Fun fact: this concentration of our population along the coast was one of the main reasons Brazil decided to change its capital, building Brasília in the interior of the country. That's why our capital is no longer Rio de Janeiro, which confuses many people to this day lmao
When I was in university during the 1960's, I majored in Poltical Science and History. One course I took for a year was Brasil and it's Neighbors. I wrote a paper about the Northeast of Brazil 🇧🇷 focusing on the drought climate and its effects on that area. I also remember the President of Brasil established Brasilia as the new capital, to try and move the citizens inland, around 1960, which was very modern for that time. I have met people from Brasil, such as Minas Gerais, which means General Mines, where gems are mined, and from Belo Horizante, which I believe translates to Beautiful Horizon. Being an Amateur Radio operator for many years, I sometimes talk to them in Brasil, as I just did yesterday.😊
This city was built to be the capital city of Minas Gerais State. Brazil also built the cities of Palmas, Goiânia and Campo Grande within its interior. But Brasília is the most fascinating to me.
The northeast of Brazil is truly a fascinating region of the country. It is the most populous region with a semi-arid climate in the world. I'm from there and most of Brazil's culture was born in the northeast.
@covardeceh4135 *Oh sure. Because a guy with a profile name of "mateus" must be some "arab foreigner pretending shit".* Dude, just shut up. That guy is not a fake foreigner, he is just a Brazilian northeastern. You'd be surprised by how much they value and sing praises to their own Region. (great people, though, love them all) 😊 Edit: also, you might've misread his comment. He didn't say Northeast is "the most populous Region of Brazil". He said that it is the most populous *on an arid climate region* in the entire world, as in there's no other arid region in the world as populated as the Northeast. _Granted, okay, THAT ONE might going a little too far,_ but he never stated Northeast was the most populous Region of Brazil. DUH! Everyone unquestionably knows that's down here on the Southeast, even foreigners know that! _(I think...)_
climate isn't really what makes the coast so much more populated than the interior, since unlike what's been said in the video, the coastal cities are often much hotter, humid, rainier and prone to extreme weather events than the interior, as a good chunk of the coast is locked between the ocean and some extensive mountain ranges covered by rainforest (which also made these regions more susceptible to tropical diseases), and these mountains basically act as a wall between the coast and the interior - and i think that for a few centuries this was the main reason why population was concentrated on the coast: the coastal mountain ranges made it difficult to go to the interior. and if its hard to get to a region of the country where the only economic activity is rural, why bother going inland instead of staying in the port cities of the coast? that began to change with the gold rush, coffee and industrialization, because then there was a major economic incentive to build railways up the mountains and into the country (which is how sao paulo became such a huge city: it was the gateway to the interior, where the railway arrived after climbing up the mountains, and where the coffee was gathered and traded after coming from the interior before it went down to the port). nowadays thats no longer a relevant barrier, and the population center of the country have been steadily moving inland for the past decades
one more note: there are some places where there is no major mountain range between the coast and interior, but these places are basically the amazon rainforest and northeastern brazil, where the climate is very arid and prone to droughts. the other exception to this is the far south, almost in uruguay, and if you disconsider the capital city porto alegre i'd say it has the population rather evenly distributed
I came to make similar points, as well as that the soil in the inland cerrado was very different than most crops were used to and a lot of work had to be done to make it into the booming agribusiness. Also the Serra do Mar means the inland rivers like the Paraná run down through Argentina so no inland water highways to this region unlike the Mississippi. Vital good points. That being said having lived in Goiás it is much hotter and less hospitable than many coastal cities, even if landslides are less common. The September/October heat is brutal. Also breezes coming off the sea help. There’s much less wind inland, at least where I lived.
I'm from Goiânia, a city 2 hours away from Brasília. There are about 2 million people in the metro region. What I find interesting is that the city has not completed 100 years yet. Many towns and cities in Brasil are pretty new when compared to the rest of the world.
I lived for more than a year in Goiânia and it has seen a LOT of migration. A big factor has been the growth of agriculture in the cerrado following better understandings of how to treat the soil to be more fertile for crops like sugar, soy and corn.
A good attempt at explaining Brazil, and I don't think you are wrong in your analysis, but having spent a reasonable amount of time in Brazil, from Florianópolis and Curitiba in the south to Belém in the north, as well as time in Rio and São Paulo, and having driven from Brasilia to Belo Horizonte one thing I did notice was the barrier between the coastal plain and the interior in the form of forested mountainous terrain. I think this is one reason, maybe the main reason the coast is more populated. I think it is a stretch calling São Paulo a coastal city having driven up from the port city of Santos to it. I keep hearing this all the time, but anyone who's ever been there knows this just isn't the case, despite it not being that far from it. The other thing I'm surprised you didn't mention, in fact I'm not sure I've heard anyone mention it is the lack of navigable rivers that flow to the east coast from the interior (most follow either north up to the northeast or to the Paraná river and out into the River Plate estuary. I think this is a major reason. I was also surprised travelling around the Brasília area and into nearby Goiás, how hilly it was, sharp hills with deep ravines, it wasn't what I was expecting, I thought it would be flat scrubby grassland and bush, and whilst some is line this (with a lot of agriculture in places as well, mainly soya from what I was told) much of it wasn't. I think the main reason for the lack of cities in the interior is whether there was a reason for it. With the lack of navigable rivers, no real industry, apart from mining, and these products I feel are transported away to the established coastal areas to be processed into manufacturer goods by rail, there isn't much need for big population centres, which in other countries acted as hubs for commerce and markets to sell the goods to the local population or as a centre to move the goods for export. Maybe I'm wrong here, but unlike the US I don't think there was the need to conquer more land, establish forts, move people in, to subjugate the existing native population, so this didn't happen, and by the time land transport was easier the coastal cities had become dominant that there was very little chance of interior settlements growing that big without huge amounts of government or private investment to establish it, which is the case for Brasília and Manaus.
This is pretty good assessment. The mountain range that streatches near coast of the southern and southeast region was a significant challenge in the beginning. The lack of navigable rivers also added another layer that descouraged expansion into the interior. Finally the overall prosperity of costal and near costal cities also worked as a lured in the overall internal migrantion. The establishment of cities like Brasilia did contribuited with a rapid expansion of settlements into the interior, but the vast majority still lives in driving distance of the coast.
Brazil actually severely lacks rail due to those mountains, and that meant agricultural produce inland was very hard to get to market too. Those mountains are a big factor, as are the waterways or lack thereof. One more factor - the red soil in the cerrado needed a lot of research and treatment to become as fertile as it is today, which has flipped the economic equation and resulted in a lot of migration inland too.
@@robertb6889 Your response to my comment has actually made me question how all the agricultural produce does get exported, I know a lot will be consumed domestically, but when I made my comment it was under the impression that mining operations did have freight only rail links to the big cities, but you're right that because the agricultural cultivation of more and more land only happened in more recent decades there won't be infrastructure to get the produce to the coast. I can only think all this produce has to go by road, and I was absolutely shocked that Brasília isn't connected to the major cities of Belo Horizonte, Rio, and São Paulo by anything more than a two lane highway for most of its distance despite the city only being built in the 1960s, I know most people fly but I just found this odd in a country that when I was the country was growing economically, although this has been hit massively since global economic slowdown and China not demanding so much raw material that a lot of this boom was from. I also thought that the red soil was very fertile, though with the intense short bursts of rainfall in the tropics this would wash nutrients from the soil, so until irrigation schemes were set up large scale agriculture, with maybe the exception of animal grazing, was probably a problem. Maybe I'm wrong on this but it does have me thinking. Lastly, thinking about the need for expansion into the interior, I wonder, was never a priority because unlike the US there was never an incentive or even possibility of getting to the Pacific Coast. Having looked on Wikipedia at the map of population density in the country, even though I know it just wasn't particularly adhered to I do wonder if the Treaty of Torsedillas did have some effect. I do notice that the areas of the south that are not in the tropics and thus not so inhospitable, were populated by me immigration from countries like Germany. I remember being in the south of Chile an area where the Chilean government also encouraged immigration from Germany and the Balkans, as did Argentina just across the border on the other side of the Andes. I just think that there was enough work and opportunity, and community, for say the Italian migration to Brazil in the coastal cities that there was no point travelling to the interior where it would be difficult, near impossible to settle and make a better life. Comparing Brazil to the US, I guess that the push westward in the US was helped by the fact that the Great Lakes system in the north and the Mississippi have natural transportation routes circumnavigating the barrier that was the Appalachians allowing the exportation of goods and building an economic base that supported the population it has today. Even then the East Coast cities in the US are also a lot more populated than the interior so it isn't that different. (apologies for the long response, you got me thinking)
I'm Brazilian and I agree with you in many aspects. The video considered São Paulo as part of the coast, I believe, due to the great proximity that the city of São Paulo has to the coast even though it is not on the coast and the city of Santos is part of the megalopolis São Paulo, which is a junction of the various cities around it. Brazil really does not have the advantage of having ports further inland on its large rivers such as the Amazon, São Francisco or the Paraná River. The Amazon River is located in an area with a small population and a geography that limits human occupation; the only major port is Manaus. The São Francisco River runs through a semi-arid area for most of its course, despite being born in a wetter area to the south, and in the semi-arid areas there are no large cities. The Paraná River is far inland and rivers such as the Tietê that connects São Paulo to Paraná and the Iguaçu River that connects Curitiba to Paraná flow precisely in the interior, where the Paraná River follows its course through other countries such as Argentina and Paraguay, which makes it more difficult for Brazil to monopolize trade there.
You talked about the deforestation of the Atlantic Forest, and some specialists estimate that we have less than 10% of its original size intact. Fun fact, at the minute 7:22 the city you’re showing is Salvador, capital of the state of Bahia, where I’m from, and the neighborhoods are Graça and Vitória, two of the most expensive places of the city.
Hi, Geoff! I’m from the northeastern region of Brazil and I really liked your video and that you talked about my country! I believe it was missing to mention the main factor of the majority of the Brazilian population living on the coast, which are the coastal mountain chains (serras) that go from north to south, whether it is the Serra da Borborema in my state, or the Serra do Mar in the southeast or even the Serra Geral in the south of the country.
There is also a geological factor, basically Brazil's interior is a high Plateau, the litoral area is a small strip closed by hill formations going north south, It was hard to get to Brazil's interior before building roads and so, the easeiest way to get to the interior was by rivers, thus there was a huge incentive to stuck by the shore. São Paulo indeed is not on the litoral because it stays on the narrowest strip of Brazil's shore
Australia is way more extreme. You have places like Brasilia and Goiania in the middle of the country which are quite large (together like 1/6 the population of all of Australia for just the 2 cities). There is plenty of water inland and rain for half the year, very unlike the outback. Goiania got more cm of rain than Seattle Washington, mostly from November through May.
@@robertb6889 Australia is quite arid, only 20% of the 26 million live away from coastel regions. It's not completely empty, you'll find townships spread right across, except mostly in Western Australia, then there is the city of Alice Springs pretty much in the center, not far from Uluru. Water is scarce in Australia, but that is just part of living here. It's not really desert here, it's arid, there is water, but it's limited. We do though have large artesian reservoirs underground in the center which supports many places.
Three curious points that you need to understand beyond what is in the video: 1-São Paulo is a large urban area located at an average altitude of 700 meters above sea level on a plateau not far from the coast and is surrounded by a mountainous region further inland and is at the same time on a plateau that facilitates the entry of ocean moisture. Thanks to this, the city is located in a large area with a flatter relief and has a milder climate due to its geographical characteristic in which there are passages of cold fronts directly coming from the coast that soften the city's climate, leaving it colder. compared to several cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo and even on the coast as the city of Santos is much more humid and stuffy. It is more difficult for the city of São Paulo to become hotter and this only happens due to climate change. 2- The 4 metropolitan regions that contribute most to the national industrial GDP are: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and Campinas. Brasília has more GDP than Belo Horizonte and Campinas, but it is a city that lives more on public service and has large local and state-owned agencies as it is the country's capital, but it is not a comprehensive industrial hub like Belo Horizonte and Campinas. Campinas is not mentioned in the video, but it is already the fifth metropolitan region with the highest GDP in Brazil and has a population of 3 million inhabitants and is very close to the city of São Paulo, and in the future the two could coexist. Between São Paulo and Campinas there is another city called Jundiaí, both of which could join as well. Jundiaí is small and has less than a million inhabitants despite being rich. 3- The interior of Brazil nowadays is much more developed than the coast, since the best city in Brazil to live in is far from the sea and is called Maringá, according to research, for example, the two metropolitan regions with more than a million of residents with the highest gdp per capita are in the interior: Campinas and Brasília. There is also a state that is already considered the breadbasket of Brazil due to its enormous agricultural production that places Brazil among the largest food producers in the world, which is called Mato Grosso, the second city with the highest concentration of trees per inhabitants in the world as well. is in the interior and is Goiânia, the city with the largest cultural complex in Brazil is Belo Horizonte, Manaus is one of the largest industrial centers in Brazil and is in the middle of the Amazon, Pouso Alegre, a city in the south of Minas Gerais, will host a factory from the Chinese giant SAIC.Gramado is a small city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul located in Serra Gaucha and known for its cold climate as it is one of the only places in Brazil that snows in winter, it even had a hotel that was considered the second best in the world.
@@ЯношВольт Porto Alegre and Curitiba are capitals of the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná respectively. And Guarulhos is a city that is part of the metropolitan region of São Paulo and is home to the largest airport in the country. Campinas is not well known for being a city that is not the capital of any state, but its metropolitan region is rich and its GDP, oddly enough, is ahead of Porto Alegre and Curitiba. Campinas is second only to the capital of my state, which is Belo Horizonte, an incredible city as well and the third most populous in Brazil, Brasília, which is the federal capital of my country, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
@@ЯношВольт Campinas is very close to the city of São Paulo and is part of the state that has the same name as the capital, São Paulo. The two are very close and there is Jundiaí between them. Campinas and Jundiaí are very rich. There are other rich cities also close to São Paulo such as São José dos Campos, Sorocaba, Piracicaba, Santos, which is on the coast and has the largest port in Latin America, etc...
This happens with a lot of large countries though. Most of the population of Brazil, US, China, Australia, live in the eastern half of the country, with China, Brazil, and Australia's population specifically concentrated by the coast, while Russia's population is mostly in the European side (west), and Canada's in the southeast, near the Great Lakes.
During the dictatorship the government incentives the occupation for national security, Manaus is a free fiscal zone, all settlers that came to Amazon region was given land titles that's the origen of the deforestation.
It´s a pretty randon normal city. There are smaller cities in the same state and other state capital cities in other states as well. It´s not empity as international popular belife would have it.
I live in the south of Brazil and it's interior is much more populated. It get's cold here, and it even snows occasionally. Curitiba is also bigger than Porto Alegre, the font might be outdated.
As a Brazilian, I want to thank you so much for this incredible class. I myself never knew about this. The graphics are all so cool and informative. Thank you enormously!!
Hi Geoff! I’m from Brazil, I live in São Paulo and I love your videos! Your video is very accurate and you brought many interesting facts about my country! Thank you and congratulations!
So nice to see a video about Brazil, Geoff! Even better to see you using the imagens from my city, Salvador de Bahia at 7:18 and 7:51, these images are from the Barra neighborough.
Eh, they are pretty overrated. Never evem managed to develop good fishing culture and had a really undeveloped society compared to the Incas and North American indigenous.
Actually, our population was overestimated. Projections used to show it from 212 to 215 million, but last year's census showed it is only 203 million people, so the rythym of growing was slower than expected. Some major cities like Salvador and Fortaleza even lost population, and medium sized cities have grown significantly. Yet still the two less populous regions are the center-west and the north, with a higher concentration by the coast as you said.
The fertility rate in Brazil is now below 1,8 and decreasing, which is very low and insufficient for a huge country like this. In the 1950s and 1960s, Brazilian women used to have 5 children on average, but this has decresed consistently over the next few decades.
@@solomasculino6793 it's The cause of aislationism. The idea that You has failed in your country and You don't have another Country where You can emigrate to. That's why in 2080, brazilian population would ve 180 million
In 1850 a reverse Homestead Act came into law in Brazil, stating that empty land should be bought directly from the government. There are a million reasons why the population concentrate on the coast, but there's also been a thousand opportunities to fix that that were missed.
The least populated part of Brazil in reality isn't the Amazon (which is basically the north region) but actually the Mid-Western region (Centro-oeste in Portuguese) The North has around 17 million, while the Mid-West has 16 million, and before the construction of Brasília, basically had no inhabitants. The North (Amazon) wasn't too hard to settle because of its abundance of rivers. The mouth of the Amazon River is located fully in Brazilian territory, so to get deep into the Amazon just meant going up to Belém, going through the Marajó bay, and in a couple of days, Manaus, the largest city in the Amazon. However, the Mid-West historically was HELL to get to. You had two rivers: The Paraguay/Paraná rivers, to get you to Mato Grosso, which involved you sailing down to Uruguay/Argentina, through the Río de La Plata Estuary, all the way up through Paraguay, until you got to Corumbá/Cuiabá. This was historically dangerous, an example being in the Paraguay war, one of the first things Paraguay did was kidnap the governor of Mato Grosso while his ship was docked at Asunción. The other option, was through the north, to get you to Tocantins/Goiás. You had to go through Belém (Amazon Delta) then through the Tocantins/Araguaia rivers, which is essentially impossible due to rapids on the Araguaia river. The soil around the Mid-West (cerrado biome) was also incredibly acidic and infertile, which meant it had to be chemically altered in order to grow crops, hence why cattle grazing is so popular there. So essentially, getting to the Mid-West either meant going through the waters of other nations, or going through rapids.
The fact that Manuas is as big as it in, while being literally surrounded by the world’s largest rainforest always blows my mind. Heck, the city of São Paulo has a larger population than the entire country that colonized it.
The government f*cks us a lot, that's why we got such a big population in only 500 years, i am a male and even i got pregnant and gave birth. @@dadcelo
So... Last year I went to Palmas and Cuiabá, two of the brazilian inland cities. Its so hot that it rains like a hot shower. I almost passed out in the middle of the street because I was walking at noon. Such lovely places tho. Can't recommend enough
I'm Brazilian. You did an amazing summary about Brazil history in 10 minutes. Great job! Your videos are awesome. Great work. Through them, I have learned a lot about the USA
Without watching the video I'll say that's the reason Brasilia was built, to better control the lightly inhabited interior, and hoping that people would start living in it, but never really happened outside Brasilia because the interior highlands are dryer and have a rougher climate than either the coast, or the southern portion of Brazil which is highly developed.
The inland highlands have serious rainfall. I lived in Goiania which gets more rain than Seattle by a good measure. It’s only there part of the year but with good water management it allows multiple growing seasons. The bigger issue historically was poor soil for most cash crops which has changed with better understanding of how to treat that soil, as well as poor transport. Brazil put in a lot of effort in agricultural science and now much of the cerrado can be cultivated (though at high impact to biodiversity as it has many endemic species and the least protected land of any biome in Brazil by percent of land mass.)
And the fact that it was built in the 60s meant it’s infrastructure was suited more towards a car based way of life means that it’s heavily based around using your car, unlike public transit
Wait, whaaatt?? @@robertb6889 Goiania has no rain for several months... It rains only between november and like March, I guess. Not a single cloud in the sky for the rest of the year. If you pay a visit to southern Brazil you can see what is a reeeall rainy land. I do live here and we had almost no sunlight this entire year. Thinking of moving away. There's no point in living near a beach if there's no sun.
I lived in Goiania for 6 years, what a f*ng hot place. First thing I had to do is to install air conditioning in my home and my car. But I like there. Lots of friendly and drunk girls.
3:10 just a small note about this part: the treaty of Tordesillas was fairly well respected initially (within what was possible at the time) but then in 1580 king Sebastian of Portugal died with no heirs, and the throne went to king Phillip II of Spain, which meant the treaty wasn't really enforced (though it was tecnically still valid) during the Iberian Union. By the time the union ended the portuguese settlers had encroached deep beyond the limits of the treaty and the countries formalized new borders in the treaty of Madrid 100 years later
Every former Portuguese colony have this pattern of settlement because of feitorias, they concentrated the population around very few entrepôts along the coast, which made it easier for a small colonial power like Portugal to exert the control of trade of large areas far from them.
The video is intriguing, but there are some points that warrant discussion. It's not uncommon to observe countries with a higher population residing along the coast, so that aspect isn't particularly surprising. What truly captured my attention, albeit unintentionally, is the video's portrayal of Brazil's interior as almost inhospitable, with an implication that the three cities mentioned are exceptions. In reality, Belo Horizonte not only stands as the largest metropolitan area in the interior but also serves as the capital of the second-largest state in the country - a landlocked state situated more than 50 miles away from the coastline. Numerous cities within this state boast populations around or exceeding 500 k, mirroring the urban context in many parts of the United States. Other Brazilian states also host sizable urban areas in their interiors, such as Campinas with 3.1 kk inhabitants, Goiânia with 2.5 kk, Sorocaba with 2.0kk, Ribeirão Preto with 1.6 kk, Piracicaba with 1.4 kk, and the list goes on. In fact, I'm pretty sure that Brazil has more interior cities with populations surpassing 500 k than the US.
@GeographyByGeoff There are many MOUNTAINS in the interior of Brazil, mainly in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo and São Paulo , the temperatures are low, very different from the "hot and humid" mentioned in the video
Acabei de descobrir que não é somente o Acre que não existe. o Centro-oeste, Minas Gerais, vários estados do norte... Aliás, não sei o que é que eu tô fazendo aqui, se eu tampouco existo. Sou do interior paulista. Agora entendi porque os estrangeiros dizem que nossa capital é RJ. Porque o DF, por ser longe do litoral, não existe.
As a brazilian living in Florianopolis, south coastline, i give you congratulations for this video! Its 99,98% correct! About the 00,02% let me tell you. About the landscape of the south area, Rio Grande do Sul state, most part of it is the "Pampa", an endless fields like North Dakota (i like to use some examples). I could inclued the "Lavrado" in the amazon region, near the border with Guiana and Venezuela where is called "Gran Savana" and where is the Tepuis. Still using some examples we could relate Pantanal with Everglades, Caatinga with desert areas of Arizona, Cerrado great plains etc. By total area USA is bigger than Brazil, but in continuous land, without Alasca, Brazil is bigger.
One of the major differences between the USA and Brazil are the latter's lack of navigable rivers near major cities (there's nothing like the Mississippi basin in Brazil since the Amazon is too far away from almost anybody) and deep sea ports with lots of peninsulas, naturally protected bays and islands, most of Brazil's coasts are too smooth and shallow.
3:25 sir you are wrong. Brazilian here. Guyana and the Falkland Islands speak English, Suriname speaks Dutch and French Guiana speaks French. We speak Portuguese in Brazil and then the rest of South America speaks Spanish. Get it right sir.
It's worth mentioning that the Great Brazilian Escarpment played a role in the distribution of population in Brazil, as it also affected how the rivers flow in the country. In an area that large with no roads in colonial times, rivers were an important mean of transportation. That escarpment was a hurdle in most part of the Brazilian coast, one exception was the Amazon, which allowed the Portuguese to go much further inland. This pattern also reflects the Portuguese civilization, note that Portugal has the same pattern of coastal cities like Brazil and an empty interior, this is also noticeable in other Portuguese colonies. This can also be observed how Spain and Spanish America distributed its major cities similarly.
Recently been looking at Israel's geography, especially the Gush Dan region of Tel Aviv (43% of the population), or the Coastal Plain (57% of the population). Beersheba sub-district (Negev Desert) makes up almost 50% of Israel's total area!
1:22: A millennium. Two or more millennia. If you start off showing yourself ignorant and/or stupid, it takes the shine off the whole video. 10:47: "The decline of the rubber industry"?? The rubber industry emphatically did not decline. It exploded with wheeled and then motorized transport, so the claim made here is ridiculous. What happened was the English smuggled rubber plants out and set up the plantations that made and make Malays rich today. Brazil's rubber industry lost its monopoly, a very very different thing from what is said here.
Now in Brazil, we discovered with the latest 2022 IBGE Census, that people are migrating from the coast and large metropolitan regions to the interior of the country.
The author said most Brazilians live 50 miles from the coast line, which is a completely false statement! Correct would be to say not 50 but 500 miles, where most live! Even though, there are many big cities further than 500 miles from the coast, which is more or less the same for the US.
Hmmm... That cost area in the south is not correct. It stretches more than 50 miles from the coast. It's including 50 miles around the Patos lagoon. The whole Porto Alegre metro, with 4 million people, plus the Caxias do Sul area, with 1 million people, are more than 50 miles from the coast
🎉Brazil is bigger than the United States if we exclude the state of Alaska. It is the country with the most arable land in the world. It has the largest population of Japanese and Italian descendants in the world. In addition to the second largest population of German descendants after the United States and Slavs. It is also the largest Afro-descendant community on the planet. It's a fascinating country
More Italians, Portuguese, Spaniards. Japanese and Lebanese emigrated to Brazil than to the US. There was also a huge German emigration to Brazil. Also more Africans were driven to Brazil thsn to the US.
I live in central Brazil, the axis Brasília-Anapolis-Goiania. It is the third largest urban aglomerate in Brazil ( around 8 million). Then there's the metropolitana Belo Horizonte area, very far from the coast, as the fourth. So, it is not that simple...
Yes, Brazil was settled in a narrow strip of land along the coast, but with time, mainly starting in the 1960’s there has been a constant push to move westward, mainly in the southwest. Why? Because the huge northwest is where the Amazon jungle is. It is an extremely hostile area. But even there pockets of population have been established along rivers that have become middle-sized cities.
Almost all of all coastlines is uninhabited -- because people are concentrated in cities at spots on coastlines. I would be very surprised if it turned out that the coastline to interior ratio is higher than the ratio of inhabited to uninhabited area anywhere.. I.e. I suspect that the distinction being made here is entirely bogus.
@@KristianAponte I suspect over 90% of the population of Chile lives within 50 miles of the coast too... I wouldn't mind a video from Geoff explaining that for us.
Fun fact: this video is factually wrong. Above the top 10 Brazilian cities by population: 1) São Paulo: interior 2) Rio: Coast 3) Brasilia: Interior 4) Fortaleza: Coast 5) Salvador: Coast 6) Belo Horizontes: Interior 7) Manaus: Interior 8) Curitiba: Interior 9) Recife: Coast 10) Goiania: Interior Considering those cities Total population interior: 21.859.728 Total population coast: 12.546.529 Our interior is very well populated.
Great video! And I'd like to add some details. I guess the sea refreshes miles inland in the northeast region. In the south and southeast regions, in terms of temperature, on a daily basis, the sea barely refreshes the seashore, sometimes not even that because the prevailing winds are from the northeast, it comes from the continent and arrives hot. From a few kilometers inland to the foothills both the temperature and the thermal sensation (humidity) increases to the point where these coastal lowlands are the hottest and muggiest in Brazil throughout summer and around (about 6 months), even more than in the Amazon and Manaus. Soon after, here in the southeast, comes the Serra do Mar (which means Sea Montains, because its highest altitudes are closer to the sea), which actually has a very mild even cool pleasant climate, most of these mountains are still within the 50 miles you mentioned, São Paulo is situated in part of these highlands near the sea and its climate is mild, so what you said might make perfect sense. Although, the facing the sea southern slopes of these mountains are national parks for water supply reasons, as they are the wettest areas. The coastal lowlands in some points go beyond 50 miles, which makes this type of absurdly muggy weather the most common in the habitable coastal regions of the south and southeast regions throughout the summer. A curiosity: In the colonial era, due to the climate, the imperial family moved from Rio de Janeiro to Petrópolis (in the Serra do Mar) and vice versa every 6 months. In winter it is reversed, the seashores are less cold at night, the sea warms them. The Pantanal, which is at a similar latitude and has a lot of humidity, does not have hot nights as hot as in the coastal lowlands. This is, in some way, an effect of continentality in conjunction with the northeast trade winds (which, due to the geographic positions of the south and southeast regions) come from the continent and not from the sea as happens in the northeast region. Well, what i just want to say that the colonization of the coast was due to historical factors, in my opinion it has nothing to do with the climate, because in fact the interior (except the northern region - Amazon) has many more areas with mild and cool climates than the coast, it is widely known here, with some exceptions, there are parts of the central-west and the northeastern hinterland both hot (but not as muggy as the coastals) as mild and cool climates, all very pleasant. You can see what i said in maps like the site meteoblue.
Great video! I would like just to point out two huge exceptions (overpopulated places out of the coasts). The state of Minas Gerais (more than 21 million inhabitants) And Federal District (Brasília) with more than 4 million. You mentioned Belo Horizonte and Brasília, but it would be nice to point out the whole state of Minas as the biggest exception. Because it's simply the second most populated state in Brazil, and it's not on the coast.
Brazilian here. I live in the brazilian midwest, in the city of Goiânia. Lemme describe how it's like to live here: - climate: hot and umid, temperature is unbearable from noon to dusk; - seasons: summer, summer, summer and summer 😂; - landscape: a greeny savanna. Its perfect for agriculture, beautiful to look at when traveling; - economy: agriculture-centered, with some spots of tech industry here and there; - politics: mainly conservative, with the exception of the capital Brasilia; - people: texans, with less guns. We face uncontrolled immigration from northern (and poor) states; - safety: somewhat safer than the rest of Brazil. Beware of your surroundings tho; - culture: sertanejo (equivalent to US country music).
I live on the coast, on the edge of São Paulo where it borders the sea, and going deeper into the country you see how empty it is, like the states of Goiás, Acre, Amapá and others, I'm from Brazil and it's the first video I see on your channel, very good man!
The Amazon river is now going thru the worst drought it has had in122 years. This river is the main source of transportation for delivering goods and people. The large boats that are used are unable to navigate it.
Climate is definetly not the reason, the interior is usually way cooler than the coast because it's a sea of rolling hills and the odd mountain range, Sao Paulo is at times about 13 deegres celsius cooler than Santos or Rio de Janeiro, while further north (at the Mantiqueira mountains reguon) and further south (away from the tropic of capricorn) the difference can be about 20 deegres. The sole reason the interior is not populated as the coast is because of such topography.
In truth no. There are cities in the interior of Brazil that are much hotter than coastal cities, or sometimes even the same. Cuiabá, for example, is as hot as Rio de Janeiro, the difference is that it is drier. Goiânia and Belo Horizonte are hotter than São Paulo, and Brasília is only colder than Goiânia and Belo Horizonte because of the higher altitude. Manaus is in the center of the Amazon and is absurdly hot.
@@danielgoncalvessantosbaldi8806 ele está correto sou de uma cidade na serra da Mantiqueira (100 Miles ) e no inverno as temperaturas são NEGATIVAS Mesmo no vale entre a serra e são Paulo ou a serra e o litoral mais a norte de são Paulo apesar de alcançar temperaturas como 30 C° ainda assim a sensação térmica é mais agradável que as metrópoles ou o litoral
Yes, unlike in Brazil (and most countries with access to the oceans) most of Colombia's population is found on the Andes mountain ranges, on plateaus like its capital city or high altitude valleys like it's 2nd and 3rd largest cities, during the Spanish Empire times most europeans died of tropical diseases, many transmitted through mosquitoes, thus the Spanish made their major settlements on the interior where mosquitoes and other pests weren't found. Today out of the 6 cities in Colombia with more than 1 million people, only 1 is located directly on the coast, whilst the rest are located either on coastal plains far from the sea or even more inland on the mountains.
Манаус один из самых криминальных городов мира,наряду с Каракасом,Дурбаном и Тегульсигапой! А ещё половина жителей города живут в трущобах и он не соединён до сих пор с остальной страной дорогой с асфальтовым покрытием из-за коррупции и постоянных митингов общественных организаций и индейцев.При Луле дорога с твёрдым покрытием никогда не будет построена,т.к. он заигрывает с индейцами.
Are you russian? Don't you see your own country navel? The largest forest e the most concentration of ice are there, without mentioning the famous russian mafia e your not less famous drunkards. Before writting foolishness look at your own peoples' poverty. Untill few years ago you used make wardrobes and very bad cars.
I enjoy your vids. As a photography major, the weird color crossovers (cause by mixed color temperature bulbs making it difficult to white balance) and overexposed keylight in the talking head portions of your productions hurts my heart.
11:50 I think a lot of people don't realize how useful water is for traveling. Early civilizations used them a lot. Because you don't really need a lot of black top to use it. The "road" is pretty much already there.
One heavy negative factor in Brazil is their lack of deep sea ports to facilitate economic trade. USA was lucky in how much deep sea ports they were afforded, it meant they could trade freely and widely with other countries. If you lack a deep sea port it’s a huge hindrance to trade. It basically means if a country has some they’re golden, if a country doesn’t they’re basically broke
Lol that’s hardly a deficiency considering Brazil has an enormous coastline that can and has been developed throughout the years. The real bad deal is being landlocked like Bolivia or Lesotho.
I liked the video, but i think that was incomplete and unfair (untentionaly) with some regions. Was missing a lot of big citys in the contryside, like, Goiania, Campinas, Campo Grande, Cuiabá, Ribeirao Preto, Uberlandia, Maringá, Londrina, Juiz de Fora, Montes Claros, Sorocaba and many other. The video pass the wrong idea that inside the country its so much empty than real. There are a lot of infrastructure (except from the amazon region). I missed more information about "cerrado", that its a big area without all that umity described. I missed the bioma of the "pampa" in RS and the "serra do mar" and "serra do espinhaço". What motivate the people to live on the seaside is by far relationated to historic context than climate issues. The climate of the countryside (except for amazon) its better to live. Im from Belo Horizonte. Thanks for the video.
The thumb it's not true..."nobody leaves here" it's clickbait. In such a short lane there would never be room for so many people. The most populous city is São Paulo, which is not on the coast, the interior of the State of São Paulo is also densely populated. The capital of the State of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, is among the largest cities, and it is in the interior of the country, it is a state that does not even have access to the sea. Just look at Google Maps. And the capital has millions of inhabitants and is right in the center of the country.
The video isn’t accurate. It’s not climate related. It’s due to the lack of infrastructure and economic development in the interior areas, making it mostly rural. In Brazil there always been a huge “rural exodus”, that’s how we call it, where people always dream to move to the big cities to find better opportunities, and due to the colonization the biggest and most well developed cities are on the coast. And talking about climate, if you are 50 miles from the coast in the state of Bahia for example, it will be 78 degrees at 3 am, but if you are 200+ miles away from the coast at night can get really cold, like 64 degrees (considered cold in the north).
Love your post! One huge non sequitur, was showing aboriginal people on horses. What's up with that? Maybe you can edit that out. Regardless, populations will always congregate near bodies of water. Brasil is no different. Also, I am surprised by your only casually mentioning Brasilia. hmmm
Actually that is historically accurate. The image is a painting by Jean-Baptiste Debret representing the Charrua tribe, that lived in the Pampas of the far south. After contact with the early Spanish colonization, the Charruas acquired horses and got really skilled in riding them. Most were eventually exterminated by colonizers, and the remaining ended up mixing with the Spanish and Portuguese, giving origin to the Gaúchos from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay. The Brazilian Gaúcho folklore still have several songs telling stories about legendary Charruas and their way of life, that had some habits passed to Gaúchos.
@@michaelinminn They inhabited areas of what is now the state of Rio Grande do Sul, that is part of the Brazilian territory since colonial times. Charruas made part of Brazilian history, being one among hundreds of different indigenous tribes that inhabited this land.
A curiosity. The official population of Brazil is 203 million inhabitants according to the 2022 national census. In 2010 there were 190 million. This number above 214 million were erroneous projections made. 😊
The Brazilian population is concentrated in the coastal area due to the presence of the Serra do Mar (Mountain range) that runs along most of the Brazilian coast and was a formidable geographic obstacle to overcome throughout its colonization. It was only from the second half of the 20th century that there was an expansion towards the West.
Is crazy how a nation less than 100.000 square kilometers Portugal ruled for centuries like 4 centuries such a huge landmass bigger than the continental USA being Portugal smaller than great Britain very unfair in my opinion
@@danielabenettisantana412 no really but the portuguese colinist the descendants of them run the country even till these very days so in simple words they never left
@@Sebastian-ke1fe os portugueses atuais não fazem parte da história do Brasil!!! Não existem portugueses no Brasil!!!! Os portugueses são estrangeiros no Brasil!!! Para um português entrar no Brasil tem que pedir AUTORIZAÇÃO aos brasileiros!!!!! Boa tarde do Brasil. 👍🏻💃🏻
Nonsense. There are several large urban hubs outside the coastline. Goiania-GO . Huge agribusiness and light manufacturing MSA. Ribeirão Preto -SP. Another large market with top notch medical school, agribusiness and manufacturing sector. Well past 700k inhabitants Cuiabá and Campo Grande by the Mato Grosso States The whole state of Minas Gerais is hinterland. We are talking towns such as Belo Horizonte , Uberaba, Uberlândia , Juíz de Fora Manaus -AM is not a coastal town. It is a river town by the Amazon River. It is also the country special economic interest duty free zone where several manufacturing companies run plants. Brasilia in itself is a large MSA In the upper and lower Paraná river basin there are several large and small cities . Fernandopolis , Barretos , Araçatuba , Maringá , Londrina , Caceres , Ponta Grossa , Foz do Iguaçu , Garapuava. This vídeo is an armachair analysis made by someone who never set foot in a country of near continental dimensions . Shame on you.
The Treaty of Tordesillas was made before the discovery of Brazil, not after. There's some evidence that the Portuguese knew it was there before its official discovery, but it's just speculation.
Okay but that is a lie is not 50 miles from the coast is 456 km from the coast i am from brazil in the state of são paulo here the idiome is portuguese 🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷 i like brazil😊
Pois é, essa é uma das coisas que mais me irritam nos estrangeiros. Eles pensam que o Brasil é só "praia" e "floresta amazônica". Niguém dá importância ao Pantanal, ao cerrado, à mata atlântica ou até mesmo à caatinga, que é muito mais do que "só mais um deserto"! Thank you for your coverage, mister! And sorry for just speaking my language without translating it. 😅 Hopefully, TH-cam's translator should suffice, I tried to keep the text simple. Edit: one thing I'd like to point out, though, (which your video seemingly left out) was the lack of adressing the mountain/plateau ranges that stretch all across the coast and might've been one of the factors that made inland habitation less attractive. I say less, not "impossible", because my city of São Paulo is located PRECISELY on one of these mountain ranges. You say "it is just 30 miles away from the coast", but we need to climb down *a huuuge mountain* to get there. Something easy nowadays thans to the cliffside roads and tunnels digging through the mountains, but it was far less viable all those centuries ago, which still didn't stop the city from starting off as a village then gradually expanding since then. Another thing you left out, which on hindsight is odd for a "geography" channel, is the soil. Now I'll admit I've long forgotten what I've studied about it, but the soil type was very different depending on the region, which would affect agriculture and what kind of goods were able to be grown in certain regions. Given you briefly mentioned how agricilture was slowly devastating cerrado, I thought you were going to talk about that, but looking back now, you didn't even touch on the subject! 😕
Cool video but kinda shallow. Considering São Paulo part of the coast might be a miss, but the weather comments were what really got to me. Even in the Northeastern Cerrado, depending on the altitude, you get to see tundras. And in Minas Gerais, São Paulo and even Rio, due to the terrain and weather, you’ll see dry and you’ll see wet. It has _snowed_ in Rio de Janeiro’s state in the past. Belo Horizonte is super dry. The coast doesn’t make the weather easier to bear, that’s a pretty silly notion, especially considering Europe’s recent heat waves. It’s all about globalization period.
A few years later, the first air conditioning in Brazil would arrive at the Municipal Theater of Rio de Janeiro, opened in 1909 - it couldn't be any different, since it was the Brazilian capital.
Mamaus is basically a coastal city: is only really conected to mainland by ships and planes. The amazon river is houge enough to support large cargo panamax ships.
I see the commercials all the way so that Jeff could get more revenue. I’ve have been doing this for several weeks now. Every new video I let TH-cam run the adds. I do not skip them in hopes that Jeff can get more money. Sadly I think is not really working. Jeff still don’t have money to afford a haircut. Where can I sign to patreon so that this man can have a civil haircut?
I don't think this is for Jeff to get more money, he won't get any say in your many ads are put on his videos, this is purely for TH-cam to make more money, possibly by hoping people change to TH-cam Premium, so you have a choice to pay, put up with them, or just not watch TH-cam anymore, sad as that sounds.
Fun fact: this concentration of our population along the coast was one of the main reasons Brazil decided to change its capital, building Brasília in the interior of the country. That's why our capital is no longer Rio de Janeiro, which confuses many people to this day lmao
It was to avoid hurricanes.
To avoid the culp'd eta
@@boethius1812 wrong, Brasilia was built to facillitate the admnistration of our country and internalize our population
@@boethius1812 não há furações no Brasil
@@boethius1812 there's no hurricanes in Brazil
When I was in university during the 1960's, I majored in Poltical Science and History.
One course I took for a year was Brasil
and it's Neighbors. I wrote a paper about the Northeast of Brazil 🇧🇷 focusing on the drought climate and
its effects on that area.
I also remember the President of Brasil
established Brasilia as the new capital,
to try and move the citizens inland,
around 1960, which was very modern
for that time.
I have met people from Brasil, such as
Minas Gerais, which means General
Mines, where gems are mined, and
from Belo Horizante, which I believe
translates to Beautiful Horizon.
Being an Amateur Radio operator
for many years, I sometimes talk
to them in Brasil, as I just did yesterday.😊
ANOTHER state capital.
Belo Horizonte means Beautiful Horizon indeed
This city was built to be the capital city of Minas Gerais State. Brazil also built the cities of Palmas, Goiânia and Campo Grande within its interior. But Brasília is the most fascinating to me.
The northeast of Brazil is truly a fascinating region of the country. It is the most populous region with a semi-arid climate in the world. I'm from there and most of Brazil's culture was born in the northeast.
@covardeceh4135 *Oh sure. Because a guy with a profile name of "mateus" must be some "arab foreigner pretending shit".*
Dude, just shut up. That guy is not a fake foreigner, he is just a Brazilian northeastern. You'd be surprised by how much they value and sing praises to their own Region. (great people, though, love them all) 😊
Edit: also, you might've misread his comment.
He didn't say Northeast is "the most populous Region of Brazil". He said that it is the most populous *on an arid climate region* in the entire world, as in there's no other arid region in the world as populated as the Northeast.
_Granted, okay, THAT ONE might going a little too far,_ but he never stated Northeast was the most populous Region of Brazil. DUH! Everyone unquestionably knows that's down here on the Southeast, even foreigners know that! _(I think...)_
climate isn't really what makes the coast so much more populated than the interior, since unlike what's been said in the video, the coastal cities are often much hotter, humid, rainier and prone to extreme weather events than the interior, as a good chunk of the coast is locked between the ocean and some extensive mountain ranges covered by rainforest (which also made these regions more susceptible to tropical diseases), and these mountains basically act as a wall between the coast and the interior - and i think that for a few centuries this was the main reason why population was concentrated on the coast: the coastal mountain ranges made it difficult to go to the interior. and if its hard to get to a region of the country where the only economic activity is rural, why bother going inland instead of staying in the port cities of the coast? that began to change with the gold rush, coffee and industrialization, because then there was a major economic incentive to build railways up the mountains and into the country (which is how sao paulo became such a huge city: it was the gateway to the interior, where the railway arrived after climbing up the mountains, and where the coffee was gathered and traded after coming from the interior before it went down to the port). nowadays thats no longer a relevant barrier, and the population center of the country have been steadily moving inland for the past decades
one more note: there are some places where there is no major mountain range between the coast and interior, but these places are basically the amazon rainforest and northeastern brazil, where the climate is very arid and prone to droughts. the other exception to this is the far south, almost in uruguay, and if you disconsider the capital city porto alegre i'd say it has the population rather evenly distributed
good info
I came to make similar points, as well as that the soil in the inland cerrado was very different than most crops were used to and a lot of work had to be done to make it into the booming agribusiness. Also the Serra do Mar means the inland rivers like the Paraná run down through Argentina so no inland water highways to this region unlike the Mississippi. Vital good points.
That being said having lived in Goiás it is much hotter and less hospitable than many coastal cities, even if landslides are less common. The September/October heat is brutal. Also breezes coming off the sea help. There’s much less wind inland, at least where I lived.
Spot on
I'm glad somebody pointed that out. I just noticed it on Brazil's Elevation Map.
I'm from Goiânia, a city 2 hours away from Brasília. There are about 2 million people in the metro region. What I find interesting is that the city has not completed 100 years yet. Many towns and cities in Brasil are pretty new when compared to the rest of the world.
Well, ANOTHER state capital!
I lived for more than a year in Goiânia and it has seen a LOT of migration. A big factor has been the growth of agriculture in the cerrado following better understandings of how to treat the soil to be more fertile for crops like sugar, soy and corn.
Kind of. Both São Paulo and Salvador are actually over 500 years old.
@@Fusso São Paulo is actually 469 years old and Salvador is 474 years old.
REALMENTE AQUI ONDE MORO TEM 35 anos
A good attempt at explaining Brazil, and I don't think you are wrong in your analysis, but having spent a reasonable amount of time in Brazil, from Florianópolis and Curitiba in the south to Belém in the north, as well as time in Rio and São Paulo, and having driven from Brasilia to Belo Horizonte one thing I did notice was the barrier between the coastal plain and the interior in the form of forested mountainous terrain. I think this is one reason, maybe the main reason the coast is more populated. I think it is a stretch calling São Paulo a coastal city having driven up from the port city of Santos to it. I keep hearing this all the time, but anyone who's ever been there knows this just isn't the case, despite it not being that far from it.
The other thing I'm surprised you didn't mention, in fact I'm not sure I've heard anyone mention it is the lack of navigable rivers that flow to the east coast from the interior (most follow either north up to the northeast or to the Paraná river and out into the River Plate estuary. I think this is a major reason. I was also surprised travelling around the Brasília area and into nearby Goiás, how hilly it was, sharp hills with deep ravines, it wasn't what I was expecting, I thought it would be flat scrubby grassland and bush, and whilst some is line this (with a lot of agriculture in places as well, mainly soya from what I was told) much of it wasn't.
I think the main reason for the lack of cities in the interior is whether there was a reason for it. With the lack of navigable rivers, no real industry, apart from mining, and these products I feel are transported away to the established coastal areas to be processed into manufacturer goods by rail, there isn't much need for big population centres, which in other countries acted as hubs for commerce and markets to sell the goods to the local population or as a centre to move the goods for export. Maybe I'm wrong here, but unlike the US I don't think there was the need to conquer more land, establish forts, move people in, to subjugate the existing native population, so this didn't happen, and by the time land transport was easier the coastal cities had become dominant that there was very little chance of interior settlements growing that big without huge amounts of government or private investment to establish it, which is the case for Brasília and Manaus.
This is pretty good assessment. The mountain range that streatches near coast of the southern and southeast region was a significant challenge in the beginning. The lack of navigable rivers also added another layer that descouraged expansion into the interior. Finally the overall prosperity of costal and near costal cities also worked as a lured in the overall internal migrantion. The establishment of cities like Brasilia did contribuited with a rapid expansion of settlements into the interior, but the vast majority still lives in driving distance of the coast.
Brazil actually severely lacks rail due to those mountains, and that meant agricultural produce inland was very hard to get to market too. Those mountains are a big factor, as are the waterways or lack thereof.
One more factor - the red soil in the cerrado needed a lot of research and treatment to become as fertile as it is today, which has flipped the economic equation and resulted in a lot of migration inland too.
@@robertb6889 Your response to my comment has actually made me question how all the agricultural produce does get exported, I know a lot will be consumed domestically, but when I made my comment it was under the impression that mining operations did have freight only rail links to the big cities, but you're right that because the agricultural cultivation of more and more land only happened in more recent decades there won't be infrastructure to get the produce to the coast.
I can only think all this produce has to go by road, and I was absolutely shocked that Brasília isn't connected to the major cities of Belo Horizonte, Rio, and São Paulo by anything more than a two lane highway for most of its distance despite the city only being built in the 1960s, I know most people fly but I just found this odd in a country that when I was the country was growing economically, although this has been hit massively since global economic slowdown and China not demanding so much raw material that a lot of this boom was from.
I also thought that the red soil was very fertile, though with the intense short bursts of rainfall in the tropics this would wash nutrients from the soil, so until irrigation schemes were set up large scale agriculture, with maybe the exception of animal grazing, was probably a problem. Maybe I'm wrong on this but it does have me thinking.
Lastly, thinking about the need for expansion into the interior, I wonder, was never a priority because unlike the US there was never an incentive or even possibility of getting to the Pacific Coast. Having looked on Wikipedia at the map of population density in the country, even though I know it just wasn't particularly adhered to I do wonder if the Treaty of Torsedillas did have some effect. I do notice that the areas of the south that are not in the tropics and thus not so inhospitable, were populated by me immigration from countries like Germany. I remember being in the south of Chile an area where the Chilean government also encouraged immigration from Germany and the Balkans, as did Argentina just across the border on the other side of the Andes. I just think that there was enough work and opportunity, and community, for say the Italian migration to Brazil in the coastal cities that there was no point travelling to the interior where it would be difficult, near impossible to settle and make a better life.
Comparing Brazil to the US, I guess that the push westward in the US was helped by the fact that the Great Lakes system in the north and the Mississippi have natural transportation routes circumnavigating the barrier that was the Appalachians allowing the exportation of goods and building an economic base that supported the population it has today. Even then the East Coast cities in the US are also a lot more populated than the interior so it isn't that different.
(apologies for the long response, you got me thinking)
He is completely wrong in his assumptions. This video is such a bad take.
I'm Brazilian and I agree with you in many aspects. The video considered São Paulo as part of the coast, I believe, due to the great proximity that the city of São Paulo has to the coast even though it is not on the coast and the city of Santos is part of the megalopolis São Paulo, which is a junction of the various cities around it. Brazil really does not have the advantage of having ports further inland on its large rivers such as the Amazon, São Francisco or the Paraná River. The Amazon River is located in an area with a small population and a geography that limits human occupation; the only major port is Manaus. The São Francisco River runs through a semi-arid area for most of its course, despite being born in a wetter area to the south, and in the semi-arid areas there are no large cities. The Paraná River is far inland and rivers such as the Tietê that connects São Paulo to Paraná and the Iguaçu River that connects Curitiba to Paraná flow precisely in the interior, where the Paraná River follows its course through other countries such as Argentina and Paraguay, which makes it more difficult for Brazil to monopolize trade there.
You talked about the deforestation of the Atlantic Forest, and some specialists estimate that we have less than 10% of its original size intact. Fun fact, at the minute 7:22 the city you’re showing is Salvador, capital of the state of Bahia, where I’m from, and the neighborhoods are Graça and Vitória, two of the most expensive places of the city.
Did someone know that Brazil is bigger than the continental USA excluding Alaska state of course
didn't know that so it's huge
Yup! Without Alaska (and Hawaii), Brazil is larger by total area.
The Northern point of Brazil is closer to Canada than to the southernmost point.
@@robertb6889 Cool
Hi, Geoff! I’m from the northeastern region of Brazil and I really liked your video and that you talked about my country! I believe it was missing to mention the main factor of the majority of the Brazilian population living on the coast, which are the coastal mountain chains (serras) that go from north to south, whether it is the Serra da Borborema in my state, or the Serra do Mar in the southeast or even the Serra Geral in the south of the country.
POATAN PEREIRA IS THE GREAT LEADER OF THE BRAZILIAN INDIGENOUS CLAN. EUROPAEANS DOESN'T KNOW S**T ABOUT THAT.
Im northeastern Brazilian and I didnt knew it. Amazing and good to see you here nordestino bro.
@@Beupeunever heard about it, good to know
The Guianas don't speak Spanish. They speak English, Dutch and French.
There's only two Guianas, the other is called Suriname
@@brunonczmaus it is also known as Dutch Guiana.
That's correct, but since they only make up around
@@Cuyi1990One of the 4 Guyanas is Brazilian. It is called Amapá.
There are 5 Guyana: Spanish (in Venezuela), English, Dutch (Suriname), French, and Portuguese (in Brazil - Amapá).
There is also a geological factor, basically Brazil's interior is a high Plateau, the litoral area is a small strip closed by hill formations going north south, It was hard to get to Brazil's interior before building roads and so, the easeiest way to get to the interior was by rivers, thus there was a huge incentive to stuck by the shore. São Paulo indeed is not on the litoral because it stays on the narrowest strip of Brazil's shore
Australia is similar, most of us live in area the size of Norway.
Just waaaaaay fewer people.
Australia is way more extreme. You have places like Brasilia and Goiania in the middle of the country which are quite large (together like 1/6 the population of all of Australia for just the 2 cities). There is plenty of water inland and rain for half the year, very unlike the outback. Goiania got more cm of rain than Seattle Washington, mostly from November through May.
@@robertb6889 Australia is quite arid, only 20% of the 26 million live away from coastel regions. It's not completely empty, you'll find townships spread right across, except mostly in Western Australia, then there is the city of Alice Springs pretty much in the center, not far from Uluru.
Water is scarce in Australia, but that is just part of living here. It's not really desert here, it's arid, there is water, but it's limited.
We do though have large artesian reservoirs underground in the center which supports many places.
Brazil must be inspired in Australia, NZ, Canada, Swiss etc, must care about the inner issues first.
My History teacher told us that anything unusual can happen in Brazil. Now that I think of it, Manaus is no exception to that rule lol
Three curious points that you need to understand beyond what is in the video: 1-São Paulo is a large urban area located at an average altitude of 700 meters above sea level on a plateau not far from the coast and is surrounded by a mountainous region further inland and is at the same time on a plateau that facilitates the entry of ocean moisture. Thanks to this, the city is located in a large area with a flatter relief and has a milder climate due to its geographical characteristic in which there are passages of cold fronts directly coming from the coast that soften the city's climate, leaving it colder. compared to several cities in the interior of the state of São Paulo and even on the coast as the city of Santos is much more humid and stuffy. It is more difficult for the city of São Paulo to become hotter and this only happens due to climate change.
2- The 4 metropolitan regions that contribute most to the national industrial GDP are: São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and Campinas. Brasília has more GDP than Belo Horizonte and Campinas, but it is a city that lives more on public service and has large local and state-owned agencies as it is the country's capital, but it is not a comprehensive industrial hub like Belo Horizonte and Campinas. Campinas is not mentioned in the video, but it is already the fifth metropolitan region with the highest GDP in Brazil and has a population of 3 million inhabitants and is very close to the city of São Paulo, and in the future the two could coexist. Between São Paulo and Campinas there is another city called Jundiaí, both of which could join as well. Jundiaí is small and has less than a million inhabitants despite being rich.
3- The interior of Brazil nowadays is much more developed than the coast, since the best city in Brazil to live in is far from the sea and is called Maringá, according to research, for example, the two metropolitan regions with more than a million of residents with the highest gdp per capita are in the interior: Campinas and Brasília. There is also a state that is already considered the breadbasket of Brazil due to its enormous agricultural production that places Brazil among the largest food producers in the world, which is called Mato Grosso, the second city with the highest concentration of trees per inhabitants in the world as well. is in the interior and is Goiânia, the city with the largest cultural complex in Brazil is Belo Horizonte, Manaus is one of the largest industrial centers in Brazil and is in the middle of the Amazon, Pouso Alegre, a city in the south of Minas Gerais, will host a factory from the Chinese giant SAIC.Gramado is a small city in the state of Rio Grande do Sul located in Serra Gaucha and known for its cold climate as it is one of the only places in Brazil that snows in winter, it even had a hotel that was considered the second best in the world.
А Порту-Аллегри,Куритиба и Гуарульюс? Какой нафиг Кампинас.
@@ЯношВольт Porto Alegre and Curitiba are capitals of the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná respectively. And Guarulhos is a city that is part of the metropolitan region of São Paulo and is home to the largest airport in the country. Campinas is not well known for being a city that is not the capital of any state, but its metropolitan region is rich and its GDP, oddly enough, is ahead of Porto Alegre and Curitiba. Campinas is second only to the capital of my state, which is Belo Horizonte, an incredible city as well and the third most populous in Brazil, Brasília, which is the federal capital of my country, Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.
@@ЯношВольт Campinas is very close to the city of São Paulo and is part of the state that has the same name as the capital, São Paulo. The two are very close and there is Jundiaí between them. Campinas and Jundiaí are very rich. There are other rich cities also close to São Paulo such as São José dos Campos, Sorocaba, Piracicaba, Santos, which is on the coast and has the largest port in Latin America, etc...
@@ЯношВольт Do you know Belo Horizonte?
This happens with a lot of large countries though. Most of the population of Brazil, US, China, Australia, live in the eastern half of the country, with China, Brazil, and Australia's population specifically concentrated by the coast, while Russia's population is mostly in the European side (west), and Canada's in the southeast, near the Great Lakes.
My country Suriname 🇸🇷,South America,is just like our Big Neigbor Brazil🇧🇷,it consist of 93% of Tropical Amazon Forest.
I did not expect Manaus to be so populous as a city within a rainforest
Rubber boom over 100 years ago, and while slow it can be accessed relatively inexpensively via the Amazon.
River access helps a lot, same concept with Paris
During the dictatorship the government incentives the occupation for national security, Manaus is a free fiscal zone, all settlers that came to Amazon region was given land titles that's the origen of the deforestation.
It´s a pretty randon normal city. There are smaller cities in the same state and other state capital cities in other states as well. It´s not empity as international popular belife would have it.
Manaus and Belém do Pará, and anothers.
I live in the south of Brazil and it's interior is much more populated. It get's cold here, and it even snows occasionally.
Curitiba is also bigger than Porto Alegre, the font might be outdated.
The metropolitan area of Porto Alegre is bigger than Curitiba.
@@christianobrandao5107 Curitiba is the biggest city in the southern region of Brazil. Check updated data please.
As a Brazilian, I want to thank you so much for this incredible class. I myself never knew about this. The graphics are all so cool and informative. Thank you enormously!!
As a Brazilian, I like to start my phrases as a Brazilian.
Australia is exactly the same. Most live all around the coast line. Had no idea Brazil was the same.
Brazil stopped being a colony in 1808 (de jure, in 1815). In 1822, there was a secession, which was ignited by the new Portuguese constitution.
It was wonderful to learn more about Brazil - well done!
Hi Geoff!
I’m from Brazil, I live in São Paulo and I love your videos!
Your video is very accurate and you brought many interesting facts about my country! Thank you and congratulations!
Here here...great podcast. Greetings from Pennsylvania
So nice to see a video about Brazil, Geoff!
Even better to see you using the imagens from my city, Salvador de Bahia at 7:18 and 7:51, these images are from the Barra neighborough.
Love the indigenous people of Brazil 🇧🇷
Unfortunately they're not very friendly to the civilized Brazil. They're skeptical when they see citizens.
They have iPhone, I don't
@@xesex1000what the fuck are you talking about
Eh, they are pretty overrated. Never evem managed to develop good fishing culture and had a really undeveloped society compared to the Incas and North American indigenous.
@@braziliantsar não é bem assim, a geografia impediu muitas coisa
Well I learned something today about Brazil I never knew. Thanks….I love the details of the maps also!
Actually, our population was overestimated. Projections used to show it from 212 to 215 million, but last year's census showed it is only 203 million people, so the rythym of growing was slower than expected. Some major cities like Salvador and Fortaleza even lost population, and medium sized cities have grown significantly. Yet still the two less populous regions are the center-west and the north, with a higher concentration by the coast as you said.
The fertility rate in Brazil is now below 1,8 and decreasing, which is very low and insufficient for a huge country like this. In the 1950s and 1960s, Brazilian women used to have 5 children on average, but this has decresed consistently over the next few decades.
Even Rio lost population.
É que o resto não foi contabilizado, pois vazou do Brasil e está morando no Exterior, segundo o Ministério das Relações Exteriores= O Itamaraty !!!
@@MarioSergioPassos Provavelmente tem mais que 203, mas menos que 209. As projeções foram feitas em 2010, antes da pandemia e da crise.
@@solomasculino6793 it's The cause of aislationism. The idea that You has failed in your country and You don't have another Country where You can emigrate to. That's why in 2080, brazilian population would ve 180 million
In 1850 a reverse Homestead Act came into law in Brazil, stating that empty land should be bought directly from the government.
There are a million reasons why the population concentrate on the coast, but there's also been a thousand opportunities to fix that that were missed.
You forgot to mention the pampa and araucaria biomes in Brazil too.
The least populated part of Brazil in reality isn't the Amazon (which is basically the north region) but actually the Mid-Western region (Centro-oeste in Portuguese) The North has around 17 million, while the Mid-West has 16 million, and before the construction of Brasília, basically had no inhabitants.
The North (Amazon) wasn't too hard to settle because of its abundance of rivers. The mouth of the Amazon River is located fully in Brazilian territory, so to get deep into the Amazon just meant going up to Belém, going through the Marajó bay, and in a couple of days, Manaus, the largest city in the Amazon.
However, the Mid-West historically was HELL to get to. You had two rivers: The Paraguay/Paraná rivers, to get you to Mato Grosso, which involved you sailing down to Uruguay/Argentina, through the Río de La Plata Estuary, all the way up through Paraguay, until you got to Corumbá/Cuiabá. This was historically dangerous, an example being in the Paraguay war, one of the first things Paraguay did was kidnap the governor of Mato Grosso while his ship was docked at Asunción.
The other option, was through the north, to get you to Tocantins/Goiás. You had to go through Belém (Amazon Delta) then through the Tocantins/Araguaia rivers, which is essentially impossible due to rapids on the Araguaia river. The soil around the Mid-West (cerrado biome) was also incredibly acidic and infertile, which meant it had to be chemically altered in order to grow crops, hence why cattle grazing is so popular there. So essentially, getting to the Mid-West either meant going through the waters of other nations, or going through rapids.
Brazil is such a cool country. I live in the "capital of Scandinavia", yet there is a city in the middle of the rainforest that's bigger 😂
The fact that Manuas is as big as it in, while being literally surrounded by the world’s largest rainforest always blows my mind. Heck, the city of São Paulo has a larger population than the entire country that colonized it.
The government f*cks us a lot, that's why we got such a big population in only 500 years, i am a male and even i got pregnant and gave birth. @@dadcelo
It's not
cope @@MagicMike_101
@@MagicMike_101
It is
I think he ment stockholm which has just over a million residents
So... Last year I went to Palmas and Cuiabá, two of the brazilian inland cities. Its so hot that it rains like a hot shower. I almost passed out in the middle of the street because I was walking at noon. Such lovely places tho. Can't recommend enough
I'm Brazilian. You did an amazing summary about Brazil history in 10 minutes. Great job! Your videos are awesome. Great work. Through them, I have learned a lot about the USA
I am Brazilian and like to start my phrases as I am Brazilian.
@@MagicMike_101 I just wanted to show that I appreciated the content. He made an excellent video about the history of my country.
Without watching the video I'll say that's the reason Brasilia was built, to better control the lightly inhabited interior, and hoping that people would start living in it, but never really happened outside Brasilia because the interior highlands are dryer and have a rougher climate than either the coast, or the southern portion of Brazil which is highly developed.
The inland highlands have serious rainfall. I lived in Goiania which gets more rain than Seattle by a good measure. It’s only there part of the year but with good water management it allows multiple growing seasons.
The bigger issue historically was poor soil for most cash crops which has changed with better understanding of how to treat that soil, as well as poor transport. Brazil put in a lot of effort in agricultural science and now much of the cerrado can be cultivated (though at high impact to biodiversity as it has many endemic species and the least protected land of any biome in Brazil by percent of land mass.)
And the fact that it was built in the 60s meant it’s infrastructure was suited more towards a car based way of life means that it’s heavily based around using your car, unlike public transit
Exactally!
Wait, whaaatt?? @@robertb6889 Goiania has no rain for several months... It rains only between november and like March, I guess. Not a single cloud in the sky for the rest of the year.
If you pay a visit to southern Brazil you can see what is a reeeall rainy land. I do live here and we had almost no sunlight this entire year. Thinking of moving away. There's no point in living near a beach if there's no sun.
I lived in Goiania for 6 years, what a f*ng hot place. First thing I had to do is to install air conditioning in my home and my car. But I like there. Lots of friendly and drunk girls.
3:10 just a small note about this part: the treaty of Tordesillas was fairly well respected initially (within what was possible at the time) but then in 1580 king Sebastian of Portugal died with no heirs, and the throne went to king Phillip II of Spain, which meant the treaty wasn't really enforced (though it was tecnically still valid) during the Iberian Union. By the time the union ended the portuguese settlers had encroached deep beyond the limits of the treaty and the countries formalized new borders in the treaty of Madrid 100 years later
Every former Portuguese colony have this pattern of settlement because of feitorias, they concentrated the population around very few entrepôts along the coast, which made it easier for a small colonial power like Portugal to exert the control of trade of large areas far from them.
The video is intriguing, but there are some points that warrant discussion. It's not uncommon to observe countries with a higher population residing along the coast, so that aspect isn't particularly surprising. What truly captured my attention, albeit unintentionally, is the video's portrayal of Brazil's interior as almost inhospitable, with an implication that the three cities mentioned are exceptions. In reality, Belo Horizonte not only stands as the largest metropolitan area in the interior but also serves as the capital of the second-largest state in the country - a landlocked state situated more than 50 miles away from the coastline. Numerous cities within this state boast populations around or exceeding 500 k, mirroring the urban context in many parts of the United States.
Other Brazilian states also host sizable urban areas in their interiors, such as Campinas with 3.1 kk inhabitants, Goiânia with 2.5 kk, Sorocaba with 2.0kk, Ribeirão Preto with 1.6 kk, Piracicaba with 1.4 kk, and the list goes on. In fact, I'm pretty sure that Brazil has more interior cities with populations surpassing 500 k than the US.
@GeographyByGeoff There are many MOUNTAINS in the interior of Brazil, mainly in the states of Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, Espírito Santo and São Paulo
, the temperatures are low, very different from the "hot and humid" mentioned in the video
I didn't know the caatinga biome was exclusive to Brazil! Wow!
9:47
*Hey, these are ALL state capitals (in Brazil)!*
SP - RJ - RS - CE - PE - BA - PR
Brazil also tends to move capitals to larger cities when they grow. Most every one I know of is the largest city in its state, and several have moved.
Acabei de descobrir que não é somente o Acre que não existe. o Centro-oeste, Minas Gerais, vários estados do norte... Aliás, não sei o que é que eu tô fazendo aqui, se eu tampouco existo. Sou do interior paulista. Agora entendi porque os estrangeiros dizem que nossa capital é RJ. Porque o DF, por ser longe do litoral, não existe.
As a brazilian living in Florianopolis, south coastline, i give you congratulations for this video! Its 99,98% correct!
About the 00,02% let me tell you.
About the landscape of the south area, Rio Grande do Sul state, most part of it is the "Pampa", an endless fields like North Dakota (i like to use some examples). I could inclued the "Lavrado" in the amazon region, near the border with Guiana and Venezuela where is called "Gran Savana" and where is the Tepuis.
Still using some examples we could relate Pantanal with Everglades, Caatinga with desert areas of Arizona, Cerrado great plains etc.
By total area USA is bigger than Brazil, but in continuous land, without Alasca, Brazil is bigger.
One of the major differences between the USA and Brazil are the latter's lack of navigable rivers near major cities (there's nothing like the Mississippi basin in Brazil since the Amazon is too far away from almost anybody) and deep sea ports with lots of peninsulas, naturally protected bays and islands, most of Brazil's coasts are too smooth and shallow.
As a Brazilian, I like to start my phrases as a Brazilian.
@@BN.ja05Yep, good point indeed. The closest we have are a few bays and medium-semi large lakes, and the transport those have are underveloped.
Hey Geoff, thanks for featuring my country. You were very accurate. I’d love to see you speaking more about it.
3:25 sir you are wrong. Brazilian here. Guyana and the Falkland Islands speak English, Suriname speaks Dutch and French Guiana speaks French. We speak Portuguese in Brazil and then the rest of South America speaks Spanish. Get it right sir.
It's worth mentioning that the Great Brazilian Escarpment played a role in the distribution of population in Brazil, as it also affected how the rivers flow in the country. In an area that large with no roads in colonial times, rivers were an important mean of transportation. That escarpment was a hurdle in most part of the Brazilian coast, one exception was the Amazon, which allowed the Portuguese to go much further inland. This pattern also reflects the Portuguese civilization, note that Portugal has the same pattern of coastal cities like Brazil and an empty interior, this is also noticeable in other Portuguese colonies. This can also be observed how Spain and Spanish America distributed its major cities similarly.
Recently been looking at Israel's geography, especially the Gush Dan region of Tel Aviv (43% of the population), or the Coastal Plain (57% of the population). Beersheba sub-district (Negev Desert) makes up almost 50% of Israel's total area!
Gostaria de ceder a Israel uma área aqui no Brasil equivalente ao que israel possui hoje .
1:22: A millennium. Two or more millennia.
If you start off showing yourself ignorant and/or stupid, it takes the shine off the whole video.
10:47: "The decline of the rubber industry"?? The rubber industry emphatically did not decline. It exploded with wheeled and then motorized transport, so the claim made here is ridiculous. What happened was the English smuggled rubber plants out and set up the plantations that made and make Malays rich today. Brazil's rubber industry lost its monopoly, a very very different thing from what is said here.
Now in Brazil, we discovered with the latest 2022 IBGE Census, that people are migrating from the coast and large metropolitan regions to the interior of the country.
because of the violence in big cities
The author said most Brazilians live 50 miles from the coast line, which is a completely false statement! Correct would be to say not 50 but 500 miles, where most live! Even though, there are many big cities further than 500 miles from the coast, which is more or less the same for the US.
Isso mesmo. Está errada a informação dele.
Hmmm... That cost area in the south is not correct. It stretches more than 50 miles from the coast. It's including 50 miles around the Patos lagoon.
The whole Porto Alegre metro, with 4 million people, plus the Caxias do Sul area, with 1 million people, are more than 50 miles from the coast
You forgot about Iquitos in Peru. It's often called the "Capital of the Amazon." It has more people than Boa Vista.
Fun fact: The Treaty of Tordesillas was signed in 1494, six years before the portugueses "discovered" the brazilian lands.
THIS, this pissed me off so much
🎉Brazil is bigger than the United States if we exclude the state of Alaska. It is the country with the most arable land in the world. It has the largest population of Japanese and Italian descendants in the world. In addition to the second largest population of German descendants after the United States and Slavs. It is also the largest Afro-descendant community on the planet. It's a fascinating country
I think India has more arable land if I'm not mistaken
More Italians, Portuguese, Spaniards. Japanese and Lebanese emigrated to Brazil than to the US. There was also a huge German emigration to Brazil. Also more Africans were driven to Brazil thsn to the US.
I'm from the interior: we think octopus and squids are aliens and shrimp is a kind of maggot.
I really, really enjoyed your video! 👏
I live in central Brazil, the axis Brasília-Anapolis-Goiania. It is the third largest urban aglomerate in Brazil ( around 8 million). Then there's the metropolitana Belo Horizonte area, very far from the coast, as the fourth. So, it is not that simple...
Yes, Brazil was settled in a narrow strip of land along the coast, but with time, mainly starting in the 1960’s there has been a constant push to move westward, mainly in the southwest. Why? Because the huge northwest is where the Amazon jungle is. It is an extremely hostile area. But even there pockets of population have been established along rivers that have become middle-sized cities.
Excelente conteúdo para estrangeiros conhecerem. Parabéns pela pesquisa. Muito assertiva.
Without Alaska, Brazil is bigger than USA.
So huge country.
Hey Geoff, it seems that more then 50% of American’s live within 50 miles of the coastline also. Could you elaborate on this?
It's also the case for Peru so maybe Geoff can elaborate on that as well 😉
Almost all of all coastlines is uninhabited -- because people are concentrated in cities at spots on coastlines.
I would be very surprised if it turned out that the coastline to interior ratio is higher than the ratio of inhabited to uninhabited area anywhere..
I.e. I suspect that the distinction being made here is entirely bogus.
LATAM must be united like EU!
@@KristianAponte I suspect over 90% of the population of Chile lives within 50 miles of the coast too... I wouldn't mind a video from Geoff explaining that for us.
@@jb31842🤣
Fun fact: this video is factually wrong. Above the top 10 Brazilian cities by population:
1) São Paulo: interior
2) Rio: Coast
3) Brasilia: Interior
4) Fortaleza: Coast
5) Salvador: Coast
6) Belo Horizontes: Interior
7) Manaus: Interior
8) Curitiba: Interior
9) Recife: Coast
10) Goiania: Interior
Considering those cities
Total population interior: 21.859.728
Total population coast: 12.546.529
Our interior is very well populated.
Great video! And I'd like to add some details. I guess the sea refreshes miles inland in the northeast region. In the south and southeast regions, in terms of temperature, on a daily basis, the sea barely refreshes the seashore, sometimes not even that because the prevailing winds are from the northeast, it comes from the continent and arrives hot. From a few kilometers inland to the foothills both the temperature and the thermal sensation (humidity) increases to the point where these coastal lowlands are the hottest and muggiest in Brazil throughout summer and around (about 6 months), even more than in the Amazon and Manaus. Soon after, here in the southeast, comes the Serra do Mar (which means Sea Montains, because its highest altitudes are closer to the sea), which actually has a very mild even cool pleasant climate, most of these mountains are still within the 50 miles you mentioned, São Paulo is situated in part of these highlands near the sea and its climate is mild, so what you said might make perfect sense. Although, the facing the sea southern slopes of these mountains are national parks for water supply reasons, as they are the wettest areas. The coastal lowlands in some points go beyond 50 miles, which makes this type of absurdly muggy weather the most common in the habitable coastal regions of the south and southeast regions throughout the summer. A curiosity: In the colonial era, due to the climate, the imperial family moved from Rio de Janeiro to Petrópolis (in the Serra do Mar) and vice versa every 6 months.
In winter it is reversed, the seashores are less cold at night, the sea warms them. The Pantanal, which is at a similar latitude and has a lot of humidity, does not have hot nights as hot as in the coastal lowlands. This is, in some way, an effect of continentality in conjunction with the northeast trade winds (which, due to the geographic positions of the south and southeast regions) come from the continent and not from the sea as happens in the northeast region.
Well, what i just want to say that the colonization of the coast was due to historical factors, in my opinion it has nothing to do with the climate, because in fact the interior (except the northern region - Amazon) has many more areas with mild and cool climates than the coast, it is widely known here, with some exceptions, there are parts of the central-west and the northeastern hinterland both hot (but not as muggy as the coastals) as mild and cool climates, all very pleasant.
You can see what i said in maps like the site meteoblue.
Hi i am Brazilian... And i live in the interior of the country, yes i exist
Great video!
I would like just to point out two huge exceptions (overpopulated places out of the coasts).
The state of Minas Gerais (more than 21 million inhabitants)
And Federal District (Brasília) with more than 4 million.
You mentioned Belo Horizonte and Brasília, but it would be nice to point out the whole state of Minas as the biggest exception. Because it's simply the second most populated state in Brazil, and it's not on the coast.
Minas gerais foi uma exceção por causa do ouro e pedras preciosas, gerou uma migração europeia e interna mto grande para o interior.
Brazilian here. I live in the brazilian midwest, in the city of Goiânia. Lemme describe how it's like to live here:
- climate: hot and umid, temperature is unbearable from noon to dusk;
- seasons: summer, summer, summer and summer 😂;
- landscape: a greeny savanna. Its perfect for agriculture, beautiful to look at when traveling;
- economy: agriculture-centered, with some spots of tech industry here and there;
- politics: mainly conservative, with the exception of the capital Brasilia;
- people: texans, with less guns. We face uncontrolled immigration from northern (and poor) states;
- safety: somewhat safer than the rest of Brazil. Beware of your surroundings tho;
- culture: sertanejo (equivalent to US country music).
I live on the coast, on the edge of São Paulo where it borders the sea, and going deeper into the country you see how empty it is, like the states of Goiás, Acre, Amapá and others, I'm from Brazil and it's the first video I see on your channel, very good man!
The Amazon river is now going thru the worst drought it has had in122 years. This river is the main source of transportation for delivering goods and people. The large boats that are used are unable to navigate it.
Climate is definetly not the reason, the interior is usually way cooler than the coast because it's a sea of rolling hills and the odd mountain range, Sao Paulo is at times about 13 deegres celsius cooler than Santos or Rio de Janeiro, while further north (at the Mantiqueira mountains reguon) and further south (away from the tropic of capricorn) the difference can be about 20 deegres.
The sole reason the interior is not populated as the coast is because of such topography.
In truth no. There are cities in the interior of Brazil that are much hotter than coastal cities, or sometimes even the same. Cuiabá, for example, is as hot as Rio de Janeiro, the difference is that it is drier. Goiânia and Belo Horizonte are hotter than São Paulo, and Brasília is only colder than Goiânia and Belo Horizonte because of the higher altitude. Manaus is in the center of the Amazon and is absurdly hot.
@@danielgoncalvessantosbaldi8806 Você confirmou o ponto dele e não percebeu.
@@danielgoncalvessantosbaldi8806 ele está correto sou de uma cidade na serra da Mantiqueira (100 Miles ) e no inverno as temperaturas são NEGATIVAS
Mesmo no vale entre a serra e são Paulo ou a serra e o litoral mais a norte de são Paulo apesar de alcançar temperaturas como 30 C° ainda assim a sensação térmica é mais agradável que as metrópoles ou o litoral
Before our modern era, did mosquitos, by the diseases they can carry, put the brakes on large human settlements in some hot and humid regions?
Yes, unlike in Brazil (and most countries with access to the oceans) most of Colombia's population is found on the Andes mountain ranges, on plateaus like its capital city or high altitude valleys like it's 2nd and 3rd largest cities, during the Spanish Empire times most europeans died of tropical diseases, many transmitted through mosquitoes, thus the Spanish made their major settlements on the interior where mosquitoes and other pests weren't found. Today out of the 6 cities in Colombia with more than 1 million people, only 1 is located directly on the coast, whilst the rest are located either on coastal plains far from the sea or even more inland on the mountains.
São Paulo, Curitiba are not in the seaside, and lots of people live in the seaside because it’s far too gorgeous.
It's not
Манаус один из самых криминальных городов мира,наряду с Каракасом,Дурбаном и Тегульсигапой! А ещё половина жителей города живут в трущобах и он не соединён до сих пор с остальной страной дорогой с асфальтовым покрытием из-за коррупции и постоянных митингов общественных организаций и индейцев.При Луле дорога с твёрдым покрытием никогда не будет построена,т.к. он заигрывает с индейцами.
Are you russian? Don't you see your own country navel? The largest forest e the most concentration of ice are there, without mentioning the famous russian mafia e your not less famous drunkards. Before writting foolishness look at your own peoples' poverty. Untill few years ago you used make wardrobes and very bad cars.
I enjoy your vids.
As a photography major, the weird color crossovers (cause by mixed color temperature bulbs making it difficult to white balance) and overexposed keylight in the talking head portions of your productions hurts my heart.
11:50
I think a lot of people don't realize how useful water is for traveling.
Early civilizations used them a lot. Because you don't really need a lot of black top to use it.
The "road" is pretty much already there.
The treaty of Tordesilhas is prior to the arrival of PT to Brazil. 1494 vs 1500
I'm slightly disappointed you didn't mention the great escarpment at all
The answer to the question "Why So Few People Live In The Interior Of The Country?" is at 7:40.
One heavy negative factor in Brazil is their lack of deep sea ports to facilitate economic trade. USA was lucky in how much deep sea ports they were afforded, it meant they could trade freely and widely with other countries. If you lack a deep sea port it’s a huge hindrance to trade. It basically means if a country has some they’re golden, if a country doesn’t they’re basically broke
Lol that’s hardly a deficiency considering Brazil has an enormous coastline that can and has been developed throughout the years. The real bad deal is being landlocked like Bolivia or Lesotho.
Excellent Video Geoff
6:29 it has biodiversity, but it's not particularly biodiverse like the "mata atlântica", the amazon forest or the "cerrado"
Brazil is amazing.
It's not
@@MagicMike_101what? 😂 Why so negative
Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais
I liked the video, but i think that was incomplete and unfair (untentionaly) with some regions. Was missing a lot of big citys in the contryside, like, Goiania, Campinas, Campo Grande, Cuiabá, Ribeirao Preto, Uberlandia, Maringá, Londrina, Juiz de Fora, Montes Claros, Sorocaba and many other. The video pass the wrong idea that inside the country its so much empty than real. There are a lot of infrastructure (except from the amazon region). I missed more information about "cerrado", that its a big area without all that umity described. I missed the bioma of the "pampa" in RS and the "serra do mar" and "serra do espinhaço". What motivate the people to live on the seaside is by far relationated to historic context than climate issues. The climate of the countryside (except for amazon) its better to live. Im from Belo Horizonte. Thanks for the video.
The thumb it's not true..."nobody leaves here" it's clickbait. In such a short lane there would never be room for so many people. The most populous city is São Paulo, which is not on the coast, the interior of the State of São Paulo is also densely populated. The capital of the State of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, is among the largest cities, and it is in the interior of the country, it is a state that does not even have access to the sea. Just look at Google Maps. And the capital has millions of inhabitants and is right in the center of the country.
The video isn’t accurate. It’s not climate related. It’s due to the lack of infrastructure and economic development in the interior areas, making it mostly rural. In Brazil there always been a huge “rural exodus”, that’s how we call it, where people always dream to move to the big cities to find better opportunities, and due to the colonization the biggest and most well developed cities are on the coast. And talking about climate, if you are 50 miles from the coast in the state of Bahia for example, it will be 78 degrees at 3 am, but if you are 200+ miles away from the coast at night can get really cold, like 64 degrees (considered cold in the north).
Me being from the interior 😢
Moat of the interior still unpopulated you can drive hours without seeing anyone
Love your post!
One huge non sequitur, was showing aboriginal people on horses.
What's up with that? Maybe you can edit that out.
Regardless, populations will always congregate near bodies of water. Brasil is no different.
Also, I am surprised by your only casually mentioning Brasilia. hmmm
Yeah, when talking about the population duality of Brazil, Brasilia should be discussed more.
Actually that is historically accurate. The image is a painting by Jean-Baptiste Debret representing the Charrua tribe, that lived in the Pampas of the far south. After contact with the early Spanish colonization, the Charruas acquired horses and got really skilled in riding them.
Most were eventually exterminated by colonizers, and the remaining ended up mixing with the Spanish and Portuguese, giving origin to the Gaúchos from Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay.
The Brazilian Gaúcho folklore still have several songs telling stories about legendary Charruas and their way of life, that had some habits passed to Gaúchos.
Exactly. The far south.
But, not what we know of Brasil generally.
An astute observation! Thanks @@Pixelarter
@@michaelinminn They inhabited areas of what is now the state of Rio Grande do Sul, that is part of the Brazilian territory since colonial times.
Charruas made part of Brazilian history, being one among hundreds of different indigenous tribes that inhabited this land.
A curiosity. The official population of Brazil is 203 million inhabitants according to the 2022 national census. In 2010 there were 190 million. This number above 214 million were erroneous projections made. 😊
The Brazilian population is concentrated in the coastal area due to the presence of the Serra do Mar (Mountain range) that runs along most of the Brazilian coast and was a formidable geographic obstacle to overcome throughout its colonization. It was only from the second half of the 20th century that there was an expansion towards the West.
Is crazy how a nation less than 100.000 square kilometers Portugal ruled for centuries like 4 centuries such a huge landmass bigger than the continental USA being Portugal smaller than great Britain very unfair in my opinion
The European empires were much more technological than the indigenous people, i'm not surprised they got it under control for so long.
300 anoss!!!! 300!!!!!!!!!!!
@@danielabenettisantana412 no really but the portuguese colinist the descendants of them run the country even till these very days so in simple words they never left
@@Sebastian-ke1fe os portugueses atuais não fazem parte da história do Brasil!!! Não existem portugueses no Brasil!!!! Os portugueses são estrangeiros no Brasil!!! Para um português entrar no Brasil tem que pedir AUTORIZAÇÃO aos brasileiros!!!!! Boa tarde do Brasil. 👍🏻💃🏻
@@Sebastian-ke1feDe fato. A maioria é descendente de portugueses, mesmo os que negam quando faz análise genética é positivo.
I recently have subscribed to your channel. This is the second video i'v watched, I love it.
Keep up with the good work !
Success...
Nonsense.
There are several large urban hubs outside the coastline.
Goiania-GO . Huge agribusiness and light manufacturing MSA.
Ribeirão Preto -SP. Another large market with top notch medical school, agribusiness and manufacturing sector. Well past 700k inhabitants
Cuiabá and Campo Grande by the Mato Grosso States
The whole state of Minas Gerais is hinterland. We are talking towns such as Belo Horizonte , Uberaba, Uberlândia , Juíz de Fora
Manaus -AM is not a coastal town. It is a river town by the Amazon River. It is also the country special economic interest duty free zone where several manufacturing companies run plants.
Brasilia in itself is a large MSA
In the upper and lower Paraná river basin there are several large and small cities . Fernandopolis , Barretos , Araçatuba , Maringá , Londrina , Caceres , Ponta Grossa , Foz do Iguaçu , Garapuava.
This vídeo is an armachair analysis made by someone who never set foot in a country of near continental dimensions . Shame on you.
Don't forget in Rio Grande do Sul, southern region there's the Pampa ecosystem. A huge plain with endless fields.
The Treaty of Tordesillas was made before the discovery of Brazil, not after. There's some evidence that the Portuguese knew it was there before its official discovery, but it's just speculation.
Okay but that is a lie is not 50 miles from the coast is 456 km from the coast i am from brazil in the state of são paulo here the idiome is portuguese 🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷🇧🇷 i like brazil😊
Pois é, essa é uma das coisas que mais me irritam nos estrangeiros. Eles pensam que o Brasil é só "praia" e "floresta amazônica".
Niguém dá importância ao Pantanal, ao cerrado, à mata atlântica ou até mesmo à caatinga, que é muito mais do que "só mais um deserto"!
Thank you for your coverage, mister!
And sorry for just speaking my language without translating it. 😅 Hopefully, TH-cam's translator should suffice, I tried to keep the text simple.
Edit: one thing I'd like to point out, though, (which your video seemingly left out) was the lack of adressing the mountain/plateau ranges that stretch all across the coast and might've been one of the factors that made inland habitation less attractive.
I say less, not "impossible", because my city of São Paulo is located PRECISELY on one of these mountain ranges. You say "it is just 30 miles away from the coast", but we need to climb down *a huuuge mountain* to get there.
Something easy nowadays thans to the cliffside roads and tunnels digging through the mountains, but it was far less viable all those centuries ago, which still didn't stop the city from starting off as a village then gradually expanding since then.
Another thing you left out, which on hindsight is odd for a "geography" channel, is the soil.
Now I'll admit I've long forgotten what I've studied about it, but the soil type was very different depending on the region, which would affect agriculture and what kind of goods were able to be grown in certain regions.
Given you briefly mentioned how agricilture was slowly devastating cerrado, I thought you were going to talk about that, but looking back now, you didn't even touch on the subject! 😕
Cool video but kinda shallow. Considering São Paulo part of the coast might be a miss, but the weather comments were what really got to me.
Even in the Northeastern Cerrado, depending on the altitude, you get to see tundras.
And in Minas Gerais, São Paulo and even Rio, due to the terrain and weather, you’ll see dry and you’ll see wet. It has _snowed_ in Rio de Janeiro’s state in the past. Belo Horizonte is super dry.
The coast doesn’t make the weather easier to bear, that’s a pretty silly notion, especially considering Europe’s recent heat waves. It’s all about globalization period.
A few years later, the first air conditioning in Brazil would arrive at the Municipal Theater of Rio de Janeiro, opened in 1909 - it couldn't be any different, since it was the Brazilian capital.
Mamaus is basically a coastal city: is only really conected to mainland by ships and planes. The amazon river is houge enough to support large cargo panamax ships.
I see the commercials all the way so that Jeff could get more revenue. I’ve have been doing this for several weeks now. Every new video I let TH-cam run the adds. I do not skip them in hopes that Jeff can get more money.
Sadly I think is not really working. Jeff still don’t have money to afford a haircut. Where can I sign to patreon so that this man can have a civil haircut?
I don't think this is for Jeff to get more money, he won't get any say in your many ads are put on his videos, this is purely for TH-cam to make more money, possibly by hoping people change to TH-cam Premium, so you have a choice to pay, put up with them, or just not watch TH-cam anymore, sad as that sounds.
Kudos from Brazil!