The Physics of Life: How Water Folds Proteins - with Sylvia McLain
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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 14 พ.ค. 2024
- Sorry about the audio problems for the first 30 seconds or so - stick with it, it levels out soon.
Proteins are arguably the most important biological components in any living creature but only now are we beginning to look into the role water plays in their folding.
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From its effect on protein folding to its work as a universal solvent, the unique properties of water make it an indispensable ingredient for life. In this Discourse, Sylvia McLain will explore the fundamental and mysterious role of water in life.
Sylvia McLain is a Research Lecturer in the University of Oxford's Department of Biochemistry. She investigates the role of water in protein folding and life.
This Discourse was filmed in the Ri on Friday 25 February 2017.
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Best presentation on proteins I've ever seen. Professor Sylvia is a genius and I hope that hydryophobic theory proves true, and she wins a Nobel prize.
I could only get through one minute before pausing and doing a search on Dr. McClain's nation of birth. Her accent is such an amalgamation and hard to pin down. Ah, she is from Appalachia in the US but has been living in the UK for a long time. Now I can watch the rest of the presentation.
Appalachia ! That's way she's só cool ... unpretentious, genious.
Kept swinging between southern American and Ireland for me, I assumed she was an Irish transplant in the US!
I knew it! I just got done making a comment of how her accent sounded american with a minor tinge of british!
I did a search too because I felt like she looks like a lefty activist. Turns out she is one.
"Recently, I have worked as a consultant to develop methodology to rate organisations on their practices in diversity, accountability and transparency."
Lol
This is a talk that I will be coming back to again and again because it is full of so much information. P.S. please don't cut out the Q & A next time. That's where the learning continues.
Another brilliant presentation, but I have an major pet peeve with how RI captures/records them (and I'm not talking about the minor audio glitch at the start of this particular video). It is VERY frustrating when you cut to a slide upon which a lecturer is pointing something out, but with no clue of where it is they are shining their laser. It surely cannot be that hard to find a way to indicate on the slide what they are highlighting... maybe by even just capturing what is being projected up on the large screen rather than cutting to a view of the slide... you are already employing multiple camera angles, how about just adding another one (or changing an existing one)?
Or the presenter can consider that and make it clear with words what to look at "in the upper right corner you see... "
Even simple when it is numbered anyway. And she mostly does that. But not that big a deal. Ususally you can just figure it out.
Amazing lecture! DNA, proteins, biology, particle accelerators- all in one
So interesting. Thanks for sharing your knowledge!
It was a minor point of a brilliant talk, but that "actin" in the video was actually a kinesin, responsible for carrying vesicles along the microtubules, and not contracting muscles.
💁ℹ you are indeed correct, the animation early on is demonstrating Kinesin ratcheting along an intracellular microtubule (and not an animation of Actin) but we won't begrudge her this discrepancy because she didn't explicitly claim that was actin per se, and for the purposes of demonstrating her point with regard to structure, function, and mechanism, the kinesin/microtubule and myosin/actin models are sufficiently analogous (basically just different size-scale versions of each other)
I was just getting ready to point that out. I'll bet our pipe cleaners are folded alike too.
I scrolled down to comment on this. Thanks for doing it for me.
Fascinating lecture
I am interested in science and I actually learnt from this.
There are things I am now interested in researching for myself.
Something that needs to be watched a couple of times to grasp some key ideas - the mediation of the hydronium gets a little swallowed as she describes the process and I had to go back to understand its role.
This is what all science should be like - honest, warts and all but most of all credible.
The way Dr. Sylvia McLain organizes her thoughts and ideas here and then shares these with spoken communication reveals a deep intellect, which to me is reminiscent of that which was often demonstrated by Prof. Richard Feynman. I watch a lot of videos on science and physics, and this is an exemplary discussion! - j q t -
Did you just put your initials at the end of your comment on a website that is structured in such a way that it puts your name above your comments for you?
One of my favorite channels
What a character! I love this woman.
yeah im ten minutes in...
if there was teachers like this I would have gone to school
She's married
Don't be offended
Very enjoyable. Great to hear and see another real scientist, not con artist. Sylvia McLain, well done, you are familiar with your subject. and refreshingly honest. thank you.
RI, get somebody to clean those lenses. it is high definition now, not smoked filled hall. MG1
Ted talks rarely have real old fashioned scientists.
Extraordinarily interesting lecture leaving me with a new understanding of the requirement for H2O in our search for extraterrestrial life.
But why search for "extraterrestrial life"? There is more than enough life right here and there is so, so much more that needs to be learned. Please, stop wasting your wonderful brainpower on such a useless endeavor and apply it to things here on Earth that actually matter. Thank you.
I imagine there are plenty of other ways for life. It just happens that the life on Earth requires water. Maybe some other planet which started off with a different set of initial conditions could develop life is an entirely different way which is unimaginable to man.
That was most interesting to say the least. Thanks!
Great presentation
Would love to hear the Q and A segment of this lecture.
Well this one went right over my head!
That was an interesting one. It went from a fairly regular recitement of common facts to an absolute wealth of information on the combinatory and computational methods involved in this research, and did so pretty quickly.
Would you point out for me when she discusses the combinatory methods. I can't seem to find it in the video and I'm really interested in that. Thanks :)
8:15
The pedant in me has to point out that there is a 21st amino acid in eukaryotes, selenocysteine. It is cysteine with the sulfur substituted for a selenium atom. It is not part of the standard genetic code, but is implemented by a modification of the tRNA corresponding to the UGA codon, which normally codes for STOP. It doesn't really matter for this talk, but it's still cool, because this type of modification is a biological example of an implementation of the extended genetic code now starting to be used in recombinant proteins for treating diabetes and other diseases.
I will second that comment.
Selenocysteine (Sec) and pyrrolysine (Pyl) are rare amino acids that are cotranslationally inserted into proteins and known as the 21st and 22nd amino acids in the genetic code. Sec and Pyl are encoded by UGA and UAG codons, respectively, which normally serve as stop signals.
Thank you so much Royal Institution, greetings from Molecular Biology, environment and Cancer Research Group (Bimac), Universidad del Cauca, Colombia.
While it seemed Dionysus was influencing this presentation the most astonishing thought was.....Discovering the Periodic table of bio-chemistry...AMAZING!
Very interesting lecture and very interesting research wish the team the best.
Just a small point. In the figure containing 20 types of proteins, two of these figures (top right corner) the basic sub-structure of the protein have H rather than OH .. is it a typo.
Thank u all very much
This is great
Excellent
That was cool.
this is an awesome thanks for the nuclear physics lesson
In another video, (Proteins and Particle Reactors), you mentioned the applications to creating better medicines that would be more efficient when used [given certain circumstances]. How might this work? I am doing a Google Science Fair project on the topic of creating better medicines and thought this was an interesting point.
Proteomics = SUPER COOL!
Amazing presentation.
Maybe one of the best on the channel, hiding under a rater modest title.
I am a Damien Hirst enthusiast from Tennessee on Cocaine and I approve this message.
Great lecture. I always end up feeling amazed and enriched in equal measure, thank you. I should point out I’m a layman who’s interested, not a scientist
1) Can drugs and medications pollute water in a body and decrease ability of water to fold proteins correctly?
2) Is it possible that water have some undiscovered anomaly that allows it to fold proteins?
What she is describing is the formation of hydrogen bonds, which is what is actually seen in the neutron difffraction, about 3 Angstroms.
Incredible, frequency could change wave patterns by frequency in water to change or facilitate protein folding.
Excellent presentation! Is Prof. McLain proposing adding hydrophobic and hydrophilic strengths to the twenty amino acids? Or is this work has been done?
I feel another Perpetual motion machine comming on!
The folding process only requires certain atoms to be positioned locally to move themselves without an external power source.
Of course you still need energy, all life needs energy!
The protein folds and becomes like a string, but it also has intense surface tension so the amount of energy you would get out of it by unfolding would be the same amount used to pull it into another medium to unfold it anyway. So you would just be breaking even.
you can't make energy from nothing. Even motor proteins are consuming ATP which is just blood sugar
The animation she showed at 12:24 isn't muscle contraction. It's transport of intracellular vesicles using the cytoskeleton.
Apart from a very good description of how science should work.. it was most significant that she described how entropy works as a measure of disorder.. correctly. If only the rest of science would do the same.. [Cosmology - ball of H2 cannot form a star under gravity].. [Biology - Nature cannot form a living cell (abiogenesis)].. for same reason they require a large average decrease in entropy.
Very good video, thank you. For the entropy aspect: we can surely say that a protein folding decreases its entropy due to becoming more ordered and compact. However, for a protein in aqueous solution, I understood that folding is actually increasing the entropy of the surrounding water (compared to unfolded protein) due to the smaller surface of the protein where hydrophobic interactions with water (= ordered cages of water molecules) can occur. Is that correct?
yes! I study this in my degree and that is completely correct :)
real science :) I love it :)
I wish she had slipped the charts and just kept talking. Very fascinating subject.
The video is great thanks!!
Still I have some doubts... may have just missed them:
-Its sounds like not only the water is able to fold proteins, It is that right? May some other substances fold the proteins in other degrees of freedom.
-Also sounds that some other factors may help, allow, facilitated or even force the proteins to folds, may be pH?, Electric or Magnetic Fields? Radiation? Temperature?... sound waves?
-Also sounds like the chemical properties of the proteins changes in presence of water between they are folded or not, It's that right?
-Also wondering if the UV fluorescence in some proteins may changes when they are folded by water.
hey :) i study biochem at uni,
I was looking for a comment like yours because water interacting with proteins is only one type of folding interaction in proteins, they have disulfide bonds (with S or M amino acids), electrostatic interactions (ie some amino acid side chains form positive and negative charges so attract to each other) and of course vanderwhalls. Other proteins can fold them in the ER if they have a signal tag to get them there, and the pH in different cellular environments affect folding, (temp is usually constant but when it's too hot folding bonds break and the protein becomes "denatured", which is why its important for the body to not go over a certain temp) if things are misfolded there is a meticulous system of "chaperone proteins" which lead them to be degraded. Protein properties massively change due to folding, compare separate parts of a clock with a working one, as for chemical properties folding allows proteins to act as catalysts and substrates for reactions they wouldn't otherwise be substrates for if unfolded, but very generally, the atoms would be the same but the arrangement, chirality and electron availability changes after folding.
biofluorescence is something I am super interested in especially GFP, the way it works is it is can be tagged onto the protein (it is a protein itself), the fluorescence itself doesn't change any folding as it is thought to be a reaction occurring within the 3 amino acid chromophore of GFP (which is inside a barrel so wouldn't affect the target protein), but the GFP being wedged in the target could affect folding, which is why it is good that its small but it isn't perfect.
@@laurenfinney5390 Thank you very much for your comments!
@@CarlosDuarte2007 you are very welcome!
Sylvia must have the most 'global' English accent i have ever heard :-) Fascinating ! So, if i have this right.. dna connects the bits (amino acids et.)in the right order to produce a protein and then water folds the protein into the shape necessary for it to function.
I would have guessed Australian by the accent!
ericsbuds she mentions Tennessee during the lecture but, yes i hear a little antipodean twang too ;-)
ericsbuds no she's not Australian sounds more American
DNA acts like a string of information. It's a string of molecules just like proteins but different from the 20 she showed you. Those are amino acids. DNA is made of another class of molecules called nucleotides (N in DNA stands for nucleic, nothing to do with the atomic nucleus, just 'cause DNA is found in the nucleus of a cell). Anyway, so there are only 4 nucleic acids. This means if you have a DNA string that's made up of 100 nucleotides then there are 4^100 possible combinations possible (just like the 20^100 she did there with proteins).
This 'sequence' of nucleotides are used as a 'code' for make proteins out of. Sort of a blueprint. The DNA sequence is 'read' by other proteins and eventually converted into a string of amino acids using free amino acids floating about in the cell. DNA remains intact but is used as a 'template' to make the proteins. It's like a thin strip of morse code comes out of a telegraph and then you use that to write down a novel in words. The morse code still exists but you make thousands of books out of it. You 'translate' the morse code into English.
The logistics are: 3 nucleotides at a time in a DNA string 'codes' for one amino acid. You have 4 types of nucleotides so can make 4^3 = 64 different amino acids. Only 20 exist so a lot of the 'triplets' are 'redundant'.
Hope that explains. Very difficult to explain not using jargon but that's what every scientist should strive for. All this I wrote can be supplemented by a 2 minute long animation. Videos a worth a thousand...
She's a native Tennesseean but she has lived around the world. She is wearing what looks like a wedding ring so I'll assume that her spouse is Australian which be the reason why she pronounces some words like an Aussie. I once worked closely with a Texan and ended up pronouncing some words like Texans do even a few years after. Some people are just auditory sponges and mimics.
The most right vertical column of small figures of different proteins. The second and third small figures down have 'H' rather than 'OH' links different to all the other small figures. Is this a typo?
It was.
Wow!
Wonderful exposition as heard from a non scientist
one of the most unique accents ever
nice video, but we should stop saying Microscopic Level when it's a NANOSCOPiC one actually (a water molecule stretches in few tens of a nanometer)
Dont you also need an electric charge to "activate" Amino acids?
a royal institution doesn't even clean their camera off
It's an old camera...
Chemistry is sort of the ragged border between atoms being rugged individuals and team players. Chemistry deals with systems composed of many different parts; there is rarely a dominant behavior. You either love the struggle of the ambiguity or you get really frustrated.
One would think that it's actually the water doing all those intricate protein folds at such dizzying & blinding speeds...
i am pretty sure some gym goers will watch this because they saw "protein" in title
Got me
I love the quality of the trolls on this page. This is some slightly more intelligent trolling than most of youtube.
Me 2.
@@QASIMARA Me2
😂😂🤣🤣 absolutely!!!!!
Can RI call Dr Jim Bagott - an optimal professor - to speach this lecture despite being about proteins ? ( Didactics are RI 's trademark , since its beginnings ).
I don't want to be a smart-ass but around 12:20 where she talks about muscle-contraction, isn't it actually the interior of a cell where motor-protein is "walking" along a micro-tubuli?
th-cam.com/video/y-uuk4Pr2i8/w-d-xo.html
It's different from the muscle-contraction.
Was a bit confused with this part but none the less it's still a good talk imo.
Can we simulate water molecules and protein bumping into water molecules to have 100% accurate prediction of protein folding instead of using 90% accurate AI Alphafold?
"And this is real data"
Proper units in the graphs are missing.
What if something simple as a lack of water was a causal factor in ALS, parkinsom, and Alzhiemer
At the 11:50 mark, she incorrectly asserts that lactic acid is the cause of muscle soreness. . . www.cyclingnews.com/features/lactate-and-lactic-acid-dispelling-the-myths/
That link is the most simplified read, further understanding of bioenergetics will better elucidate the myth and hopefully allow otherwise brilliant individuals to undergo not expressing (complex systems) ignorant examples that become untrue when oversimplified i.e., "calories in, calories out" or "carbohydrate is the preferred fuel" for humans. There are a lot more examples but it's beginning to look more of a rant than what I had in mind. Sorry
"Just add water and you get life". That's like saying "just add electricity and you get an iPhone", skips a LOT of technical and required details.
TechyBen I think you might be missing the point of the lecture. It is fantastic for some of us who are not scientists to have topics explained to us this way. I am pretty sure there are very technical, advanced lectures for the professor, doctor level people.
Oh, that is fine. But as said. Someone claiming "Just add electricity and you get an iPhone" is not teaching... it's a dangerous claim. Better to say "electricity is vital for computers" or similar. Likewise "water is vital for protein folding".
Water, salts, other food stuff, some heat. Oxygen, carbon etc. Oh, and of cause the Sea Monkeys in the first place. ;)
(PS, there is food hidden in the packets that dissolves in the water)
So...just add water?
Think about it this way: Take away water and you inhibit life. So goes it for pickles, jams, dried fruits, jerkies and powdered consumables which cannot sustain microbial growth (and therefore saved from spoilage).
This calls for a drink!
Water has been detected multiple time on other exoplanets, as weel as even in our solar system both planets and moons.. Water is everywhere..
If you are interested in protein folding check out the game fold.it
That wide-angle lens needs to be cleaned so badly
That was an "okay " talk "right" ?
A little correction... Hemoglobin dont fall apparte in sickle cell anemia... That is it does not unfold and aggregate... In fact it polymerize into long chains... In its folded structure... Much like microtubules or actin do...
Thank you...
She has a unique accent. Southern US combined with British?
Love the foggy camera. How water dogs cameras
What is her accent? It's mostly Southern US, maybe Kentucky, and part English.
Looked her up, she went to university in Tennessee (edit: she mentioned not being in Tennessee anymore later in the lecture lol)
Sounds like someone who grew up in the rural Southern US, then spent a long time in the UK
Okay i listened 2 x ..An am I wrong Sumizing That in Essance what ur saying is DrinkBeer! .. ie ethanol an cool additives.. ???. and TheMissingLink?. GreatLecture .. I LoveTheCrazyAccent an ClevverPosturing.. Sylvia McLain .. U FreekingNAILED IT.
20^{100} cant have a 1 as first diget...
Happy water?!
Why did I giggle at 23:22 when the company logo literally says ISIS on it? Like she was just talking about nuclear reactors and then you just see "ISIS" and it's like "I think I'll pass."
Just like the Egyptian goddess Isis and the river Isis, the name for the ISIS Neutron and Muon source predates the terror group. And now it's all just rather unfortunate.
This woman is my new spirit animal.
I want to consume mass quantities of ethanol in the West End with her before I die.
The number on the screen only had 39 zeros, which is much less than the 100 zeros 20^100 should have. Am I missing something?
Benjamin Cronce 10 duodecillion=10e39. ...search....the....internet...
"..., right?"
I found myself saying, "Say right again, mf'er. I double dare you! Say right one more time!"
I'm a Ph. D.. I only say that to suggest that I have heard a lot of lectures, taken a lot of tests, gotten a lot of grades. After watching this, learning utterly NOTHING, trying to imagine how anyone could even ask an exam question coming from this, and having certainty that no one could answer anything based on what was blabbered thru here...I wonder, how in the name of anything coherent do biologists EVER get thru school.
Thank you...I can't agree more. As far as I'm concerned, there is no new insight described here.
10:12
"So we have an 100 amino acid protein, you have 20 options at each position, one position doesn't presuppose another position (it's completely random), you end up with that number [20^100] of different options, OK? And that number turns out to be . . . . (Does anybody know? Off the top of your head? Many, many zeroes?) Ten duodecillion."
Except 20^100 is not even close to "ten duodecilion," which is 10^40 by definition. Obviously 20^100 >> 10^40. I think Dr. McLain made an error here. 20^100 in fact is 1.27 * 10^130, or 12.7 duoquattuordecillion (or 12.7 duoquadragintillion, or whatever you call it, because there is no standard name for such large numbers, but it's still way bigger than ten duodecillion).
Don't you just love when Americans speak with an affected English accent
You hate us cause you aint us
she's got some serious muscular arms
Ramble on.
My life is very interesting. I was thinking this morning, how could Hawking be atheist and know that information is stored on the surface of a black hole and the reasoning behind it and how could Einstein not believe in a personal God but know that everything physical is an illusion and that space time is curved. Then I thought, many people think that gravity curves space time locally and are not aware that the local curvature is a microcosm of the Universal curvature. I started thinking how the Universal curvature appears flat locally because the universe is so large, like a hurricane appears to be flat on a flat surface when standing on the Earth but actually moves on the surface of a sphere among many other vortices of many configurations, high pressure, low pressure, supercells, tornadoes, eddies,... I thought about how the Milky Way would look exactly as a hurricane on the sphere of the Earth if we could observe the Universe from outside of it. I used to wonder, why does the macrocosm (large) appear to me to be arranged so differently than the microcosm (small), if the Universe is actually a chrystallic fractile, which sounds terribly impersonal but I don't believe it is at all impersonal? I think it's because I have considered the large too closely and have accepted the expressed opinion of many scientists that the electron is a particle. I have lately began to think that maybe the atom is organized exactly as the oceans within the Earth and the ocean that lies upon the Earth, the ocean of air above and the ocean of space it bleeds into. It seems to me, of late, that all the "oceans" bleed into the next and each into a single ocean and I do now, in this moment, believe that the Universe behaves exactly as a fluid at all levels. Water has many unique qualities, such as conductivity of heat and light, it has no give, sharks smell blood at a distance almost instantly miles away, our bodies have the same percentage as the Earth, the heart produces a cavitation that vibrates throughout the body and is transferred to the spinal fluid up the 33 steps of the spine to the brain, our cells are little groupings of proteins suspended in a vast ocean. DNA has the spiral attribute of a tornado or the center of a hurricane. It's the center of the nucleus that holds all cells together, from the atom to the Galactic center, all vortices have a center and it is this center that is the actual ocean and each center leads to the entire ocean, the pull of the atomic center is equal to that of the Galactic center as both are absolute in their control of all that appears around them and both are but portals into the same ocean. I'm going to try to finish a model of the Universe that I feel can help to illustrate my view and try to make a video that can explain what I'm trying to convey because I know that it is difficult to understand without visuals. I've been saying that for a while though, I think it might be the fear of someone convincing me that I don't know what I'm talking about because I don't understand the formulas very well. I'm sure that I don't have it exactly right and my ideas are very incomplete but these ideas give me peace and the ideas offered to replace them do not. No one is immune to cognitive dissonance and there is no such thing as proof in this reality but we do the best we can. Anyone hearing, "Where the streets have no name" in your head? :)
I'll take an eighth of those shrooms pls...
if traci ulman was a teacher? Anyway, good job.
What a strange accent. Sounds like a mix of Australian and American. Mostly American. Nobody does "r" like we do, and she's nailed it.
@krelfurnace A commenter by the name of Brent Walker posted the following 2 months ago (5 months after your post):
I could only get through one minute before pausing and doing a search on Dr. McClain's nation of birth. Her accent is such an amalgamation and hard to pin down. Ah, she is from Appalachia in the US but has been living in the UK for a long time. Now I can watch the rest of the presentation.
You nailed the Appalachian background!
@krelfurnace It sounds like you have a background in linguistics.
It seems amazing that you can detect reduplication in a foreign language that's flying by at native-speaker speed! Unless it occurs at a very high frequency. I live in New York, and I like to ask people where they're from or what language they're speaking, if I don't recognize it. So far, no Easter Islanders!
DNA is information.Information only comes from an intelligent mind if you dont like this thats ok.
Thanks. Next time please give as much attention to your microphone prep as your synchrotron prep.
I hate proteins and I hate DNA for not being perfect. One single mutation and my daughter is sentenced with a life with Rett's syndrome. And I can't do anything about it. A century or more worth of science and no help. Yep many lives might have been saved because of all that knowledge. But the one life, in the whole world that matters the most to me, is doomed. I love these videos, but every time I hear the words DNA and protein, it makes me sad. 😢
Sorry about that.
Fix her DNA
@@RJay121 yep lot of research groups are working on that. Hope they come up with a cure, soon.
at 20.13 it is interference and not diffraction , mam !
It's ma'am not mam, dude...
Too much info squeezed in a too much ch technical pattern and at the end I will not remember any or use any of it!!!
H-O-H ether
H+(OH)- salt
Salty oily Anodes... yet
3N2 + O3-1 = 3N2O
A Royal Institute obsessed with a toy from the 70's. We are finished .
We are going backwards.
At this rate , well be fighting dinosaurs next week.
4:33 electrons rotate in the atom. It's all you need to know about this physicist.
God created water for life. Everything about water is for life even down to the subatomic properties. Water is truly one of the wonder substances in the physical world. Rust found in rocks that are upto 4.3 billion years old; life with photosynthesis creating oxygen (& rusting iron) existed on Earth up to 4,3 billion years ago. She is an excellent speaker about proteins and the miraculous God create water with its properties made for LIFE on Earth.
There is water on Mars and various moons in the solar system and universe...so why didnt god make life there too?
@@Boygadget The living God can do whatever He desires. And perhaps there is life throughout the Universe. But we know from Planet Earth that God designed water for life. Water and it's properties are amazing including the 3D folding of proteins.
@@mdb1239 - and how do you know this?...if your saying a god can do anything what is stopping someone saying advanced aliens can do anything or that they are the one responsible for life?...also claiming a god created water is foolish because we know water exists because of the combination of 2 elements of the periodic table....the periodic table of elements can be used to created many molecules you dont have to be a god to create water when those elements already exist.
@@Boygadget This is how I know that the God of the Bible exists. The Genesis account of creation pretty much follows science: 1: earth formless and void - it did not exist; 2: let there be light -- sun created; 3: there was light and shadow/night the first day - created earth is rotating; 4: separate the water from the waters - earth full of water creates an atmosphere; 5: let the land appear -- land & therefore oceans appear on earth; 6: let plants appear -- life forms with photosynthesis appear on Earth; 7: animals appear on earth; 8: finally humans appear on earth. Also the Bible over and over again say God expanded the Universe. And it says that the Universe is huuuuuggggeee: declares the glory of God. Also the monarch butterfly taking several generations to migrate from Mexico to Canada and back to the SAME locations over generations. That has be a design/creation --- God.
@@mdb1239 - well based on science the bible is wrong and made up...the sun cannot be made after the earth...do you not read or watch scientific researches?...so why would you go and quote a fictional story?
What a lovely, smart, inspiring and sexy lady.
FTW?
So, no water no life, ok.
A lot of diseases do have a cure now and always did. It's called a healthy diet that we evolved to eat. Still good science and important to understand how it all works though.
Yeah, go tell the person with a Down syndrome, sickle-cell disease or Parkinson's that they just have to eat healthily.
She also didn't say that we have no cures at all, but I digress; it's a TH-cam comment section after all...
Alexandr Kosharny Yes, you've shown that quite well.
Eating well will not cure most of the diseases which have always killed humans. Ebola, for example, will kill you equally quickly if you have a healthy or unhealthy diet. The same with cholera or polio.