StarTalk Podcast: Designer Babies & AI, with Neil deGrasse Tyson
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 4 ก.ย. 2019
- On this episode of StarTalk Radio, we explore the world of bioethics. Neil deGrasse Tyson, comic co-host Paul Mecurio, and NYU bioethicist, author, and philosopher Matthew Liao answer fan-submitted Cosmic Queries about bioethical dilemmas, artificial intelligence, human experimentation, and much more.
To start, Matthew gives us a proper definition of bioethics. Matthew tells us whether he thinks he acts more ethically just because he’s a bioethicist…or if he’s actually even less ethical. Find out the importance of measuring trust in bioethical issues, and examine the moral limits of scientific experimentation. Learn more about “The Belmont Report,” the infamous “The Tuskegee Study of Untreated Syphilis in the Negro Male,” and the horrific experimentation done by the Nazis.
Matthew explains why getting vaccinated is a part of our public duty. Discover more about “threshold deontology” and whether the limits of human experimentation are stagnant or if they change over time. Neil brings up The Secret of Santa Vittoria, and we examine the film’s bioethical themes.
Next, we ponder if DNA and gene editing will continue to grow and develop in our society. Is CRISPR a good thing? We discuss “designer babies” and modifying personalities. You’ll learn if there are any regulatory committees to oversee this field, and Matthew tells us how we will have to navigate the repercussions of genetic inequality if the field continues to grow. He also tells us what his factors are in deciding what’s good and bad when it comes to modifying organisms genetically.
You’ll also hear how religion and natural law fits into the bioethics discussion. We explore the dangers of introducing artificial intelligence into the field of medicine, and whether there will be less need for doctors with the rise in AI technology. All that, plus, we debate if there will ever be attempts to combine human DNA with animal DNA.
This originally aired as an episode of StarTalk Radio on June 28, 2019.
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Science meets pop culture on StarTalk! Astrophysicist & Hayden Planetarium director Neil deGrasse Tyson, his comic co-hosts, guest celebrities & scientists discuss astronomy, physics, and everything else about life in the universe. Keep Looking Up!
#Bioethics #StarTalk #Science - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
What are your thoughts on gene editing?
I'm on board, if directed by the "right" people.
Makes me think of the movie Gattica
We will try and we will fail and as long as we are destroyed by our own endeavors, we will save ourselves from being replaced by machines.
Is Gene a good editor? If so I say give him a shot.
Is there any possible way biological organisms even combined with CRISP or other methods to improve our own genes of us remaining on the top of the intellectual hierarchy?
Who’s here because Neil is awesome 😎
i was looking for Chuck Nice
@@JamaaLKellbass me too!! Where is he?!
Where ever Neil is I will be there.. Best Teacher Ever!!!
@@JamaaLKellbass who is Chuck Nice?
Im here after witnessing his podcast on Joe Rogan. I like Neil, but he was plain rude
I'm from Tuskegee, Alabama, went to Tuskegee University, majored in biology. Glad you guys said something about the Syphilis Study because that was very unethical what they did to African Americans.
Really goes to show how bad African Americans were treated back then.
@@Three3Phase
Humans are hypocrite con artists by nature. All the fancy laws are meant to cover that up.
Also underscores why the war was really fought.
Brit jealousy of the german.
Anti racism and "freeing world" from German empire-dreams is propaganda (to get dumb hillbillies to fight) and post war myth.
I think they could have delve deeper into the Tuskegee report and what the German scientist did during the 30's & 40's . Because what wasn't spoken about was that the Nazis information that was found out by doing these unethical tests were used by the world afterwards . Also during the Tuskegee report where Doctor employed by our government ( The United States OF America) . Tested on humans , that was law abiding citizens of their country , and only being tied with each other through location , Race , Economic status ( Poor) , and Educational Status . Not only did they allow Syphilis to exist in the test subject , they also allowed him or her to affect there spouses , girlfriends or boyfriend's . Until the entire community was stricken with this disease , A curable disease by this time . The only thing that stopped this test was World War 2 ! When This same government began recruiting and drafting these same young men to fight and die for thier ,( our country) . They found that a large abnormal amount of these men were all coming in with syphilis ! So much so that the Army put a spot light on what was happening there , which outted the program and finally put a stop to it . The last case being a man who was part of the study who died due to complications of the long term affection with syphilis in the late 50's .. This was a very dark time for this country and what it did to her citizens or to human beings period . What's really shocking is that you won't find this in a school book or ever hear a teacher bring this up in class , unless you're in a very progressive school . So history if not known is doomed to repeat it self , over and over and over ... Where is the new Tuskegee study now ?? And what part of our government is funding it ? Instead of using Doctor's as they did before are they now using the police force ?? Sounds crazy , unbelievable even. But if someone was to say 10 yrs. Ago that a black man would be murdered in broad day light by a Officer of the law in the function of his duty , by placing his knee to his neck until he stopped breathing , then put cuffs on him and then put him in a emergency vehicle, after death ? Then you multiply that incident a dozen times over across the country in just a 2 yr. Period , I would have never believed it , but here we are , and there it is , for the world to see ...
Thank you Neil for correcting Liao about the Tuskegee Syphilis Study @12:00.
biologyprodigy that dudes supposed to be the expert but he hasnt learned about medical racism?!
There's no way to be politically correct when discussing topics like that. He seemed scared to be honest.
If possible can you get Brian Cox on the show...
Love him 2
Hey they had brought him on the show.. It was years ago when they were not making these videos. I think you can still find the talk on their main podcast that is startalkradio.. I still remember listening to Brian on the show it was really awesome..
I was wondering why nobody referenced the movie Gatica. It was about Two brothers, one born naturally and one born as a designer baby. It fits perfectly with this episode.
GATTACA*
Oh, and preemptive thank you, Mr. D! & Startalk staff for speaking out...
love what you guys are doing! keep up the good work!
A great discussion with a great atmosphere to compliment it.
Great Show everyone... really inspires some deep thinking. Good job.
Thanks for watching!
Thank you Neil for your videos and educating me . Fun guy , great vibes and an absolute genius . I appreciate you
Hi Neil as always great topics. I'm an Internist and a pilot . On the question of the choice between the button or the pilot on the airplane, I have a thought. Boeing 737 Max. Cheers !
Dude, do you think Neil is reading and replying to you? LOL
@@libertylatenight3657 Dude, do you think Rene is reading and replying to you? LOL
P Swizzle Production ..... i like your style
That was a great episode!
My grandfather was an aerospace engineer. Put the men on the moon. He worked for NASA. Lets love the old people that we discount. He was more interested on space travel than most people today. He understood that space travel was impossible, when people thought it wasnt. 1950 and 1960s he knew more than we know. I would love if u talk was more about the intelligence of people
Honestly just sitting around in a quaint yet rich environment, speaking with kind and intelligent individuals and sharing a laugh or two, that’s what this is and that’s all I want to have in life. No less, no more.
Exactly my thoughts 😂
Bioethics is one of the best topics for a conversation among individuals with an open mind. Really interesting and cool topic!
I like how invested Paul is into whatever the topic is, asks his own questions, and draws from the conversation. He seems genuinely interested. I feel represented when he is on the show lol.
He insulted the guest a few times though
Love Paul and all of you😀
I'm STARDUST ..
My favourite format! :D
Just for you!
@@StarTalk Thank you for your kindness, oh, and for producing and sharing this of course as well. : >
It's not really that complicated, for some things at least.
If you have the technological power to eliminate NEGATIVE, and i mean objectively NEGATIVE aspecs of a human body, then it is objectively ethically wrong to choose NOT to eliminate those negatives.
I'm talking about cancer, alzheimers, even aging itself. Any "flaw" in the human genome that leads to death and suffering, is by definition ethical to fight against. Because we're for the protection of life.
I agree with the above statement. Detrimental effects should be 'edited' out of our Genes ( such as Cancer, and other gene related illnesses ) when and if we gain the knowledge to do so. But on the other hand, selectively editing for specific traits (blue eyes, blonde hair, etc) is unethical and should have a set of rules, guidelines, and 'laws' against such manipulation of Genes. In a manner of speaking, I am 'for' the genetic 'lottery' which promotes gene mutations and can result in new traits that may be beneficial to our species, but I am 'against' gene manipulation that narrows the chances for such beneficial gene creations. I do not feel we will be competent to take our evolution into our own hands for at least hundreds, if not thousands of years yet.
We do everything for betterment of human life as the highest priority. As Bioethics progresses, we should consider the ethics to sustain biodiversity. A world with too many humans thanks to human bio-perfection sounds appalling to me.
being ugly also causes suffering so it is ethical to edit aesthetic genes.
@@TeddyKrimsony 'beauty' is subject to change, like fashion, and other aspects of civilized life. At one time, a woman was considered to be beautiful if they were, what we now consider to be fat. Cod Pieces have not come back into fashion, but they could. Males no longer wear high heels to look taller, to be more 'masculine', etc. So, beauty and ugliness are subject to what the current era thinks is good, or bad looking. Not something one would want to have to constantly re-edit one's gene for. Thus, editing for beauty is not wise.
@@TeddyKrimsony
"being ugly also causes suffering so it is ethical to edit aesthetic genes."
Yes.
Great person and great subjects
Who defines perfection? What is it in humans?
I noticed the one guy try (probably unknowingly) to 'clean up' history, and Neil was very quick to politely keep him honest, and not leave out the African American element of the Tuskegee study.
Heard it already on their Podcast! 😄
Neil Degrasse Tyson is the G.O.A.T of the sound bite!!! The proposed lightning round proves this!
Trust is the union of intelligence and integrity.
"perfection within inperfection, is perfection in itself...! "
Hello sir
I am your big fan
I respect you a lot and I am blessed that I am able to see your videos
Huge respect sir
😂
Aww
On the mechanical dial issue, my dash board isn't working properly and sometimes doesn't turn on at all, I have noticed that when it turns back on it has not added the miles I did while it was off!!!! My car has done about 100 miles more than it says on the dash!!
[Magical Mystery-By Pooa]
1 Hidden behind the walls of white,
2 Suspended in fluid that gives me Life.
3 Up and down, through memory lane i travel,
4 Nothing beneath my feet-no grass, no gravel.
5 I play with things that are sometimes frightening,
6 but the thing i love most, is that i play with lightning.
7 Electricity is used as my main source of power,
8 But use it too much, and the core will go sour.
9 I live in darkness, yet i am still sane,
10 They call me the King, "I am....Your Brain."
-Pooa
I view these guest like a heavyweight matchup. This guy is tough on the inside, have to respect it.
i was expecting Neil to name the Tardigrade as the animal to be spliced with
The scenario of oil companies tempering with the oil level gauge is already happening with the computer printers. My inkjet printer constantly reminds me of low ink level even when the cartridges are new.
16:18 - 16:25 I'm surprised during this part he didn't quote Spock and say the needs of the many out way the needs of the few or the one.
Estás charlas están en español??
Paul Mercurio is a good co-host
I am sure it has been mentioned, but he kept moving away from the mic and it was hard to hear him for most of his replies :(
21:38 While he is undoubtably larger than the average person due to the influence of his genes, his ability to begin and continue to fulfill a very influential social role which necessitates exercise is a major aspect to his reign on the court. I also find it fascinating when there are forms of statistical or scientific discrimination which people break through, sometimes resulting in a new edge that they have on the competition. I think that this was the case with Usain Bolt's irregular height- which likely was a negative influence until people starting realizing his unique advantage.
Hello sir, plizz tell me how can I retain most of the information which I studied from books or from any other sources
You cant...........practice what you learn dont memorize it. Humans cant memorize but we are fed lies that we can. All we can do is pattern recognition and the ability to look into past and future to articulate thought process. Everything you studied must be interconnected to bring out at your will or else it is just useless information for the time being. continue connecting the dots. Always ask deeper question.
I belive the threshold he is refering to is the "Godzilla Threshold". Its an intresting concept.
Comet Encke or
Encke's Comet (official designation: 2P/Encke) is a periodic comet that
completes an orbit of the Sun once every 3.3 years. (This is the
shortest period of a reasonably bright comet; the faint main-belt comet
311P/PANSTARRS has a period of 3.2 years.) Encke was first recorded by Pierre
Méchain in 1786, but it was not recognized as a periodic comet until 1819 when
its orbit was computed by Johann Franz Encke; like Halley's Comet, it is
unusual in being named after the calculator of its orbit rather than its
discoverer. Like most comets, it has a very low albedo, reflecting only 4.6% of
the light it receives. The diameter of the nucleus of Encke's Comet is 4.8
km.[
Inclination 11.76°
Massive meteor
lights up St. Louis sky
th-cam.com/video/XegflVPH1vY/w-d-xo.html
The R33 is a
provincial route in South Africa that connects Pietermaritzburg with Lephalale
via Greytown, Paulpietersburg, Carolina, Belfast and Vaalwater.
It is a very long road, passing through 3 provinces (Limpopo, Mpumalanga and
KwaZulu-Natal).
25:50 Eugenics was also proposed by Plato in The Republic and he provided the same arguments for it: if we breed animals to make their population more desirable, why shouldn't we do this for humans as well.
30:53 I'll have to disagree with you on that one. Because there is no such thing as the perfect person, or at least not in any clearly definable sense. No matter how many traits you think of breeding into your designed baby there's still going to be that one thing you didn't think about. And because of the complex and unpredictable nature of life even the most enhanced human is still going to face challenges in life. Sure, the challenges they face are going to be on a totally different level, but they will have challenges to overcome.
Only a perfect being can design a perfect being, and since the designer is human we can agree, I hope, that they are not perfect. So the engineered baby won't be perfect either.
In Australia, a Black Civilization had been there for centuries. One man in Adelaide University said that the Aboriginal was not really human because they don’t speak English. It took a DNA test to say that they really were human
"hypotheticals such as 'is the insurance company out to cheat you'"? (not exact transcription) That's hypothetical?
Lol I like this group ALOT
Please do another one with new guests on Gene Editing!
You are a true American making subjects like these accessable to people without the education needed to fully understand them!!!
There is a hospital for children with leukemia would be cared for as long as possible.
yeah this guy is no expert
Neil, I love that you have Adam Savage's book on the coffee table in your office.
Better than asking " is threshold deontology ethical? ", let's ask first " is it ethical to judge who lives and who dies? " or even better " do we deserve to live to someone's detriment?"
15:32 "The needs of the many........."
Natural evolution has done so well for us humans. We shouldn't try to take shortcuts in genetics. We shouldn't do things before we are born. We should all just stay positive, and try to spread positive influence.
On Tuesday, rains
helped bring the seasonal high tides known as acqua alta to near record levels,
just seven centimeters short of what was seen during the historic floods of
1966.
Venice’s Archbishop
Francesco Moraglia told reporters that winds were seen whipping up waves on the
square and that the famous Basilica of the same name also flooded Tuesday for
just the sixth time in twelve centuries - the fifth time was in 2018.
'We have an obligation to not harm other people'??
Nothing in life has provided me with even the faintest bit of reinforcement for that statement.
When organizations exist and get away with tremendously villainous acts.
what happened to your lil studio setup yall had
Here's a great question: since we now know that all humans are 99.9% genetically the same, per the human genome project, is not using race-based medical science unethical?
They still train med students (to this day) to select the race options on machines, which then calculate different reading outputs based on the race input chosen.
The name of the episode was changed?
great
17:22 - The aim should be to never kill anyone, and find a solution which saves everyone. You shouldn't go in to it thinking well, what is acceptable risk. Zero is acceptable risk, that is what you should be aiming for. It reminds me of that star trek film. Where Spoke says you should accept that you might not be able to save everyone. No, no you should not. You should aim to save all. This film clip: th-cam.com/video/qs0J2F3ErMc/w-d-xo.html
"the real achievers have overcome things". Rather, more and more have inherited their achievements. Read "Capital in the Twenty-First Century" by Piketty
You guys should ask OpenAI playground some of your best cosmic questions!
Why do a lot of people always bring "playing god" when the subject always hit their beliefs e.g designer babies, gmos, etc.? The discussion is about ethics about science and idk how god is relevant in bioethical discussions.
It's relevant because only humans have ethics and God is by product of the latter.
Because it explains biology in man and woman better than science does. Lol
living_dead_guy_222 bro what’re you even talking about lol. God explains biology? Let’s use Christianity as an example “woman came from a mans rib”, that explains biology? Tf are you smoking?
prod. nishg what gives you the right to discriminate against someone’s religious beliefs?
One of the most important modern ethical theories is Habermas's discursive ethics which says that everytime a decision is made and can impact other people, their beliefs and interests must be taken into account before taking any decision i.e. deciding a path moving forward with gene editing. His theory provides a solid argument as to why other people's religious beliefs and other values may have an important role in ethical debates.
Earliest ive ever been here!!
Designer Children?
SIGN ME UP!!
I've been around enough children to know that plenty of room exists for improvement.
So yes, please cut, copy and paste my genetic code as needed to encourage my better traits, like my inimitable intelligence, my envy-enducing handsomeness, and my multitudinous other positive attributes; And, while you're already there, go ahead and lessen the probability that my worse traits will dominate my children, especially the really bad ones like my overabundance of humility, my weaknesses for babies and puppies, and my antiquated, chauvinistic, gentlemanly good manners.
So, where do I sign, and how soon do we start this work?
The needs of the many, outweigh the need of the few, or the one.
Mmmmmm yes we have to have reason Neil on point
What ever happened to GM egg Eve who was born in Israel in the early 2000s, she should be a teenager now??
Love to get an answer or update on her....cheers!
unrelated......Mr Lao`s microphone stand setup is restrictive.
I'm a Dialysis patient, and i think that gene therapy could solve a lot of problems, like fixing damaged organs, improving someones genetic setup and making them better Humans.
Francis Loddo gene editing doesn’t work on grown up adults. You do it at the time of in vitro conception.
If you have problems with kidneys, kidney failure , your choice in future could be new kidney grown in the lab from your own stem cells.
"Better" is relative and a crux of the issue.
I’m stunned at Neil’s comment that airplanes are designed not to be flown. Fly by wire and autopilot systems are there, but, manual flying is alive and well. Manually flying is routinely used especially in emergency situations. Just ask Sully, Neil Armstrong, and Chuck Yeager to name a few.
From jamaica
"We need a gene for rational thought" I will give that an ironic amen.
@@patrickmulopo7957
Is why people live unconsciously in a constant state of reaction.
example of money versus ethics: B737 Max.
Neil when you tell the guest to “remind people what this means” please let them finish or just start out by you telling us what it means. It’s hard to watch when you ask them to explain, but then you just end up interrupting and explaining halfway through them talking.
hankyboy42594 I think it’s “ host talking-over-the-guest” syndrome”. Most hosts do this . And I agree it’s pretty much annoying . But I love Neil .
When harm to one person causes harm to millions....is it worth it? Is a simple truth, covered in lies, easier to ignore because the truth may cause others discomfort? Is the truth, imprisoned by lies, the most egregious, or the lies, which harbor disdain for the truth?
If we don't change our priorities with this new tech, we won't be alive long enough to see designer babies graduate. I'm trying to have a habitable future. I don't care what the people around me look like, just restore the ecosystems.
Genetics are just information, it can be manipulated just like any other piece of information. Therefore a good rule of thumb is to treat it with any ethic that you would with any other piece of information.
Uhhh...but if I lose a file on my computer, or name it with the wrong convention, I’m not going to potentially kill myself or others. There is a difference between “any other information” and “genetic information” in this context.
James Murray 1. Rename your system32 fold and see what happens to your computer.
2. Have you heard of meiosis?
Lea Nael Doesn’t kill YOU though.
@@scoobertmcruppert2915 I see where you are coming from. you are advocating that the carrier of the information is just as important as the information itself. to which I would say NO.
What do you want to know? I would say don't do it unless it is correcting the information that is already there.
Holy cricket! Neil is good at answering these bioethical questions than this ethics professor even though he is a astrophysicist.
DNA for every individual
Where the heck is Chuck!?
Paul Looks like his brain is exploding every time Neil and Liao speak.
EDIT: I give him props for enduring these topics though.
I think he is an Australian actor.
..the navy pilot would probably hit the auto-pilot if was not familiar with the plane...
He Silly and funny 😄 good humor
Mix a plant and a lizard and you'll have yourself a Bulbasaur. It's also the first Pokémon in the numerical order they're put in, but not the first Pokemon to be designed in real life or the first to be discovered in-universe.
the comidian is good;)
When you’re perfect you don’t need character. I know from personal experience. 😎
But your names aren't capitalized. And you missed some grammar.
@@Anti-HyperLink i dont care about those things because they dont stop people from understanding my statement. not worth the effort. also, you started a s sentence with "and".
Bioethics on the PR side wouldn't be as rocky if almost all governments made education a political question rather than one of efficiency or, gasp! enriching oneself and in so doing enriching the community.
Aussie Paul Mercurio is a cool dude. Just saying, so is this American dude.
At around 25:00 this falls off the turnip truck.
Who else came here because they'd never heard of StarTalk, but saw Tyson on the Joe Rogan Experience?
Welcome! We’ve done two episodes with Joe before on the podcast too.
@@StarTalk I will definitely look for them! Thank you!
Ram ram ji you are the best and you should lead humans to the future. And make a new kind of society which is just 2% smarter then humans.
A lot of the ethical concerns are based on using human subjects without their knowledge or permission. Sure, volunteers are hard to find when the reward is a small chunk of cash but what if they are treated as soldiers? And respected and honored when their lives are placed in danger? People choose to join the military and go into harm's way. Fighting disease is not that different. Just never try to hide the danger and explain the risks.
Human experiments should be done under strict rules to full disclosure of information on details as to what entails to the voluntary person. I knew some people likes to volunteer for such things. I sure am, not one of them.
6:16 till 6:40 i was wondering... doesnt the car actual need to leak the oil to somewhere to earn extra money of it ? i mean full is full ... it sounds weird and totaly wrong
Oil isn't used up, in cars it's not a fuel it's a lubricant. If you change the oil sooner than is needed, you spend extra money on oil.
Idk if Neil goes through his TH-cam comments, but genuinely curious how you thought your conversation with Joe Rogan went? Because many including myself thought you were kinda rude with how much you interrupted him.. just want some insight from your side of the table
That's interesting. I haven't watched the full interview yet on Joe's podcast. But from the clips I've seen, Joe seemed like he was getting irritated with Neil.
Question? Self Driving Cars..
While the car is auto driving mode znd comes across a group of kids crossing the street.. and on your left is a median wall .. what do you think would happen? Answer: The car automatically swerves into the wall and you crash possibly die..
Been a fan for 2 yrs neil i got a brother name neil.
2 years you say, Its not too late for you my gullible friend!!!!
@@britaniawaves4060 tks
As long as we not crosing any red lines