An excellent discussion about Celtic origins and the traces of Celtic myth that can be studied. It was a long and winding road but it was DEFINITELY worth the trip.
I am from Belgium. Pre Celtic Belgians are one of the oldest people in West-Europe. There was a landbridge between the Flemish coast the north east of France and Britain. Pre Celtic people from the seaside of the area and a little bit later walked into Britain while hunting reindeers who went to Britain. Before those Pre celtic People Neanderthaler people went to Britain.
the Doggerland situation ( land connection between England, Belgium Holland and Denmark ended about 8100 BC when the last remnant of Doggerland got flooded, at least about four millenia before the period this speech is about.
Very interesting. It would be welcome, perhaps for the next stage of research and next lecture, to dwell further on the second wave, of PIE people migrating from east to west, and correlate with the archaeogenetics research. If I'm correct, this lecture stands behind the idea that there was a first wave of the very earliest farmers who did not speak PIE, instead other languages, and they originated the tribes that settled in the Basqueland, Etruria, Sardinia, etc, and their descendants are the Basque. This was followed by a second great wave that lasted until the late Bronze Age (1000/800 BC), and these were IE tribes, whose language evolved into local variants, and these became the many european languages. But questions remain: were these IE also (late-)farmers, or only nomads, or a mix of both?
The Atlantic Celtic civilization is much older than the La Tene and Hallstatt civilizations. I strongly believe that the Gallaecian, Tartessian and Celtiberian civilizations were the first Celtic civilizations.
Galatians should be distinguished from Keltoi in Iberia. Galatians in Turkey is early 3rd century (mid Roman republic period). So, much later than, in terminology Greek & Romans, the Keltoi/Celtae (i.e. Celtiberians) - goes back much earlier. Celtiberians were there from Neolithic (out of Anatolia, 6th millennium BCE). Koch (this speaker) & Cunliffe wrote about this in “Exploring Celtic Originsl” (2019), ch. 2 in particular.
@@JasenAsiaCeltiberians were mixed with Neolithic Farmers, they were not of identical stock. In fact, their migrations are correlated with the extinction of the patrilineal marker of Neolithic Farmers (Haplogroup G) in the Iberian peninsula.
At 18:45 he gets to some good info - Celts, blue eyes, tall, fair hair. Steppe blood. R1b, same as modern Irish, Scottish and Welsh. 4000 ago years Irish genome established. They get the DNA from an ear bone, now, works better than teeth.
Brendan Hall R1B is a Haplogroup. It is a genetic signature, it does not indicate physical characteristics. You can have R1B and look completely different from another person who has that same Haplogroup. It indicates descent, it does not indicate aspect. ‘Celts’ were very broadly distributed over Europe. There may well have been a tribe or two or many who were generally blonde, blue-eyed and tall, but all Celts definitely were (and are) not. When it comes to Ireland; people do not appreciate just how much of an effect the Norse Viking invasions may have had on their gene pool. If much of Britain exhibits people baring the native British Blood and features of the Celtic people who were there before the Anglo-Saxons and later Danes, why is it many Scottish and Irish tan so badly and have lighter features than people supposedly being from the same grouping having lived near each other for a thousand years? Probably because those are Scandinavian features. The Vikings took Ireland, and founded Dublin.
@@thegreenmage6956 I gave the time so people could go hear for themselves what he said. I summed up what they would hear, I wasn't writing an essay. You are correct, of course on the looks - not all boys look like their fathers and not all brothers look alike.
@@maeveofthelongbows9552 I'm repeating what HE said. Apparently, most Irish (bar modern immigrants) today have the same genes and the same look as the Steppe people.
The building of ditches and hillforts around the bronze age period especially commanding sea ports for trade and further inland for agriculture and defense are very clearly defined in their location lines!!
We began migrations to that area from Mediteranean approx. 3500 BCE with the Amorii/Amorite seafaring miner groups [tin, copper, and silver]. We know they had mining head quarters on St.Micheal Isle and at stonehenge therefore no stretch that pilgrims/settlers/traders would also come and begin settling Ireland
On a linguistic point, irish vowel sounds are very complex and difficult for non-Irish people to pick up. However, Bayerisch/Tirolisch, a dialect of German widely spoken in Bavaria and Western Austria, including South Tirol show some interesting similarities to Irish. The vowel sounds in particular. Also the Bayerisch word for boy is Bua, whereas the Irish word for boy is Buachaill. The root is identical. There must be strong links between Ireland and the Hallstadt/ La Tene cultures.
Sorry, the original meaning of _buachaill_ is 'herdsman' a job often given to boys, hence the change of meaning to 'youth, young man' etc. The Welsh cognate is _bugail_ , and both are compounds of the Celtic word for 'cow', cognate with Latin _bos_ , _bovis_ .
Is there any research how the climate change, end of the Ice age, new coastline and melting glaciers had influented migration of the human tribes ? My Mother's land is located on the edge of grove originated as the result of moving glacier. At least, this is how unusual land relief is described in the local history museum (Kolka, Kurzeme, Latvia).
So explain this phenomenon to me. If both R1b and R1a were introduced to Europe with same migration of people, at the same time, then why does R1b frequency increase as you go west in Europe, and R1a as you go east ?? You would presume that these "Yamnaya" would be an even mix of R1a and R1b, and as such so would all modern Europeans. Yet clearly that's not the case.
I know this talk is old but I wonder how the Anatolian Galatians fit into this. Was this part of a later Celtic expansion. I know for example that Celts were settled in what is now Austria. The Anatolian celts are kind of the lost Celtic children. I understand that as a group they seem to be gone but in Roman times it was well known that Galatians spoke a language very similar to Gaul.
A very interesting and thought provoking lecture which was marred slightly by Koch's inarticulate butchering of the Celtic pronunciation of words and names along with his ahhh before nearly every phrase. The DNA and algorithmic, linguistic analyses brought to bear in his lecture have caused me to rethink my understanding of the development of Celtic culture both in timeline and who the earliest participants were.
When I 'know' something it flows from my tongue like silky music and people tend to cock their ears and pay attention! When I'm not so sure or know it to be false it pukes from head like the above speaker! If someone else did the work then... fine; if he did the work then hmmmm 🤔 I wonder if Christian monks today can logically work out the original stories by reversing the changes made to them back in the day. 13km of Vatican vaults might have a few clues too!
A Sheumais, smaoinich mi fhìn gun d'rinn an duine glè mhath! Cuimhnich gun robh e a' feuchainn na fuaimean a dhèanamh anns an seann nòs. Mar eiseimplier "dh" coltach ri "th" anns a Bheurla "that".
He also conflates the language of Ogham inscriptions to written old Irish to show how quickly language can change in a short period of time. We do not know whether or not the language of Ogham inscriptions was anything close to the actual spoken language. Certainly, written old Irish is recognizable as Irish, in spite of the funny orthography, to modern readers much as Gaoluinn and Gàidhlig are recognizable as being closely related after a thousand years or more.
AS ABOVE/ SO BELOW-Great presentation. The Brugh na Boyne (Newgrange) not only aligned on winter solstice but it lined up with the milky way and the star Deneb. Like the star of Bethlehem on Christmas in Isreal. Deneb represents part of a swan constellation as it is the cross in Christian. Deneb, Denyens, Danube, Tuathe De Dannan. The people of the goddess Danu. AS ABOVE/ SO BELOW refers to the ancient monuments around the Boyne valley are set up to match the stars above. The Boyne river represents the milky way. Newgrange is made from quartz crystal from the river itself. Amazing right? The ancient monuments and the old religion of the mother goddess and snakes represents the fertility of rivers. The goddess Duna held two snakes that represent Duna and Duoro river. Alot of the monuments look like vulvas or shafts and when the sun shines in it is fertilized and resurrected. St. Patrick is known for getting rid of all the snakes in Ireland. The problem is their was no snakes. It represented the religion. St. Patrick got rid of the ancient religion of the native people. Just like in ancient times when places like Galilee were replaced by monotheism. Galatians in Turkey are in a Muslim country but they still have red hair and bagpipes. In Irish folklore the bell beaker were Fomorians, then the magic Mound builders from the Danube / Black sea were the Tuathe De Dannan, and just before them were the Fir Bolg from Greece, when the celts came they were called Malesians and they took over the mounds and religions of the Tuathe. Just like when the Frankish Kingdom took over Rome but kept it Catholic and Italian. His presentation just proved the myths almost exactly accurate.
" Like the star of Bethlehem on Christmas in Isreal (sic)". Nope. If the 'star of Bethlehem' actually happened, it is likely to have been a comet or a supernova.
Newgrange is a pre-Celtic site, it is stone-age, not Bronze or Iron Age. This doesn’t mean the Celts didn’t attribute planetary alignment to it, but they almost definitely did not build it. The bagpipes are a Persian instrument and are not Celtic. They do not belong in Scotland or anywhere else in Celtic lands. In fact it makes perfect sense for them to be present in Asia Minor, where once lived the temporary Celtic Galatians (who invaded only because they tried to head into Greece), which was once ruled by Persia. As Above So Below is an Egyptian maxim from one of the 7 Hermetic Principles, it does not really belong in a discussion about Celts. The ‘Saint Patrick drove out Pagan snakes’ theory is a common one espoused in New Age circles but it has no basis before that recent period. Theories must be tested again and again and we cannot allow ourselves to fall into easy generalisation, least our conclusions be cheap, and then the impression outsiders will have of us, also, will be poor.
I'm gonna comment before watching. The Tuathe De Dannan is the most ancient Irish stories. Tragedy of the sons of Tuirean, Land of Tyr na Nog, Children of Lyr. Now place names. Duna/Danube/Danuna river, Dneiper river, Duoro river, the Dardanelle straights, Denmark, Gdansk/Danzig. The other bronze age cultures from Illiad in Greece and sea people's of Egypt called them Denyens/Daniens/Dannans. Those people who went back east became Galatian. Placenames- Gallilee, Isreal; Galatia, Turkey/Anatolia; Galiti, Romania; Gallo, Italy/Rome; Gaul, France; Galicia, Spain; Gal/Gaelic words all over Scotland, Britain and Wales; Galway, Ireland. The sons of Tuirean are mythology based on the sea people's. Timeline matches the Illiad of Troy and Ramses the second of Egypt. Placenames- Tyre Lebanon, Thrace, Bulgaria/Romania; Troy, Ancient Anatolia; Etruscans/ Eutraria/Tuscany, Italy; Tyreheann sea, Coast of Italy; Tartessos, Spain; the ancient city of Tarshish; The Hill of Tara in Ireland. They've also found Celtic /Slavic Caucasian mummies in ancient Chinese dessert 4000 to 1200 years old timespan.
You're so wrong....Danaus= Δαναός was the king of Libya. His story goes back to Argos, Greece one of the foremost Mycenaean cities of the Peloponnesus..Danaus, was the son of King Belus of Egypt and the naiad Achiroe....descent from Io, a priestess of Hera at Argos, who was wooed by Zeus and turned into a heifer and pursued by Hera until she found asylum in Egypt. ...Nothing to do with Dan, a son of Jacob and Bilhah, Rachel's maidservant (Genesis 30:4). Dan is one of the two children of Bilhah, the handmaid of Jacob's wife Rachel...not related to Greek ΔΑΝΑΟΣ!
Celtic languages are Indo European. English is an Indo European language of the West Germanic branch. English milk, Tocharian malke, Latin mulgeo, Old Irish melg, Greek amelgo, Russian moloko and so forth. Linguistic, textual, genetic and archaeological evidence for the Out of India Theory of Indo European Languages Baghpat Chariots, Weapons and the Horse in the Harappan Civilization - Dr. BK Manjul th-cam.com/video/fZvKpjjTpgg/w-d-xo.html Findings from the latest genetic study conducted by ASI in collaboration with the Reich Lab at Harvard using ancient DNA from Rakhigarhi slides at 29:00 mark th-cam.com/video/Dio3Ep0nlv4/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/n4WFk0iEK5k/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/f0Lg1b_8N54/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/-wIu3dUsmtY/w-d-xo.html Here are the tribes that spread the Indo European languages from South Asia to West Asia, Central Asia and to Europe Avestan) Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Sairima (Śimyu), Dahi (Dāsa). NE Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Nuristani/Piśācin (Viṣāṇin). Pakhtoonistan (NW Pakistan), South Afghanistan: Iranian: Pakhtoon/Pashtu (Paktha). Baluchistan (SW Pakistan), SE Iran: Iranian: Bolan/Baluchi (Bhalāna). NE Iran: Iranian: Parthian/Parthava (Pṛthu/Pārthava). SW Iran: Iranian: Parsua/Persian (Parśu/Parśava). NW Iran: Iranian: Madai/Mede (Madra). Uzbekistan: Iranian: Khiva/Khwarezmian (Śiva). W. Turkmenistan: Iranian: Dahae (Dāsa). Ukraine, S, Russia: Iranian: Alan (Alina), Sarmatian (Śimyu). Turkey: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Phryge/Phrygian (Bhṛgu). Romania, Bulgaria: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Dacian (Dāsa). Greece: Greek: Hellene (Alina). Albania: Albanian: Sirmio (Śimyu). Shrikant Gangadhar Talageri talageri.blogspot.com/2020/03/the-rigveda-and-aryan-theory-rational_27.html Five waves of Indo-European expansion: a preliminary model (2018) Igor A Tonoyan-Belyayev I. Tonoyan-Belyayev www.academia.edu/36998766/Five_waves_of_Indo-European_expansion_a_preliminary_model_2018_
The suggestion that Hallstatt needn't be taken anymore as corresponding to the origin of the Celts 8or their languages) is interesting. However I would ask if Hallstatt is to be conceived now as probably a non-Celtic culture. On the other hand, I don't get what is supposed to be the relevant relationship between the time-transformation stories, and the deactivation of the Neolithic tombs by the Beaker Culture bearers. By the way, Koch didn't say if Newgrange received this treatment too.
poliandro, your points are interesting. I'm going to do research on the traditional story of the origins of the Celts, starting with Classical sources. Since I have yet to do that, I want to ask if you think both stories might be true? Could the Hallstatt wave have rolled into an Ireland already populated with Celts? Also I went poking around (for a few mintues) on your Newgrange question, I did not find any answers. Thanks for your post.
The Turoe Stone in Ireland is "La Tène" artwork carved in stone, not dissimilar to, and poosibly descended from, the artwork at Newgrange and the Pictish artwork, and the suggestion could be made that these represent a continuous culture that spread over to the continent from The Islands.
I believe his point is that there is a memory of the activities demonstrated by archaeloogy in the folk tales. This may demonstrate a cultural or linguistic conntinuity.
@@Fortyball The suggestion that La Tène and Hallstatt could have ultimately descended from native Western art which influenced the Celts who then spread it back East is very interesting. However, the Turoe Stone is only 1st Century, which post-dates La Tène, so if there is a key to proving this, that isn’t it - unless we can disprove La Tène moving West at all, which is unlikely given the back-and-forth.
In the argument over a farmer versus Steppe invader, people need to factor in a second farmer migration into Europe. The first came from Northwestern Anatolia - and these are not the Indo-Europeans. They have the G2a Y-. But the second came from south-central Anatolia, and we have the J2a Y-'s. We spread into Romania and up to the Ukraine. I have no doubt we are the Indo-Europeans.
can barely hear him anyway. ALL the "academic earth mother" postings are like this. Let's NOT listen to our own post and HEAR and SEE how it rocks. We're being paid so off to the pub.
Great. Very interesting, but as previously commented on, hasn't anyone ever thought to tell the poor guy about his tendency to punctuate almost every third word with, 'er' 'um ' & 'uh'. Made it 'er' quite difficult to 'um' 'er' focus completely on 'uh' the 'um' topic 'er' being explored.
I have no problem with the idea that the celtic language we know developed on the british islands and around. I have also no problem with the idea, that the culture space of related languages/crafts/religion was wider than the british islands and the centre of high culture was still LaTene at about 500BC. Languages tend to differentiate and even get pushed away or populations just assimilate to another language. F.e. the goths moved into Spain and their religion and language disappeared within 150 years. That also works the other way round. Especially when the new culture has own things the old language has no own words for.
R1a did not split from R1b. If anything they are sibling groups. R1a is the highlander, R1b low-lander. Best to consider R1a is the religious arm with R1b being the military arm. R1a brought us horses, R1b brought us cattle 11,100 BCE. R1a produced what all call 'Corded Ware' culture. R1b = Yamnaya
yes it is known that the neolithic farmers went everywhere in Europe including scandinavia. But they largely died out or were brutally replaced by the steppe peoples. Neolithic farmer appearance was white skin + dark hair and eyes.
@@thegreenmage6956 Blue eyes were a West European Hunter Gatherer(WHG) trait. As for Blonde hair,the steppe herders did carry the gene but it found expression only in the Corded Ware Forest Region and then expanded to the Steppe.
One of the established things that historical linguists seem to think is the Proto-Celtic and Proto-Italic branched off of each other later than the other branches of Indo-European branched off each other. If his theory is true and Proto-Celtic originated in Ireland, does that mean that the established historical linguists have been wrong about the later relationship with Italic? Or does the history and origin of Italic need to be re-examined?
at this site abagond.wordpress.com/2015/03/21/the-proto-indo-europeans/amp/ you find a cladogram of Indo-European languages which shows that the Celtic language branch did split of earlier then the combined Italic/Germanic branch. it is a bit the genetics of language as more recent branced off language are more related then earlier branched of languages. "Celtic" is about 500 years older then "Germo-Italic".
I think the speaker mainly touched on one aspect of Indo-European mythology, and that is sun worship. The whole lecture is mainly about this one thing. He hasn't addressed other myths that have existed in Indo-European mythology. Before the finale, he had talked about somehow along the way of pre-Christian Celtic development, there were three men who had travelled from what is today Russia, or maybe even Ukraine, to go living in what is today Northern Ireland in the British Commonwealth. Many people have harped on the history that peoples living in the Steppes region or near there for being for generations producing the magis, who were the priests ministering to a religion there, centring on a sacred fire and the sun. But at the same time, he tried to tell that the early indigenous living in what is today Northern Ireland through his introduction of a native woman whose DNA shared some commonality with some living in what is today Spain. Given that nation states had yet to come about in those early times, wasn't he trying to suggest that early natives of the two locations shared some cultural commonality? Isn't what his lecture was all about? But he seems to have raised a question about mythology for us to ask if he was trying to say that sun worship in early Northern Ireland was due to the arrival of those three men, or whether even before they arrived, there had already been sun worship existing in there? In the middle section, he mentioned about burials, but I didn't exactly catch on. If I don't misunderstand, he was saying that some changes in thoughts within the Beaker people had occurred, and thus they reconfigured the tombs after the second wave of migration by taking out the corpses and bones and constructed newly designed tombs for them? I wonder if he was trying to suggest that in a world before the state and the church became the norm, things had been very much subject to dynamic changes subject to external influences all the time?
My read is that Prof. Koch suggests the following may be true: 1-The tellers of the stories are the descendants of the Beaker people who 'moved in' on the Brú na Bóinne complex. 2-The stories reflect how they made the site their own, in all respects, including peopling it with gods with supernatural powers. 3-The myths could be stories they brought with them, adjusted to fit the location, or they could have been co-opted from the people they displaced, or a combination of the two processes.
I believe his point is that there is a memory of the activities demonstrated by archaeloogy in the folk tales. This may demonstrate a cultural or linguistic conntinuity.
As well as they take monuments and mythology they also take language and adapt it on they own way, so bit change it. Language in historical terms may evolve very fast on certain circumstances. Which could suggest that all this so called Indo-European languages are just evolution of earlier brunch of similar kind of language spreading but through middle East and few thousand years before. Even in dna and distribution of r1b haplogroup we could see how evolves this new type of humans in west Europe and then spread to the east. But they also came from east with their culture and then intermix with stepe people and not just once. You can imagine this movement like concentric circles that follow climate and life circumstances, as population get bigger they get more and more intermixed. But in periods when population decline people develop unique culture as population grow culture is get spreading more broadly through different population which makes it to evolve in new one after a while. So determining roots of people just from language works only for so called isolates languages, also just to some point in the past. Because so called Indo-European languages are just last wave of intermixing, and because its last it's most recognizable in etymology. Because as I said it's like concentric circles that spread like helix. In the past there were more chances for language to uniquely evolve, because of smaller population, so it was bigger circle. Where in beginning of civilisation process is opposite. So like spreading of waves of energy.
@@alexdunphy3716 ha ha ha , don't be because , from Anatolia e to Anatolia people used to move around , the Greek Dorian used to come from durio in Iberia with they sheep herds back to Greek , since immemorial times search , lagos- CARLOS ALBERTO IN--- O REINO KONI , ..... USE GOOGLE AS TRANSLATOR , is a very interesting subject for someone interested to learn about the origins of indo european languages
Celtic languages are Indo European. English is an Indo European language of the West Germanic branch. English milk, Tocharian malke, Latin mulgeo, Old Irish melg, Greek amelgo, Russian moloko and so forth. Linguistic, textual, genetic and archaeological evidence for the Out of India Theory of Indo European Languages Baghpat Chariots, Weapons and the Horse in the Harappan Civilization - Dr. BK Manjul th-cam.com/video/fZvKpjjTpgg/w-d-xo.html Findings from the latest genetic study conducted by ASI in collaboration with the Reich Lab at Harvard using ancient DNA from Rakhigarhi slides at 29:00 mark th-cam.com/video/Dio3Ep0nlv4/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/n4WFk0iEK5k/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/f0Lg1b_8N54/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/-wIu3dUsmtY/w-d-xo.html Here are the tribes that spread the Indo European languages from South Asia to West Asia, Central Asia and to Europe Avestan) Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Sairima (Śimyu), Dahi (Dāsa). NE Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Nuristani/Piśācin (Viṣāṇin). Pakhtoonistan (NW Pakistan), South Afghanistan: Iranian: Pakhtoon/Pashtu (Paktha). Baluchistan (SW Pakistan), SE Iran: Iranian: Bolan/Baluchi (Bhalāna). NE Iran: Iranian: Parthian/Parthava (Pṛthu/Pārthava). SW Iran: Iranian: Parsua/Persian (Parśu/Parśava). NW Iran: Iranian: Madai/Mede (Madra). Uzbekistan: Iranian: Khiva/Khwarezmian (Śiva). W. Turkmenistan: Iranian: Dahae (Dāsa). Ukraine, S, Russia: Iranian: Alan (Alina), Sarmatian (Śimyu). Turkey: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Phryge/Phrygian (Bhṛgu). Romania, Bulgaria: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Dacian (Dāsa). Greece: Greek: Hellene (Alina). Albania: Albanian: Sirmio (Śimyu). Shrikant Gangadhar Talageri talageri.blogspot.com/2020/03/the-rigveda-and-aryan-theory-rational_27.html Five waves of Indo-European expansion: a preliminary model (2018) Igor A Tonoyan-Belyayev I. Tonoyan-Belyayev www.academia.edu/36998766/Five_waves_of_Indo-European_expansion_a_preliminary_model_2018_
The most parsimonious answer to the origins of proto Celtic points towards central europe possibly Italy eatern france/as proto -celtic and proto -italic clearly share a common root. An atlantic early bronze age split for proto-celtic from proto indo-european looks to be far to early.
@@ogunsiron2 actually the people who reconstructed his face had a few options to go with and they deliberately chose the most Black-looking option, which was then highly publicised for muh di-vur-city.
What language did the First R1b members who emerged near Başkurtistan 18 thousand years ago speak them? Indo European? How is it possible that the Başkurt People Who have been living in the area where R1b has emerged for the Last 18 thousand years have always spoken and still speak a Turkic language but not Indo European. Could it be possible that the ancestors of Celts at that time about 18 thousand years ago spoke a Turkic language?
Yes. www.familytreedna.com/public/y-dna-haplotree/R;name=R-M173 . R-M173 is the same as R1. Lookup the "Country Report" from the "..." popup at the end of the flag list. There are 84 R1 testers compared to the 79,000 down-stream R1a and R1b. This is only one testing company, though a very big one.
So sometimes it is just a spread of a new culture or religion without people migrating. Then you have new things the old culture had no words for but people who came with the new things have and those words get assimilated. When it is a dominant thing in the new culture it might change the language significantly over some generations. Doesnt need an invasion and war. Could also mean some people move to other places and mingle with new neighbors. It was still mostly empty land after all and not always full of people on the path of war.
@@tfowen8484 my comment - This was spoken from raiders perspective of what was happening back then in ancient times. Was thinking the 1500 BCE and the 'so called' Sea Peoples invaded. Philistines, Saka from the east.
I just read the relevant papers, and the use of the term "replacement" is a bit strong... There was a migratory influx and admixture. Some displacement of previous hunter-gatherer populations was evident, but there was generally integration of the waves of migrants into local populations.
@@shadetreader still science.. flustering over an intellectuals speaking habits seems odd.. go fluttering over a celebrity , they are here to entertain you.. intelligence is here to heighten you...
It appears that steppe pastor lists due to their dairy and meat consumption, the horse and wheel, overwhelmed their small neighbors physically. Talk about a run on misspelled sentence u know what i.mean
No, but it was still European. Neolithic farmers were anatomically modern Europeans as were the Western hunter-gatherers and Indo-Europeans. Really I would argue that it organically became Celtic although the triskele has been used by the Illyrians and I believe the Norse as well.
It is a shame that he reached his academic position without learning how to give a clear and concise lecture. Of course that doesn't impinge on the value of his scholarship as such. Perhaps he should have had someone else deliver the material?
marconatrix was perfectly clear and, considering the enormous scope of the topic, very concise. Maybe you should develop your poor comprehension skills?
R1b haplogroup in Ireland. Well, yes we know that. But what was there before they came? Just a vague mention of we have their dna. But what was it? Who were the people of Ireland before the R1b people came? Don't you know or don't you want to say? There was at least eight thousand years to cover before the R1b lot arrived.
Mesolithic Hunter gatherers were the people before r1b. They were the indigenous Europeans and arrived around 20-40,000 years ago. 6-7000 years ago Neolithic farmers arrived in Europe from the Middle East and joined the Mesolithic people. In some countries such as Ireland almost entirely replacing them, in other countries such as Sweden integrating with them on a 50/50 ratio. Also R1b is one of the haplogroups of the Neolithic farmers, so arrived 6/7000 years ago.
joe gill ...yes u are right...if u look up pre historic Ireland. ..circa...7000-80000 bc..u will see in co.limerick. ..in a place called LOUGH GUR. ..I SPEAKS FOR ITSELF. ..AS IN PROOF
"In some countries such as Ireland almost entirely replacing them" is bit of a misnomer. Those populations just didn't magically disappear upon the arrival of another peoples, that's just not possible. Adopting a new culture or language does not cause a particular people to disappear. Its been postulated that despite the notion of "invasion" as a characterization of the Neolithic farmers into the Isles, there is evidence of trade with these peoples from the islands to the continent during the Mesolithic, so these arrivals were of a people that the Islanders were aware and knew. So it was not so much an "invasion" by an alien culture as it is a group of new and known neighbors moving into the neighborhood.
So many stupid people in this comment section. What kind of a person obsesses so much over how a person speaks to have any kind of issue with this guy at all...? Not someone I would want to talk to.
The Germanii were a tribe of the Medes and inhabited the area today Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan. They remained in this area till about approx. 550 BCE. Also, for seeking the origin of Gaelic and how it got there I suggest one looks at the Scythians [West Black Sea], Troy [NW Asia Minor - tribe name Lud] cross this in with Spartan and Iberian Celtic head north and we arrive in Ireland.
The Medes are the modern day kurďs. The origin of Gaelic is from the cimmerians the cymry language had it's roots in Iran and spread to Thrace , troy , and epirus. And over Europe.
No, just no.... Please don't mix pseudo-science with real science.... It is so easy to play around with words and come up with false etymologies..... This is why we serious, real scholars back up everything we ever write or claim with citations and references and show our work and where we got our ideas from and what the evidence is.....
The 'Proto-Nords' would be the Proto-Germanics, who didn't even exist back then. There are three ancestral primary populations of Europe: Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, Neolithic farmers migrating from the near-east (where farming was invented), and a late but large contribution of Proto-Indo-Europeans (the people who invented the chariot and horseback riding). The Proto-Nords (i.e. Proto-Germanics) are the descendants of the Yamnaya-Corded Ware peoples who colonized and inhabited the area around the baltic sea around 2500 BC.
The paternal I groups are hunter gatherers no? In the north agriculture is less of an advantage so a larger portion of hunter gatherer DNA, and possibly culture, survived. In the north agriculture might only give 5 times the population density as compared to 50 times the population density. And larger parts are unfarmable.
northern hunter gatherers did not survive as separate peoples but their genetic legacy is very significant among the northern euros, especially all around the baltic.
IRE as Ireland, ire as IRE AN , EUR as EUROPE are all IRANIANS who knew farming and other things in 3ed century as Indo European migrate into Europe. At the time IRANIAN language called PALAVI. there are so many common pahlavi words in England and specially GERMANY.
There has been a welcome change in the past twenty years or so, and a lot of progress has been made in challenging Eurocentric paradigms in various fields in the social sciences. Much of the progress has been made in bits and pieces, and there are no cogent multi-cultural frameworks and perspectives yet in most fields. This progress has largely been achieved due to the fact that people from different countries from around the world have taken up positions in eminent and prestigious American and European universities, and have raised objections and concerns on important issues. Thus, we can see a multicultural perspective emerging on different issues (big change even from the year 2000, when many obsolete paradigms of consequence to different cultures remained unchallenged) However, solving a complex puzzle such as that of Indo-European origins is a different ballgame altogether, and requires not only an inter-disciplinary approach, but also a multi-cultural one. What experiential knowledge would an Indian national have of Iceland, Albania, or Kazakhastan? This is easier said than done and requires persistence and dedication. Such endeavours may take decades and will call for proficiency in many different languages, knowledge of different cultures and a thorough grasp on different regional histories as well. I still see this as a distant pipedream, as few researchers have even thought on these lines, as yet. However, raising awareness may expedite things a bit. It is now time to kick start that process!
Don’t see any inherent benefit to birthplace and culture helping decipher this. Besides being perhaps completely new to the niche subject of another country’s history and having no preconceived ideas.. As for indoeuropean studies, people from India for example are just as likely to put an Indo-Centric lense on things.. Perhaps the field needs to simply encourage us to follow the evidence and have an open mind
An utter rubbish. First - no Corded Ware culture domination in Baltic or Estonian region, let alone Finland. Second - Finno-Ugric nations have been in Estonia and North Latvia since the beginning of time. Comb Ware culture has been dominated in the area and Baltic tribe are not Slavs, they just exchanged the words. Also Uralic language nations, including proto-Finno-Ugric and the later Baltic Sea Finns (Finns & Estonians) were living together with the Baltic tribes taking over a lot of their vocabulary. To show spread of Corded Ware culture in the Baltic and Finland is blasphemy by Western scholars. Let we do the proper science and learn what we have found out. Take note from Artur Lang resent study on archeogenesis of Uralig and Finno-Ugric nations.
Yep, that's Homo sapien apes for ya.... All they care about is the superficial shit.... the surface shut, i.e., the façade.... You outed yourself perfectly, bud.... You just admitted that you don't give a shit about the research, the data, the facts, etc.... All that matters is the appearance of things, the presentation, and the way it's done...
Celtic languages are Indo European. English is an Indo European language of the West Germanic branch. English milk, Tocharian malke, Latin mulgeo, Old Irish melg, Greek amelgo, Russian moloko and so forth. Linguistic, textual, genetic and archaeological evidence for the Out of India Theory of Indo European Languages Baghpat Chariots, Weapons and the Horse in the Harappan Civilization - Dr. BK Manjul th-cam.com/video/fZvKpjjTpgg/w-d-xo.html Findings from the latest genetic study conducted by ASI in collaboration with the Reich Lab at Harvard using ancient DNA from Rakhigarhi slides at 29:00 mark th-cam.com/video/Dio3Ep0nlv4/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/n4WFk0iEK5k/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/f0Lg1b_8N54/w-d-xo.html th-cam.com/video/-wIu3dUsmtY/w-d-xo.html Here are the tribes that spread the Indo European languages from South Asia to West Asia, Central Asia and to Europe Avestan) Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Sairima (Śimyu), Dahi (Dāsa). NE Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Nuristani/Piśācin (Viṣāṇin). Pakhtoonistan (NW Pakistan), South Afghanistan: Iranian: Pakhtoon/Pashtu (Paktha). Baluchistan (SW Pakistan), SE Iran: Iranian: Bolan/Baluchi (Bhalāna). NE Iran: Iranian: Parthian/Parthava (Pṛthu/Pārthava). SW Iran: Iranian: Parsua/Persian (Parśu/Parśava). NW Iran: Iranian: Madai/Mede (Madra). Uzbekistan: Iranian: Khiva/Khwarezmian (Śiva). W. Turkmenistan: Iranian: Dahae (Dāsa). Ukraine, S, Russia: Iranian: Alan (Alina), Sarmatian (Śimyu). Turkey: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Phryge/Phrygian (Bhṛgu). Romania, Bulgaria: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Dacian (Dāsa). Greece: Greek: Hellene (Alina). Albania: Albanian: Sirmio (Śimyu). Shrikant Gangadhar Talageri talageri.blogspot.com/2020/03/the-rigveda-and-aryan-theory-rational_27.html Five waves of Indo-European expansion: a preliminary model (2018) Igor A Tonoyan-Belyayev I. Tonoyan-Belyayev www.academia.edu/36998766/Five_waves_of_Indo-European_expansion_a_preliminary_model_2018_
All the ancestory of people in this map is involved in the jats of India including Germany and their ethnicity is traceable from the old countries of the world
Academic Lecturers really NEED Acting/Voice coaches. The stammering and stuttering is very distracting and gives the overall appearance of incompetence.
The part about the mythology was the most poorly explained section. It was hard for me to understand how it was connected to the rest of his presentation. The title of the video made it seem like the mythology would be a central component, but it came across as a side discussion that wasn't really fleshed out.
The Neolithic woman probably was snatched by Nomadic men from her home village in Sardinia or somewhere in coastal area on their way to Ireland or Scotland. It was a common practice for Nomadic men to forcefully take the women from other folks. The practice of forcefully taking a woman to later marry her or cohabitate with her was wide spread practice in Central Asia among Turkic tribes. The Suleiman Magnificient, for example. His the most loved wife was taken from Ukrainian steppes.
Strange how we didn't find their time machine buried with them. They must have lost it shortly after traveling the whole millennium or more back to their own time.
It's not unreasonable to refer to a more well-known example of the behavior you want to establish for an earlier time period. Suleiman, of course, did not live in the Neolithic age. Since he lived 1494-1566 AD and the Neolithic age ended 4500 BC-2000 BC depending on the region, the age difference was much more than 1000 years, possibly as much as 5000 years. He also was not a migratory pastoralist. Nevertheless, he can be used to establish that taking women forcefully into marriage was a thing that was done in the past.
My jaw just dropped when I saw the map in this video (on 25:16 minute)! I am from Kazakhstan which is Kazakh language (Turkic family) country. This map shows that my ancestors spoke some Indo-European. It can't be so! If they did, there must some remains of it on the territory of Kazakhstan but there is not. The area where the languages from this Indo-Iranian group are spoken are to the south from Kazakhstan in Tajikistan, some part of Uzbekistan and Kyrgystan. These countries are neibours to Iran and Afganistan. There is so called Botai culture archeological findings site which is in Northern Kazakhstan. The findings indicate that Botai people first domesticated the horse about 5000 years ago. And Botai people not only rode the horses but also consumed horse meat and milk. Horse is the fastest animal among the domesticated animals. That means that Botai folks could move quickly to where they want because their food source moved quickly too. In Altai region there were no findings of horse bones indicating that there could not be mass movement of people from that region. The same story with Yamnay site - no horse bones found.
It's an absurd conclusion to draw that because Kazakhstan speaks a Turkic language nowadays that it had to be the case millenia ago as well; equally absurd to assume that an IE language could not have been spoken in Kazakhstan without leaving a trace (I assume you mean linguistic trace). Populations and languages can change in the open steppes of Asia. Etruscan used to be spoken in Italy, but from the perspective of Italian and the modern Italian dialects, there is very little evidence of that nowadays.
+Smedley Jefferson I found a bunch of Kazakh words in Basque language recently. Even found that the Basque male name Aitor might be from Kazakh male name Aitore. I also found similarities in some geographical names. The historians state that the Basques are the people who showed up in Europe long before of the speakers of Indo-European languages. That statement makes the Kazakh language (Turkic languages) much older than Indo-European languages taking into account that there are some Kazakh (Turkic) words in the Basque language. And that means that speakers of IE languages first spoke Kazakh (Turkic) language when they were in Pontic Caspian Steppes. There are more than 130 Turkic words in English language alone. Words like teeth=tis, tree=terek, sun=kun, truth=durus etc. Even wheel is from Kazakh word dongelek. The word dongelek describes what the wheel actually does: it rolls and arrives. That means that the Kazakhs invented the wheel too. BTW, I had a quick look at Etruscan language and for me it looks like one of Turkic languages. I even see some similar words.
+Martin Andersson D.Anthony should first study how the animals behave depending on changes in weather. It is a well known fact that the animals tend to migrate from place to place depending on season. It happens even in Africa. The antelopes that still live in the Steppe migrate there depending on season. So did the wild horses. And the humans were following them. As temperatures were dropping starting in autumn the wild horses and antelopes would slowly most probably move towards the Karashash location and even deeper to SouthEast. So, the Karashash setllement and other setllements to the SouthEast most probably were winter settlements for Botai people. And they could even move further to the SouthEast depending on weather. In spring the wild horses and antelopes would move slowly to the North to Botai site which most probably was a summer stay location. Saying that the horses would break the snow in order to get the grass from beneath of snow is ridicilous when talking about ancient domesticated and wild horses. Nowadays, domesticated horses have to stay where the humans live. And it could be North Kazakhstan, it could be South Kazakhstan. Modern nomads who handle the horses are forced to live in one location because they've got permanent houses in villages. And modern horses adapted to getting of grass from underneath of snow. And because of the seasonal migration of horses the Kazakhs had to invent a chariot and wheel because they had to move house twice per year.
So I have listened to you. And I have listened to 3 lectures from D. Anthony. So far he is more convincing. By a rather large margin, to express myself politely.
The Aryan invasion theory according to the British was that ancient Aryans invaded India at about 1500BC, driven out the Dravidians from their land, have imported the Hindu civilization along with the Sanskrit language from the steppes of central Asia (Kuhn, 1845, Max Muller, 1878, Childe, 1926, Elst, 1999; Trautmann, 2005). The theory was the justification for the British occupation of India. Although there was no archeological evidence to support this theory, it has become the most important doctrine on ancient Indian history. However, some recent archeological discoveries in India, Russia, and Japan have pushed back the antiquity of the Aryans to at least 9000 BC and proved beyond doubt that the ancient Aryans were not nomadic tribes from central Asia but had very advanced urban civilizations. India was possibly the original home of the Aryans. From India, the Aryan language and other languages of Aryan affinity came into existence due to the contact between the migrating Aryans and non-Aryans out of India (Mazumdar, 1917). The Vedic literature was the expression of the highly developed thoughts of the Aryans. If the Aryans had come to India from outside it would be natural to find some traces of their thoughts and literary activities in some of the places through which they had traveled. However, no such record has been discovered at any place. To suggest that the Aryans had attained the highly developed literary and intellectual acumen after coming into India does not justify the absence of any record whatsoever in any of the places through which they had traveled into India. Genetic Evidence for Westward Indo-Aryan expansion Recent DNA evidence shows that Europe experienced a massive population influx from the east, beginning around 4,500 years from the present. Several haplogroups were involved in this expansion, including the Indian-origin R1a1a. This was almost a total replacement event, which indicates that Indo-Aryans, among others, expanded westward into Europe and to a large extent, replaced indigenous European males and their Y-chromosome strata (Sharma and his associates, 2009) This genetic evidence indicates that several Y-chromosomal (patrilineal) lineages, one of which was the Indian-origin R1a1a, gave rise to the modern European population. Out of these lineages, R1a1a is the most widespread and numerous. 1. The R1a haplogroup originated in India. 2. The Indo-Aryan people have lived in India for at least 15,450 years, which invalidates the theory that the Indo-Aryans invaded India 3,500 years ago. 3. The hundreds of millions of members (possibly over a billion) of the R1a family living across the world today - a very large fraction of humanity - are all descended from one single male ancestor who lived in India at least 15,450 years ago. This discovery demonstrates the close genetic (and hence linguistic and cultural) affinity of Indians with the Russian and Polish people, the Vikings and Normans, and with the ancient Scythians and Tocharians, among many others (Sharma et al, 2009). This is irrefutable scientific proof that not only did the Indo-Aryan people originate in India over 15,450 years ago, but also that they expanded out of India and settled in lands far to the west in Europe. It thoroughly invalidates the AIT (Aryan Invasion Theory) and AMT (Aryan Migration Theory). Literary Evidence for Westward Indo-Aryan expansion Consider the Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra, a Vedic text. Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra 18:44 records: “Amavasu migrated westward. His people are Gandhari, Parsu and Aratta.” This refers to a Vedic king called Amavasu, whose people are the Gandhari (Gandhara - Afghanistan), the Parsu (Persians) and the Aratta, who are tentatively identified as living in the vicinity of Mt. Ararat, which is located in Turkey (eastern Anatolia) and Armenia. Afghanistan (Gandhara) was historically part of the Indian civilization until the Islamic invasions. The name “Persia” comes from the ancient Parshva people (an Aryan clan). The word “Parshva” is derived from the Sanskrit/Avestan (Old Persian) word “Parshu”, which means “battle-ax”. There are clear linguistic and cultural similarities between India and Persia. The traditional Armenian name for Mt. Ararat is Masis. It is named after the legendary Armenian king Amasya. The name “Amasya” is linguistically related to the name “Amavasu” of the Indian king recorded in the Baudhayana’s Shrauta-Sutra. This establishes literary evidence for the westward expansion of Indo-Aryans, via Afghanistan, to Persia, Armenia and Anatolia. The ancient kingdom of Mitranni, of the people who used to worship Mitra, the Vedic God, located in present-day Syria and Anatolia, had an Indo-Aryan, Sanskrit-speaking ruling class. Mitranni kings had Indo-Aryan names. The oldest recorded (Vedic) Sanskrit words are found in a horse training manual by a Mitranni horse master named Kikkuli. Although the text is written in the Hittite language, it appears that Kikkuli was not familiar enough with that language to use technical terms, which made it necessary for him to use the terminology of his own language (Vedic Sanskrit) instead. Inscribed clay tablets discovered in Boğazkale, Anatolia (Turkey), record a royal treaty and invoke the Vedic gods Indra, Mitra, Nasatya & Varuna by the Hittites, another Indo-European tribe, as witnesses. The Boğazkale clay tablets are dated to about 1380 BC. This is around the same time as Kikkuli’s horse training manual. The Mitranni and Hittites belonged to the Indian-origin haplogroup R1a1a. This is clear evidence of a large-scale westward expansion of Sanskrit-speaking Indo-Aryans, and their presence as the ruling aristocracy in lands thousands of kilometers west of India. The children of Goddess Danu. The primordial Rig Vedic river goddess Danu is the mother/progenitor of the Danava clan of Indo-Aryans. The Danavas revolted against the Devas and were eventually defeated and got banished. As it turns out, that was far from the end of their story. The word dānu means “fluid, drop” in Rig Vedic Sanskrit. The Avestan (old Iranian) word for “river” is “dānu”. The Scythian (Saka/Shaka) & Sarmatian words for “river” are also “dānu”. Now consider this: linguistically, the names of the European rivers Danube, Dnieper, Dniestr, Don, Donets, Dunajec, Dvina or Daugava, and Dysna are all derived from the Rig Vedic Sanskrit root word “dānu”. These rivers flow across eastern & central Europe. These rivers, all named after the Rig Vedic goddess Danu, seem to trace the gradual westward migration through Europe of the Danava clan of Rig Vedic Indo-Aryans. According to Irish & Celtic mythology, the Irish & Celtic people are descended from a mother goddess - a river goddess - called Danu. The ancient (mythological) people of Ireland are called the Tuatha Dé Danann (Old Irish: “The peoples of the goddess Danu”). Is there genetic evidence to support this story? As it turns out, there is. The R1a1a haplogroup is rare in Ireland, at 2.5% of the population. This can be explained by the fact that Ireland has suffered many invasions since the Bronze Age, which would have led to the gradual replacement of the R1a1a haplogroup with those of the various invaders. The fact that R1a1a is still present in Ireland proves that people of Indo-Aryan origin settled there in the past (Sharma et al, 2009). Elsdon Best (1972) in his book wrote that the ancestors of a tribe Tuhoe in New Zealand came from India via Peru. DNA tests on some of them proved the origin of their ancestors. They said that they traveled from India after the Mahabharata war to New Zealand. Thus, the story of Manu dividing up the world among his sons maybe not a myth. (TH-cam.com/watch?v=nTb3anTVGJY) In a report published in Nature, a group of scientists and archeologists of the ASI (Archeological Survey of India) and IIT (Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) proved that the cities of Indus valley were at least 9000 years old, not just 3500 years. The cause of the decline was not any Aryan invasion, but a continuous lack of rainfall since that 9000 years when most rivers dried up. That might have caused the outward migration of the Aryans from India (Sarkar, 2016). (This is quoted from our (Victoria Miroshnik and Dipak Basu), forthcoming book, Ethics, Morality and Business, to be published by Palgrave-Macmillan. )
They are the wariteni of the east coast large stature blond hair and blue eye may also be wari of Peru the burial type is like mykpo seated hands by face sometimes death mask oldest mummy's found in Portugal of this type
Uh, no.... All that you just wrote is a load of pseudo-history and pseudo-science..... The Aryan Invasion Theory is taking fact and running with it and jumping to a bunch of conclusions.... The Aryan Invasion Theory is not correct because of all those conclusions that were made and incorrect assumptions...... but it is an absolute fact of science that the Indo-Aryans migrated into the Indian subcontinent c. 1500 BCE and brought with them the Vedic Sanskrit language and Indo-European heritage....
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An excellent discussion about Celtic origins and the traces of Celtic myth that can be studied. It was a long and winding road but it was DEFINITELY worth the trip.
Koch you absolute LEGEND! what a lad
I really enjoyed this-Koch's managed some amazing things in Celtic studies...
Been following John T Kock's research for a while. This is really interesting new updates
Check out Krause. Good stuff too.
David, which Krause are you referring to?
David Wood
Which Krause are you referring to?
read the book of bob quin and you will know from where our people come from
I am from Belgium. Pre Celtic Belgians are one of the oldest people in West-Europe. There was a landbridge between the Flemish coast the north east of France and Britain. Pre Celtic people from the seaside of the area and a little bit later walked into Britain while hunting reindeers who went to Britain. Before those Pre celtic People Neanderthaler people went to Britain.
the Doggerland situation ( land connection between England, Belgium Holland and Denmark ended about 8100 BC when the last remnant of Doggerland got flooded,
at least about four millenia before the period this speech is about.
@@kamion53 Thanks for the info.
Very interesting. It would be welcome, perhaps for the next stage of research and next lecture, to dwell further on the second wave, of PIE people migrating from east to west, and correlate with the archaeogenetics research. If I'm correct, this lecture stands behind the idea that there was a first wave of the very earliest farmers who did not speak PIE, instead other languages, and they originated the tribes that settled in the Basqueland, Etruria, Sardinia, etc, and their descendants are the Basque.
This was followed by a second great wave that lasted until the late Bronze Age (1000/800 BC), and these were IE tribes, whose language evolved into local variants, and these became the many european languages. But questions remain: were these IE also (late-)farmers, or only nomads, or a mix of both?
excellent summary.
We need to take into account the Alinei Theory about the presence of Celtic and Indo Europeans in Western Europe since the Neolithic!!!!
The Atlantic Celtic civilization is much older than the La Tene and Hallstatt civilizations.
I strongly believe that the Gallaecian, Tartessian and Celtiberian civilizations were the first Celtic civilizations.
Galatians should be distinguished from Keltoi in Iberia. Galatians in Turkey is early 3rd century (mid Roman republic period). So, much later than, in terminology Greek & Romans, the Keltoi/Celtae (i.e. Celtiberians) - goes back much earlier. Celtiberians were there from Neolithic (out of Anatolia, 6th millennium BCE). Koch (this speaker) & Cunliffe wrote about this in “Exploring Celtic Originsl” (2019), ch. 2 in particular.
@@JasenAsiaCeltiberians were mixed with Neolithic Farmers, they were not of identical stock. In fact, their migrations are correlated with the extinction of the patrilineal marker of Neolithic Farmers (Haplogroup G) in the Iberian peninsula.
The Irish legend says the Irish descended from the Milesians a celtic tribe who came from northern spain
At 18:45 he gets to some good info - Celts, blue eyes, tall, fair hair. Steppe blood. R1b, same as modern Irish, Scottish and Welsh. 4000 ago years Irish genome established. They get the DNA from an ear bone, now, works better than teeth.
@@niallbrowne9129 western and southern Europeans come from Anatolia. Slavs come from the steppe
Brendan Hall R1B is a Haplogroup. It is a genetic signature, it does not indicate physical characteristics.
You can have R1B and look completely different from another person who has that same Haplogroup. It indicates descent, it does not indicate aspect.
‘Celts’ were very broadly distributed over Europe. There may well have been a tribe or two or many who were generally blonde, blue-eyed and tall, but all Celts definitely were (and are) not.
When it comes to Ireland; people do not appreciate just how much of an effect the Norse Viking invasions may have had on their gene pool. If much of Britain exhibits people baring the native British Blood and features of the Celtic people who were there before the Anglo-Saxons and later Danes, why is it many Scottish and Irish tan so badly and have lighter features than people supposedly being from the same grouping having lived near each other for a thousand years?
Probably because those are Scandinavian features. The Vikings took Ireland, and founded Dublin.
@@thegreenmage6956 I gave the time so people could go hear for themselves what he said. I summed up what they would hear, I wasn't writing an essay. You are correct, of course on the looks - not all boys look like their fathers and not all brothers look alike.
There are various tribes that arrived and inhabited Ireland and they looked different from each other . See the myths for details on this.
@@maeveofthelongbows9552 I'm repeating what HE said. Apparently, most Irish (bar modern immigrants) today have the same genes and the same look as the Steppe people.
At 44:00 he is talking about sunrise at New Grange,
The building of ditches and hillforts around the bronze age period especially commanding sea ports for trade and further inland for agriculture and defense are very clearly defined in their location lines!!
We began migrations to that area from Mediteranean approx. 3500 BCE with the Amorii/Amorite seafaring miner groups [tin, copper, and silver]. We know they had mining head quarters on St.Micheal Isle and at stonehenge therefore no stretch that pilgrims/settlers/traders would also come and begin settling Ireland
WE you say, if you are not Black there is no'we'
Maybe not a great storyteller, but he's brilliant and has a great story to tell.
On a linguistic point, irish vowel sounds are very complex and difficult for non-Irish people to pick up. However, Bayerisch/Tirolisch, a dialect of German widely spoken in Bavaria and Western Austria, including South Tirol show some interesting similarities to Irish. The vowel sounds in particular. Also the Bayerisch word for boy is Bua, whereas the Irish word for boy is Buachaill. The root is identical. There must be strong links between Ireland and the Hallstadt/ La Tene cultures.
Sorry, the original meaning of _buachaill_ is 'herdsman' a job often given to boys, hence the change of meaning to 'youth, young man' etc. The Welsh cognate is _bugail_ , and both are compounds of the Celtic word for 'cow', cognate with Latin _bos_ , _bovis_ .
That's interesting , but you haven't shown me the error in my thinking. There are lots of cows in Bavaria.
@@marconatrix In perhaps my favourite piece of Indo-European trivia, the same root word for a herdsman has survived down to modern Greek, as βουκόλος.
Is there any research how the climate change, end of the Ice age, new coastline and melting glaciers had influented migration of the human tribes ? My Mother's land is located on the edge of grove originated as the result of moving glacier. At least, this is how unusual land relief is described in the local history museum (Kolka, Kurzeme, Latvia).
the conclusion was for sure. fact.
So explain this phenomenon to me. If both R1b and R1a were introduced to Europe with same migration of people, at the same time, then why does R1b frequency increase as you go west in Europe, and R1a as you go east ?? You would presume that these "Yamnaya" would be an even mix of R1a and R1b, and as such so would all modern Europeans. Yet clearly that's not the case.
Greg definitely a mystery
Holy_Hand_Grenade-of-Antioch
Easy.
East Europeans are the yamna people while West Europeans are just "yamnised" people.
Western Europeans originally come from Anatolia eastern Europeans come from the steppe
I know this talk is old but I wonder how the Anatolian Galatians fit into this. Was this part of a later Celtic expansion. I know for example that Celts were settled in what is now Austria. The Anatolian celts are kind of the lost Celtic children. I understand that as a group they seem to be gone but in Roman times it was well known that Galatians spoke a language very similar to Gaul.
Did ancient people know their haplogroups to neatly share west and east part of Europe?))NO.There should be another reason for this distribution
A very interesting and thought provoking lecture which was marred slightly by Koch's inarticulate butchering of the Celtic pronunciation of words and names along with his ahhh before nearly every phrase. The DNA and algorithmic, linguistic analyses brought to bear in his lecture have caused me to rethink my understanding of the development of Celtic culture both in timeline and who the earliest participants were.
When I 'know' something it flows from my tongue like silky music and people tend to cock their ears and pay attention!
When I'm not so sure or know it to be false it pukes from head like the above speaker! If someone else did the work then... fine; if he did the work then hmmmm 🤔 I wonder if Christian monks today can logically work out the original stories by reversing the changes made to them back in the day. 13km of Vatican vaults might have a few clues too!
A Sheumais, smaoinich mi fhìn gun d'rinn an duine glè mhath! Cuimhnich gun robh e a' feuchainn na fuaimean a dhèanamh anns an seann nòs. Mar eiseimplier "dh" coltach ri "th" anns a Bheurla "that".
He also conflates the language of Ogham inscriptions to written old Irish to show how quickly language can change in a short period of time.
We do not know whether or not the language of Ogham inscriptions was anything close to the actual spoken language.
Certainly, written old Irish is recognizable as Irish, in spite of the funny orthography, to modern readers much as Gaoluinn and Gàidhlig are recognizable as being closely related after a thousand years or more.
AS ABOVE/ SO BELOW-Great presentation. The Brugh na Boyne (Newgrange) not only aligned on winter solstice but it lined up with the milky way and the star Deneb. Like the star of Bethlehem on Christmas in Isreal. Deneb represents part of a swan constellation as it is the cross in Christian. Deneb, Denyens, Danube, Tuathe De Dannan. The people of the goddess Danu. AS ABOVE/ SO BELOW refers to the ancient monuments around the Boyne valley are set up to match the stars above. The Boyne river represents the milky way. Newgrange is made from quartz crystal from the river itself. Amazing right? The ancient monuments and the old religion of the mother goddess and snakes represents the fertility of rivers. The goddess Duna held two snakes that represent Duna and Duoro river. Alot of the monuments look like vulvas or shafts and when the sun shines in it is fertilized and resurrected. St. Patrick is known for getting rid of all the snakes in Ireland. The problem is their was no snakes. It represented the religion. St. Patrick got rid of the ancient religion of the native people. Just like in ancient times when places like Galilee were replaced by monotheism. Galatians in Turkey are in a Muslim country but they still have red hair and bagpipes. In Irish folklore the bell beaker were Fomorians, then the magic Mound builders from the Danube / Black sea were the Tuathe De Dannan, and just before them were the Fir Bolg from Greece, when the celts came they were called Malesians and they took over the mounds and religions of the Tuathe. Just like when the Frankish Kingdom took over Rome but kept it Catholic and Italian. His presentation just proved the myths almost exactly accurate.
The firbolg of Greece?
You are right
nixter888 hmmm, I like it but not sure I quite agree with it all
" Like the star of Bethlehem on Christmas in Isreal (sic)". Nope. If the 'star of Bethlehem' actually happened, it is likely to have been a comet or a supernova.
Newgrange is a pre-Celtic site, it is stone-age, not Bronze or Iron Age. This doesn’t mean the Celts didn’t attribute planetary alignment to it, but they almost definitely did not build it.
The bagpipes are a Persian instrument and are not Celtic.
They do not belong in Scotland or anywhere else in Celtic lands. In fact it makes perfect sense for them to be present in Asia Minor, where once lived the temporary Celtic Galatians (who invaded only because they tried to head into Greece), which was once ruled by Persia.
As Above So Below is an Egyptian maxim from one of the 7 Hermetic Principles, it does not really belong in a discussion about Celts.
The ‘Saint Patrick drove out Pagan snakes’ theory is a common one espoused in New Age circles but it has no basis before that recent period.
Theories must be tested again and again and we cannot allow ourselves to fall into easy generalisation, least our conclusions be cheap, and then the impression outsiders will have of us, also, will be poor.
I'm gonna comment before watching. The Tuathe De Dannan is the most ancient Irish stories. Tragedy of the sons of Tuirean, Land of Tyr na Nog, Children of Lyr. Now place names. Duna/Danube/Danuna river, Dneiper river, Duoro river, the Dardanelle straights, Denmark, Gdansk/Danzig. The other bronze age cultures from Illiad in Greece and sea people's of Egypt called them Denyens/Daniens/Dannans. Those people who went back east became Galatian. Placenames- Gallilee, Isreal; Galatia, Turkey/Anatolia; Galiti, Romania; Gallo, Italy/Rome; Gaul, France; Galicia, Spain; Gal/Gaelic words all over Scotland, Britain and Wales; Galway, Ireland. The sons of Tuirean are mythology based on the sea people's. Timeline matches the Illiad of Troy and Ramses the second of Egypt. Placenames- Tyre Lebanon, Thrace, Bulgaria/Romania; Troy, Ancient Anatolia; Etruscans/ Eutraria/Tuscany, Italy; Tyreheann sea, Coast of Italy; Tartessos, Spain; the ancient city of Tarshish; The Hill of Tara in Ireland. They've also found Celtic /Slavic Caucasian mummies in ancient Chinese dessert 4000 to 1200 years old timespan.
Mike Semon the tribe of dan.
The Tarim mummies.
So if names sound alike that means there are direct connections? Well your name is Semon, so...
You're so wrong....Danaus= Δαναός was the king of Libya. His story goes back to Argos, Greece one of the foremost Mycenaean cities of the Peloponnesus..Danaus, was the son of King Belus of Egypt and the naiad Achiroe....descent from Io, a priestess of Hera at Argos, who was wooed by Zeus and turned into a heifer and pursued by Hera until she found asylum in Egypt. ...Nothing to do with Dan, a son of Jacob and Bilhah, Rachel's maidservant (Genesis 30:4). Dan is one of the two children of Bilhah, the handmaid of Jacob's wife Rachel...not related to Greek ΔΑΝΑΟΣ!
I think you all need to watch the video!
Thank you for video.
Celtic languages are Indo European. English is an Indo European language of the West Germanic branch. English milk, Tocharian malke, Latin mulgeo, Old Irish melg, Greek amelgo, Russian moloko and so forth.
Linguistic, textual, genetic and archaeological evidence for the Out of India Theory of Indo European Languages
Baghpat Chariots, Weapons and the Horse in the Harappan Civilization - Dr. BK Manjul
th-cam.com/video/fZvKpjjTpgg/w-d-xo.html
Findings from the latest genetic study conducted by ASI in collaboration with the Reich Lab at Harvard using ancient DNA from Rakhigarhi
slides at 29:00 mark
th-cam.com/video/Dio3Ep0nlv4/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/n4WFk0iEK5k/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/f0Lg1b_8N54/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/-wIu3dUsmtY/w-d-xo.html
Here are the tribes that spread the Indo European languages from South Asia to West Asia, Central Asia and to Europe
Avestan) Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Sairima (Śimyu), Dahi (Dāsa).
NE Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Nuristani/Piśācin (Viṣāṇin).
Pakhtoonistan (NW Pakistan), South Afghanistan: Iranian: Pakhtoon/Pashtu (Paktha).
Baluchistan (SW Pakistan), SE Iran: Iranian: Bolan/Baluchi (Bhalāna).
NE Iran: Iranian: Parthian/Parthava (Pṛthu/Pārthava).
SW Iran: Iranian: Parsua/Persian (Parśu/Parśava).
NW Iran: Iranian: Madai/Mede (Madra).
Uzbekistan: Iranian: Khiva/Khwarezmian (Śiva).
W. Turkmenistan: Iranian: Dahae (Dāsa).
Ukraine, S, Russia: Iranian: Alan (Alina), Sarmatian (Śimyu).
Turkey: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Phryge/Phrygian (Bhṛgu).
Romania, Bulgaria: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Dacian (Dāsa).
Greece: Greek: Hellene (Alina).
Albania: Albanian: Sirmio (Śimyu).
Shrikant Gangadhar Talageri
talageri.blogspot.com/2020/03/the-rigveda-and-aryan-theory-rational_27.html
Five waves of Indo-European expansion: a preliminary model (2018)
Igor A Tonoyan-Belyayev
I. Tonoyan-Belyayev
www.academia.edu/36998766/Five_waves_of_Indo-European_expansion_a_preliminary_model_2018_
Is it for sure, that during the Bronze Age and Iron Age British isles had not been connected to the Continent ( being the part of the Continent )?
Yes it is for sure.
The suggestion that Hallstatt needn't be taken anymore as corresponding to the origin of the Celts 8or their languages) is interesting. However I would ask if Hallstatt is to be conceived now as probably a non-Celtic culture. On the other hand, I don't get what is supposed to be the relevant relationship between the time-transformation stories, and the deactivation of the Neolithic tombs by the Beaker Culture bearers. By the way, Koch didn't say if Newgrange received this treatment too.
poliandro, your points are interesting. I'm going to do research on the traditional story of the origins of the Celts, starting with Classical sources. Since I have yet to do that, I want to ask if you think both stories might be true? Could the Hallstatt wave have rolled into an Ireland already populated with Celts?
Also I went poking around (for a few mintues) on your Newgrange question, I did not find any answers. Thanks for your post.
The Turoe Stone in Ireland is "La Tène" artwork carved in stone, not dissimilar to, and poosibly descended from, the artwork at Newgrange and the Pictish artwork, and the suggestion could be made that these represent a continuous culture that spread over to the continent from The Islands.
I believe his point is that there is a memory of the activities demonstrated by archaeloogy in the folk tales. This may demonstrate a cultural or linguistic conntinuity.
@@Fortyball The suggestion that La Tène and Hallstatt could have ultimately descended from native Western art which influenced the Celts who then spread it back East is very interesting.
However, the Turoe Stone is only 1st Century, which post-dates La Tène, so if there is a key to proving this, that isn’t it - unless we can disprove La Tène moving West at all, which is unlikely given the back-and-forth.
We have standing stones predating all of the theories.
Fables are fixed; theories are variable!
Yeah, so? It's thought that most of the standing stones were built by the Neolithic farmers
Alex Dunphy they were!
8000 yr
In the argument over a farmer versus Steppe invader, people need to factor in a second farmer migration into Europe. The first came from Northwestern Anatolia - and these are not the Indo-Europeans. They have the G2a Y-. But the second came from south-central Anatolia, and we have the J2a Y-'s. We spread into Romania and up to the Ukraine. I have no doubt we are the Indo-Europeans.
Take s shot every time he says "uh..." Try not to die.
Millions have died... you Tyrant! how dare you take my line... LOL
can barely hear him anyway. ALL the "academic earth mother" postings are like this. Let's NOT listen to our own post and HEAR and SEE how it rocks. We're being paid so off to the pub.
Really what a far cry for andronova, when all the clear answers to the origin of Zoroastrians are preserved in Avesta n Rigveda.
Great. Very interesting, but as previously commented on, hasn't anyone ever thought to tell the poor guy about his tendency to punctuate almost every third word with, 'er' 'um ' & 'uh'. Made it 'er' quite difficult to 'um' 'er' focus completely on 'uh' the 'um' topic 'er' being explored.
Another gobshite who thinks he's anonymous on TH-cam.
I have no problem with the idea that the celtic language we know developed on the british islands and around. I have also no problem with the idea, that the culture space of related languages/crafts/religion was wider than the british islands and the centre of high culture was still LaTene at about 500BC. Languages tend to differentiate and even get pushed away or populations just assimilate to another language. F.e. the goths moved into Spain and their religion and language disappeared within 150 years. That also works the other way round. Especially when the new culture has own things the old language has no own words for.
R1a did not split from R1b. If anything they are sibling groups. R1a is the highlander, R1b low-lander.
Best to consider R1a is the religious arm with R1b being the military arm. R1a brought us horses, R1b brought us cattle 11,100 BCE.
R1a produced what all call 'Corded Ware' culture. R1b = Yamnaya
Has anyone figured out the Canary islanders ?
there are megalithic sites in the Netherlands, northern Germany and Scandinavia too...they are not on the map though..
yes it is known that the neolithic farmers went everywhere in Europe including scandinavia. But they largely died out or were brutally replaced by the steppe peoples. Neolithic farmer appearance was white skin + dark hair and eyes.
oguns iron
Blue eyes and Blonde hair were not really a steppe trait.
@@adityanawani8134 Yes they were.
@@thegreenmage6956
Blue eyes were a West European Hunter Gatherer(WHG) trait.
As for Blonde hair,the steppe herders did carry the gene but it found expression only in the Corded Ware Forest Region and then expanded to the Steppe.
One of the established things that historical linguists seem to think is the Proto-Celtic and Proto-Italic branched off of each other later than the other branches of Indo-European branched off each other. If his theory is true and Proto-Celtic originated in Ireland, does that mean that the established historical linguists have been wrong about the later relationship with Italic? Or does the history and origin of Italic need to be re-examined?
Very interesting 👌 perhaps the Italic needs to be reinvestigated?
at this site
abagond.wordpress.com/2015/03/21/the-proto-indo-europeans/amp/
you find a cladogram of Indo-European languages which shows that the Celtic language branch did split of earlier then the combined Italic/Germanic branch. it is a bit the genetics of language as more recent branced off language are more related then earlier branched of languages. "Celtic" is about 500 years older then "Germo-Italic".
Didn't understand the significance of the mythology to the rest of the lecture... someone enlighten me.
I think the speaker mainly touched on one aspect of Indo-European mythology, and that is sun worship. The whole lecture is mainly about this one thing. He hasn't addressed other myths that have existed in Indo-European mythology. Before the finale, he had talked about somehow along the way of pre-Christian Celtic development, there were three men who had travelled from what is today Russia, or maybe even Ukraine, to go living in what is today Northern Ireland in the British Commonwealth. Many people have harped on the history that peoples living in the Steppes region or near there for being for generations producing the magis, who were the priests ministering to a religion there, centring on a sacred fire and the sun. But at the same time, he tried to tell that the early indigenous living in what is today Northern Ireland through his introduction of a native woman whose DNA shared some commonality with some living in what is today Spain. Given that nation states had yet to come about in those early times, wasn't he trying to suggest that early natives of the two locations shared some cultural commonality? Isn't what his lecture was all about? But he seems to have raised a question about mythology for us to ask if he was trying to say that sun worship in early Northern Ireland was due to the arrival of those three men, or whether even before they arrived, there had already been sun worship existing in there?
In the middle section, he mentioned about burials, but I didn't exactly catch on. If I don't misunderstand, he was saying that some changes in thoughts within the Beaker people had occurred, and thus they reconfigured the tombs after the second wave of migration by taking out the corpses and bones and constructed newly designed tombs for them? I wonder if he was trying to suggest that in a world before the state and the church became the norm, things had been very much subject to dynamic changes subject to external influences all the time?
My read is that Prof. Koch suggests the following may be true:
1-The tellers of the stories are the descendants of the Beaker people who 'moved in' on the Brú na Bóinne complex. 2-The stories reflect how they made the site their own, in all respects, including peopling it with gods with supernatural powers.
3-The myths could be stories they brought with them, adjusted to fit the location, or they could have been co-opted from the people they displaced, or a combination of the two processes.
I believe his point is that there is a memory of the activities demonstrated by archaeloogy in the folk tales. This may demonstrate a cultural or linguistic conntinuity.
As well as they take monuments and mythology they also take language and adapt it on they own way, so bit change it. Language in historical terms may evolve very fast on certain circumstances. Which could suggest that all this so called Indo-European languages are just evolution of earlier brunch of similar kind of language spreading but through middle East and few thousand years before. Even in dna and distribution of r1b haplogroup we could see how evolves this new type of humans in west Europe and then spread to the east. But they also came from east with their culture and then intermix with stepe people and not just once. You can imagine this movement like concentric circles that follow climate and life circumstances, as population get bigger they get more and more intermixed. But in periods when population decline people develop unique culture as population grow culture is get spreading more broadly through different population which makes it to evolve in new one after a while. So determining roots of people just from language works only for so called isolates languages, also just to some point in the past. Because so called Indo-European languages are just last wave of intermixing, and because its last it's most recognizable in etymology. Because as I said it's like concentric circles that spread like helix. In the past there were more chances for language to uniquely evolve, because of smaller population, so it was bigger circle. Where in beginning of civilisation process is opposite. So like spreading of waves of energy.
From the east they went to europe anatolia and greece
@@veronicalogotheti5416 in a way, like mythology, half human half horses
@@svetlicam yes some
@@veronicalogotheti5416 enough for changing perspective
In a way, this theory validates the LEBOR GABALA. In broad strokes, of course.
wait.. what? so the Beakers brought in the language (celtic)? or did it come from the first wave of indo European Neolithic ppl? i am so confused!!
The info European migration was bronze age. The Neolithic Farmers came from Anatolian.
@@alexdunphy3716 ha ha ha , don't be because , from Anatolia e to Anatolia people used to move around , the Greek Dorian used to come from durio in Iberia with they sheep herds back to Greek , since immemorial times search , lagos- CARLOS ALBERTO IN--- O REINO KONI , ..... USE GOOGLE AS TRANSLATOR , is a very interesting subject for someone interested to learn about the origins of indo european languages
French subtitle please
Celtic languages are Indo European. English is an Indo European language of the West Germanic branch. English milk, Tocharian malke, Latin mulgeo, Old Irish melg, Greek amelgo, Russian moloko and so forth.
Linguistic, textual, genetic and archaeological evidence for the Out of India Theory of Indo European Languages
Baghpat Chariots, Weapons and the Horse in the Harappan Civilization - Dr. BK Manjul
th-cam.com/video/fZvKpjjTpgg/w-d-xo.html
Findings from the latest genetic study conducted by ASI in collaboration with the Reich Lab at Harvard using ancient DNA from Rakhigarhi
slides at 29:00 mark
th-cam.com/video/Dio3Ep0nlv4/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/n4WFk0iEK5k/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/f0Lg1b_8N54/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/-wIu3dUsmtY/w-d-xo.html
Here are the tribes that spread the Indo European languages from South Asia to West Asia, Central Asia and to Europe
Avestan) Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Sairima (Śimyu), Dahi (Dāsa).
NE Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Nuristani/Piśācin (Viṣāṇin).
Pakhtoonistan (NW Pakistan), South Afghanistan: Iranian: Pakhtoon/Pashtu (Paktha).
Baluchistan (SW Pakistan), SE Iran: Iranian: Bolan/Baluchi (Bhalāna).
NE Iran: Iranian: Parthian/Parthava (Pṛthu/Pārthava).
SW Iran: Iranian: Parsua/Persian (Parśu/Parśava).
NW Iran: Iranian: Madai/Mede (Madra).
Uzbekistan: Iranian: Khiva/Khwarezmian (Śiva).
W. Turkmenistan: Iranian: Dahae (Dāsa).
Ukraine, S, Russia: Iranian: Alan (Alina), Sarmatian (Śimyu).
Turkey: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Phryge/Phrygian (Bhṛgu).
Romania, Bulgaria: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Dacian (Dāsa).
Greece: Greek: Hellene (Alina).
Albania: Albanian: Sirmio (Śimyu).
Shrikant Gangadhar Talageri
talageri.blogspot.com/2020/03/the-rigveda-and-aryan-theory-rational_27.html
Five waves of Indo-European expansion: a preliminary model (2018)
Igor A Tonoyan-Belyayev
I. Tonoyan-Belyayev
www.academia.edu/36998766/Five_waves_of_Indo-European_expansion_a_preliminary_model_2018_
And germanic, Latin and other??
The most parsimonious answer to the origins of proto Celtic points towards central europe possibly Italy eatern france/as proto -celtic and proto -italic clearly share a common root. An atlantic early bronze age split for proto-celtic from proto indo-european looks to be far to early.
Has anyone seen use of the Cheddar man? 9000 years ago in GB and would open some big info areas.
he would have been a mesolithic hunter gatherer i think. possibly blue eyed with very dark skin. weird combo but they seem to have looked like that.
@@ogunsiron2 actually the people who reconstructed his face had a few options to go with and they deliberately chose the most Black-looking option, which was then highly publicised for muh di-vur-city.
@@thegreenmage6956 that seems plausible.
What language did the First R1b members who emerged near Başkurtistan 18 thousand years ago speak them? Indo European? How is it possible that the Başkurt People Who have been living in the area where R1b has emerged for the Last 18 thousand years have always spoken and still speak a Turkic language but not Indo European. Could it be possible that the ancestors of Celts at that time about 18 thousand years ago spoke a Turkic language?
Yep it's possible
So……Is there an R1 somewhere still left on this planet??
Yes. www.familytreedna.com/public/y-dna-haplotree/R;name=R-M173 . R-M173 is the same as R1. Lookup the "Country Report" from the "..." popup at the end of the flag list. There are 84 R1 testers compared to the 79,000 down-stream R1a and R1b. This is only one testing company, though a very big one.
Plenty. Interesting enough that mongoloid Kirgiz people are mostly R1a too.
Er, um, oh, er, um, oh - bloody maddening!
So sometimes it is just a spread of a new culture or religion without people migrating. Then you have new things the old culture had no words for but people who came with the new things have and those words get assimilated. When it is a dominant thing in the new culture it might change the language significantly over some generations. Doesnt need an invasion and war. Could also mean some people move to other places and mingle with new neighbors. It was still mostly empty land after all and not always full of people on the path of war.
5:54 dude just replaced "replacement" with "renewal"
Is this not basically what Ian Adamson has been saying for years?
um No not even close.
We raid Mediterranean costs in ancient times taking women. Also, we stopped in Iberia on the way in our migration from Sparta/Troy/Egypt.
You and your friends seem to have had a very interesting life thus far, care to tell me all about it?
@@tfowen8484 my comment - This was spoken from raiders perspective of what was happening back then in ancient times. Was thinking the 1500 BCE and the 'so called' Sea Peoples invaded. Philistines, Saka from the east.
@@pythonhighadder7982 Well, I know, I was just poking fun at people's habit to speak as if that perspective was theirs.
@@tfowen8484 lol right after re-reading that - I was like ok what the heck was i trying to say? so, sorry for the dumb comment
@@pythonhighadder7982 Don't worry, cheers mate
Thank u for the effort to post but the er count reached well over the zillions
Seriously, this guy knows what he wants to say but stumbles and bumbles like a damn fool over every word he says.
I had to stop listening before I had a stroke.
That people spoke
Yes, interesting material but difficult to listen to...
But what relationship does this have to the reincarnation of pigs as parakeets
Needs to bring a competent Celtic story teller in to read the stories about New Grange.
is basque an agglutanian language?
Indo-Europeans started with the Centum languages of the West
I gave up! With a headache.
I just read the relevant papers, and the use of the term "replacement" is a bit strong... There was a migratory influx and admixture. Some displacement of previous hunter-gatherer populations was evident, but there was generally integration of the waves of migrants into local populations.
And this is a prominent theme in Irish mythology :-)
Get your pro-migration rewriting of history out of here, churl.
Who would put a thumbs down on a science information review? Lol. Weird
Perhaps someone who prefers lectures that don't feature um/uh as every third word?
@@shadetreader still science.. flustering over an intellectuals speaking habits seems odd.. go fluttering over a celebrity , they are here to entertain you.. intelligence is here to heighten you...
It appears that steppe pastor lists due to their dairy and meat consumption, the horse and wheel, overwhelmed their small neighbors physically. Talk about a run on misspelled sentence u know what i.mean
You mean Ural people migrated to ur not vice versa that means carrying coal to new castle
eeh m eh mmm eh eh eh mmm nice lecture, excempt for the eh eh.. the fellow needs to clean his sparkplugs..
New Grange might not have been Celtic, it might have been pre-indo-european..
are you on drugs ?
@@Erdath91 and the Gails ?
No, but it was still European. Neolithic farmers were anatomically modern Europeans as were the Western hunter-gatherers and Indo-Europeans. Really I would argue that it organically became Celtic although the triskele has been used by the Illyrians and I believe the Norse as well.
Content very interesting summary of recent genetic research, but delivery unlistenable to. I'll read it, thanks.
I find it difficult to listen to lol. Hopefully the Prof will improve his delivery with experience
Yes, a good 15mins of information strung out to an hour.
mathew dallaway It ain't TMZ on TV, what were you expecting, for him to rap it while an assistent beatboxes??
It is a shame that he reached his academic position without learning how to give a clear and concise lecture. Of course that doesn't impinge on the value of his scholarship as such. Perhaps he should have had someone else deliver the material?
marconatrix was perfectly clear and, considering the enormous scope of the topic, very concise. Maybe you should develop your poor comprehension skills?
Sorry. I had to stop watching. Let me know if there's a copy out there that he's rehearsed a bit.
😊l 😊
9:06 - 9:12 , I'm done
R1b haplogroup in Ireland. Well, yes we know that. But what was there before they came? Just a vague mention of we have their dna. But what was it? Who were the people of Ireland before the R1b people came? Don't you know or don't you want to say? There was at least eight thousand years to cover before the R1b lot arrived.
Mesolithic Hunter gatherers were the people before r1b. They were the indigenous Europeans and arrived around 20-40,000 years ago. 6-7000 years ago Neolithic farmers arrived in Europe from the Middle East and joined the Mesolithic people. In some countries such as Ireland almost entirely replacing them, in other countries such as Sweden integrating with them on a 50/50 ratio. Also R1b is one of the haplogroups of the Neolithic farmers, so arrived 6/7000 years ago.
actually r1b is a steppe/indo-european haplotype.
For neolithic farmer haplotypes look to the sardinians and the basque.
joe gill ...yes u are right...if u look up pre historic Ireland. ..circa...7000-80000 bc..u will see in co.limerick. ..in a place called LOUGH GUR. ..I SPEAKS FOR ITSELF. ..AS IN PROOF
"In some countries such as Ireland almost entirely replacing them" is bit of a misnomer. Those populations just didn't magically disappear upon the arrival of another peoples, that's just not possible. Adopting a new culture or language does not cause a particular people to disappear. Its been postulated that despite the notion of "invasion" as a characterization of the Neolithic farmers into the Isles, there is evidence of trade with these peoples from the islands to the continent during the Mesolithic, so these arrivals were of a people that the Islanders were aware and knew. So it was not so much an "invasion" by an alien culture as it is a group of new and known neighbors moving into the neighborhood.
Kevin Murphy: Well, it pretty much happened to the Native Americans...
For the first 15 seconds of that video i thought that I had to do the thinking about IndoEuropean myths all on my own.
Lmao
So many stupid people in this comment section. What kind of a person obsesses so much over how a person speaks to have any kind of issue with this guy at all...? Not someone I would want to talk to.
THANK YOU!
I can't believe I found an actual decent person here with some fuckin decency and respect and class....!
So they were not indoeuropeans
I apologize if this comes off as disrespectful, but the lecture would be much easier to follow with less use of: "uh". Thank you for this lecture
How bout Dem.Cowboys.?
Ooh I got a bit sick of "uh...uh" by the end of those myth text readouts.
The umm er. Er, Er, umm um. Er. Celtic um er um er um , um, um um um add infinitetum !
Funny that you being judgemental is making you miss some great things.
Carlos Sanchez you are an idiot .
Carlos Sanchez piss off
The Germanii were a tribe of the Medes and inhabited the area today Iran, Afghanistan, Pakistan. They remained in this area till about approx. 550 BCE.
Also, for seeking the origin of Gaelic and how it got there I suggest one looks at the Scythians [West Black Sea], Troy [NW Asia Minor - tribe name Lud] cross this in with Spartan and Iberian Celtic head north and we arrive in Ireland.
could you elaborate a bit, sounds interesting?
The Medes are the modern day kurďs. The origin of Gaelic is from the cimmerians the cymry language had it's roots in Iran and spread to Thrace , troy , and epirus. And over Europe.
No, just no....
Please don't mix pseudo-science with real science....
It is so easy to play around with words and come up with false etymologies.....
This is why we serious, real scholars back up everything we ever write or claim with citations and references and show our work and where we got our ideas from and what the evidence is.....
Eastern Europeans (Slavs) come from the steppes. Western and southern Europeans come from Anatolia
More less,because we had influx from anatolian ancestry in eastern europe,just the baltic didn't suffered this.
Arians. .Lechites .Vandals..
Wait and ..they are Poles. ..Poles live in EUROPE 10.700 years..They oldset bread on earth...
Drink every time this guy says uh
One would most certainly die of alcohol poisoning before completing the video! 😂
The initial 2 groups presented ignored the proto-Nords, ie the paternal I groups, who are the first people of Europe. .
The 'Proto-Nords' would be the Proto-Germanics, who didn't even exist back then. There are three ancestral primary populations of Europe: Mesolithic hunter-gatherers, Neolithic farmers migrating from the near-east (where farming was invented), and a late but large contribution of Proto-Indo-Europeans (the people who invented the chariot and horseback riding).
The Proto-Nords (i.e. Proto-Germanics) are the descendants of the Yamnaya-Corded Ware peoples who colonized and inhabited the area around the baltic sea around 2500 BC.
The paternal I groups are hunter gatherers no? In the north agriculture is less of an advantage so a larger portion of hunter gatherer DNA, and possibly culture, survived. In the north agriculture might only give 5 times the population density as compared to 50 times the population density. And larger parts are unfarmable.
belongs to the western hunter gatherer category.
northern hunter gatherers did not survive as separate peoples but their genetic legacy is very significant among the northern euros, especially all around the baltic.
Yes they did. They survived in Finland.
Der ah er da er ah ur er a a ah a er ah deer ah er ah er ah er ah er ah er ah der ah er ah der er ah ah ah der dr ah da ah da ah aha da der da ha....
IRE as Ireland, ire as IRE AN , EUR as EUROPE are all IRANIANS who knew farming and other things in 3ed century as Indo European migrate into Europe. At the time IRANIAN language called PALAVI. there are so many common pahlavi words in England and specially GERMANY.
There is only one word from palavi : PILAF (a rice dish) :)
There has been a welcome change in the past twenty years or so, and a lot of progress has been made in challenging Eurocentric paradigms in various fields in the social sciences. Much of the progress has been made in bits and pieces, and there are no cogent multi-cultural frameworks and perspectives yet in most fields. This progress has largely been achieved due to the fact that people from different countries from around the world have taken up positions in eminent and prestigious American and European universities, and have raised objections and concerns on important issues. Thus, we can see a multicultural perspective emerging on different issues (big change even from the year 2000, when many obsolete paradigms of consequence to different cultures remained unchallenged) However, solving a complex puzzle such as that of Indo-European origins is a different ballgame altogether, and requires not only an inter-disciplinary approach, but also a multi-cultural one. What experiential knowledge would an Indian national have of Iceland, Albania, or Kazakhastan? This is easier said than done and requires persistence and dedication. Such endeavours may take decades and will call for proficiency in many different languages, knowledge of different cultures and a thorough grasp on different regional histories as well. I still see this as a distant pipedream, as few researchers have even thought on these lines, as yet. However, raising awareness may expedite things a bit. It is now time to kick start that process!
Dream on
Don’t see any inherent benefit to birthplace and culture helping decipher this. Besides being perhaps completely new to the niche subject of another country’s history and having no preconceived ideas..
As for indoeuropean studies, people from India for example are just as likely to put an Indo-Centric lense on things..
Perhaps the field needs to simply encourage us to follow the evidence and have an open mind
An utter rubbish. First - no Corded Ware culture domination in Baltic or Estonian region, let alone Finland. Second - Finno-Ugric nations have been in Estonia and North Latvia since the beginning of time. Comb Ware culture has been dominated in the area and Baltic tribe are not Slavs, they just exchanged the words. Also Uralic language nations, including proto-Finno-Ugric and the later Baltic Sea Finns (Finns & Estonians) were living together with the Baltic tribes taking over a lot of their vocabulary. To show spread of Corded Ware culture in the Baltic and Finland is blasphemy by Western scholars. Let we do the proper science and learn what we have found out. Take note from Artur Lang resent study on archeogenesis of Uralig and Finno-Ugric nations.
rubbish because does not serve your rhetoric of the arian race , sorry mate history has to be rewritten
Ah, um, uh... no. It's in the way that you say it, not what you say.
Youre being distracted by a triviality
Yep, that's Homo sapien apes for ya....
All they care about is the superficial shit.... the surface shut, i.e., the façade....
You outed yourself perfectly, bud....
You just admitted that you don't give a shit about the research, the data, the facts, etc....
All that matters is the appearance of things, the presentation, and the way it's done...
He'd never make a storyteller thats for certain.
Celtic languages are Indo European. English is an Indo European language of the West Germanic branch. English milk, Tocharian malke, Latin mulgeo, Old Irish melg, Greek amelgo, Russian moloko and so forth.
Linguistic, textual, genetic and archaeological evidence for the Out of India Theory of Indo European Languages
Baghpat Chariots, Weapons and the Horse in the Harappan Civilization - Dr. BK Manjul
th-cam.com/video/fZvKpjjTpgg/w-d-xo.html
Findings from the latest genetic study conducted by ASI in collaboration with the Reich Lab at Harvard using ancient DNA from Rakhigarhi
slides at 29:00 mark
th-cam.com/video/Dio3Ep0nlv4/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/n4WFk0iEK5k/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/f0Lg1b_8N54/w-d-xo.html
th-cam.com/video/-wIu3dUsmtY/w-d-xo.html
Here are the tribes that spread the Indo European languages from South Asia to West Asia, Central Asia and to Europe
Avestan) Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Sairima (Śimyu), Dahi (Dāsa).
NE Afghanistan: Proto-Iranian: Nuristani/Piśācin (Viṣāṇin).
Pakhtoonistan (NW Pakistan), South Afghanistan: Iranian: Pakhtoon/Pashtu (Paktha).
Baluchistan (SW Pakistan), SE Iran: Iranian: Bolan/Baluchi (Bhalāna).
NE Iran: Iranian: Parthian/Parthava (Pṛthu/Pārthava).
SW Iran: Iranian: Parsua/Persian (Parśu/Parśava).
NW Iran: Iranian: Madai/Mede (Madra).
Uzbekistan: Iranian: Khiva/Khwarezmian (Śiva).
W. Turkmenistan: Iranian: Dahae (Dāsa).
Ukraine, S, Russia: Iranian: Alan (Alina), Sarmatian (Śimyu).
Turkey: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Phryge/Phrygian (Bhṛgu).
Romania, Bulgaria: Thraco-Phrygian/Armenian: Dacian (Dāsa).
Greece: Greek: Hellene (Alina).
Albania: Albanian: Sirmio (Śimyu).
Shrikant Gangadhar Talageri
talageri.blogspot.com/2020/03/the-rigveda-and-aryan-theory-rational_27.html
Five waves of Indo-European expansion: a preliminary model (2018)
Igor A Tonoyan-Belyayev
I. Tonoyan-Belyayev
www.academia.edu/36998766/Five_waves_of_Indo-European_expansion_a_preliminary_model_2018_
Yeah, he needs to work on his public speaking for sure.....
but he's a brilliant scholar.....
Interesting theories but your man needs to have a pint before public speaking.
he is KILLING ME with all his "uh" "uh" "uh" .....ggeeezzzuuussss...and when he reads! it's like he doesn't know how to! my god..it's torture!!!
Thanks, you typed it for me!
9:06. Unbelievable...
It's called stage fright....
Fuck off.....
All the ancestory of people in this map is involved in the jats of India including Germany and their ethnicity is traceable from the old countries of the world
Anatolian and Celtic are related and the oldest
All this "uh-uh-uh" makes the lecture very un-fluent to listen to.
Nerves maybe or upper class waffle lol
shut up karen, mans giving an hour long lecture give him a break
Falalalogy u- should uh- not uh- be ,-um tter called -uh Philology ? Wha- uh -t d' You -uh tink ?
Linguistically Centum was first than Satem !!!!
Academic Lecturers really NEED Acting/Voice coaches. The stammering and stuttering is very distracting and gives the overall appearance of incompetence.
Yes, very interesting stuff....but he must be the most annoying speaker ever: i needed a few rests to cope with it
The part about the mythology was the most poorly explained section. It was hard for me to understand how it was connected to the rest of his presentation. The title of the video made it seem like the mythology would be a central component, but it came across as a side discussion that wasn't really fleshed out.
His accent is bizarre.
Just sounds like a mix between English and Irish to me
@@yrebrac it’s kind of American though, I agree it’s bizarre.
This accent is east coast/Boston and it does have a mix of British/Irish/American sound. Plus he has lived and taught extensively in Britain.
The Neolithic woman probably was snatched by Nomadic men from her home village in Sardinia or somewhere in coastal area on their way to Ireland or Scotland. It was a common practice for Nomadic men to forcefully take the women from other folks. The practice of forcefully taking a woman to later marry her or cohabitate with her was wide spread practice in Central Asia among Turkic tribes. The Suleiman Magnificient, for example. His the most loved wife was taken from Ukrainian steppes.
Strange how we didn't find their time machine buried with them. They must have lost it shortly after traveling the whole millennium or more back to their own time.
It's not unreasonable to refer to a more well-known example of the behavior you want to establish for an earlier time period. Suleiman, of course, did not live in the Neolithic age. Since he lived 1494-1566 AD and the Neolithic age ended 4500 BC-2000 BC depending on the region, the age difference was much more than 1000 years, possibly as much as 5000 years. He also was not a migratory pastoralist. Nevertheless, he can be used to establish that taking women forcefully into marriage was a thing that was done in the past.
No, she was a Neolithic farmer who at one point were indigenous to Ireland before they were eventually replaced.
@@TheM41a That's one theory.
Except it is not a theory but a fact.@@Ionlytellthetruth
My jaw just dropped when I saw the map in this video (on 25:16 minute)! I am from Kazakhstan which is Kazakh language (Turkic family) country. This map shows that my ancestors spoke some Indo-European. It can't be so! If they did, there must some remains of it on the territory of Kazakhstan but there is not. The area where the languages from this Indo-Iranian group are spoken are to the south from Kazakhstan in Tajikistan, some part of Uzbekistan and Kyrgystan. These countries are neibours to Iran and Afganistan.
There is so called Botai culture archeological findings site which is in Northern Kazakhstan. The findings indicate that Botai people first domesticated the horse about 5000 years ago. And Botai people not only rode the horses but also consumed horse meat and milk. Horse is the fastest animal among the domesticated animals. That means that Botai folks could move quickly to where they want because their food source moved quickly too.
In Altai region there were no findings of horse bones indicating that there could not be mass movement of people from that region. The same story with Yamnay site - no horse bones found.
It's an absurd conclusion to draw that because Kazakhstan speaks a Turkic language nowadays that it had to be the case millenia ago as well; equally absurd to assume that an IE language could not have been spoken in Kazakhstan without leaving a trace (I assume you mean linguistic trace). Populations and languages can change in the open steppes of Asia. Etruscan used to be spoken in Italy, but from the perspective of Italian and the modern Italian dialects, there is very little evidence of that nowadays.
+Smedley Jefferson I found a bunch of Kazakh words in Basque language recently. Even found that the Basque male name Aitor might be from Kazakh male name Aitore. I also found similarities in some geographical names. The historians state that the Basques are the people who showed up in Europe long before of the speakers of Indo-European languages. That statement makes the Kazakh language (Turkic languages) much older than Indo-European languages taking into account that there are some Kazakh (Turkic) words in the Basque language. And that means that speakers of IE languages first spoke Kazakh (Turkic) language when they were in Pontic Caspian Steppes. There are more than 130 Turkic words in English language alone. Words like teeth=tis, tree=terek, sun=kun, truth=durus etc. Even wheel is from Kazakh word dongelek. The word dongelek describes what the wheel actually does: it rolls and arrives.
That means that the Kazakhs invented the wheel too.
BTW, I had a quick look at Etruscan language and for me it looks like one of Turkic languages. I even see some similar words.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_languages
+Martin Andersson D.Anthony should first study how the animals behave depending on changes in weather. It is a well known fact that the animals tend to migrate from place to place depending on season. It happens even in Africa. The antelopes that still live in the Steppe migrate there depending on season. So did the wild horses. And the humans were following them. As temperatures were dropping starting in autumn the wild horses and antelopes would slowly most probably move towards the Karashash location and even deeper to SouthEast. So, the Karashash setllement and other setllements to the SouthEast most probably were winter settlements for Botai people. And they could even move further to the SouthEast depending on weather. In spring the wild horses and antelopes would move slowly to the North to Botai site which most probably was a summer stay location.
Saying that the horses would break the snow in order to get the grass from beneath of snow is ridicilous when talking about ancient domesticated and wild horses. Nowadays, domesticated horses have to stay where the humans live. And it could be North Kazakhstan, it could be South Kazakhstan. Modern nomads who handle the horses are forced to live in one location because they've got permanent houses in villages. And modern horses adapted to getting of grass from underneath of snow.
And because of the seasonal migration of horses the Kazakhs had to invent a chariot and wheel because they had to move house twice per year.
So I have listened to you. And I have listened to 3 lectures from D. Anthony. So far he is more convincing. By a rather large margin, to express myself politely.
The Aryan invasion theory according to the British was that ancient Aryans invaded India at about 1500BC, driven out the Dravidians from their land, have imported the Hindu civilization along with the Sanskrit language from the steppes of central Asia (Kuhn, 1845, Max Muller, 1878, Childe, 1926, Elst, 1999; Trautmann, 2005). The theory was the justification for the British occupation of India. Although there was no archeological evidence to support this theory, it has become the most important doctrine on ancient Indian history. However, some recent archeological discoveries in India, Russia, and Japan have pushed back the antiquity of the Aryans to at least 9000 BC and proved beyond doubt that the ancient Aryans were not nomadic tribes from central Asia but had very advanced urban civilizations.
India was possibly the original home of the Aryans. From India, the Aryan language and other languages of Aryan affinity came into existence due to the contact between the migrating Aryans and non-Aryans out of India (Mazumdar, 1917). The Vedic literature was the expression of the highly developed thoughts of the Aryans. If the Aryans had come to India from outside it would be natural to find some traces of their thoughts and literary activities in some of the places through which they had traveled. However, no such record has been discovered at any place. To suggest that the Aryans had attained the highly developed literary and intellectual acumen after coming into India does not justify the absence of any record whatsoever in any of the places through which they had traveled into India.
Genetic Evidence for Westward Indo-Aryan expansion
Recent DNA evidence shows that Europe experienced a massive population influx from the east, beginning around 4,500 years from the present. Several haplogroups were involved in this expansion, including the Indian-origin R1a1a. This was almost a total replacement event, which indicates that Indo-Aryans, among others, expanded westward into Europe and to a large extent, replaced indigenous European males and their Y-chromosome strata (Sharma and his associates, 2009)
This genetic evidence indicates that several Y-chromosomal (patrilineal) lineages, one of which was the Indian-origin R1a1a, gave rise to the modern European population. Out of these lineages, R1a1a is the most widespread and numerous.
1. The R1a haplogroup originated in India.
2. The Indo-Aryan people have lived in India for at least 15,450 years, which invalidates the theory that the Indo-Aryans invaded India 3,500 years ago.
3. The hundreds of millions of members (possibly over a billion) of the R1a family living across the world today - a very large fraction of humanity - are all descended from one single male ancestor who lived in India at least 15,450 years ago.
This discovery demonstrates the close genetic (and hence linguistic and cultural) affinity of Indians with the Russian and Polish people, the Vikings and Normans, and with the ancient Scythians and Tocharians, among many others (Sharma et al, 2009).
This is irrefutable scientific proof that not only did the Indo-Aryan people originate in India over 15,450 years ago, but also that they expanded out of India and settled in lands far to the west in Europe. It thoroughly invalidates the AIT (Aryan Invasion Theory) and AMT (Aryan Migration Theory).
Literary Evidence for Westward Indo-Aryan expansion
Consider the Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra, a Vedic text. Baudhayana Shrauta Sutra 18:44 records:
“Amavasu migrated westward. His people are Gandhari, Parsu and Aratta.”
This refers to a Vedic king called Amavasu, whose people are the Gandhari (Gandhara - Afghanistan), the Parsu (Persians) and the Aratta, who are tentatively identified as living in the vicinity of Mt. Ararat, which is located in Turkey (eastern Anatolia) and Armenia.
Afghanistan (Gandhara) was historically part of the Indian civilization until the Islamic invasions. The name “Persia” comes from the ancient Parshva people (an Aryan clan). The word “Parshva” is derived from the Sanskrit/Avestan (Old Persian) word “Parshu”, which means “battle-ax”. There are clear linguistic and cultural similarities between India and Persia.
The traditional Armenian name for Mt. Ararat is Masis. It is named after the legendary Armenian king Amasya. The name “Amasya” is linguistically related to the name “Amavasu” of the Indian king recorded in the Baudhayana’s Shrauta-Sutra. This establishes literary evidence for the westward expansion of Indo-Aryans, via Afghanistan, to Persia, Armenia and Anatolia.
The ancient kingdom of Mitranni, of the people who used to worship Mitra, the Vedic God, located in present-day Syria and Anatolia, had an Indo-Aryan, Sanskrit-speaking ruling class. Mitranni kings had Indo-Aryan names. The oldest recorded (Vedic) Sanskrit words are found in a horse training manual by a Mitranni horse master named Kikkuli. Although the text is written in the Hittite language, it appears that Kikkuli was not familiar enough with that language to use technical terms, which made it necessary for him to use the terminology of his own language (Vedic Sanskrit) instead.
Inscribed clay tablets discovered in Boğazkale, Anatolia (Turkey), record a royal treaty and invoke the Vedic gods Indra, Mitra, Nasatya & Varuna by the Hittites, another Indo-European tribe, as witnesses. The Boğazkale clay tablets are dated to about 1380 BC. This is around the same time as Kikkuli’s horse training manual.
The Mitranni and Hittites belonged to the Indian-origin haplogroup R1a1a. This is clear evidence of a large-scale westward expansion of Sanskrit-speaking Indo-Aryans, and their presence as the ruling aristocracy in lands thousands of kilometers west of India.
The children of Goddess Danu.
The primordial Rig Vedic river goddess Danu is the mother/progenitor of the Danava clan of Indo-Aryans. The Danavas revolted against the Devas and were eventually defeated and got banished. As it turns out, that was far from the end of their story. The word dānu means “fluid, drop” in Rig Vedic Sanskrit. The Avestan (old Iranian) word for “river” is “dānu”. The Scythian (Saka/Shaka) & Sarmatian words for “river” are also “dānu”.
Now consider this: linguistically, the names of the European rivers Danube, Dnieper, Dniestr, Don, Donets, Dunajec, Dvina or Daugava, and Dysna are all derived from the Rig Vedic Sanskrit root word “dānu”. These rivers flow across eastern & central Europe. These rivers, all named after the Rig Vedic goddess Danu, seem to trace the gradual westward migration through Europe of the Danava clan of Rig Vedic Indo-Aryans.
According to Irish & Celtic mythology, the Irish & Celtic people are descended from a mother goddess - a river goddess - called Danu. The ancient (mythological) people of Ireland are called the Tuatha Dé Danann (Old Irish: “The peoples of the goddess Danu”).
Is there genetic evidence to support this story? As it turns out, there is. The R1a1a haplogroup is rare in Ireland, at 2.5% of the population. This can be explained by the fact that Ireland has suffered many invasions since the Bronze Age, which would have led to the gradual replacement of the R1a1a haplogroup with those of the various invaders. The fact that R1a1a is still present in Ireland proves that people of Indo-Aryan origin settled there in the past (Sharma et al, 2009).
Elsdon Best (1972) in his book wrote that the ancestors of a tribe Tuhoe in New Zealand came from India via Peru. DNA tests on some of them proved the origin of their ancestors. They said that they traveled from India after the Mahabharata war to New Zealand. Thus, the story of Manu dividing up the world among his sons maybe not a myth. (TH-cam.com/watch?v=nTb3anTVGJY)
In a report published in Nature, a group of scientists and archeologists of the ASI (Archeological Survey of India) and IIT (Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur) proved that the cities of Indus valley were at least 9000 years old, not just 3500 years. The cause of the decline was not any Aryan invasion, but a continuous lack of rainfall since that 9000 years when most rivers dried up. That might have caused the outward migration of the Aryans from India (Sarkar, 2016).
(This is quoted from our (Victoria Miroshnik and Dipak Basu), forthcoming book, Ethics, Morality and Business, to be published by Palgrave-Macmillan. )
They are the wariteni of the east coast large stature blond hair and blue eye may also be wari of Peru the burial type is like mykpo seated hands by face sometimes death mask oldest mummy's found in Portugal of this type
Uh, no.... All that you just wrote is a load of pseudo-history and pseudo-science.....
The Aryan Invasion Theory is taking fact and running with it and jumping to a bunch of conclusions....
The Aryan Invasion Theory is not correct because of all those conclusions that were made and incorrect assumptions......
but it is an absolute fact of science that the Indo-Aryans migrated into the Indian subcontinent c. 1500 BCE and brought with them the Vedic Sanskrit language and Indo-European heritage....
Get some one to speak for you, or get some training..