Pre-Christian Paganism in Early-Medieval Frisia | UiO Student Conference 2023
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 มิ.ย. 2024
- In the Early Middle Ages, Frisia in its broadest extent was the geographic area encompassing the coastal areas of parts of Belgium, the Netherlands, Germany and into Denmark. Culturally and linguistically close to Anglo-Saxon England and the Norse in Scandinavia, the question of what religion was observed in Frisia before the arrival of Christianity along with the Carolingian Frankish conquests starting in 719 AD with the death of King Redbad is a particularly interesting one. In this video, I'll look at what we can glean from historical, linguistic, and archaeological sources about pre-Christian religion in Frisia during this time as part of the First UiO Student Conference on Pre-Christian Religion hosted by students of the Viking and Medieval program at the University of Oslo.
Music Used:
Impact Allegratto - Kevin MacLeod
The Pyre - Kevin MacLeod
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#asatru #pagan #frysk
Introduction
0:00 Expostition
2:41 Rough Timeline of coversion
7:26 Types of Sources
Analysis
11:22 Sacred places
19:58 Sacrifice and more
33:10 Funerals
43:47 Material Culture
53:29 Conclusion
56:21 Questions
Hallo Hilbert, what about the Nortsea? Was this called the Frisian sea?
Was Nort-frisia ment to make trade easier than from Greater Frisia. As for Hedeby f.i.
Hallo Hilbert, zoals je weet handelden friezen al eeuwen met Engeland. In romeinse tijd werden friezen ook 'misbruikt' in het romeinse leger.
Dit was voor 536 AD. Friezen waren all-over- the place. Oud-engels en Oud-fries zijn bijna hetzelfde.
Mijn gevoel zegt dat we als friezen, ook omdat we het land moesten verlaten i.v.m. te veel water veel meer aanwezig waren in East-anglia en Kent.
Ik vond de opmerking van een mw. in ee historisch programna heel reëel ' If I wear a jeans does not mean I'm from the USA'.
Durf jij je idee uit te spreken ?
I easily forget this guy does a lot of scholarly work outside of TH-cam and see him as just a guy on TH-cam who makes videos about language and history.
First time I discover that he is a professor? And first time seeing his face too 😳
I think he is still a student.
@@powdergate From the description "First UiO Student Conference on Pre-Christian Religion hosted by students of the Viking and Medieval program at the University of Oslo." implying that it is students giving the lectures.
@@powdergate I can confirm he’s still a student. I was in attendance at this conference and attended classes with Hilbert, as well as the other presenters of this conference. as my peer last semester at UiO.
Both Abrahamic and Ibrahamic cults are extremely satanic in nature. Where ever they spread they decimated and absolutely destroyed the local culture and threw the new converts into perpetual dark ages. Until the people liberated themselves with French Revolution of liberty equality and fraternity with secularism and free speech. This decapitated and debilitated the evil satanic clergies who hounded others in the name of paganism and blasphemy. Islam is still under that spell.
Our man really decided to share an absolute goldmine with us today.
YeeeeeHhhhh snukmak.
1-hour long video about Pre-Christian Frisia. Unfathomably based.
Need more!
10/10 would definitely watch again
based on what?
@@spacepug1246 Cringe
Based or biased?
this guy inspires me to start my own history channel on netherlandish history
Great to hear!
Go for it! I’ll watch..
@@catnotpat3693 Thanks, it’ll likely be featured on this channel’s featured channel section, will take a couple of weeks tho cuz i’m currently re-decorating my room, first video will likely be about the medieval flemish migration to the british isles
there's a few of those already, good playlists too!
Just subscribed in advance
Great lecture Hilbert!
As a long time on-and-off follower of this channel, this is my first time I see the "face" of this channel. Nice to meet you, Hilbert! Despite the duration, I really enjoyed this lecture, don't mind more of these! 🙂 Thanks!
Is this same man that narrates, what an incredible historian. I've listened to the first third and it is so packed with info. 🧚♂️☘️
Baie interessant. Na my stamvader in 1690 Leeuwaarden verlaat het vir die Kaap, het ek uiteindelik laasjaar die stad van my voorouer se herkoms met my eie oë gesien. Geniet jou video's, hou so aan!
What language is that?
I can almost understand it, as I could with Dutch (being a German speaker), but DeepL can't properly translate it as that.
@@jkr9594 it's Afrikaans. :)
Altijd leuk om Afrikaans te zien.
Ik heb het geboortehuis van Jan van Riebeeck gezien toen ik een keer in Kuilemburg /Culemborg moest zijn.
Bedankt voor al deze informatie. Ik ben van fries bloed (helemaal terug kunnen traceren tot 1600) en erg geïnteresseerd in het geloof van frisia.(Ook studeer ik celtureel erfgoed) Ik beschouw mijzelf pagan. Dit is zeer informatief. Bedankt!
Interessant. Als Brabander ben ik niet heel bekend met de geschiedenis van de Friezen. Ik weet er wel het een en ander van, maar niet zo gedetailleerd als mij nu is voor geschoteld.
Heel erg bedankt. Het was super Interessant.
Mooi dat je het interessant vond! Als je meer wilt weten over de periode ben je van harte welkom in onze Facebook groep: Early Medieval Frisia and Frisians:
facebook.com/groups/1801761310216482/
I've always loved the story of Redbad and his near baptism. Because really, who wants to spend eternity with strangers when you can spend eternity with your family and friends that you loved in this life.
One of my favorites too!
You think eternal damnation in hell is like ‘spending quality time with your loved ones? I feel sorry for him.
@@michielvanasten3021 I don't believe in heaven or hell. So, Redbads take on things is pretty much my own.
@@michielvanasten3021 only christians believe that though, so when trying to convert someone worried about who they will spend the afterlife with telling them that your god will but them and all their friends and loved ones through eternal suffering for not going to the right holy site or saying the correct foreign prayer formula isnt a great sell tbh
@@michielvanasten3021 It sounds like he didn't grasp the new concept of an exclusive religion, that just believes other gods and afterlives don't even exist, and believes that people not raised in Christianity are somehow still subject to it. This was a really weird idea to pagans.
The guy was treating it like every other potential religion he could observe. He didn't choose hell over heaven. He chose his own religion's set of afterlives, over the Christian set of Heaven and Hell. He probably thought of Hell as a place for Christians who don't make it to Heaven.
He‘s a gifted presenter, seemingly rather intelligent and knows his stuff, very enjoyable. I worked in the same profession, i.e. university.
This was a wonderful lecture! Thank you for posting it and letting us all see it. You made mention of a lecture by a fellow presenter named Conner about Anglo-Saxons and the keynote speaker after you. Is there anywhere we can go to see more lectures from this conference?
Thanks Asher! I did record three other lectures held at the conference but alas not Connor's. I'll be uploading them in the next few weeks.
@@historywithhilbert146 GREAT LECTURE ! i want to ask a question - or just share the info - in modern day russia - on volga river around Jaroslavl city same happen - people gone(they were more like vikings and finish - and had a conection to them) and then place was repopulated at about exact the same time as uv showed
@@historywithhilbert146 Looking very much forward to more, fine videos. Is it possible to ask the presenters of the videos you did not tape, if they had anybody else do it? I'm just so VERY interested!
Thanks for this insight in early Dutch history.. I hope we can expect more of these interesting video's.
Excellent scholar's cradle and emphasis through arm movement
Been interested in Frisia ever since I found out my Father's last name is DeVries, which means "The
Frisian." Never met my Father, but also did a 23 and Me test and the number 1 region in the "Germanic" category was Friesland. Accurate!
Isnt your last name De Vries as well if your father is called De Vries?
@@markus-2600may use their mothers maiden name
Very good video. Excellent information, you cleared up some of the murky information on the available on the internet about this topic.
Excellent lecture. It reveals a time period that seems so mysterious and unlike our present-day modern world.
This was so interesting and informative. Really enjoyed
It would be great to hear this guys thoughts on the Codex Oera Linda
I was born in Holland and my grandfather is from Friesland. I have always wondered about my ancestry and appreciate this video. Thank you for posting!
Can I ask you a question?
My great grandfather was also from Friesland but emigrated to the US, but he had a TON of photos because he was a photographer. In some of the photos, there's small, handmade brooms hanging over the doors, do you happen to know what the significance of that would be? I've always been curious.
It is a protective symbol against negative influences from outside, curses or bad-tempered spirits
Some Bazbattles vibes with the music 😉
Hey hilbert!! Could you do a video about bards in celtic culture and their importance and maybe mention some famous bards? I'm a huge history buff and also a musician so I have a big respect for the bardic culture of early history.
The amount of time and effort you put in researching the history of my homeland is astounding! Amazing video and good luck with your studies!
Fantastic presentation.
Nice to see this lecture!
Great presentation! Thank you!
As a Dutchman I really enjoyed this look into a part of our history that's not taught enough. Also can I ask where you bought those glasses? im looking for a pair just like that lmao
Fascinating, excellent vid. I remember when normal TV was this good. Sadly, those days are long gone.
Fascinating lecture! Thank you
An excellent lecture, Hilbert! Heartiest congratulations!
Very interesting and Greatly enjoyed.
kind regards,
Robert.
Excellent work ! Thank you so much, my favourite subject !
love your channel, im hoping you will cover Dorestad in the future. would love to know more.
Great lecture, thanks for sharing
Thank you so much for sharing this! Really interesting stuff.
Also fun to discover that apart from living 300 metres from one of the first sights Willibrordus founded a church in Holland, I also live relatively close to what could've been a sacred site!
I enjoy seeing your face and you speaking! Thanks for sharing! ❤
With the similarity they share with the Frisians, I hope this means you will be making a video on pre-Christian Saxony and the Saxon Wars!
Excellent lecture, Hilbert!
What an articulate presenter. As good in real life as on TH-cam
Thank you - glad you enjoyed the lecture :)
amazing info - mate u r great!
Very interesting talk, much appreciated.
Super interessant en je bent een geweldige spreker!
Wachenen and the well thing is very similar to the Old Frisian story of Redbad and Charlemagne where there is mention of a place called 'Wachense' and a well also appears.
Boniface brings Christian Message to Frisians
Frisians: idk your god sounds lame bruh
Boniface sees them respecting a holy tree more than his own God that he's trying to import
Boniface doesn't want to seem like the runt in the pack of lackeys the Church unleashed into the world, needs a big, resonating gesture and quick.
Boniface cuts their holy tree like "THAT will convert them"
Boniface gets killed (Maybe for being an entitled idiot with no respect for other people that don't think the way he does, maybe not)
CHRISTIAN CHURCH at the time: BONIFACE'S A SAINT, HE DID NO WRONG, LETS REMEMBER HIM FOREVER
Propaganda has existed forever, don't you just LOVE IT
Thank u Prof. Hilbert.
On the isle of Ameland is a well called the Fostabron, once a sacred well, dedicated to Fosite. It is located just outside Nes. Whoever scooped out water was not allowed to say anything. The land around it and the cattle that grazed on it were also sacred. Ameland was called Fostaland before.
Interesting! I'll check that out and see if there's a possible connection there. Do you have a source on it being It Amelân? Most interpretations I've seen suggest it's Heligoland being referred to in the texts.
@@historywithhilbert146 Waling Dykstra writes about Ameland formerly being known as Fostaland (not to be confused with Fositesland which allegedly is Heligoland) in his 19th century book called "Uit Friesland's volksleven". Waling Dykstra writes about the goddess Fosta (not Fosite) that was allegedly formerly worshipped there. It is probably not the best source though since it claims to base this story on the oral tradition of that time, but it might still be an interesting read. Tresoar has the book digitally available for free if you are interested.
@@Weda01 Looks like a different genitive form.
The island 'Helgoland' was the place where Fosite was located. Helgoland or in Frisian 'Hilgeland' means 'Holy land'. It is the old sanctuary place of the Frisians. The frisian island are very young. The didn't even exist in old germanic Friesland.
Can't wait to see more!
Thanks Amba, I'll be uploading the other recorded lectures in the next weeks.
@@historywithhilbert146 That's great, I'm looking forward to it.
I like how the wells are described very good summary.
Well done! 👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
Det bar utrolig bra!!!!! So good! I am American and here just for fun but my boyfriend is an archaeology student in Trondheim and I know he’d get 100% more out of it. It’s wonderful to learn more about European peoples that don’t have modern-day states
Jeg var veldig imponert over forelesningen :))
Cool, man! Heel erg leerzaam!
Dank!
Zeg Hilbert je zegt nu wel d'r is geen geschieds schrijving uit Friesland uit die tijd , maar wat denk je dan over de Oera linda, onzin, of besmet omdat Himmler er mee aan de haal ging tijdens de tweede wereld oorlog. Ik heb het ding gelezen en het is toch wel een episch verhaal allemaal.
bedankt!
the point about the importance of geography is fascinating
39:50 maybe I misheard but I think you said Jemgum is in Westfriesland. I recently wrote a paper where I mentioned the canoe and Jemgum is in Ostfriesland (Germany) unless it's known differently abroad? Loving this presentation so far though!
Definitely East Frisia.
I wonder if instead Redbad might be saying that if his ancestors were doomed to hell, and therefore ignominy, then Christianity should be rejected.
Descendent of Frisians in America. Thank you for what you do!
Watching from Greece.hi everybody.
Great documentary.
Thankyou
Wow, I’m amazed you didn’t do an earlier video on the subject. Shout out to my boy, Wodekind *sp
My girlfriend is from West-Friesland (the region in North-Holland, not the province) and it has fascinated me that traces of Frisian can be found in the current traditional dialects of Holland and even that a Frisian language (now extinct South-Frisian) was spoken in North-Holland until the 17th century
The golden axe story is interesting, as it may display a reflex to the divine twins who were axe-wielding warriors who would manifest to seafarers in need. Road of the Gods would imply a liminal passage to a celestial/ underworld realm and the twins were well known to enable passage to the divine realm as they traveled with the rising and setting sun. This is a brilliant talk btw
Also, the axes heads of the divine twins likely symbolized the sun, especially as its golden
Indeed the christians made many more sacred “pegan” holy-sites theirs. Like places where holy-oaks stood and such. Only a few still exist today and a small group uses them for sacred rituals in secrecy.
I’m a Dutch (Frisian by blood) and i see (and hear by intonation of todays language) many more other signs of christian usage of pegan-rituals and even symbols. (Even the “holy-cross has variations).
I’am researching my heritage, the language and some of the symbols (all in connection with todays) myself for decades now.
I will reveil all of this in a book someday with all references and footnotes for further research and/or for debunk some other theory’s.
Hope you’ll read my book when it’s finished.
With kind regards, Theo Tjeerd Ploegstra son of Harke, son of Simon, son of Harke, son of Symon, son of Harke Reinders, son of Reinder Harkes, son of Harke Reinders, son of Reinder Hobbes, son of Hobbe Reyns, son of Reijn Jans, and so on, and so on😅
Thank you. I was born in East Frisia - although it's of course not really culturally Frisian, like nobody actually speaks a Frisian language. But I'm very interested in the history of Frisia anyway.
Great video, very nformative stuff!
BTW Could ye drop a link to that map with toponyms and to that list of "Oliver von Rensvauder"? (I have no idea how to spell it that name, sorry)
I would very much appreciate that.
On the place names: I've always felt that the name of Aalsmeer had a different meaning than the current idea. ("eel-lake"?)
Using the definition at 32:31 of "Aal" / "Ealh", a possible interpretation would be Holy Lake? (Mere/Meer being the same word).
It's also funny how many claim that even though we're pretty much on the border of South Holland, the Aalsmeer dialect is something more related to Frisian than the surrounding area. I doubt if that's true but I have to admit that true local elders are barely understandable to outsiders. And this is a little town in the middle of the modern Randstad.
People have these very folksy ideas about language varieties being "related" to others. in truth, the only relations expressable are between speakers, not the groupings we put them into.
@@SNDKNG This is simply untrue, languages can be and are often related through a common ancestor.
@@-_pi_- Pure midwittery I'm afraid. Its an unearned extension of the hereditary metaphor. Orthodox, certainly, but mistaken nonetheless
@@SNDKNG How so?
alle meren -> Almere ;]
Ik stjoerde dit nei myn Fryske skoanfamkes!
Geweldich! Tank foar 't diele!
You wouldn't happen to be interested in making a video about early slavic tribes? I myself am a descendant of the karantanians (slavs that came to modern day Austria in around the 6/7th century AD, before the bavarians! We are still here by the way, in southern Carinthia) and since my ancestors get fairly little attention I'd love such a video :)
Thanks in advance/Hvala v naprej!
Slavic Affairs has some good videos on the origins of the Slavs. Some of early Slavic tribes were actually ruled by the Vikings during the Kievan Rus. That is interesting about the Karantanians, I will have to look them up more. Part of my family is from Bohemia from my Dad's side. Bohemians kicked some Holy Roman Empire ass during the Hussite rebellion.
Glad to see old Frisians versus new Frisians being examined...
Kiitos:D from Finland
Hearing such perfect dutch pronunciation from a Geordie pleases me in such a niche way I'm at a loss for words
The amount of surprising things in this presentation was more than I could count. Marks from birds on the bones? And the one eyed Jesus! I’m gonna watch this again.
Hälsningar från Sverige!
Fascinating. A consideration for possible further discussion is that the Frisian might be the easternmost Doggerland refugees and connected to the pre-Celtic Briton populations. Possibly slightly removed from the early Neolithic farming movements from the east by the boggy nature of the countryside.
During the Merovingian era Frisia was at some point on friendly terms with the Merovingians. The Merovingian king Dagobert I had castles near Utrecht. And Frisian king Aldigisl had a friendly relationship with Dagobert II. Wilfrid from York spend a whole winter as guest of Aldigisl before traveling to meet Dagobert II. The Frisian where know as good traders with a whole network across the Frisian sea.
Very nice serious presentation. I certainly understand there is only so much you can pack in an hour.m, but much can be added comparing religion with pre Christian Sachsen and Frank. Your point that corpses may have been dissected by birds is extremely interesting. The Parsis of India (and persia) is do the same u til today. Any connection?
Thanks Christean! Comparative approaches are very useful when we don't have too much to go on for the region, so that's definitely a field to explore for another time. In terms of the Indian connection, it's possible there are shared Indo-European concepts of what happens after death at play which inform the funerary rites, though as I mentioned in the lecture we find evidence of excarnation among a lot of historical and contemporary peoples across the world and there can be a multitude of factors involved in why people may choose to handle their dead in that way.
@@historywithhilbert146 no doubt true what you say Hilbert Native American Indians have a somewhat similar rite but nobody can maintain it is a related practice with a common Origin to the Frisians. The Zoroastrian fire practice might, perhaps maybe have that connection through its info Germanic roots. The neighboring Vedics were well know for their horse burials which have been found not just on the sub continent but also in most parts of Europe. So maybe……
'voorzitter', literally 'foresitter', is the person who sits before, or who is foresitting (Ned. voorzittend - that/onewho sits before), as in the sense romance president(e) (Lat. praesidente), would seem to more of calque of the Latin prae praesessor/presessor. Modern Frisian is 'foarsitter'. Etymologies of place names are hard because these names change and evolve in a different manner from the functional vocabulary.
Damn, I missed such a beautiful lecture... Unfortunately they did not inform us about it at NHA
We might be holding another conference in April or early May - we'll put posters up as advertisement again and I'll put a post up on TH-cam and on some of the other social media pages so keep an eye out on those :)
@@historywithhilbert146 Where to look for the poster?
This is pretty awesome but needed more Wilhelmus!
UiO students represent!!!
Would love to see this done in Dutch, so I can share it with my family
Je had het over twee anderen die een lezing gaven.
Zijn die ook op beeld te zien ergens?
the homeland of my surname. and ive never been anywhere near the netherlands.. but thats where my blood is traced to. so many questions.. interesting video, thanks.
The thing about springs is interesting because there are so many place names in Germany that reference natural speings.
Doesn't England have a lot of mythology of certain spirits or monsters who protect such places? I wonder if that is an element of the sacred spring concept also?
In a flood a ship is a safe place to be, and a ship would be a nice and useful thing to have in an after-life.
You're living in Oslo? A suprise to be sure, but a pleasant one
17:37 the literally translation to german is
Glitzern heißt das Sold (Salary) (solidus= Goldmünze)
Hat er goldene Stützen und Silbern flach ist's selbst
Ein flackern Vorsitzender "byggvir" (servant of freyr) fast den ganzen tag schweben alle Sachen ( streitsachen).
No mention of the rune stick that was found?
@47:14: That symbol that's talking about the language of birds has the Paleo-Hebrew letter Peh on the top of it. It's where our letter P comes from.
The letter Peh is a picture of a mouth.
That's also one of the 32 symbols that have been discovered in cave paintings on 6 continents, some of them date back to Neanderthals.
Those are lips. You can't say P without your lips.
It's a picture of bilabial phonetics, and you can buy a copy of the Torah with the same exact letter it it today.
That letter has had the same meaning and pronunciation for a very long time.
I think I remember 7 of the 32 symbols being identical to letters in the Paleo-Hebrew Torah, and 7 look close enough to be possible; and one of them looks like the modern Arabic letter for A.
Cadmus brought us a 16 letter alphabet...
I was able to spell Kubaba and Alla with the letters I recognize, but I don't know which one represents the H yet.
Boniface comes from Crediton in Devon UK.
What is the time period of Saxon migration to Britain, compared to Saxon migration to Frisian? I am trying to understand the close relationship between Frisian and Old English language.
My soul cries so hard when I think about this. It is so crushing to see how cold and soulless our society has become. I'm not afraid to admit that I do crave some kind of religion, some kind of community based rituals that center around praying and worshiping life, nature, our surroundings, all beautifully adorned with art, music, dance, ceremony, etc. Not that barbaric christian "oh I'm so bad, oh I'm such a sinner, please don't torture me forever god, please spare me", but "hey Gods, over here, look how nice we made this place just for you, come hang out with us.". I know it is not 'real', but who cares, it is about having something to do besides work, something that is nice, that is not about making somebody money.
But even if you tried, before you know it your honest attempt at a positive religion will be hijacked by nazi weirdos and other crazies. 'Normal' people will never join a pagan religion. Religion is already 'too crazy' for most people now, let alone a pagan religion, which also has very questionably recent history in Northwestern-Europe. Religion only works when 'normal' people participate, like how Sinterklaas works because everybody does it, everybody goes along with it, even national television. And you don't even have to believe it to enjoy it, it is not about that, it is about the moments together with loved ones, the shared experience with your entire community, the ceremonies, the rituals, the aesthetics.
And Christianity kinda ruined it all, because idols were bad, multiple Gods were really bad, everybody had to follow the same religion or else, everybody must hear and believe the stories about a man in the middle east, that somehow should resonate with people living on the coasts of the Netherlands. And if that wasn't bad enough, we somehow got the brilliant idea that it wasn't enough, no we had to go hardcore isis level christianity where anything nice en pretty was considered bad and immoral, everything needed to be as bland as possible, everything in black, no Earthly pleasures only hard work.
And now we have gone even further, we removed all remnants of religion, no more irrational 'superstition', now we just live pure logical lives, with no nonsensical 'stories', no time wasting rituals, no expensive ceremonies. Now we don't believe anything, we just work, sit in our completely tiled backyard drinking beers whenever the weather and our 'free time' permits it, do that for 40+ years and then get shipped to a retirement home to die.
There are two giant cathedrals in my city that are just standing there, doing nothing for most of the time. Every time I see them I get the same feeling of sadness. Why don't we do anything with these giant temples? Why don't we care anymore? Imagine those cathedrals in full glory, with banners, courtyards buzzing with people, priests, people praying, music, dances, incense, ceremonies. But now they are hardly more than giant clocks and tourist attractions.
If only they could be repurposed into pagan temples, where religion is something to bring people together with love and beauty, not shame them with guilt and fear.
To dive deeper in the archeology of the ancient (Iron Age) Frisians and their beliefs and rituals, there is an excellent paper by L.L. Therkorn: Landscaping the powers of Darkness and Light - 600 BC -350 AD. (2004) It features sacrificial deposits of (Proto) Frisian settlers in North Holland in a wider context. Certain sacrificisl pits full of objects apparently mimic constellations that were important for Iron Age of South and Western Europe and even in Viking Age Scandinavia.
When it comes to toponym and prehistoric etymology, the village of Bakkum in the same province could very well be linked to the site of the sacred Baduhenna forest mentioned by Pliny. More places there seem to have prehistoric names (Koog aan de Zaan, Diemen etc) show continuity for at least two millennia if not longer.
Thanks for the tip - I'll take a look at that :)
@@historywithhilbert146 Glad I could offer yóu something.
@@historywithhilbert146I enjoyed your lecture Hilbert. There is so much going on and even touching the themes here could be elaborated on for hours. Interesting is your cooperation with other researchers you mentioned, maybe you could do a series on Pagan Frisian animism, ancestorworship and spirituality? There is precious little information and theorema on those topics. But it was there and more archeology points in that direction. (You undoubtedly read Annet Nieuwhof’s “Eight human skulls in a Dungheap - ritual practice in the Frisian Terp Region in the Northern Netherlands, 600BC-300 AD” (2014). )
Maybe an interesting topic for future explorations: Frisian presence in Britain. Some of the earliest Frisian deities are mentioned on votive Stones found near Hadrian’s wall (e.g. Dea Friagabis) and the warband of a certain Hnaudfríd (numerus Hnaudifridi) in the third century. What about Frisian toponyms in Britain? Are they the real deal? Were Frisians the fitst germanic colonists before ‘Hengist and Horsa’? What actually do we know nowadays?
Thanks for your excellent lecture, you have a fan here. Tige tank Hilbert.
hello.,what is your opinion about the Oera Linda book
An interesting document but ultimately a hoax that has no value outside of a good read and a glimpse into the world of Frisian occultism in the nineteenth century.
17:37 the literally translation to german could be
Glitzern heißt das Sold (Salary).
Hat er goldene Stützen und Silbern flach ist's selbst
Ein flackern Vorsitzender "byggvir" (servant of freyr) fast den ganzen tag schweben alle Sachen ( streitsachen).
I'm slightly disappointed that het Wilhelmus wasn't included anywhere in the presentation.
Grateful for finding this... 100% Dutch from Gos... and Frisianon both sides of My family..last name(maiden) means farmer
Proud of my ancestor Poppo (and probably Redbad), if my family tree is correct Poppo is one of my earliest ancestors.
@Hilbert, I have a question. Around 36 minutes you talk about the confusion of people being buried wir objects that don't seem to match their gender. You speculate that these objects could have a religious meaning. I am not a historian, but I have noticed that in many societies, when closely examined, we have recwntly found that gender roles are a lot less strict than in the recent 1-2 centuries. Is it possible that women were also at times doing men's jobs and vice versa? I have recently learned in an Austrian podcast that in Iceland women were respected fishermen, along with the men in their community. Happy to send you the link, if you understand some German.