Was the Big Bang a WHITE hole?
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 30 พ.ค. 2024
- A white hole is the opposite of a black hole, spewing out matter. So was the Big Bang a white hole? To learn more of the basics on general relativity and cosmology head to brilliant.org/drbecky
Penrose (1974) - articles.adsabs.harvard.edu/pd...
00:00 - What are white holes?
01:16 - What are singularities?
03:19 - The singulairty in the early universe
04:45 - How come the universe wasn't trapped in a black hole?
06:19 - The difference between the Big Bang and a white hole singularity.
09:35 - So what is the Big Bang?
11:11 - A Grand Unified Theory: THE DREAM
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👩🏽💻 I'm Dr Becky Smethurst, an astrophysicist at the University of Oxford (Christ Church). I love making videos about science with an unnatural level of enthusiasm. I like to focus on how we know things, not just what we know. And especially, the things we still don't know. If you've ever wondered about something in space and couldn't find an answer online - you can ask me! My day job is to do research into how supermassive black holes can affect the galaxies that they live in. In particular, I look at whether the energy output from the disk of material orbiting around a growing supermassive black hole can stop a galaxy from forming stars.
drbecky.uk.com
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“Shh!" said Ford. "It's conical. So what you do is, you see, you fill it with fine white sand, alright? Or sugar. Fine white sand, and/or sugar. Anything. Doesn't matter. Sugar's fine. And when it's full, you pull the plug out... are you listening?" "I'm listening." "You pull the plug out, and it all just twirls away, twirls away you see, out of the plughole. "Clever." "That's not the clever bit. This is the clever bit, I remember now that this is the clever bit. The clever bit is that you then thread the film in the projector... backwards!" "Backwards?" "Yes. Threading it backwards is definitely the clever bit. So then, you just sit and watch it, and everything just appears to spiral upwards out of the plughole and fill the bath. See?" "And that's how the Universe began is it?" said Arthur. "No," said Ford, "but it's a marvelous way to relax.
Douglas Adams
Also… have you seen dr. Who: World Enough and Time and The Doctor Falls?
Ford is right, and on multiple levels.
Yes, I did see them, and I love them, even though I hated saying goodbye to the one that I think was my favorite Doctor, ever. The concept of the miles long ship, one end so much closer to the event horizon than the other end is, is a really fascinating one! It also reminded me of what I think was one of #10's first double episodes, the Impossible Planet and the Satan Pit, which also dealt with a black hole!
@@MaryAnnNytowl ah yes, the Bitter Pill
@@MaryAnnNytowl #10's first double episode was Rise of the Cybermen/The Age of Steel. But otherwise, yes.
However, there is one aspect about the mile long ship concept that had me confused. Since the ends of the ship are at different distances from the black hole, the gravitational effects would be different throughout the ship, as shown with the time differences. So how come the ship wasn't being torn apart?
@@reubenmanzo2054 you are correct. I was thinking that pair was right after the Impossible Planet & Satan Pit, not right before it. Ah well, I was running on hardly any sleep, so I'm using that as an excuse, LOL!
As for the mile-long ship, I figured that they weren't close enough to the event horizon to be spaghettified, or even torn apart, just close enough to be affected by the time dilation. If that makes sense.
Hello Dr. Becky. I just found your Channel about 2 months ago and have been binging it nonstop. You're awesome and a great role model for my daughters who also watch it. Thank you!
Thanks for watching and being here 👍
@@DrBecky hey Becky can you provide a scientific experiment proving large bodies of water can curve?
@@flatearthjackal9201 Put it in a centrifuge and spin it really fast. The water will stick to the sides. If the sides are curved then the surface will curve.
@@Valdagast that's a good one. I was gonna say: go to the beach. The Exploratorium has a skinny fish tank that spun, and the water was stable in a perfect parabola.
@@flatearthjackal9201 You know we have satellites the measure the surface of the ocean. It's very curved, with 300 meter dips and bumps because the gravity field of Earth is not uniform. Look up and read about "The Geoid", and EGM96 and EGM2008. When you understand why over a point of strong gravity (say denser crust or magma), the sea level go UP (not down, and over weaker gravity, the sea level drops)....then you'll understand it.
Hi Dr. Becky, I am an Earth Science Middle School Teacher in New York. I also teach Science Research Two to our highly motivated Science Students. I just wanted to tell you how much we have been enjoying your Astronomy News and Updates. My students look forward to them as their interest and knowledge grows. Thank you for inspiring my students! Cheers, Chris
I've just come across your channel and love it! I've been slowly binging your older videos, and wanted to throw out that we should never forget the influence fiction can have on young minds. Red Dwarf did an entire episode devoted to white holes, and that was the "big bang" for my love of astrophysics. So, thank you very much for this video!
"Do all black holes contain other universes entirely?"
A simple question about this: do we even have a definition of a universe?
And another thing from SG-1 (Season 1 Episode 17: Enigma):
"Samantha: -We call it quantum physics. You know the theory?
Narim: -Yeah, I've studied it... in among other misconceptions of elementary science."
The best thing in a good sci-fi is the open mindedness. And maybe that quote is right. Maybe we can't tell what happened before that moment in the big bang, because we are in the wrong track completely.
Yeah, I'm of the mind we're on the wrong track too, but I'm not basing it on StarGate.I believe the universe is part of life itself, and there are many more like galaxies in our own. Why couldn't a black hole to a white hole be a connection between two universes? As one universe grows to create black holes of its own life perpetuates. Nobody has the faintest idea of what really happened; they're just models of what we think might have occurred based on old science and religion. We're still a primitive species, toolmakers at best.
Robert B. Laughlin, Nobel Laureate in Physics, endowed chair in physics, Stanford University, had this to say about ether in contemporary theoretical physics:
It is ironic that Einstein's most creative work, the general theory of relativity, should boil down to conceptualizing space as a medium when his original premise [in special relativity] was that no such medium existed [..] The word 'ether' has extremely negative connotations in theoretical physics because of its past association with opposition to relativity. This is unfortunate because, stripped of these connotations, it rather nicely captures the way most physicists actually think about the vacuum. . . . Relativity actually says nothing about the existence or nonexistence of matter pervading the universe, only that any such matter must have relativistic symmetry. [..] It turns out that such matter exists. About the time relativity was becoming accepted, studies of radioactivity began showing that the empty vacuum of space had spectroscopic structure similar to that of ordinary quantum solids and fluids. Subsequent studies with large particle accelerators have now led us to understand that space is more like a piece of window glass than ideal Newtonian emptiness. It is filled with 'stuff' that is normally transparent but can be made visible by hitting it sufficiently hard to knock out a part. The modern concept of the vacuum of space, confirmed every day by experiment, is a relativistic ether. But we do not call it this because it is taboo.[6]
@@ottomais
Thank you. You've piqued my interest about space as an ether.
I love when I stumble across another person who wants to share their passion for space with me. Knowledge is one of my favorite gifts to receive, thank you!
Subbed
Great vid👍 I’m a carpenter and have always had a huge fascination with the stars, I’m almost 49 and have seen the changes of the view of our galaxy and universe and it’s been an absolute adventure to where I’m now at the point of the more I learn the less I know🙈😊
As someone who just discovered your content I really like the plugs for your other videos. Their on topic, the tangent isn't intrusive or shilly. I was going to look at your videos ranked most popular anyway but this is great too :)
Since you mentioned Stargate, the premise of the third series “Stargate Universe” is that the gate builders, saw a pattern in the cosmic background, indicating some kind of order at a specific position in the early universe.
And are using the Gates to leapfrog through galaxies to observe that position at different distances, and to hopefully make it there.
It takes literally a billion years to do this and we humans have stumbled upon the project about 800 million years into its journey, by accident :)
A sadly underrated series that lost out to Battlestar Galactica.
@@tobyclayton2597 Both were good series that I enjoyed greatly.
@@tobyclayton2597 I always thought it faded due to be so different from the other stargate shows. it seemed more serious drama than the more campy adventure of the previous 2 series.
@@chaostourist2951 syfy wanted a replacement for BSG after the show ended, so they turned down the campiness of stargate and that's how we got SG:U. it just wasn't a good fit.
SG:U was my favorite one of the series. They did a great job with casting, writing, just everything was great. I was so sad that it didn't last.
I’ve been thinking about this concept for years & this is the first time I’ve seen a science communicator actually bring it up! Props. I’m torn between this kind of loop universe (with the time dimension basically forming a loop that turns spacetime into a 4D torus with black holes on one side of a singularity & the Big Bang on the other side) and the fecund universe model.
That's an extremely interesting ide
As have I! In fact, in Jr.High (Middle School) I wrote a Sci-Fi story with a black-hole -> white-hole as the environmental background that my characters had to deal with.
Same thing! When a white hole was explained to me for the first time as a kid. The big bang was the first thing that came to my mind. I also thought maybe our universe was inside of a black hole!
An infinite wavelength = infinite spin = infinite gravity = black hole…
When you reverse this, you get a wavelength approaching zero = approaching zero spin = infinite anti-gravity = the big bang
Everything from 0 to infinity is a different kind of wave.. from a light wave, to a sound wave, to the time wave…
However, the time wave can never loop - it has a wavelength that approaches 0 - which means that if it were to attempt to return back to the starting point, it would infinitely expand at an accelerating rate so that it could not achieve this… aka, the universe.
Point of order; Dr Becky is an actual SCIENTIST (astrophysicist), not a "science communicator". Bill Nye is a science communicator (a poor one).
The good part about science in humans is that once there is no way to prove something scientifically you still got philosophy and you might say "matter does only matter to humans" and "where there is a beginning there must be an end to it" and the other way around i.e. "if there is no beginning in the first place, there doesn't need to be an end to it". But just like everything we know of tends to become the shape of a ball or circle, it is us running around in circles when trying to get a glimpse of something that lies way beyond - impossible to be witnessed or measured. And just like there is a "circle of life" no one can escape, there might just be a "circle of space and time" in which all matter is captured in a never ending process of expansion and accretion and vice-versa. From the perspective of a philosopher, this could be a simple approach to find sense in life and the universe as a whole.
Your presentations are great ! i only know the basics about space, but you explain things so perfectly that even a brick wall would understand anything you talk about! I also love your enthusiasm when you talk about space, Keep it up ! 😁
Just received your book in the mail yesterday, and got one for a friend at work. We both enjoy nerding out in things we don’t understand. You are slowly, but steadily, helping us grasp the content. Thank you! She laughed when I told her I could listen to you describe paint drying.
Dr Becky should fo a video on paint drying, and how it parallels the formation of the cosmos!!!
next April fools
I need a paint drying video.. !!!
@@LifeandMore7033 tell me you don't know what science is without telling me you don't know what science is.
The Cat : So, what is it?
Kryten : I've never seen one before - no one has - but I'm guessing it's a white hole.
Rimmer : A *white* hole?
Kryten : Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. A black hole sucks time and matter out of the Universe; a white hole returns it.
Lister : So, that thing's spewing time...
Lister : [donning his fur-lined hat] ... back into the Universe?
Kryten : Precisely. That's why we're experiencing these curious time phenomena on board.
The Cat : So, what is it?
Kryten : I've never seen one before - no one has - but I'm guessing it's a white hole.
Rimmer : A *white* hole?
Kryten : Every action has an equal and opposite reaction. A black hole sucks time and matter out of the Universe; a white hole returns it.
Lister : [minus the hat] So, that thing's spewing time...
Lister : [donning his fur-lined hat, again] ... back into the Universe?
Kryten : Precisely. That's why we're experiencing these curious time phenomena on board.
Lister : What time phenomena?
Kryten : Like just then, when time repeated itself.
The Cat : So, what is it?
[Kryten, Rimmer, and Lister stare at Cat]
The Cat : Only joking.
So what is it?
I knew someone would go there!! ❤
Smeghead
insane amount of energy required to start the BIG BANG can not just spontaneously spring into existence. There must be some build up of that energy as a result of a process.
So it's decided then, we consult Holly
I just love the way you explain things, complicated things for the most of us to grip, but you make it a little bit more understandable.
Best explanations ever. There are a very few videos except those from Dr. Becky that may explain such things so clearly and understandable. Dr. Becky is able to structure her thoughts so that a layman can follow. Only those who have really understood the matter themselves can explain it in this way.
Please never stop talking to us about your work and passion.
Sure, when she does it it's OK. When I do it, you go "sir, other people are trying to use the drive-thru".
The Earth is flat and Motionless…… fact ….✅
And never stop scratching !
@@ezza8833 and proof to back that claim up?
@ezza: So, do you actually support white supremacy or are you merely doing nothing more than trolling for your `shits & giggles`?¿
3:07 What a credit! „Credit: Schwarzschild (1916)“
Very good lecture!!! As I’ve wondered for many years, how this universe came to be and how amazingly complex it is, you have presented this complex question very well with the scientific information of today. I thank you!
Your thoughts for the viewer by appologizing for the jewelry was so nice of you. I love your videos.
I love how passionate about you are about the things you talk about! Thank you for doing this for the world :)
This is one of my favorite (as a non-scientist) hypotheses about where the universe came from - that a black hole beyond the event horizon is "punching through" our universe and creating a white hole that forms its own universe. So not only are we inside the event horizon of a black hole, but every black hole in our universe is creating its own universe.
Except for the fact black holes aren't holes, but points
@@artemkras No, they're not holes. We don't know exactly what they are because no information can cross the event horizon. The hypothesis is based on the math that supports the existence of white holes. But you were too busy trying to be a smug asshat than actually check and see if I might be referencing the work of actual scientists.
@@artemkras
#burn
I've said similar here, half in jest. I'm not a scientist either and all this is new to me. But logically, if there is something that is sucking in matter and something that is spewing out matter, then perhaps they are linked. And if that link isn't apparent in our universe then perhaps it's in a different universe. Or, at the very least, outside our universe. We currently have no way of proving anything of course but it is nice to speculate.
@@donkeysunited
I dont think black holes suck matter in per se. Its that they create such a strong gravitational force that objects are naturally attracted to them by the curvature of space/time the black hole creates. Many stars orbit black holes and dont necessarily have to fall into the black holes and our solar system revolves around a super massive black hole.
The event horizon is an area that once passed the gravitational effects are so strong that not even light can escape but again I wouldnt put it that the black hole is sucking it in as this creates the wrong impression. To me it would be like jumping from an airplane and saying the ground is sucking you toward it. That being said we dont know what happens after the event horizon, though some theories would be more valid than others the truth is that anything could be happening.
(I'm not a scientist either).
I have thought about this theory for about 4 months now, its great that someone finally clarified things.
your themes and narration are wonderful !! thank you
I've always wondered this. A massive black hole so big it finally broke through whatever separates realities.
Maybe black holes are the only thing consistent between realities. and all the matter that falls in from each reality feeds the black hole. Which might explain why a lot of black holes are much much bigger than they should be.
@@I_am_evil.With this kind of thinking dark energy could be coming from a black hole connected to some other reality and same could be said for the source of gravity?
Wait and if time and space are reversed in black holes then maybe our universe is just a byproduct of time and matter leaking intra reality? Idk stoner shit😂
Since I was a teenager I've had the thought that our universe was contained within a black hole of a much larger parent universe and that within black holes in our universe there are smaller "child" universes. But I'm no astrophysicist and wouldn't have any idea how to go about testing something like that.
If that was ever the case, and who am I to say it isn't, then there could never and would never be a way to test and/or prove it.
Can't test but probably true. However the theory more religious or philosophical at this point.
Very interesting thought.
@Oni and since being inside the black hole all the dimension of space lead to the singularity or the end of time (the cause of the arrow of time).
@Oni >"Since all galaxies and stars within would be infinitely going towards the singularity".
Not towards singularity but FROM singularity. If there is a universe inside a blackhole, then the habitants percieve the "gateway" as a whitehole. It pushes everything away from it and there only a single 1 white hole in the whole universe you perceive at the time. This also explains why universe is expanding, but the space we have is somehow illusive and probably if you kept going forward you would come back to where you started from.
We need to find and escape through the whitehole to the grander reality.
I'll forget most of the parts I just learned, but that's been a really interesting video, thank you
Kinda blows my mind when Dr Becky does a vod on a topic I've wondered about in a tweet.
This was so fascinating! As a Cosmology student (in the process of actually applying to Oxford lol), this reignited my passion for the subject 😍😍😍😍😍😍
When you are studying it technically and get down into all the maths and the simulations, I feel like some of the fascinations sometimes gets lost. It's wonderful to take a step back and be reminded of why I am doing what I am doing in the first place! The Physics of it is simply mind-boggling 😍😍
Thank you for sharing your excitement about these things!!
I disagree, I think the mathematics of it is also fascinating.
I know the feeling! 😭😂
Good luck with your application dude 👍🏽
I sometimes think a black hole could cause many many small white holes in another dimension, perhaps called particles in our universe. Sorta like a manifold of paths that fill our world with vortexing fields we call stuff. Like a big recycle plant. Ok I’m out.
@Amanda Blair
I know that such insane amount of energy required to start the BIG BANG can not just spontaneously spring into existence.
There must be some build up of that energy as a result of a process.
@@annunacky4463 Please, go on! I'm down for some equations and details. How's it all correspond, I like the direction you were headed in but there's lots of gaps to fill in. Do you posit that it is a better theory than the current one, a supplement to it (if so does it at least fit with our rock solid empirically gained understandings?), or is it just a cool idea? I hope this does not read in a judgemental way.
Love your passion and enthusiasm. You are a perfect advert for encouraging more women into astrophysics. You show that it is not impossible.
Keep up the great work. Like another comment said, you are a great role model
tbh women are perfect for modern day science cos they don't QUESTION what they been taught.
@@arcadealchemist I know it's stupid to give trolls attention, but, what on earth do you think feminism is about? Not questioning prevailing social norms and ideas about gender? And what exactly is so revolutionary about your backward ass sexism?
it means nothing, period>
the real reason FEMINISM was introduced is the same reason any identitarianism is introduced, they give RIGHTS to identity classes that subvert freedoms of Individuals, i mean lets not go as far as talk about IQ levels but anyone who thinks Feminism is about FREEDOM is moronic, the whole gender crap was seeded in 2008 though the Obama administration, now we have adults with a perverted view of the world and because they are being platformed by corporations they are being used to literally create a market loop.
You think what i say is sexist i just see the world in it's TRUE form because I'm not delusional about my individuality and that's why you and people who think like you are always going to be inferior beasts.
That’s very sexist.
@@trunksgx1 As visible, your assumption about trolls is absolutely right! They showed to be so far off reality, probably wanting to provoke negativity and a destructive atmosphere here in the comments.
I always find it much more useful to, as a community, direct our attention on building a positive atmosphere instead. Emphasising our points and making room for _constructive_ criticism and mutual respectful dialogue here.
So I really would like to underline @Matthew's comment and agree, she is a great role model and I can also imagine it to be really encouraging to women who might consider a career in science, generally!
This and 'could there possibly be an universe inside blackholes?' have been two of the many questions I've been curious about for a long time now. Thank you for answering one of these and for sort of assuring me that the second question is not just me being stupid.
Really flattering picture of Dr. Becky if you stop the video at 10:26
So what is it?
All my life, since we read a book about time travel in elementary school, I have always wondered about what I would do if I could view points in time, but not actually be there or interact. The top of my list of things to view has always been the big bang. I would love to be able to view that point in time, or I suppose the beginning of time.
@Vwlss Nvwls
RE: ". . . I have always wondered about what I would do if I could view points in time, but not actually be there or interact."
For that to happen, there would have to be some kind of particle or wave that could instantaneously travel back through time, of being focused on a particular time, and that would be capable of being generated and received by human electronics.
Black hole time moving forward= white hole time moving backwards and vice-verse. so we're in a white hole (expanding) with a bunch of smaller black holes (contracting)
I'm a 75 year old retired Electrical Engineer, and long since loosing my sharp crisp edge, However you Dr. still have explored this area to a much higher finer resolution, and so for you to have speculated as I said with the math and vision cultivated by your education, well I am much comforted that my shallow speculations may infact some day be born out. Thanks so much. And thanks for sharing the things you can actually see, and we can only imagine with your guidance and the guidance of other scientists. Please keep sharing, but always keep substantiating with the proper math and science and telescopic and CERN supported evidence. Thanks.
creation event discarded. that was extremely eye opening!
Brilliant, informative and impassioned description. But all I could think about was that scene in red dwarf when Kryton is trying to explain a white hole 😋
So what is it?!
@@MrOttman001 I've never seen one before -- no one has -- but I'm guessing it's a white hole.
Whiteholespewingtimeenginesdeadadviceplease.
@@TheAbstruseOne I can't understand a word you're saying
Came to the comments to find my people. Hello fellow Dwarfers!
Once again Red Dwarf, in all its ridiculousness has proven to be one of the most complicated pieces of fiction ever written.
I appreciate the way you explain everything so eloquently and clearly. I've spent my entire life reading and studying things about space, astronomy, and astrophysics, including orbital mechanics, ever since I was 8 years old. Most of my learning is now coming via educational TH-cam videos like yours, and I thank you for helping me continue my learning.
I also enjoyed the little bit of singing you did at the end of this video. You make me wish you lived in Fairfield, Iowa, so I could accompany you on my guitar. I've been playing since I was 12.
By way of introduction, my real name is Gerard and I am indeed a computer geek. I run my own business building and repairing computers, and doing networking and all manner of enjoyable computer related stuff.
You should read the Bible.
“All the way back from 1974”, ouch. I was born in ‘74.
Love your channel!!!
My _speculation_ is that there is an infinite field of energy at a wavelength/level that we cannot yet observe. When energy from this field becomes condensed enough, it forms matter. Matter _is_ these little knots of field energy. The condensing of this field into matter (and the more of it in clumps of matter) is what causes gravity. I also _speculate_ that the field tends towards its neutral state before it was perturbed. If matter sits still in the natural field, it tends to dissipate back to the state of the field. The density of the field lends energy to matter and, hence, gravity. In this paradigm, sit still in the field, and matter moves quickly towards resolution with the field. Move through the field, matter can take energy from the field and remain in the same state.
So, move through the field and or experience more of it (density), and time (entropy) happens slower. Stop moving through the field, and time moves more quickly, moving toward entropy and returning the energy that made it to the field.
I'm not a scientist and do not have the vocabulary to really describe my idea correctly. Hopefully, it is clear enough, though. *Maybe @DrBecky can elucidate where our current understanding of physics agrees or disagrees with these ideas.*
I was expecting a red dwarf reference
A *white* hole?
What time phenomena?
@@marko247 so what is it?
Glad to find other smegheads in the wild.
@@chooseyouhandle I've never seen one before, no one has - but I'm guessing it's a white hole.
"There's like a weird crease in the curtains that kind of looks like a velociraptor". Now there's a sentence that's unlikely to have been said before!
I remember the series "Lathe of Heaven!" It was fascinating, esp. the "cure" for the guy with the dreams.
Yep, definitely the stuff of TL;DW right there.
I think you underestimate the number of people in the history of mankind who have been really, really high.
@@jonaskeller4687 Lol! No doubt, but... I've had cause to consider that possibility.
I'm sure it's been said about beef curtains.
Hi Dr. Becky,
I see the concept of BIG BANG bit differently, as i get no answer on what before it, how it started, where will it end . etc.
So I see it like this:
1. as per currently accepted BING BANG theory, universe is expanding from the start of BIG BANG and we know it because if we go backward all coincide to a singular point from where the BING BANG happened and COSMOS started.
2. If we do not stop here and keep going backward in time from the singular BIG BANG point, then space keeps COLLAPSING, cross over this SINGULAR point and keep on moving in the other direction.
3. So if we consider universe as sphere, all mass moving backward in time, collapse to the center of the sphere (SINGUALR point) and then cross over this SINGULAR point and keeps moving in other direction and we see space EXPANDING. so COLLAPSE to one singular point in one frame /direction is same as expansion in opposite frame/direction, at lease mathematically (may be I am incorrect - do not have great knowledge on mathematics).
4. So, in simple terms, without having a high degree of knowledge, it looks like space is expanding always, even before the so called BIG BANG.
5. All in all, above has the assumption that space is expanding in same plane. If we introduce a factor that space expand in curved space also, then this becomes cyclic, every expansion can be seen as collapse in opposite frame/direction and vice versa. and this keeps repeating.
Every beginning has an end, every end is the beginning. End of one is beginning of other.
You're like a british, galaxy-obsessed version of Hannah Bayles. I'm obsessed with your videos.
Just found your channel and loving it! I've recently accepted that life took me in other directions after earning my physics degree, so enjoying it vicariously through you. Keep it up!
Did something better come along despite your degree? Because of it? Or did you decide you were personally over it after graduation? I'd be interested because of...reasons.
@@owlredshift I was a triple science major and eventually went on to get my master's in business. I ended up working as a chemist at a local lab because that was my stronger subject, but always missed my physics fun. Now, I'm more of a businessman because it's paying better and more autonomous.
Whatever your situation, degrees are expensive. They're usually worth it, but make sure you use them to better yourself and find yourself some true happiness, otherwise they're worthless. Hang in there and I'll be thinking of you!
No Red Dwarf reference‽ Blasphemy!
(An otherwise great video though! 😅)
I confess I had that scene going through my head the entire time.
So what is it?
Your explanations are fascinating. I keep thinking about black holes. Me too, I've already thought that they can connect other universes, like the plumbing of a condominium. Will be? From São Paulo, Brazil.
Never ever have I been more tempted to make a Beavis and Butthead reference
Your voice is so lovely to listen to. :)
You make me want to switch my major :( Space is just so freaking cool. I absolutely LOVE your channel! Thank you for doing this
I’m so in love with you Dr. Becky your beauty your knowledge 😍you’re one of a kind!!!
With a blackhole, my understanding is it will eventually "dissolve" from Hawking's Radiation. Would there be an equivalent effect mathematically for a White hole?
what if time right?
what if outside this universe are clumps of matter of black holes so large and vast that they keep bumping into each other and getitng larger and once in a while they get tosome point where they are too large and ...white hole happens to a degree.
think of the sci fi show andromeda when they fired 40 soalr system busting weapons at a blakc hole and temporarily caused it to beccome a white hole or mini big bang
just scale this up where the black hole is the size of universe and something as big glanced it or bigger smashed into it and caused ...our universe....
tehcnically there will never be any way to observe or prove this
cern even tried a few times ot punch holes in universe and apprently the fabric is pretty darn tough
TV show to watch: Your description of a white hole reminded me of the finale double episode of Star Trek Next Generation. Without giving it all away, it has to do with a phenomenon that happens in the future that goes backward in time to affect the past. Would love to see you watch this one. Always a fan-- Ed
If I remember I’d had a whopping great big gaff in it.
It’s called “All Good Things...”
It’s the very last two episodes and it joins the last episodes to the first.
I've always loves quantum mechanics and it does lead to some amazing theories. Like what if due the nature of quantum mechanics and how electrons are not in one spot but multiple at once maybe the white hole was the beginning and all the universe was contained in one spot just because it did in this reality and no other reason. It could happen, and so it did, yet we have no way to quantify or prove that with the way we look at science as it is now. I'm curious to see what developments in that field happen before i die
Hallo Dr. Becky. I love your vlog. Years ago i played with the idea of studying Astrophysics... but in school stumbled in to a third semester Quantum dynamics, which killed this idea instantly... well maybe a first semester would have brought me in... so i only studied Architecture...
Never the less... i would like to see a reaction to the stunning 30 Minutes Video from melody sheep, "Timelaps to the future", a jurney to the end of time untill the last Black hole evaporates..
Its as depressing as it is beautiful and stunning. But with the eyes of an astronomer... it maybe is diffrent...
This reminds me on STNG finale where the singularity forms in the future but expands backwards in time.
“…so what is it?”
Surely this is a precursor to a reaction video on Red Dwarf’s ‘White Hole’ episode!
Oh, at least it wasn't just me.
"I think we have just encountered the middle of this conversation!"
@@vincentpelletier57 "So what is it?"
I've never seen it before, no-one has, but I'm guessing it's a white hole...
Somebody punch @@necrosundergroundout
People of today are so fortunate for people like Dr. Becky…if I had been exposed to hers and others interpretations, my life would have been so fundamentally different. I know people now take this for granted, but for so long, us average folk have been disadvantaged. This is great for humanity. Nice work.
i thought of this when i was about eight, but never saw anybody actually talk about it 😭 i don’t fully understand the physics but i think it’s a very interesting theory
Falling down the rabbit hole is an amazing thing.... sometimes. While watching this, I started to think what would happen if a black hole and white hole collided. Then you mentioned that a white hole would in theory become a black hole. Well if that is the case, at the big bang, the universe expanded until the white hole became a black hole and instead of expanding, the galaxies are being pulled back by a super massive black hole at the center of the universe. I have no idea, but it was fun to think about these things. Thanks for the awesome content.
This is actually something I hadn't considered. It may very well be that, much like a supernova, the universe rapidly expanded due to such density of primordial spacetime energy, but that then some of the energy became a massive primordial blackhole, while the rest was drug through spacetime to become the rest of matter throughout; very interesting hypothesis for the "great attractor"!
@Clayton Geist No the great attractor is small and only accounts for like 50% of our movement in that direction the rest is explained by 2 or 3 galaxy super clusters in that direction unfortunately we just can't see in the direction of the great attractor right now because we're on the wrong side of our galaxy we can't see past our galactic core
brilliant video, you put together so many things that I have heard over the years about quantum gravity and why we need a unified theory and how it relates to the big bang and black holes, and made it easy to understand, and also easy to understand just why its so frustrating to not have that 'unified theory' we hear about so often.
This video somewhat tackles my question of the universe staring from a singularity, and such the universe always existed within the "nothingness". And that universes, or rather, every possible state of imaginable whatevers, in fact, simultaneously exists within a singular point. And so the entire universe can be modeled as a singularity. In the simplest terms I've been able to put it, nothing, and everything, are curiously similar.
Governing the logic that "everything" contains all positive, negative, and imaginary integers, and uses every operation, and so everything cancels eachother out, resulting in null. So, in a sense everything and nothing are equivalent, interchangeable, or perhaps even synonymous. That is of course thinking about everything as a whole, which is perhaps a little to non-euclidian for our brains.
It turns out everything is Schrödinger's cat? lol
Nice video! Reaaaaaally appreciate your work.?!!
Doesn't a singularity usually mean, "The math breaks down here?" and that we need a working version of quantum gravity to get beyond it?
It looks like your answers are subliminal religious messages
As of now, it always does. It means an area or point of space where the density of matter is high enough that gravitational effects cannot remain negligible on the quantum scale, thus escaping description by either general relativity or quantum theory alone.
Such areas of space are theorized to have been of two types: one through the mechanism of gravitational collapse in the case of black holes, as well as one through grand unification in the case of the early Universe between the Planck Epoch and the Inflationary Epoch according to Big Bang cosmology.
there is a saying that if you get a sngularity in your math its the amth that is wrong....you cannot have an existing thing be infinite....in math ...it wrecks things...
@Blah blah Halb halb
haha |My math doesn't break.."
your so broken its not funny math cant deal with it cause ther eis no amth that can no matter what scale you try a singularity 100% of time means the math is broken and doesnt work
you will lie if you say otherwise and any true physacist will agree...its why they keep trying differant ways to "MAKE STUFF WORK"
@Blah blah Halb halb
thats an incorrect supposition that if you cant see your start how will you then predict a path of said "stuff" you cant and thus this is also why there is descrpanxcies in expansion of universe speeds at differant times of the universe
see comsic inflation issues and why gooth i ferget exact spelling tried for years and made a patch work over existing math ot make somehting appear to work , but cant explain why it happens
this is my issue the patching over pathcing to just make things work is realllllllly stretching the limits of what is probably really happening there at beginning
and like i said if nothing can escape a black hole how did the universe even exist in the state before the big bang
you cant answer that cause answering calls into question all the science that comes after which is as they say anomyalous to be nice
So if we're running every thing backwards it makes one wonder if there's something analogous to Hawking radiation leaking INTO this imagined white hole. A trigger for Penrose's CCC?
@@nemlehetkurvopica2454 Yeah I agree - mine was simply a provocative comment - but white holes are pretty nonsensical as well. But to be fair (my understanding is) CCC is too poorly developed to be "disproved".
Is it not currently accepted that, in the unimaginably distant future, all matter will find its way into black holes, which will all eventually (Hawking) radiate, just leaving a universe with ONLY entangled photons. Each single photon will spread to occupy all of space (Schrodinger) in the 'same' place (no Pauli exclusion) thus leaving a universe WITHOUT time or dimension. Measurement of any kind becomes nonsensical, kind of like... the beginning!
Just an FYI, your necklace kept bumping into your microphone, making weird clicks. There are techniques in some audio post-processing software that can remove these clicks, though I can't remember them off the top of my head. Basically, you pick and isolate a few samples of the click, then the software removes all matching patterns.
13:10 now that is a wonderful question to end on because it gives an interesting possible solution to investigate for what caused the big bang and why the universe is expending.
Also a potentially interesting idea for how the concept of multi-verses might function.
I like the idea that what we see as the microwave background is actually the inside shell of a black hole in another universe (with potentially different physical laws) and our universe is actually falling into a gravity well getting smaller and smaller (from the perspective of the other universe), shrinking. But because our own perspective is also shrinking, it looks to us like our universe is expanding. I have no idea if this idea could be supported mathematically.
I agree with this perspective wholeheartedly! I only have a youtube education in cosmology, but I'm obsessed with contemplating the nature of the universe, and your description is a treatise to my own philosophical conclusions. You expressed the idea very well, thank you!
I heard Becky say that the big bang couldn't be a white hole because spacetime itself was being emitted from it, ergo the singularity has no location in spacetime. Is it not also true that spacetime itself flows toward the singularity of black holes?
Now if I may share my own speculation: Perhaps there is only one black hole, or rather there aren't any at all, but we are treated to a multitude of perspective-based illusions that we call black holes. I think that if the singularity of the big bang can be seen as the beginning of time, then a black hole is a perfectly valid end of time. Except ... I don't think that's quite right. I think these cosmic horizons are just the apparent locations of regions of "time reversal" where spacetime sort of ... folds back on itself - at least from our perspective. I've heard it described that an observer falling into a black hole would (hypothetically) witness the rest of the history of our universe unfold, seeing the heat death of the universe at the event horizon. However, I feel that approaching that horizon, for the observer, would only cause it to recede. You can't get to the point where the the railroad tracks come together. It's just spatiotemporal(sp?) paralax!
I hope that reads well, it's a difficult idea to express with our current language and models.
The insane amount of energy required to start the BIG BANG can not just spontaneously spring into existence. There must be some build up of that energy as a result of a process.
Your description sounds like universes within universes. First the mind melt concerned whether the universe was finite or infinite and we concluded that we are within curved time space to resolve those two conflicting concepts. And now we are contemplating nesting the “spheres” within “spheres” as a means of resolving singularities. Weird, very weird, but still obviously imaginable. What’s next? That’s a fascinating part of cosmology - no matter how bizarre, it’s been imaginable. A hard part is still gaining acceptance for the new concepts. Hopefully great science will continue and regain society’s respect again.
@@reasonerenlightened2456 First, that amount of energy is „insane“ only from our limited perspective as tiny parts within that system. Second, you‘re completely avoiding the incredibly counterintuitive mathematical fact that any possible event, however insanely improbable, in the context of infinities becomes inevitable.
@@adameager7114 love your thinking - my brain is currently folding in and out of itself thinking about all this :)
I'm so glad you covered this. Someone asked me once what i thought about white holes, I'd never heard the term before, and when they said it was the exact opposite of a black hole my instince was "that couldn't exist. It violates conservation of mass and energy on way too large a scale" it's nice to hear the models back up that instinct.
"Basic math stuff, like calculus" oof that one hurt
Dr. Becky I have a maybe stupid question about the expanding universe that I have tried to ask many, many smart heads about, but I have never got an answer, do You know where to ask such questions?
Dr.Becky!!!! Im studying Astronomy and you are a huge inspiration! I appreciate the time you put into your videos and I hope once I'm an astronomer too I can also share knowledge like you are doing !!! Much love !!! Loved this vid!!!
Dr Becky! As someone who loves Space I'm a huge fan of your videos I have never seen such an enthusiastic Astrophysicist before😄 you explain complex concepts in a. Simple way.Thank you for this channel😊
She reminds me of Brian Cox
Thanks Asha! Glad you like my videos 🤗👍
@@Ligma-Balls-69 I like Cox
Space is fake AF
research flat earth😁
@@flatearthjackal9201 nice joke dumbass🤣 I guess you have all those stupid 100 conspiracy videos to debunk
Is there a way to judge direction of the universes expansion from our point of reference to determine the center point of the universe...
slight error, GUTs don't include gravity, TOEs (Theories of Everything) do - but it's a minor point - great video!
That was a fine bit of science communication! Thank you Dr. Becky. And hello from Kentucky👍
Hi Kentucky 👋
Love your chicken!
One question I’ve been wondering about, which might be (read: almost certainly is) totally off-base, but I’m curious about how:
White holes would emit matter. But they wouldn’t emit spaceships or chairs or asteroids or anything, because entropy. They would emit something maximum-entropy given their constraints. They would emit *blackbody radiation*. And because conservation of energy, they would get smaller by doing so, until they disappeared.
So are there any phenomena that emit blackbody radiation and shrink until they disappear, and are singularities in spacetime? Yes, yes there are.
Is it possible that, under a unified GR and QM, white holes are just black holes?
white holes are not the same as black holes. You were right, you're totally off-base
@@vicc6790 I’ve heard this stated as a fact but never with any kind of explanation. Suppose I’m flying in my spaceship near a massive object; how do I tell which it is. What actual observation could I make to distinguish them?
It’s not the obvious answer of “black holes are black and white holes are white”, because black holes glow, though usually not in the visible spectrum unless they’re tiny. Unless there’s reason to think a white hole would have a different spectrum? And it’s not the more sophisticated answer that black holes absorb stuff without emitting it, and white holes emit stuff without absorbing it, because black holes do emit Hawking radiation.
So what observation could I make, or what experiment could I run, to distinguish them?
Wonderful video! My question is (partially) answered :)
oh yesss!!!!!!!i have been questioning this for the years(i never real asked anyone cause..it just seems far-fetched)...and yes,my quest has been satiated:indeed a splendid rendition thank you
So what happens to the Pauli exclusion principle when everything collapses into one singularity?
We won't really know until we have a solid theory of quantum gravity. But my understanding of the theory is that a black hole produces literally infinite compressive force at its center, so Pauli Exclusion doesn't have a chance.
Physical singularities probably don't exist, they are a sign of a model that breaks down at such scales. My guess is some quantum weirdness occurs at those energy levels.
Matter breaks down releasing its mass into energy? I dunno.
@@ThatCrazyKid0007 I agree this is most likely, and it seems like a lot of physicists agree. IMO the next most likely scenario is that space behind the event horizon just kind of doesn't exist/have meaning (or even some freaky combination).
When I was getting my physics degree I was always under the impression from one of my professors that mathematically black holes could not exist without a white hole. Again as I understood it, this is the entire premise to how “wormholes” could form… can someone rectify this for me?
Well mathematically it is possible that every object has its inverse. So it's just theoretical possibility doesn't mean it actually exists (at least in our universe or at least until we discover it without any doubt).
@@GiovannaIwishyou but remember, all those inverses have facial hair, esp goatees. It's a law.
1) Paradox. Everyone loves a paradox!
2) If infinity wasn't a thing, we could solve the universe already.
3) Great channel!! :)
One of the great storytellers. Respect 2 Becky.
"So what is it?" - Cat
"I've never seen one before, no one has, But I'm guessing it's a white hole." Kryten
@@goldenknight578 So what is it?
@@StockportJambo I've never seen one before, no one has, But I'm guessing it's a white hole.
@@goldenknight578 So you mean that thing is spewing time back out into space?
@@StockportJambo Precisely. That's why we're experiencing these curious time phenomena on board.
I've never thought about this but my first thought after reading that was this...
If the Big Bang was a White Hole, then does that mean the Universe is so vast, obviously past the observed, that an area of nothingness was filled up by the materials coming out from the White Hole.
Or
What if it was a White Hole, but the Great Crunch occurred and created a White Hole to then release another Universe of materials from it?
hah! Yes! I love it you mentioned Stargate and I just watched the video you reacting to it, that show did so much relativity lollygag well before Interstellar did their own! Also fan of the show, yey!
I've been thinking about this since around 2000..!! 2 membranes connected like balloons with differing energy densities equalizing!
I had a really interesting theory about White Holes. What if a white hole was anti-matter condensed into an infinitely small point, but because anti-matter and normal matter react differently than each other, could anti gravity act on antimatter the same way that gravity acts on normal matter?
anti matter and matter is the very same mass
Ok, but if a white hole is anti-matter, guess what it spews out ? Anti-matter.
I think you mean negative mass which is completely different. Anti matter is jjst anti protons and electron which still have positive mass meaning positive gravity still acts on it while negative mass is something completely different and could open up a discussion about it
@@blackflash-gf9ln Are you that versed in my theory? I said what I said, and until we are able to do a detailed study of a white hole, or a study disproves my theory or gives me sufficient reason to call my own theory into legitimate question, I will stand by my theory.
@@dkeffectdetector8920 true but they tend to annihilate one another when they come into contact with each other, which is partially what lead me to the aforementioned theory.
Yeah, this is the cure for my dead-calm afternoon at work.
Space is fake AF
research flat earth😁
if you haven't already, love to hear what you think about the interstellar plot with space time.
"We have no idea how a white hole would even form."
Christopher Nolan: "Tenet."
Becky goes so hard bruh. She don’t just have the good hair, she got the good brain.
"And like how a black hole once its formed, is gonna live forever, and exist forever afterwards.". Hawking radiation suggests otherwise.
Given the fact Hawking radiation goes in quanta, there is a point, when an infinitely small/exhausted black hole can no longer emit any quantum of such radiation, as it is already smaller than that, thought it still exists. Would that qualify for "forever"?
@@RaubeR666 no it would in effect vanish at some point as all its mass cant keep tight enough to be said to be a black hole anymore
@@chronosschiron please, have a look at this th-cam.com/video/srVKjWn26AQ/w-d-xo.html explanation, maybe you'll find it a bit more convincing
@@RaubeR666
ive already seen that and here is why that prolly isnt case either think of one going into your head ya...ya um owww....and the lhc proved they evaporate faster the smaller they are...so...ya also not probable
@@RaubeR666
also whikle our time of observing the sky is not long we have never seen ever any evidence of any black hole exploding
it never happens they jsut gobble up and get bigger
is there a point when they are too big they rip themsleves apart ...maybe , maybe its about the size that woudl contain all the matter in this universe....\
Thank you Dr. Becky for saying that Interstellar's black hole scenario also annoyed you, as an astrophysics student myself, I was super annoyed and everyone was hammering down on me for dissing Interstellar.
Hmm, I also watched you episode from Feb 2022 about positive and negative feedback around black holes this week which triggered the same question as you pose at the end of this. The theory of other the big bang being a white hole and universes forming as energy from our universe flows into black holes really resonates with me. I’ve struggled with the question of what happens to all the energy and matter that a black hole hoovers up. Shouldn’t it go somewhere or transform somehow? The white hole theory makes sense. You’ve painted this picture in my mind of black holes as these points in space and time where everything, space, time, light, energy, and matter are all compressed with such force that they burst through to another side or into another dimension. But at the centre of a black/white hole it would just be a steady flow of energy and matter from one side/dimension/universe to another due to the compression of time caused by the immense gravity field. So instead of this violent cataclysmic start of everything with a big bang, perhaps we’re part of something even bigger . . . some sort of elastic fluid reality that is simultaneously expanding and contracting and our perception of expansion or contraction is merely dependent on where we are in the continuum. Many thanks for yet another mind blowing episode 😃👍
If it is literally the other side of a black hole, then running it backward would shoot out functioning stars and galaxies and universes. You take our current universe, run it backward to the Big Bang, and emerge on the back side at the end of a different star/galaxy/universe. Maybe?
No
Great contribution lol
"We're on a massive tangent here..."
But if the tangent's massive enough, it will slow time relative to the rest of the video and you'll have as much time as you need to talk about it!
*Human compression algorithm:* 10% of original file size is really good.
*Universe compression before big bang:* 0.000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001% of universe
*Humans:* 🤯
Hey Becky this was a great video! :) 2 questions though.
Why did the bing bang expand in one direction rather than all 360 degrees as explosions usually do?
Also do you think the Big Bang maybe it was a black hole that sucked everything up in a previous universe and ran out of matter to inhale and maybe that caused the explosion?
I'm no expert but I assume you got this idea of the universe expanding in a specific direction from the picture at 10:40? That isn't the case though. It's just an illustration with a timeline at the bottom to make it easier to understand the evolution of the universe.
As for your second question; black holes shouldn't suddenly explode because they run out of matter to absorb. I suppose it is possible that there was a previous universe that collapsed into a singularity which then gave birth to our universe. Perhaps if a black hole absorbs enough mass then the consequence would be something akin to the Big Bang, but that would probably require physics that we're unaware of since nothing is supposed to leave a black hole.
Regardless, whatever happened before the Big Bang is not something we're able to figure out yet, as she explains in the video, but the subject certainly is fascinating.
@@Mortac I’m just thinking like maybe if it gathers enough matter inside that maybe it can start something like anti gravity or something like that. It is definitely interesting and I’m very intrigued, I’m just someone who likes science and stuff not a professional and I’m excited to possibly find out these answers when people find out.
I remember reading an article that said that NASA had observed the end of a white hole in that they saw the Phenomenal spewing matter into a universe
Thank you for your clear explanation of the difference between a white hole and the singularity at the beginning of the universe. I love your channel