I spent more than 2 hours trying to choose the right video to show to my wife about the Enigma, one that could told a great and engaging story while explaining accurately the technical details, and after plenty of videos with way more views, this one is by far the best of them.
Why doesn't this have more views? It's a joy to watch!
All those uniselectors spinning reminds me of looking in through the telephone exchange window when we were kids.
Yup, both are incredible examples of electromechanical devices.
@@Justin.Franks indeed.
I remember them too. The selectors also moved vertically between each digit dial. Elevator (lift) floor selector controls were also similar electro-mechanical devices. Fascinating.
@@clivedavis6859 yes indeed
I can imagine visiting that museum. My wife would have to drag me out.
So awesome! I love this kind of stuff!
Amazing. I visited the museum about fifteen years ago and there was just a fraction of what is now on display. I must go back again.
GREAT job, Mr. Sensible! I find this subject matter fascinating, and rather prescient. I'll gladly keep on with the funding to keep this up. Thanks so much!
I can't comprehend the serious amount of thinking that went on in they rooms.. pure genius and vigilance of highest level. They seemingly shortened the war by 4years or something.they have my eternal thanks.
Well done Sir. A good video, going more into how the work was done.
The codebreaking and the basic function of both the Enigma and the Bombe are a fascinating story, but I admit the part that makes me all giddy it the the physical machines themselves. The Enigma is a gorgeous bit of design, and the Bombe machines are impressive not just for the scale and complexity, but also for the fact that they were designed and built from scratch under a deadline of "We need this yesterday". Thank you for sharing the tour with us, that was really neat!
Excellent video mr.sensible. 👍
very interesting - well done.
Also your gift is one of the very first transistors! I would love to have that as well! 😉
How did you know this is one of my favorite topics? THANX! ;-)
Wow what a video Mr S!!! Incredible Topic
Thank you kindly!
I've been waiting for this, and coincidentally watched The Imitation Game last night. Thanks Mr. S. 👌
I visited Bletchley Park several years ago, long before the computing museum was established there. I've been meaning to revisit, and I definitely will next year.
When I visited, I bought a (very simplified) Enigma decoder disc, which allowed me to code and decode simple messages. I'm sure I still have it somewhere.
Alan Turing's treatment should be a cause for shame in British politics and the judiciary at the time.
BTW, love the t-shirt 😄
6:45 That diagram is the clearest & easiest explanation of enigma I've ever seen.
Thank you! Was a bit time consuming for me but I was happy with the result.
More like this sir
That was so cool Mr. S. Travel isn't as easy or safe as it used to be. Thanks so much for the tour. I'm jealous. Of course The Turing Test is a fundamental idea behind AI
Great job shining a light on Bletchley Park! It is only skimmed over in High School History (at least in the 1970's), and only slightly more in undergraduate History in Universities (again, in the 1980's). But I became familiar studying computer science. We learned all about The Turing Machine of course, still the basis of all modern computing (at least again in the 1980's while I was in school). As well as the Bombe Machine, which is also the basis of modern encryption. It's terrible that most people know little to nothing about the miracles that were accomplished at Bletchley Park. Also, if you haven't yet seen it; "The Pain of Progress" has an excellent episode as well. I would very much like to visit there one day.
2:43 The simplest cipher is a Caesar cipher, where the letters are just shifted. For example, in a Caesar cipher with a right shift of 5, A becomes E, B becomes F, and so forth.
idk wasn't there an even earlier method where you needed to know the diameter of a rod and then wound your long strip of text message around it, so it returned into a specific arrangement which was then legible in a different direction than along the strip?
@@Ugly_German_Truths The scytale. Used by the Greeks and Spartans.
Very interesting
Such incredible clever people
I can honestly say I am a wee bit green with envy, you have a piece of history I would love to put into my collection! I was back in the day unable to visit the Park, but have it on me bucket list, and when I do make that sojourn I will let you know as I would love to meet the master Logic Cheese Head! Peace
There are electronic replicas of the Enigma machine available, simulating the mechanics in software. I'm seriously considering ordering a kit version...
The first time I saw an enigma was when one was loaned from Bletchley to the Jersey War Tunnels, a location that would have likely housed an enemy enigma during the war.
wonderful video, i wil admit, alot of that went very far over my head, however, i was riveted! thank you for giving me the link to this video!
i subbed
Glad you enjoyed it!And welcome to the channel!
I keep wondering, cracking one crib/menu on the bombe reveals the message key for the encryption. But as every message had another message key, how did they get to the daily setting? It the message key the new crib to the daily key?
Well done! You should do more videos like this. Funny, we were talking the movie "The Imitation Game" probably about the same time you were up loading this video.
I'm so going to make one of them bomb machines now... simple. 😊
Tremendously interesting, only I was supposed to be working and ended up watching this instead. Still, thanks Mr S.
How did the germans between themselves know, which setting to put the enigma machine on? If there was some kind of pre determined schedule, one would think that these could have been obtained during the war.
Captain Ridley’s Shooting Party were a great bunch
30:52 "the indicator on these gold and black drums"
Those are clearly white and blue.
Its brass and paxolin
You also need to know the following.
The decryption procedure for ENIGMA-messages, which was developed by Alan Turing and Gordon Welchman, consists of several steps. The TURING-WELCHMAN-BOMB, i.e. the machine, is only used in one of the several steps.
In Bletchley Park an average of around 2800 ENIGMA-messages were decrypted per day. The decryption each of these ENIGMA-messages individually would not have been possible due time constraints.
The settings for the ENIGMA-machines, the so-called "Maschinen-Schlüssel" (ENIGMA key list), were changed daily by the Germans!!! These ultra-secret setting values were in code books that only the German-Wehrmacht had access to.
In order to be able to decrypt ENIGMA-messages like on an assembly line, the code breakers in Bletchley Park also needed the setting values, this "Maschinen-Schlüssel" is meant.
The "Maschinen-Schlüssel" consists of the wheel order, the ring settings and the plug connections on the plug board.
The enormous achievement of the code breakers at Bletchley Park was to determine the values of this "Maschinen-Schlüssel" from an intercepted and decrypted ENIGMA-message.
Determining the "Maschinen Schlüssel", that changes daily, was therefor the ultimate goal that Bletchley Park had set itself from the very beginning.
Once the "Maschinen-Schlüssel) had been determined, it was then completely trouble-free to decrypt ENIGMA-messages for a day, using modified British TYPEX Key machines.
I show all of this in my lecture in English "TURING-WELCHMAN-BOMB CRACKED ENIGMA" (Gustav Vogels) here on TH-cam. I prove each of my statements using my own microprocessor-controlled decryption bomb,following the same procedure as Alan Turing and Norman Welchman did.
I love the tech back in the day. Alen found that every day they started their transmissions with the same words. That's what enabled them to decipher the daily
codes even faster.
The version I've heard is that every message began with, or ended with, praise for a certain Austrian painter.
Not all transmissions started or ended the same.
But there were things used to help crack that days key. The fact that every German Army unit was required to send a weather report every day came in very handy.
I would LOVE to hear from ANYBODY else who, like me, has NEVER been inspired to go into STEM fields because of any science fiction or other form of entertainment, but I was inspired because of hard rigorous formal public school education, training, plus real history, real technology.
When I heard her say a letter can not be encoded as itself, I thought "Well that might be useful to know" and it was.
Good fun video mate.
Now decode how a FE brain works....
0:30 wait what? wermacht is army and Luftwaffe is air force.... it can't be both, right? I doubt the Germans used the same classification as the Americans, who didn't have a dedicated Air Force yet so they were folded into "The Army Air Corp." Surely the exact same thing wasn't the case in Germany as well.... am I wrong?
I think he means that the device was the type used by both services.
Used by both.
Also it was used by the Kriegsmarine.
@@The_Elmigs Though the kriegsmarine used an additional rotor adding a whole different level of difficulty to decrypting their codes
@@johnfairhurstReviews The Waffen SS also used the three-rotor version of the Enigma.
Well done Mr Sensible. A really good video. It is probably worth mentioning that Turing chose chemical castration over imprisonment. Also that he was granted a royal pardon in 2013.
If I have a criticism, it would be that the pictures you show when talking about Colossus are actually of "Heath Robinson" which could be considered its predecessor.
I still like the R4 comedy series set there "Hut 33".
watching the lady explain how to backwards the code is fascinating, you can imagine guys with toothbrush mustachios grinning from ear to ear cos their numbers were up in the billions not realising that all you had to do was slide a letter along one, a few times, and presto!
jonny nazi: "it vill take the englisher pig dogs eternity to work zis out!!"
plucky brits: "bung another rotor on the fire eh?"
Very cool, however I can’t find answer for how did they knew at that time that enigma can’t produce the letter to itself 😅
Haven't people got the decency to turn their phones OFF? Heared several in the background.....
I was going to agree as it is annoying... and then realised mine was on. But then, I don't have any friends that call me!
@@MrSensibleHistoric I’d call you just to say thanks for the great video. I remember reading where some of the transmissions we broken quicker because some operators began with Heil Hitler.
@@Sherwoody thank you!
Dit Dit dah dah dit Dit🤫 I think we used a five or six characters group code in the 80s in the USAF for some of encryption on Morse code and other open over the air comm. of course there were many other encryption devices, codes and equipment.
Alan was truly a determined man along with his team. Very very sad what happened to him after the war! A hero for sure! Do you think that they knew he was gay before he was hired for the gig?
Cryptologist never die! They just code away!
This was awesome, I will say however that there were a fair few things wrong in the presentation, Turning did not build or design the BOMBE, that was the British Tabulating Machine Company in Letchworth Hertfordshire, about 40 miles up the road from Bletchley, Harold Keen was the chief engineer at that company, he interpreted Turing's algorithms to create the BOMBE machines, for which they produced around 200, we don't have the exact number as it was a war time secret long after the disclosure of the Bombe, the presentation did not go into detail of how the machines actually worked, nor do they discuss the electromechanical algorithms of the rotors, brushes, shifters or how in turn the system allowed them to come up with "one" of the plug board settings, as the machines could only do so much, they don't discuss how the machine made automated deductions, how it's difference engine worked based upon pure logic, the looping system, the menu system found at the back of the machine, this is what allowed the machine to be set up to allow the Bombe to run a new decode directly after one had been completed, I imagine they did discuss this in the tour, at least a little but I feel as if they skipped the really interesting stuff to move the tour along, its a shame, also, the machine did not "search" for things as the lady in the presentation says, rather, it runs through logical contradictions based around logic loops, when it can't find any more after a set amount of loops or it finds a confirmation within the algorithm it stops, the electromechanical side of the machine is completely logic based, numbers are not required, its only the pre-setup and application that does that, that was done by MI5!
Love it. It's a nice break from the flat earth fools.
What do you mean? ;-)
@@BigHeretic Muffin!
26 Factorial is 403.3 Trillion Trillion. Thanks Alexa
Sorry but I can't take this any longer. This nice lady is trying to explain the Enigma and Bombe machines against what sounds like five TV sets turned on, or a couple of films being shown, plus people coughing, talking and kids making noises. First up she's talking from behind a face mask and then behind a sheet of Perspex, apparently in another room with the Bombe. The nice lady has a good speaking voice and she's trying hard but there's just too much being lost. Put the volume up and the background noise is worse. You've got 11.4K subscribers, why didn't they just give you a private talk in silence before the guided tours started. Good thing I know quite a bit about these machines. I feel sorry for any 'listener' trying to learn about these fascinating machines for the first time. If you got yourself a really good microphone and a sound editing app for your computer you could improve the sound yourself. Please don't torture us for the sake of a video devoid of intelligible information. Cheers, BH
The 1940s Blockchain machine?
What his own government did to Turing is morally and criminally reprehensible. During this celebration of Pride Month, this video is another stirring reminder - not that we should need another reason - of why we need to ensure complete freedom for all LGBTQ+ persons