The 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry - Periodic Table of Videos
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 3 พ.ย. 2024
- The 2015 Nobel Prize in Chemistry is awarded "for mechanistic studies of DNA repair". The recipients are Paul L. Modrich, Tomas Lindahl and Aziz Sancar.
Discussed by Professor Sir Martyn Poliakoff.
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Could there be a more british way of representing DNA than with tea bags?
They are sequencing Her Majestys' DNA to have it represented with tea bags. Just hold on a minute..
+iliketotallyloveit hey hey hey!!!!! It is not only a British thing to make fun of the French!!! We Americans also derive great pleasure from it! lol ;P
+YPOC
Eel pie &
Black pudding
+crunch9876 We just inherited the long tradition of making fun of everybody and laughing when they make fun of us from England
+YPOC He could have ripped off little bits of Haggis
Considering Sir Martyn's work on Artemisinin, I thought he would be doing a video on the 2015 prize in Physiology and Medicine.
+AMRosa10 editing later today
+Periodic Videos yay
A pretty stable video for a hand recording !!
+Reda Izo Brady most likely stabilizes the footage when editing.
That's the same thing I was thinking about
+Cyndaquazy Films I find that looks worse - the lens has image stabilisation though, of course.
Professor, you can repair that DNAdamage using a fantastic compound called cyanoacrylate.
It's super glue for anyone who doesn't get it
+opsimathics After a quick Google I chuckled
opsimathics
Super glue?
Its ok Professor, I'm sure the editor will cut down that part of the footage about the naughty thing you have done ;D
Spot the deliberate error?
Coffee should always go opposite to tea.
ie. Adenine with thymine and Cytosine with guanine.
Tea with coffee, but never coffee with coffee or tea with tea.
+Nickle Spot the being an obnoxious pedant intentionally finding something to whine about, even if there's nothing genuinely deserving of it?
It's a model. It might be misleading if you take it to mean something it wasn't meant to, but it's not in error.
+Nickle we treated one pair as "Team Green" and one as "Team Lime" for the sake of simplicity... It is indeed true that the inner workings of DNA is more complicated than two coloured bags of tea and coffee. :)
Periodic videos just shutted you the f*ck up.
TURN DOWN FOR WHAT
+seigeengine
The interesting bit about the pairing is how the replication works. Unzip, and the opposite pair joins, replicating.
That's the really clever, can't use any other word for it, bit about DNA.
Very relevant to the correction bit.
Nickle All of that is successfully contained within the model.
Going to go the generic pedant way of continuing to whine about how your correction totally isn't irrelevant pissing and moaning?
I thought that DNA model was a christmas tree. I have an idea now...
Atypically this is a pretty pure video. Where if you don't already know how it works you learn nothing or pick up bad metaphors or if you do already know how it works you don't learn anything new.
Would never have thought this wonderful series on chemistry would make me feel a little sad.This one reminded me my dad had a faulty spell checker. Me too actually.HPNCC is literally a pain in the A..
Honestly I prefer this improvised models, good job Brady for running with them in the animations! It makes it much funnier.
It hasn't come yet.
That big DNA-model looks like a Christmas tree.
I love the sign on the Prof's door.
"Professor? PROFESSOR? That's Professor SIR to you!"
I never knew the DNA-studies were so damn beautiful. I absolutely can not wait until the 'full' video comes out!
And the most interesting part is left untouched (maybe because it's too complicated for a 10 min video?) - how does this mechanism know which part is right and which is wrong?
Id imagine it takes valid human DNA 'rubric' so to speak, which properly codes all the necessary proteins for normal bodily functions and bases the repairs off of that
I love how this Professor explains really difficult topics.
One of the professors is at my school, the other is about 8 miles down the road. Crazy.
The animation is messed up, each packet is paired to itself, the professors model does match light/dark, but the colored bands also carry information.
+notaseagull yeah we weren't going for that much detail in the animation - indeed DNA is more complicated.
i assume that a pair is AT pair, and the other is a GC pair.
I hope you will soon do videos about biology !!! it's really a wide area , and a lot of student needs motivation
if only you can find us a professor like Sir Martyn Poliakoff !!!
True👍👍
I'm a very proud Tar Heel chemist today! Congratulations Dr. Modrich, Dr. Lindahl, and Dr. Sancar!
just made the calculations and, based on what Sir Martyn said about how long our DNA can be if put side by side, and discovered that we could get across the observable universe 3,5 times! pretty cool huh?
Luckily, the spellchecker wasn't made by Apple or we'd all be ducks or something by now.
ahh i love the sign on his door has been updated to "sir" martyn poliakoff!
Yay Brady! Glad to see you in the video! Nice tie Professor! Thank you for the explanation on enzymes in DNA!
2:40 Mind blowing!!!!
Hey Brady! Is that Sigma 24-35 you`re using in the beginning of the video? :)
+EvulDali www.bradyharanblog.com/equipment/
Thanks! :)
Give the Professor a Nobel for ingenuity, and thinking on his feet. :-)
So will this then lead to new ways to treat or prevent cancer? Also could a video on cancer be done explaining how various forms of radiation mess with DNA (alpha beta gamma neutron)?
incredible work. synthetic biology will be a key technology in the future. Hypothetical question: If all dna in a body could travel 250 time the sun and back, then what distance would it be if ALL potential base pairs floating around, correct or not, joined? is this just a question of how much a cell can synthesize and still function properly??
It would be interesting to see a video on how nuclear chemistry (radiation) affects DNA
thanks but we need a detailed treatment,so pls upload a detailed one.
It hasn't come yet.
Was half expecting that Brady had been given a heads up from the Nobel Prize board to film Sir Martyn's reaction to his name being announced as the winner of the Chemistry prize.
+TVFILMBUFF the nominees are summoned to Stockholm to attend the ceremony, so the Professor would not have been in the UK
+Jack Lovejoy This is not true.
@@jacklovejoy5290 He might have got a call before the announcement if he had won it. The ceremony is held in Stockholm afterwards.
And yet another Inspirational Video, Keep them coming.
Hi guys, I have a small suggestion. As the Prof was saying he had no idea who would get the prize it occurred to me I didn't even know who was nominated for it. Might be nice to do a few on the people who are nominated what they have done and why it's important. Just a thought
+Bluebuthappy182 Unlike the mainstream awards in pop culture, there are no nominations for Nobel Prizes (for the sciences at least). The winners were only informed after they are announced officially. I think one of the winners for the Nobel Prize for Medicine was woken up in the middle of the night by a call telling him that he had won.
how is this mistake between the bases in the nucleotides possible? A and T bases bond with 2 hydrogen bonds , and C and G with 3. how does 2 bond with 3 or vice versa?
If the Ts can be damaged by being joined together that way and other molecules are not prone to that problem, I would expect that in the course of evolution genes where two Ts are next to each other were at disadvantage. Do we indeed observe that sequences of Ts are less common then other molecules? Or is this effect just not big enough and the repair mechanisms good enough to combat it? Or maybe something else is going on?
+mina86 That's an excellent question. Just commenting so I get a notification if someone more knowledgeable answers.
+mina86 Unless the double T's allow for faster adaptation in targeted, non life critical, genes.
+mina86 Double T is needed to code for several amino acids and while some of them have alternative codes that don't require double T, phenylalanine can only be coded by TTT or TTC. So without double Ts in the DNA, it'd be impossible to include phenylalanine in any proteins, which would be pretty bad.
E Hernandez Isn't that fake sugar? I should point out I am a programmer who never payed attention in biology class, and never took organic chemistry in college :)
E Hernandez
I’m not suggesting there would be no double Ts in the DNA but rather that natural selection would favour genes which do not use double Ts.
You give an example of situation where TT is required but if there is some other adaptation which can be encoded using TT or not using TT, in light of the former being more fragile, I would expect the latter to be favoured.
Note that I have no idea how DNA actually encodes stuff. (I mean I am aware of the four letters and how T bounds to C and A bounds to G but nothing much besides that).
Excellent explanation.
I had no idea that tea was so vital to life on earth.
How do our body know which to cross out? is there some different between the clone or the original.
Thank you so much Professor Sir Poliakoff.
Awesome video subject. Once again you make science amazing.
I find it interesting that the body assumes that the "source" DNA is valid. What would happen if during mitosis, a base pair in the source DNA that had yet to be copied was damaged? Would the body recognize the error before it was copied, or would the body simply assume it was a valid base pair and copy it over?
I'm no expert in biology, but I would say think about your question in a sense that if the base pairs were NOT repaired before copying, we would die. So I think it's safe to assume that they are repaired before any copying occurs.
Could Professor Poliakoff please tell us a bit about his family history? I know he's said his family came from Russia and I'm interested to know a bit more about the Professor's ancestry and how much Russian he speaks as he did speak a bit of Russian in one of these videos.
I'm actually very interested to know more about all of the Professor's non-chemistry/non-academic aspects; i.e. taste in music, art, religious views, etc.
Ancestry DNA test?
Already watched that on TED-Ed.
Thank You. I have watched all your vids. Great work.
1:26 gosh his hair looks so fluffy
Awesome Explanation...
TED-ed has a great video of DNA-repair
I don't know what I was thinking but at the end I was watching the nobel prize medal and thought he dropped and trod on that
DNA auto correct, anyone?
+888SpinR Some kind of DAN evidence.
+888SpinR I'm pretty sure when DNA auto correct fails, we call that cancer.
+Sergei Kracyk Yep, pretty much. The cell goes trough some iterations in wich they basically grow, grow exponentially faster, replicate his dna, and then split (Mitosis), then there is an interface, and all ocurr again. This is of course in almost all the cells, there are special ones like Neurons or spermatogonias.
In the course of this cycle there are a few "safety checks" (called cycle checkpoints) where the cell checks all the dna and if it's all ok it proceeds, if it's not it goes into Apoptosis (which is a process of self destruction, organized self destruction). This "safety checks" are being done by certain types of proteins and as all proteins can and WILL be mutated sooner or later in extended periods of time. When this happens it could go toward a Cancer BUT, there are others methods to supress that as in membrane receptors that are not present in mutated cells and therefore there are not recognized by the inmunology system and get attacked, or they show some type of proteins that are recognized as malicious and also get attacked. It's overly simplificated, but in the scope of a comment in TH-cam i think it's okey.
Sorry for the bad english, i struggle with tecnic words.
PS: Medical Student going trough Embriology and DNA course.
molecular bio test tomorrow, and recombination/mismatch/excision repair systems are included. can i get a yEAH
👍👍
nice video, well inserted periodic video logo as well
I'm a smoker. What the prof. says about DNA damage from smoking is scary!
Lithium ion batteries won in 2019!
Still waiting for the DNA video.
Love the Prof. Any T shirts available?
Great video. Thanks
If there are only two sides, how does "it" know which side had the correct info?
Isn't U Uracyl, from RNA, used instead of Thmine ? Or is it another kind of molecule represented by U just for this purposes?
Alice. Thank you for explaining me that
I'm waiting for the episode about DNA. I would like to understand how it is copied. How it works in general.
It hasn't come yet.
Very nice professor!
Did I not see that right or his secretary named "D Mann"? Like she's "da man!"?
An interesting analogy, the computer has an infinite amount of letters.
Now I'd like to challenge this theory, I need a very fast computer that can display all 26 letters simultaneously to see if one letter runs out first.
Andrew Ballard
Built in obceleccaonce, it's been a problem ever since they invented the lightbulb and realised it lasted too many hours.
+Green Silver What do you mean by "infinite amount of letters"? Because it has very finite memory space, and processing power.
+Green Silver Interesting experiment, would the computer crash due to memory usage saving, maybe a graphics error, or the computer running out of RAM?
+Green Silver
a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
There all 26 are displayed simultaneously, now find out which runs out first. My suspicion is that they might all run out at once, that or the w looks pretty shady.
To be correct it should be dark green with a light green tee pot (not the violet) :D
How does it "know" which side is the damaged one? If you have A-C, how does it know if it should be A-T or G-C?
+Wood Croft Most DNA damage occurs during DNA replication, where a new complementary strand of DNA is synthesised from a template strand. There are specialised proteins in the cell which proof reads the synthesised DNA against the template DNA and if the bases doesn't match, they will coordinate repair proteins to fix it.
+Wood Croft A-T have 2 Hydrogen bonding sites between them, where as G-C have 3. My guess is that the repair protein looks for free H-bonding sites during it's proofreading phase and marks them to be fixed. Also, the mother DNA usually has a methylated marker
+Wood Croft Damage to DNA occurs in cytosines and turns that base into an U (from Uracil) base which is incompatible in DNA, thus being recognized as damage.
7:52 What happened to the screens behind the profeesor
ha! two of those people live in North Carolina... I'm in the same state! Too cool! Maybe I could try to talk to one of them... maybe...
DNA was realised under the influence of acid
Could somebody please tell me, where to get those molecular building sets that they have used for making the DNA structure? - I can't find them inside EU and I don't wanna double my costs in customs fees :/
+neovictorius Considering the dust I don't think they sell them anymore.
nvm I found some, after 3 hours of googling :)
What is the standing screen for??? I've seen it tons of times.
Very interesting, but I wonder why is it that mutations can still occur if this mechanism can correct them?
I like this topic. More!
Brady I have the Rocket Sheep t-shirt too!
+Zachary Kaplan but do you have one of these yet? www.bradyharanblog.com/blog/2015/10/2/numberphiles-first-t-shirt
+Periodic Videos Shameless plug, love it!
Very interesting
I am so in love with this video!
DNA is more delicious than I thought.
Mrs. D. Mann, luckiest secretary ever
I look forward to the announcement of element Poliakovium - first discovered in Sir Martyn's hair......... :)
LoL. Oops! Now it's a giant cancer cell!
If only I had been born a million years from now I may have evolved the ability to smoke and drink with impunity.
Sir
What is that enormous beautifully bound Russian book behind the professor's monitor?
I expected something about free radicals in the explanation, or am I thinking too far out of the box?
why isn't there a nobel prize for biology?
When is the dna video coming
Same question.
Who else caught the 2 Chainz references, the Prof has interesting taste in music.
Wasn't the lithium ion battery invented quite a while ago? Why would it be considered for a nobel prize in 2015?
It was awarded in 2019.
So I don't know enough about DNA yet but was the Nobel prize given to someone that discovered this or was it actually a process created?
Brady, you should create a channel for Biology! Us biologists feel left out!
True👍👍
i've been saying this forever.. if we want to really safeguard against mutations we need some kind of aggressive DNA transcriptase.
!!
thought it was a bunch of wraps
The coffee packets tho...
The 4 simple bases that make up all Brits dna: A, Tea, C, and G.
Ha! Flavia as dna model! We replaced ours with Nespresso...
So we have studies about the DNA repair now. The next step is to invent a DNA Spell Checker to repair all mutations of the DNA to prevent cancer and congenital dieseases. That will be a long and huge work, guys!
+Master Marko but if we repair some "mistakes" we as a human race would never mutate into other beings, and therefore we will never evolve
***** But thats way worse, that ruin the circle of life
+LordCookie001 Once you are at that stage of medicine/chemistry, guided evolution is not far off.
Indeed +1 !
+Master Marko If there were no mutations then humans would never have evolved
Here's a minor quibble: why do people call DNA "a molecule" when they don't say "hydrocarbon is a molecule". Of course, there are countless distinct hydrocarbons -- and in the same way, there are countless distinct DNA molecules. DNA is a CLASS of molecules, not a specific structure itself.
Ranieri Castelar
Well, for fairly short hyrdrocarbons, sure. Aside from what might be done carefully in a lab, though, whenever you deal with hydrocarbons, you really have a mixture, and the same is true of DNA. You would never try to give the IUPAC name of "gasoline" because there's no such thing.
Ranieri Castelar Maybe a better example would be molecules of protein. We would say "**a** protein molecule" but "**the** DNA molecule".
Maybe it's because the physical (and probably the chemical) properties of DNA depend only weakly on the precise nucleic acids and their sequence, whereas the physical and chemical properties of proteins depend strongly on which amino acids are used and how they are connected?
Ranieri Castelar
"The DNA"? An individual chromosome is a gigantic molecule, but my X chromosome is different from my Y chromosome, for example. Neither is a Platonic ideal that deserves the article "the".
As for plastic, sure: we say "plastics" to distinguish chemically distinct macromolecules.
You really need a biology channel, though, Brady.
Yes😀
Biology and Chemistry swapped places or combined- Biochemistry?
THERE'S A RUBIK'S CUBE ON HIS DESKKKKKK
Immortality?
Brady we need a new channel! Biological videos! I noticed you have maths and sciences except biology! nothing interesting there?
Greetings from Germany
Yes!!
I had this in mind from long time.
Though this was a nice explanation by Prof himself.