How to write a scientific paper

แชร์
ฝัง
  • เผยแพร่เมื่อ 25 พ.ย. 2024

ความคิดเห็น • 226

  • @gregmartin
    @gregmartin  ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Get my FREE cheat sheets for Public Health, Epidemiology, Research Methods and Statistics (including transcripts of these lessons) here: www.learnmore365.com/courses/public-health-epidemiology-research-methods-and-statistics-resource-library

    • @ali57555
      @ali57555 4 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Just wasted 40 min of my time looking for the FREE stuff (related to this)! Thank you for this video, though. Please consider updating your website design and tell users straight if what they are looking for is free or not.

    • @marcosmatya1587
      @marcosmatya1587 3 หลายเดือนก่อน

      Great Mr , thank you very much

  • @tamarac.7242
    @tamarac.7242 3 ปีที่แล้ว +89

    I'm currently doing my first student scientific research, and I found this video very helpful. Really excited to rock this! :D Thank you so much for making this easy!

    • @pabo2697
      @pabo2697 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      which writing program are you using? latex, word or something different?

    • @abhisikta6904
      @abhisikta6904 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      What are you doing your research on?

    • @tamarac.7242
      @tamarac.7242 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@pabo2697 SPSS, Office Word, PowerPoint

    • @tamarac.7242
      @tamarac.7242 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      @@abhisikta6904 It was from statistics, subject was online learning in Dentistry students - University of Belgrade. We did a questionnaire about students satisfaction, opinions etc. (not sure if I spelled that right)

    • @abhisikta6904
      @abhisikta6904 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@tamarac.7242 oh okay, gotcha. oh, and you absolutely did.

  • @abdulkreemhajali4305
    @abdulkreemhajali4305 5 ปีที่แล้ว +43

    I'm working on my first paper thanks for making life easy

  • @fhopedude
    @fhopedude 6 ปีที่แล้ว +43

    You're back!
    So I just want to say thank you Dr.Martin, your videos inspired me to take the first steps to become an epidemiologist. I am currently concluding my first semester of grad. school and I cannot imagine being here if I had not stumbled upon your channel. Keep up the good work!

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  6 ปีที่แล้ว +4

      WOW that is a real compliment Timotie (I really appreciate it). I'm delighted to hear that you've decided to become an epidemiologist. Its an exciting field and you'll make the world a better place I'm sure!! :)

    • @cloudya28
      @cloudya28 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      I am writing my final research paper for the last year of my MPH program. It's great to hear from another epi nerd! Good luck with your program :)

    • @stonecoldtruth7006
      @stonecoldtruth7006 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Hi
      How many years is this epidemiology course ?

  • @MrBigMacManify
    @MrBigMacManify 5 ปีที่แล้ว +11

    I am about to publish my first (first-authored) paper and it is very daunting. This video is incredibly helpful. Thank you.

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  5 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Glad you found it useful !! Thanks for the feedback. Good luck with that first paper!! :)

  • @mukhtarmusse3845
    @mukhtarmusse3845 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I don't know where to start and how to finish it, step by step. But, i just found my shortess and easies way to do my paper to make effective and acceptable paper, big thanks Dr.🎉 God bless you

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You got this! Thanks for your wonderful feedback, Mukhtar!

    • @mukhtarmusse3845
      @mukhtarmusse3845 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      You welcome prof. And thank

  • @TheToneBender
    @TheToneBender 5 วันที่ผ่านมา

    Been a few years since I got my degree and haven't really done research papers since. Work in a completely different field as well, so I'm trying to refresh my memory because I want to start making research papers (in my own time! Who'd have ever thunk I'd end up doing that)

  • @RavanaMad
    @RavanaMad 10 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thank you so much for the summarized overview on how to structure a research paper! I'm now using on my paper, following the topics and questions each section should address. Best 8:20 minutes youtube video on scientific writting!

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  9 หลายเดือนก่อน +1

      Best of luck with your paper. Happy writing!

  • @wuthmon6833
    @wuthmon6833 3 ปีที่แล้ว +3

    These are very precise and clear instructions, Dr Martin.

  • @joankwamboka700
    @joankwamboka700 2 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you so much for this. I have been sitting around for about 2 years without making strides toward writing and drafting about 3 manuscripts. I just felt so lost and unprepared but your video makes so much sense. Thank you.

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You got this! Thank you for the lovely feedback.

  • @stephane1623
    @stephane1623 6 ปีที่แล้ว +7

    This was fantastic Dr. Martin, thank you for emphasizing the importance of having the results of the study first. I'm focused on the discussion section usually. After watching this video, I can see why it is a waste of time to speculate on results that can change the entire course of the paper with additional variables, etc. I will keep that in mind.

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks Stephane - glad that you found the video helpful. Looking forward to reading your work :)

  • @stomiball889
    @stomiball889 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    We need more videos like this
    Good job

  • @hanifachairunnisa9938
    @hanifachairunnisa9938 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    thank you very much, this is the first time I write a scientific paper, and this answers a lot of my questions!

  • @salmanhussain3835
    @salmanhussain3835 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    These are the best videos on the subject on TH-cam. Epic description, kept it short and simple. Highly informative.

  • @akramabahre3145
    @akramabahre3145 4 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    4:58 methods
    7:44 discussion
    8:04 conclusion

  • @kdlf333
    @kdlf333 4 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Thank you I’m writing my undergrad thesis and I was so lost

  • @ran1133
    @ran1133 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I adore people like you, who share the valuable knowledge, thank you very much

  • @dr.bouacham.1895
    @dr.bouacham.1895 5 ปีที่แล้ว +20

    I really appreciated your video, I recommend this video to all researchers, it is very rich in information very useful for writing a paper, I wish you a good continuation

    • @OnlyFai740
      @OnlyFai740 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      A fellow Algerian researcher. Noice!

    • @neatpolygons8500
      @neatpolygons8500 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@OnlyFai740 of course, lots fo algerian researchers. publishing useless papers all the time.

    • @OnlyFai740
      @OnlyFai740 3 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@neatpolygons8500 I mean that's true and all, but what's the point of commenting that here.

  • @youreasavagee481
    @youreasavagee481 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I wish there was a way you could read my paper..... I would love to get it published. It’s something that has never been researched before and so far my findings are working...

  • @raultrigo
    @raultrigo 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for your guidance, you just made me realize how vague I was writing my first paper...and with your suggestion I see can split my original paper into 3 or 4 original papers, thank you

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad it was helpful! You are so welcome! You can do it!

    • @raultrigo
      @raultrigo 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Would you suggest that these 3 of 4 new papers I submit to the same journal or different journals?

  • @YIANNIS777
    @YIANNIS777 5 ปีที่แล้ว +4

    Simple concise and universally applicable. Awesome, thanks

  • @camhaw
    @camhaw 5 ปีที่แล้ว +10

    This was phenomenal as usual! Clear and to the point! Thank you Dr. Martin :)

  • @Max47340
    @Max47340 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Awesome video, expounds on all the relevant topics clearly and precisely. Whether you are writing a middle school science project or submitting your paper to NEJM or Nature, you will find some pearls of wisdom in this video.

  • @YourTourAssistant
    @YourTourAssistant 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Brief and simplified .. thank you

  • @rachaelpires4480
    @rachaelpires4480 4 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I have learnt a lot from your video. Thanks

  • @hvmamarketing
    @hvmamarketing 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Though the subject matters are quite different, scientific papers still require relevant keywords and key phrases that relate back to the topic at hand. Once again, the writing process comes in handy in this situation just as with all styles of writing.

  • @ichsan6941
    @ichsan6941 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Immediately subscribed, Very clear explanation, Thank you Greg!

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you for subscribing!

  • @drsantoshkyatnatti7493
    @drsantoshkyatnatti7493 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Hey Greg great video. It will surely help a lot of people, the main advantage of your videos is it is simple to understand and very informative. Looking forward for more videos from you.

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for the feedback Santosh (much appreciated). Do let me know if there are any other topics that you want me to cover on the channel.

  • @km2052
    @km2052 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    extremely awesome, and thx to BMC , I SHALL CONSIDER IT for bioinformatics.

  • @emmapons8689
    @emmapons8689 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Thank you for taking the time to put this together! So insightful.

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      So glad to hear that! You are most welcome!

  • @weeladylou
    @weeladylou 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Brilliantly clear and informative explanation, thank you!

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thank you for the feedback. Glad you enjoyed it!

  • @Abhishekkumar-ri4zc
    @Abhishekkumar-ri4zc 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    THANKS A LOT FOR FILMING THIS CONTENT

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      You're welcome! Glad you enjoyed it!

  • @davidjohansson7646
    @davidjohansson7646 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    This comment section would be a great example to show how positive it can be!
    I enjoyed how you explained the structure of science papers, moreover you have neat easy to understand illustrations, however I was looking for the difference between a 'Blue paper' and a 'White paper' in this topic.
    Would anyone please help me find the answer?

  • @souadhamidi2354
    @souadhamidi2354 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you very much, Dr Martin, for this video. I am trying to publish a paper and your video was of great help to me. Thank you indeed.

  • @israamonqa2135
    @israamonqa2135 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Wooow so clearly explains thank you indeed 🌹❤️

  • @PhilinSaniachen
    @PhilinSaniachen 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Haven't seen you in a while, good to have you back Dr. Greg!

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

      Thanks Philin - good to be back! Am keen to put a lot more content on TH-cam :) Hope you are well :)

  • @TshewangGyeltshen
    @TshewangGyeltshen 3 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Lovely. Very well explained. Thanks for the email. Without it, I could not have gotten here. Great job doc!

  • @sarelito9202
    @sarelito9202 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Well explained, thank you. Most helpful.

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad it was helpful!

  • @sunilpraveen4984
    @sunilpraveen4984 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Hello Dr Martin
    This was my first video regarding how actual the Research or Review paper has been present.
    Thanks for your short video with explainable knowledge.

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      I'm glad you liked the video Sunil. :)

  • @MamunurRashid-uf4ft
    @MamunurRashid-uf4ft 6 ปีที่แล้ว +2

    Nice to see you back with a video on scientific writing! Great job! Keep it up!

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks Mamunur - Great to be back. I hope you find this video useful. Send any feedback or suggestions for future videos. 👍🏻

  • @SayyarAhmad
    @SayyarAhmad 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great, concise and simple explanation. Staright to the point.

  • @theboiler_room
    @theboiler_room 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks sir. I found this really informative. I am grateful

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad it was helpful!

  • @shaistariaz1638
    @shaistariaz1638 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    nice and clear explanation i easily understand the whole topic thnk u

  • @FTA-0
    @FTA-0 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you very much, was very helpful. and just in 8 mins! better than many long lectures!

  • @terrylschmidtdrha7186
    @terrylschmidtdrha7186 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Dr Martin - for sure Welcome Back! A great video that will be shared with students. Thank you so much.

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for sharing Terry. And thanks for the support and mentorship over the years. Much appreciated. 🙂

  • @DenisIgua
    @DenisIgua 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you Greg - I found this very useful and you speak clearly.

  • @shaxloqalmuratova7531
    @shaxloqalmuratova7531 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you! It had been really helpful for me💁‍♀️

  • @amirrezaasadi6542
    @amirrezaasadi6542 ปีที่แล้ว

    Quite concise and useful !
    thank you so much.

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for the feedback. Much appreciated!

  • @immanuel7619
    @immanuel7619 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    That's a great explanation! I got new knowledge from it. But, I hope you can give some more explanations in your video. For example, an explanation on why we shouldn't have any acronym in the title, etc. Thank you for such a great video!

  • @rachidaroky5965
    @rachidaroky5965 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you, I shared your video with my students

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad you liked it! Thank you :)

  • @drmariahameedofficial5439
    @drmariahameedofficial5439 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    appreciated and bundle of thanx

  • @walidalaraba2517
    @walidalaraba2517 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very helpful and informative.
    Following u from Algerian
    Keep going ahead. Good Luck

  • @scottdc2105
    @scottdc2105 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    I understand there are letters and there are articles that can be submitted to a peer reviewed journal, do this info also apply to a letter? I have a theory of gravity ive just published in a book and i keep getting the question is it published in a peer reviewed journal. I dont have data and information that you mentioned only a design for the mechanism of gravity that does not leave anything to the imagination.Also is it common for there to be no fee if the article is published for the journals subscribers but very costly if its open access?

  • @dhritishmanhazarika3894
    @dhritishmanhazarika3894 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    This was really helpful. Thanks a lot mate!

  • @falehalyazidi956
    @falehalyazidi956 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    I really appreciate this person.
    Thank you very much. The was you discuss topics is very beneficial and easy to understand..
    Faleh

  • @drmariahameedofficial5439
    @drmariahameedofficial5439 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    its really so informative and helpful

  • @pathmakumaraad
    @pathmakumaraad 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    This is so useful. Thank you

  • @lillyb60
    @lillyb60 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Really helpful - thanks so much Greg.

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      You're most welcome. Glad you liked it.

  • @ravshanbekmavlonov2996
    @ravshanbekmavlonov2996 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Wonderful and useful information. Great!

  • @sangmadewira4726
    @sangmadewira4726 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    If jean piaget, out of sheer interest, wrote his first very own paper at 10 years old and managed to attract the attention of a musuem to the point of being offered a curatorship, then the process of writing papers sounds a lot more interesting and intuitive!

  • @MJ-ye7dd
    @MJ-ye7dd 2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    This is fabulous

  • @lindokuhlemngomezulu6051
    @lindokuhlemngomezulu6051 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Very helpful, thank you Dr.Martin

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  3 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad it was helpful!

  • @hosamelsayedorthotube7940
    @hosamelsayedorthotube7940 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks for nice helpful video

  • @syedarmaghanhassan4652
    @syedarmaghanhassan4652 ปีที่แล้ว

    ❤ thanks for sharing...
    Please also show us how to write a paper of theory nature... like If I would like to redifine Time, or Space-Time and if I want to propose an Idea or Theory for the sake of improvement in science...
    I do not have any calculations or laboratory tests to quantify, but my arguments about how something is perceived and used and what my view about it is, and how I logically prove my point to be correct or open for discussion...
    How would I write such a paper?

  • @WhisperWisdomHub
    @WhisperWisdomHub 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Really very good informative video

  • @nectartyrant1390
    @nectartyrant1390 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks greg, going to apply this tech to dead by daylight metagame research

  • @jerrytang9514
    @jerrytang9514 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much!

  • @eoinduffy00001
    @eoinduffy00001 6 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Great video 😀I'm wondering what do people think is the most frustrating thing when writing a scientific paper?

  • @tatiana1310
    @tatiana1310 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks a lot for this video.

  • @nouimeriem3619
    @nouimeriem3619 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much Dr
    Algeria

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      You're welcome :) thanks for watching!!

    • @nouimeriem3619
      @nouimeriem3619 2 ปีที่แล้ว

      @@gregmartin you are welcome
      God bless you

  • @TommyJMaylee3141
    @TommyJMaylee3141 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent! Thanks.

  • @VSAK2007
    @VSAK2007 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you Sir. Your voice is also very nice.

  • @SnakeAndTurtleQigong
    @SnakeAndTurtleQigong 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks very much!

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  2 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Glad it helped!

  • @nabeelvlog4551
    @nabeelvlog4551 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank u so much really great demonstration

  • @patriciaschwerdtle5789
    @patriciaschwerdtle5789 5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Another great video Dr. Greg! I'll share it widely with my higher degree by research students who struggle with this and need support in publishing their findings. It'd be great if you could distinguish between the introduction and background - this is something I still have trouble explaining.

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks for the question!! (and say hello to your students in Australia). In terms of the difference between the introduction and background... well.. to be honest, its not entirely clear to me either. I think of them as functionally the same kind of thing really. Perhaps one distinction might be that the introduction tells the reader what question is being addressed and the background provides the reader with information needed to understand the context of the research (what we already know and don't know from the literature). That said, I think that the background could also include background information relative to the study in question (the people, place, problem). I guess you can tell from my answer that I'm no closer to the truth than you are :)

  • @mitchc1851
    @mitchc1851 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Helpful! Thank you Dr Greg, I am hoping if you could maybe make a series on how to make a scientific paper. I find it hard to break in to that especially when i have no research background knowledge. Nonetheless, this video is a great overview of how we should start.

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  5 ปีที่แล้ว +1

      Thanks Mitch. I'll soon be putting a course together on learnmore365.com what will have a lot more information on how to write a science paper.

    • @ZoyaKhan-vj5ob
      @ZoyaKhan-vj5ob 5 ปีที่แล้ว

      Yes plzz

  • @christianchayna9634
    @christianchayna9634 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    thanks a lot bro, really helpfull!!!

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  2 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad it helped! Thanks for the feedback!

  • @hannahkoeczko9782
    @hannahkoeczko9782 2 ปีที่แล้ว

    Great

  • @sakanablesakanable
    @sakanablesakanable ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much Greg, can you please tell me what software you use for video editing?
    Thanks in advance

  • @giselimoura1767
    @giselimoura1767 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you so much...You saved my life ;)

  • @SurvivalSalem
    @SurvivalSalem 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you, very informative

  • @depaksingh7006
    @depaksingh7006 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    I would like to make reading and research quickly and efficiently and how to do citation and Chicago Style Referencing and how to use my own words to effectively too get optimal marks for College

  • @asfyadewi5887
    @asfyadewi5887 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good luck

  • @ratnamandal4238
    @ratnamandal4238 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent demonstration!

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for the feedback Ratna

  • @donaldmsipa7855
    @donaldmsipa7855 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you for the video

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  ปีที่แล้ว

      Thanks for watching!

  • @SCIRESEARCH
    @SCIRESEARCH 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good explanation1

  • @fractalnomics
    @fractalnomics 4 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you.

  • @SANA-i-s
    @SANA-i-s 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Good vid thanks

  • @andreamilina4925
    @andreamilina4925 2 หลายเดือนก่อน

    Thanks

  • @drditup
    @drditup 9 หลายเดือนก่อน

    should you repeat the research question from introduction in the method?

  • @salwaa.a574
    @salwaa.a574 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you
    Really I need that

  • @halizahasan4505
    @halizahasan4505 6 ปีที่แล้ว +1

    Great video. I inspired to write the article from your sharing knowledge

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      Glad to hear it Haliza!!! Good luck! Let me know how it goes.. :)

  • @BufordsGoldfishLOL
    @BufordsGoldfishLOL 14 วันที่ผ่านมา +1

    Well mister I think I found out something that could change the world, when I get famous I promise I’ll tell everyone about this video :)

  • @betr8
    @betr8 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Somehow, my studying research was summarizing this video.

  • @TheIMadova
    @TheIMadova 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thank you

  • @claudiadoravallejosvaldivi3567
    @claudiadoravallejosvaldivi3567 ปีที่แล้ว

    From Peru, thank you for sharing this video!! Now I would like to know if there are free reliable journals with which I can publish an article that I am about to conclude. Let me know, please. Claudia

  • @andreacuesta4167
    @andreacuesta4167 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thanks a lot for this nice video. What do you think about writing the results and discussion in the same section?

  • @yulinliu850
    @yulinliu850 6 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent! Thank you!

    • @gregmartin
      @gregmartin  6 ปีที่แล้ว

      You are most welcome Yulin. Thanks for the feedback. 👍🏻

  • @themegaruler
    @themegaruler 3 ปีที่แล้ว

    Thx

  • @hamzamohamedabdullahi8519
    @hamzamohamedabdullahi8519 5 ปีที่แล้ว

    Excellent video Thank you always Dr Greg Martin you are the source of motivation and knowledge

    • @onesmorobert2839
      @onesmorobert2839 4 ปีที่แล้ว

      Dr.Martin, thank you so much for this important video. I have understood and am going to apply these knowledge and skills to LIVESTOCK BREEDING RELATED PAPERS.