Learning vs acquiring: How learning grammar can change everything
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 10 ก.พ. 2025
- Learning vs acquiring: How learning grammar can change everything
Stephen Krashen, a renowned linguist and educational researcher, developed several hypotheses related to second language acquisition. His theories emphasize the importance of comprehensible input and natural language acquisition over explicit grammar instruction. However, learning grammar can still play a role in language learning. Below is an overview of Krashen’s hypotheses and how learning grammar may complement his theories:
Krashen’s Hypotheses
1. The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis
Krashen distinguishes between acquisition (a subconscious process similar to how children learn their first language) and learning (a conscious process that involves studying grammar rules).
He argues that acquisition is the primary way people become fluent, while learning has a limited role.
2. The Natural Order Hypothesis
Learners acquire grammatical structures in a predictable order, regardless of explicit instruction.
Some grammar points are acquired earlier, while others come later.
3. The Monitor Hypothesis
Conscious learning (such as studying grammar rules) acts as a "monitor" or editor.
Learners use grammar knowledge to refine their speech or writing when they have time to do so, but it does not drive fluency.
4. The Input Hypothesis
Language acquisition occurs when learners receive comprehensible input-language that is slightly beyond their current level.
Instead of focusing on grammar, learners should be exposed to meaningful language in context.
5. The Affective Filter Hypothesis
Emotions such as anxiety, motivation, and confidence affect language acquisition.
Stressful environments that focus too much on grammar rules can hinder learning.
The Role of Learning Grammar in Language Acquisition
Although Krashen downplays the role of explicit grammar instruction, it can still be beneficial in certain ways:
Enhances accuracy - While grammar alone does not lead to fluency, it helps learners refine their speech and writing.
Supports writing skills - In academic and professional settings, formal grammar knowledge is often required.
Aids in understanding complex structures - Some advanced grammatical concepts are difficult to acquire naturally, so explicit instruction can clarify them.
Boosts confidence - Some learners feel more comfortable speaking when they understand grammatical rules.
Balancing Krashen’s Approach with Grammar Learning
Prioritize comprehensible input - Exposure to real-life conversations, books, and media should be the main focus.
Use grammar as a tool, not a goal - Grammar should support communication rather than be the main focus.
Encourage meaningful communication - Instead of memorizing rules, learners should apply grammar naturally through speaking and writing.
In summary, Krashen's hypotheses suggest that natural acquisition through exposure is key to fluency, but explicit grammar learning can still support accuracy and confidence in language learners. The best approach is a balance between meaningful input and occasional grammar study.
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Jarno, thank you so much for this channel and keeping up with these videos. I know it's annoying but a suggestion that would be very helpful- having both the Suomi and English translation on-screen while you are talking adds a very important element when trying to learn/understand the grammar structures and colloquialisms/spoken idiosyncrasies.
Jos tarvi sulle, pitää kantaa itse
@@sak4244 It's not really that it's needed but online translators are often wrong. It just is more efficient and quite valuable for beginners because you can simultaneously focus on the sounds and the grammar, especially how the sentence structures relate to English. Most of his videos are titled in English so I assume he's directing them at English speakers.
No niin, lisää työtä! Haha! Thanks for your feedback.
So apparently there's research that indicates having subtitles in your own language is actually counterproductive to language acquisition. Now, I don't think they tested dual subtitles, only in one language at a time, but I feel like you'd automatically focus on the language you already know if you had both on-screen at once :/
(Having said that, it sure would be nice if YT allowed turning on several subtitles at a time, so we could pick whichever combination we want.)
ei oo kyllä suomessa puhuttu yhtään kielenopetuksen kohdalla tästä Krashenin menetelmästä!. mikä itseasiassa on varsin kummallista