Electronic Basics #37: What is Impedance? (AC Resistance?)
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In this episode of Electronic Basics I will tell you all about the concept of Impedance. That means I will demonstrate how capacitors and inductors act as "resistors" with an AC voltage and thus change the magnitude and phase of the current flow. Afterwards I will show you a simple impedance calculation with a resistor and capacitor in series. And at the end you will understand that the Impedance is an important concept when it comes to AC circuits with R,L,C components.
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Music:
2011 Lookalike by Bartlebeats - วิทยาศาสตร์และเทคโนโลยี
*_Yeah, im gonna have to watch this one a few more times..._*
I am going to have to go back to "electronic basics #1"
I am on round 10 and I think I get it but not on the project I am working on.
Just remember 2(pie)FC ;)
brain blown, going back to #1...
Ahh Impedance - this was what made complex number theory come to life for me! This is was sort of where I started to realise why electronics and maths go so well together, and how electronics were just maths made out of materials, and how electronic functions could be analysed and have further functionality inferred through mathematical manipulation - and vice versa! Thanks for such a great into!!!
Same for me :-)
lol, how about Fourier Transform & Fourier Series and DTFT so on ?
yeah, but i still do not understand what are exactly complex numbers
Vlad Ion, We use Indo-Arabic symbols for representing the values for zero (0), one (1), two (2), etc., just like how we use some random symbols for representing the letters of the alphabet. If the guy who came up with the Indo-Arabic numerals used the symbol "k" for the value of five, we would have written 3 + 2 = k. Similarly, someone started using the symbol "i" for representing the value of the number sqrt(-1). (just like how the symbol for the value of six is "6" or "VI" in Roman numerals). Thus "i" is a number just like any other number. The only difference is that "i" cannot take a physical form. For example, I can give you 1 chocolate, or I can give you -1 chocolate (that means you give me one chocolate). But I cannot give you "i" chocolates, because sqrt(-1) is an abstract concept and probably because of that, people started calling it a "complex" number. Nevertheless, it is a valid mathematical number, and you can build a number line out of it.
If you delve deeper into this, you will find that the complex number line is at right angles to the real number line (exp(i*t) = cos(t)+i*sin(t)). This important property of the complex numbers has found applications in real world scenarios like electrical engineering and physics. Complex numbers make the maths much simpler. Hope this explanation helped at least a bit :-).
oh , thank you very much for the explanation. i use complex number every day but i did not know the representation in real life :)
Greatscott explained this better than any college professor :)
Boooya youtube college
So true
Well, it took me around 6 hours to create just the script. I think professors do not have that much time to prepare their words in front of the class.
Yeah, in college they would break this up between 6 classes and expect you to retain every detail.
Most colleges and universities are politically driven so you need to go to a private college to really learn anything as they don't want you to really know much, just enough so you can pay the grants or fee's. If these professors were that smart why would they work for chump change? The love of teaching as their bills don't get paid? I think not. They would be getting paid big bucks and you wouldn't know they even existed until one of them made a major breakthrough like Zobel, Zener, Schottky, these are real name of people, it's more of a introduction then you have to grow from there by getting your hands dirty and dealing with that magic smoke that appears when you screwed up and maybe get to be friends with some of these people like this guy. When you're first starting out, this video is foreign and everyone forgets and laughs at you as if they were born with all this knowledge. This is one of the main reasons people that go to college never have careers at what they went to college for.
Great Scott Is a great teacher, but maybe you had crappy lecturers? We were taught quite well in uni (not trying to sound douchey, just surprised that your teachers didn't teach you well)
Well, to be honest, I have learnt a lot more than complex circuits in my life realted to AC inductance, reactance etc, but I never realized why one would want to learn that, professors in college didn't ever teach practical circuits or told why you want to use this equations, now watching this video, my theory lectures makes sense!! Thank you Great Scott!
Akshay Momaya true!
Specially in India lol. I'm studying these topics in 11th standard and my teacher never told the real use of them otherwise I would have paid double attention of mine😔
It took me two years, but I finally sorta understand what Impedance is, and why it's important for my guitar Amp.
How it is useful in guitar
Thank you so much GS! Impedance is always a confusing topic, but you hit the nail right on the head!
Thanks for the feedback
Ouch
Or he has hit impedance right in its head. he-he
Great work! I’ve been working with electronics most of my life and while I understood what effect capacitors and inductors had, and how to use them, I was still unsure about impedance, how it was calculated. Thanks for helping us all to understand a little bit more about the more complex relationships between AC power, inductance, and capacitance.
A comprehensive and succinct explanation of this rather complex topic. Excellent video. Thank you very much for all your effort and passion.
Phasors, bring me back memories from the first circuit analysis classes from college. For a newbie, transient analysis and sinusoidal steady state might be overwhelming... just wait for the rest of the degree, and this will become a piece of cake.
I started watching your videos when I was in 9th standard but didn't understand anything but now as i studied mathematics in heigher classes I'm happy to say that I'm understanding everything and now I'm loving mathematics even more
This explained it perfectly. Years I've not really thought about it and when I did it confused me a little. Your handwriting is excellent too. Wish I could write like that!
One of the best videos about electronics. Good job mr.Scott!
YES thank you greatscott!! ive recently started learning RLC circuits and its quantities and its good to look back at this video just for clarification
Great video and a lesson to refresh my knowledge!!! It brings me back to my old days studying electric engineering. Keep up the good work, Sir!
An amazing video as always, very graphic, well organized, the Best Chanel when it comes to a really well made video with accurate content and explanation
This is how it shall be taught at school ! You explained in minutes more than in weeks. You shall get a medal !
This is exactly what I needed!!! I was working on a project and since I'm a newb I had no clue about impedance for my pull down resistor value, you saved me a ton of research, thank you GreatScott!
No problem
Your style of presentation is very effective...right on point..nothing more nothing less..
love the way you put pressure on the "Stay Creative"
I think you could have explained why inductance causes impedance better. An inductor creates a strong magnetic field which works against the intended current flow because it ultimately causes back EMF said simply a voltage in the opposite direction. However only a changing magnetic field has this effect, not a constant one. This is why GreatScott says in the video that it is not an issue in DC circuits in order to not confuse people. The effect of back EMF does show in DC circuit but only when first energizing the circuit, what happens is that the current rises slowly over time to it's maximum value. Once it has reached that maximum value then the inductor no longer has an effect on the DC circuit. Moving to AC, current reverses over and over at very short time intervals, therefore usually at high frequencies the rise time of the current that we talked about earlier is longer than the time for reversal of current which ultimately places a limit to how high the current rises at it's peaks in the sine curve, this has the effect of a current limiter like resistance but through a different means, known as reactive inductance which is an ingredient in the overall impedance of the circuit.
nice input
An inductor will support only so much voltage. Once the core saturates the current increases dramatically.
Yep. This is why I preferred DC Electronics Class at university. Going from Polar to Rectangular and back again was a pain!! But the video was very nostalgic for me. Thanks Great Scott!!
Thank you for making these videos, they are very educational!
That´s what we have done in 4 weeks of education of electrician for industrial engineering.
Great job explaining it in just 10 minutes!
I was supposed to know all this stuff last year and I never knew you could draw the complex and real impedances in a graph and get the phase angle and magnitude that way.
Have you learnt calculus?
Do you know how to solve differential equations?
All these comes out when you solve the differential equation for a LRC circuit.
You don't have to memorize formulas, infact, i think memorizing formulas is the reason you haven't learnt anything at all.
@@willyou2199 Uncalled for, I can solve differential equations and I never said I "haven't learnt anything at all". I just never knew about that one particular trick
Are you sure?
If you solved the diff eq for LRC, you'd get impedance = R+1/(jwC) or R+jwL, depending on inductive or capacitive. Complex numbers have polar representation, ie magnitude and phase.
Either you've no idea how impedance is calculated, or don't understand how complex numbers work, this shouldn't be new to you.
@@willyou2199 I never used polar representation for this, I simply never made the connection
Basic high school stuffs
This was very helpful to understand why impedance is a complex number. Thank you!
Understood every detail.
Thank u sir a lot for your hardwork for us 😊
A very kind lesson of basic electronics! Very good, better than my school professor!
Thanks for a great explanation. I use your videos to supplement my text books.
It is a very didactic video, just these days I was remembering this issue of complex knowledge numbers. Congratulations for the contribution and greetings from Chile!!!
Wasn't expecting a maths lesson thrown in for free as well! Impressed it was done unapologetically. This man does not treat his audience as if some are dummies - he just gives the facts at gets on with it. Bravo!
No kidding! I'm just chillin' with a TH-cam video and all of a sudden I'm digging around in my brain's back closet for my notes on imaginary numbers.
great explanation like always! cheers from Brazil!
Your explanation and animation is 𝙥𝙚𝙧𝙛𝙚𝙘𝙩
Thanks for the video it helped me clear up my concepts alot
I studied this circuits in university a lot, but there was so much theory and no practical application. It brought back good/bad memories, but awesome video and the theory explained in a simple way.
Thank you for explaining this so well!
considering im writing a power electronics exam in 3 days that covers this topic i find the time of release for this video very convenient
I have been wondering the difference between the two for some time very well done video just a touch over my head!
Nice video and awsome sponsor! Ordered a few PCBs from them since you said good things about them and holy sheep do they look good! All of them (100) came very nicely made and the parts supplier was very helpfull too!
I like that you included the mathematics aspect. Thanks.
Very high level information. Passed just above my head 😀
Don't sweat it. Watch it a few times. At some point it will make sense.
I wish you made this video back when I had circuit theory exam. Very well explained.
Road to 1 million
Congrats Great Scott!!😎😎😎
Thanks but we are not there yet
Thank you for the video scott, having an exam about this in the next two days :)
I've been doing electrochemical impedence measurements for 6 months now on my Ph.D. but no one had a simple way of describing me, the basics of what do those semi-circle spectras mean..
GreatScott, GreatThanks !! :D
Thanks a lot for this informative and esay to understand video.
Please continue the journey with the complex math :)
Awesome video btw!
Yes, I was so confused about this. Thank you for this information. I am just about to go to college for electrical engineering.
Great, Scott! Perfect video!
Such a great video on fundementals! Please do more fundementals
Great! Would be nice to see more videos like that.
Very nicely explained.
Made perfect sense. Well done video. Thanks.
Thank you, this helped me a lot.
Not sure why, but watching him draw those graphs is so satisfying
Another great video! A small comment. When you write an equation it helps if you quote the units of the values., for example microhenries. It’s useful for those beginners working through the mathematics.
Great video. Thank you!
Finally basic electronic s after a long time.... :-)
I hope you like it
@@greatscottlab Yes it is Informative and help to understand how things works... 😀
Great video; could you please create a play list with all the basic's videos?
Great video! Keep on creating!
Thanks. I give my best.
Though I did know about 99% of the content for being an electrical engineer, I still watched your whole video.
Thanks you very much. Great video.
thnx a lot, that was a good revision for me
It isn't really an important thing to learn something new to watch your amazing videos
Great video !
WOW very close to 1M subscribers.I wish that you will soon achieve this milestone.
Best of lack the great German engineer!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!.
Thanx much for the revision sir!!!
thank you please do more fundamentals video ...like simple circuits which are building blocks in electronics
As always great scott in great
You are amazing great scott
Great video.
That's all interesting, but it gets even more interesting once you Know what the implications of impedance does in circuits! (How it affects the load in a circuit)
Thank you for this video i was wondering if you make video about. Rc and rl and. Rlc. Big fan
Finally!!, sadly today i finish my Circuits I and II class. This could be soooo useful a month ago 🙃
Just an excellent video. Keep it up :)
Thanks a ton... Highly informative as has been... Muallam... 💪🏿🖖🏿
You are the best one along with electroboom
Thank you
They are my favourite TH-cam channels! I'm checking their channels every day waiting for a new video to watch!
Thank you sir you made my day by talking to me(Great Scott)
Good stuff.
Thank you.
Oh my god you actually defined i (or j) correctly as i^2 = -1, not i=sqrt(-1)! As a math guy that makes me really happy to see. And you didn't call it "imaginary", either.
This was also a really good explanation of impedance, you should do more stuff about more technical EE topics like this! As someone with a background in math and a different kind of engineering, but who does a lot of work with electronics too, I've always had a bit of a hard time with this topic. Sure I could work through the equations, but something about this video made it click for me.
This was really helpful! Thanks :-)
Hi, thanks for the video. Can I ask what do you mean by voltage leading current, or vice versa, and what is the significance for a circuit?
It's really nice
You really should show the phase angle on you X axis in your diagrams. I would also recommend showing the unit circle (polar coordinate graph) versions of the graphs since they show phase angle shift the best and are useful to show how to calculate the new phase angle when you has inductive and capacative components. It will also show why we see pi in the equations without getting into mathematics that are beyond algebra.
You can also use simultaneous equations to calculate the impedance.
Thank you so much. 😊🙏
Your awesome thumbs up keep up the good work
Great video. Love the practical oscilloscope and signal generator sections. One thing I couldn't understand is why you read the RMS 110mV AC signal as 110mA (around 4:30), am I missing something? You did it when calculating the ohmic resistance for the inductor as well
That was the best joke in uni so far. All the years in school you draw pointer diagramms and get crazy, but once in uni you find out about complex numbers, and the whole topic becomes as easy as dc
Thanks for the amazing content.
As you have measured the total current of a series resistor with capacitor. so I can calculate the voltage drop across resistor by simple Ohms law but what if I want to measure the voltage drop across the capacitor for some calculations then how to do it.
kindly help
Thanks for your video, can you explain cat6 cable impedance, thanks
You are really GREAT :)
Hi Scott, I have been watching a lot of your videos on theory of electronics and I have learnt a great deal from you. Now my question, there are so many books out there on electronics but what one book would you own if you could only choose one? Keep up the good work Scott
Awesome!
I never thought complex numbers can mix up with electronics thanks
Nice video 👍👍
I like it
hey if you said before basic ohms law can get wrong answer to find the true current value using manual computation without using any device like current clamp connect to oscilloscope. may i apply indefinite integral formula? and partial derivative? meaning i will use different equation??
Useful video 👍 👍
Check out "All About Electronics" channel. I think you will like it.
I love your videos and am learning a great deal. One question I have is what is the significance of the phase shift between voltage and current? What is the real world effect on a circuit? Thanks for the videos!
In my humble opinion its all related to power, Voltage and Current are two components needed to realize work , if you have "all current but no Voltage" ("or vice-versa") you have no power P=V*I
This video about by Eugene Khutoryansky about Real vs Reactive Power is Illustrative :
th-cam.com/video/2mD3UbSW7ho/w-d-xo.html
Great lesson Scott as usual!
BTW maybe could you make one video about ESP-Now protocol implemented into ESP8266 and ESP32. It is great and cheap alternative to send and receive data locally like by nrf24l01.
Thanks!
Thanks for the support :-)
A cool topic you could talk about could be: how meters actually measure inductance, impedance, capacitance, and amperage!
Bald hast du die Millionen