Liquid-Liquid Extraction
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 2 ต.ค. 2022
- Separation techniques are important in chemistry, and they won't always be as easy as filtration. Sometimes we need to separate two compounds that are dissolved in the same solution. Often we can take advantage of a difference in solubility or reactivity to perform an extraction. This is where one component is pulled into another solvent that is immiscible with the first, and we can separate the two layers using a separatory funnel. There is a lot to learn to do this efficiently, so let's get a closer look at how to perform this technique!
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I remember doing liquid-liquid extraction. Our teacher explained how it worked, then, we had a lab to put that in practice. He told us to use the second liquid in three parts. I instead divided my liquid into six parts, and stated that clearly in my report and exactly why I did it. My yield was significantly higher than that of the others to nearly 90% compared to the 65 to 75% that they had.
Did the teacher give you extra points for that? If not, they should have.
@@AkkaOniVA I don't remember. That was about 40 years go...
@@Kualinar Oh wow, scuse me for asking then. That's really cool though!
I swear reading people's successes makes me feel so good
As a long time fan of NileRed, it's cool to learn the more technical aspects of what he's doing. Like this is the textbook portion of the class while he's the demo portion.
I am here for Dr Jamal Muhoza!!! well done. Mamello
I did this extraction recently during my organic chemistry lab... I separate ternary mixture using this technique... Firstly, I dissolved my mixture in ether... Then, the ether insoluble part settles down and ether soluble part dissolved completely in it (two compounds)... After that, I added small amount of sodium bicarbonate in it and there was a precipitate formation... Then, I transferred that solution in separating funnel and there was a formation of two layer... Finally I separated the all three compounds that were present in that mixture...
Really, this was a really helpful technique...
This is just the video I needed right now, thanks!
Kinda fun to be listening to this while writing up validation documentation for Capillary Electrophoresis and HPLC instruments.
Another interesting lesson, Dave! Thanks for identifying the compounds this time! I think it adds to the completeness of the video!
Great job mate
I love this channel,I never questioned your explanation
That's beginning of blind faith. Trust is one thing but blind faith is dangerous.
You can trust what he says but you should always question what he says
"Trust, but verify" buddy!
@@burgruk chill guys am not that dumb 🤦
this is great, thanks so much
Thank you Prof Dave!
In what the extraction in this video is different from cromatography?
Does the way that you hold the separatory funnel while mixing impact the extraction efficiency?
I worked as a development chemist and there are some real-world problems that come along with liquid-liquid extractions, some of which can become a serious problem on large scale (12 L - 10,000+ L). Anything bigger than 5 L is too big to shake by hand so you must use an impeller (basically an overhead motor with a long blade to whip the stuff). Emulsions can form which sometimes take hours or even days to break; gentle agitation sometimes helps with that. Sometimes we add salt (NaCl) to the aqueous phase to either help break emulsions or reduce the solubility of organics, especially if the solvent has appreciable water solubility, like ether or ethyl acetate.
Btw ethyl acetate remains in wide use in academia, but I promise you- isopropyl acetate is much better behaved in every way. Start using it.
Reminds me of what happened to Cecil Kelley. They had a vat of sub-critical plutonium in an aqueous solution that had been sitting for a while, so a lot of the more radioactive material had risen to the surface. When he turned on the impeller, it formed a vortex on the surface, pulling all of that radioactive material down to bottom of said vortex where it reached criticality and absolutely blasted the poor guy with a shitload of radiation.
(Yes, Kyle Hill etc. Love me some science Thor.)
This series is about LAB techniques, not about pilot or production plants.
@@galileog8945 I'm aware of that. I just wanted to put it out there that this technique as described has some limitations. Emulsions can be a serious problem at any scale
@@BradSchmor I remember when I had organic chemistry class some of us managed to make an emulsion doing this and lost several hours waiting for it to fix itself.. Sucked to see the others go, luckily mine wasn't too bad
Professor Dave for president
thank you .I wished explain all methods to purification organic compounds
Thanks professor
Thank you very much..🔥👍
holy cow, I didn't think a forge would be a liquid-liquid extraction, crazy
Fisher aka God of Chem Lab
A life saver
I would say a great separation technique alternative to energy intensive distillation processes, or at least a great initial step for separations to save on energy costs
Sir i have a question? If we simply add benzoin acid in water and extracted in organic layer? Does it work? Or we require methoxy naphthalene?
What is the website or tool you use for video
So with Vaccum filtration of benzoic acid we get NACL on the filter and a liquid which is Benzoic acid ?
I always wondered how the two layers are perfectly separated, I thought you just poured out a tiny bit after the first layer was dumped, I didn't know the stop cock actually held that fine line between the layers.
Right! This makes chemistry teeny bit unreliable. This is what I always think like hey how do I add hydrogen ion to a molecule and only to that portion not any other. It pans out that it is about snatching-and-obtaning-one-atom-from-the-other kind of business. And that is why Physics rules Chemistry!
Not a chemistry student, and damn I want to try and see these steps for myself. (I used to be in a science-focus high school curriculum)
Instead of methoxy naphthalene which compound can be added?
Reminds me of how I would helps organic I students as a TA
Decantação
usa misturas de líquidos-líquidos e usa as propriedades da solubilidade
geralmente adicionamos um novo solvente à mistura que só se mistura a um dos dois componentes para separar as camadas
usamos um funil de decantação
a camada inferior é o componente mais denso, enquanto a superior é o componente menos denso
misturamos com movimentos suaves (desenhando um 8 deitado no ar com o funil de decantação) tendo certeza que está bem tampado (coloque a mão na tampa e não aponte o funil para ninguém)
For all your chemical needs??!! I am happy its a scientist saying this not some random dude on the street
So true
You need a business address
Hello Pr, i need a reference articles of this video please
why remove the organic layer only to put it right back in?
Is that actually an alternative to Sigma A-holes?
Lifesaver
Why are these videos so riveting?
How do you separate 95% ethanol from flavor/smell terpenes? They're pulled out of solution during the solvent reclamation phase of a whole extraction for the purposes of Rick Simpson oil. Asking for a friend 🙃
Whats the ESG score of this series?
Good dude
I'm a pharmacist so useful for me
Interesting
Thanks! What solvent do we use to separate trialkylamine and dibromoalkane from the product salt?
I've tried with DCM but it gets dissolved fully and no two layers are formed for separation.
What are they dissolved in currently? Or are these dry salts
u can try a two phase system like water and diethyl ether or something. trialkylamines are mostly pretty water soluble, the dibromoalkane shouldnt be most of the time
@@borttorbbq2556 they are dissolved in acetonitrile
@@Noldor97 will water not dissolve my product as well?
DCM (and chloroform) is notorious for extracting amine hydrochlorides from aqueous phases when you don't want it to. I'm not entirely clear as to why this is (perhaps the ammonium having almost like a hydrogen bond to the DCM chlorine atoms?). You're probably better off with isopropyl acetate or MTBE.
Hello.
What if you want the lighter layer? the one that stays on top.
And the bottom layer is greasy, stays on the walls and contaminate a little bit the top layer.
Normaly i transfer to a graduated cylinder and use a pimpette, is there a better or easyer way?
I would use a pipette to pipette the upper layer out :)
thx
You should never evaporate organic solvent outside of a fume hood because many of those are quite flammable.
In a pinch I've seen people use the Gatorade sport-cap (twisty spout thing) and bottle, turned upside down, as a sep funnel. But I don't recommend it.
wow great
Disabling my myu account helped me focus on teaching my k state students.
Good
Finally, synthetic watermelon
Would molecular sieves work for this purpose or would they not be selective enough
I know that you can use molecular sieves to dry ethanol and other alcohols but I don't know how much use they have outside of that
I meant for drying the separated product
Molecular sieves are used to remove small quantities of residual water from a solvent.
Jane wissinger engineered it based on my ochem lab technique
liquid or gel
if you mixed liquid nitrogen (edit/hydrogen) and liquid oxigen would you get liquid water? :D
No nitrogen and oxygen will not produce water
@@borttorbbq2556 what about two parts of liquid oxygen? :D
@@DeconvertedMan it would be more likely to produce nitrogen dioxide
@@DeconvertedMan not dihydrogen monoxide
@@DeconvertedMan I don't really know the chemistry of liquid elements when it comes to gases but I mean I would presume the chemistry would still happen or at least would happen at like the surface or something but either way in order to produce water you need hydrogen not nitrogen
Funny
Just today our teacher showed us that
I haven't watched the video yet, but Nernst? :D
Hey Dave, does it ever bother you that your "controversy/drama" content is viewed exponentially more than your tutorials?
Kinda. But whatever, that content also serves a purpose.
@@ProfessorDaveExplains so with your series on organic chemistry and your series on regular chemistry which should I watch first
@@ProfessorDaveExplains I'm planning on listening to both but I just don't know which one I should start with
General first then organic.
@@ProfessorDaveExplains okay thank you Dave
liquids for erasing small capillaries called spider veins
W/black Dave
👍🏻👍🏻👍🏻
Cheers😅
Dude that’s literally my lab tmrw😅😂😆
0:59
❤️👍
Extract caffeine from caffeine pills and then put it into capsules (500 mg) :D
4th comment
Advertising thermo-fisher and 'using' a brown skinned student is literally a scam. Thermofisher is famous for its racist attitude when it comes to staffing.
He’s a chemist with a doctorate, and I don’t know what you’re talking about.