Indigenous GM Mustard DMH -11 | Indepth | Drishti IAS

DMH-11 is an indigenously developed transgenic mustard. It is a genetically modified variant of Herbicide Tolerant (HT) mustard.DMH-11 is a result of a cross between Indian mustard variety ‘Varuna’ and East European ‘Early Heera-2’ mustard. It contains two alien genes (‘barnase’ and ‘barstar’) isolated from a soil bacterium called Bacillus amyloliquefaciens that enable breeding of high-yielding commercial mustard hybrids.Barnase in Varuna induces a temporary sterility because of which it can’t naturally self-pollinate. Barstar in Heera blocks the effect of barnase allowing seeds to be produced.DMH-11 has shown approximately 28% more yield than the national check and 37 % more than the zonal checks and its use has been claimed and approved by the GEAC.“Bar gene” maintains the genetic purity of hybrid seed. The Supreme Court on Thursday said it only want what is good for India even as the government argued that growing Genetically Modified (GM) crops such as mustard will make quality edible oil cheaper for the common man and benefit national interest by reducing foreign dependency. Mustard is the most used edible oil. GM oil has been used in India for decades now… What we are trying to do is make edible oil cheaper for the common man by growing oil seeds indigenously… 50 to 60% of edible oil is imported. Interests which are against India gaining food security and reducing foreign dependence are behind these PILs [public interest litigation petitions] against GM Mustard…” Solicitor General Tushar Mehta, for the Centre, submitted in the Supreme Court. “We want what is good for India. We are not here to poke holes,” a Bench of Justices B.V. Nagarathna and Sanjay Karol said Mr. Mehta submitted statistics of the Directorate of Economic and Statistics of the Department of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare to prove an increasing demand for edible oil with a burgeoning population. The government said the total edible oil demand of India was 24.6 million tonnes (2020-21) with domestic availability of 11.1 million tonnes (2020-21). In 2020-21, 13.45 million tonnes (54%) of the total edible oil demand was met through import worth about ₹1,15,000 crore, which included palm oil (57%), soybean oil (22%), sunflower oil (15%) and small quantity of canola quality mustard oil. In 2022-23, 155.33 lakh tonnes (55.76%) of the total edible oil demand was met through import.Mr. Mehta and Additional Solicitor General Aishwarya Bhati said while the PIL petitioners had highlighted environmental damage allegedly caused by the open field testing of GM crops, the court had to consider the government’s duty to take care of the people’s right to food.
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