I wonder if one went back in time to Natufuian times, how similar would the sights (Cliffs,cave,landscape) seen in this video look? I live in Phoenix AZ and I have a good view of "Lookout Mountain" here and I'll often wonder how long that mountain has looked like it does. Like if I went back in time 2000 years there would still be a Lookout mountain sitting there minus the roads and suburban sprawl. It is mind-bending to think how many generations of people come and go and all the cultural changes yet the landscape barely changes.
Mountains take millions of years to erode away. 2,000 or even 10,000 years ago, the Earth looked much like it does today....minus the roads and tourists.
It would have been much wetter, much greener. It never got up to the earlier level again after the Younger Dryas, and human activity (especially their grazing animals) over the last 10 000 years has created badlands in areas that still receive enough yearly rainfall to support forests
I have never ever heard of the Natufians. It is really telling that we are not taught about them and their importance to the development of civilization.
Great video sir... But i need more videos sir.. about the burials , the tools they used ,their architecture, the early and the late period of the Natufians
Is this still a chicken or egg question? Did existing social systems (hunter/gatherer), beget agriculture, or did the beginnings of agriculture beget specific social systems? Or both?
Is it just me or were no dates given? Gobekli Tepe dates back to 11,500 years or so. Shows a high level of social organization that seems to further support Dr. Hawks statements that cultural changes and organization were the driving forces for agriculture and not the other way around. We were already organized and had complex social interaction. It is in Turkey.
The date was given. This took place between 12,000 and 10,000 years ago in this region. The earliest signs of deliberate agriculture show up in this time period. By 6,000 BC. we know that most of the civilizations in the Levant were based on agriculture and raising of livestock. By the time of the early Egyptian Dynasty, this had spread to Northern Africa and the Nile valley.
Actually, the date was stated to be between 15,000 and 11,000 years BP. And yes, my thoughts immediately shifted to Gobekli Tepi as well. This is certainly a strong indication as to the possible life-ways associated with the culture that constructed the ruins at Gobekli Tepi. Very intriguing to say the least.
@@6ixtymiles The date was for the Natufian culture, and is correct. The oldest levels of Göbekli Tepe were build some time before 9000 B.C., so 11 000 years ago, at the very end of the Natufian period (it's usually not called that in the Northern Levant, though the life styles were similar). The big rivers Euphrates and Tigris and all their many tributaries in the hills and mountains of south-Eastern Turkey/Northern Syria and Iraq became a refuge for people, animals and plants during the Younger Dryas: there was water there, and more shelter from the icy winds. Pressed together in a smallish area they had to develop elaborate social "technologies" (politics, rituals) to survive. Göbekli Tepe is not the only place with monumental buildings in the area; quite the contrary, there are lots of other constructions with the same T-shaped pillars on hills in the wider area (surface surveys, not yet excavated), surrounded by settlements/villages within a distance of ca. 5 km. These seem to have been regional meeting places /ritual centres, with Göbekli Tepe maybe as as central site for larger assemblies. So far none of the other similar places are as old as Göbekli Tepe, and they are mostly square instead of round (like in the later Nevali Çori): en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia
@@AreHan1991... Thank you for your informative reply... Absolutely fascinating. I was replying/answering an inquiry by @tonkatoytruck as to whether Hawks provided a date/timeline. His inquiry was targeted at trying to determine if this culture overlapped with the estimated Gobekli Tepi construction timeline. Again, absolutely fascinating and thank you again for your reply. (!!)
@@CDRNY25 I was referring to academic studies on the somali genome carried out and published by experts, who state somalis carry non african ancient South West Asian dna lineages at around 50 percent
Great explanations and delivery. I am curious, the professor explaining the cave mentioned that the younger dryas did not fit in well with the data concerning the dispersal of Natufians back to a more nomadic lifestyle. Mithens 'After The Ice' suggests that climatic shifts were responsible for this behavior, but I was wondering if you knew what the professor was eluding to? Thanks for the great content!
Thanks...and also I always find it funny there are actually people (8 as of now) who give videos like this the thumbs down. Do they disagree with the interpretation or dislike Natufians?
It's a mixture -- some folks don't get the information they were expecting from the video, others may have been assigned the video for a course and are not sure how it fits with their instructor's expectations. A few are always unhappy with the video or sound quality. Totally legitimate to give a dislike, and I'm always happy that so many people are willing to give the thumbs-up!
I think there are black people who are angry natufians aren't presented as black and there are white people who are angry natufians aren't presented as white.
I want to study archaeology but in my country Chile, is hard, so you have some idea or advice to tell me where can i study? and what I need to study in another country for instance USA or some country of Europe. please help me. I love archaeology.
felirien stopM In Chile you have some great archaeological cultures, I know about the Chinchorro culture, in atacama desert, and it is investigated mostly by Bernardo Ariazza. He is Chilenean, and he probably works in Arica or Antofagasta museum, so I guess it could be a good ideato contact with him at first?
Robert Kenig yeah! I know ineed i am estudy right now arqueology in my country, well it is a great matter archaeology but it is hard jaja and I have to read a lot many many books about hystoru of archealogy and etc... well greeting Robert! and long live to Archaeology!
felirien stopM One option is MOOC's. While you probably will not get any college credit for your work, you can demonstrate your interest and beginning familiarity with the subject through earning a certificate. Here are some free archaeology/anthropology ones to look at: www.coursera.org/course/secrets www.edx.org/course/introduction-human-evolution-wellesleyx-anth207x-0#! www.open2study.com/courses/becoming-human-anthropology
I don't know for Chile but you could try to find some diggings in your country as a volunteer. You learn a lot in an archeology site while digging with professionals. Also, if you want to study abroad you shall first learn english as it is the main language used by researchers in every fields nowadays. Moreover, let's say you want to study the history of Egypt through archeology, you would learn English, French and German because the main books and papers are written in those languages. It depends from a lot of factors. You could study abroad also if you want, but my advise would be to graduate in your country, then moving somewhere else - according to what you like - for your master's degree and, of course, your PhD. Also, you better look for "environmental" archeology as it is the future of our field. Indeed, archeology is getting harder and harder to get a job and you really ought find your way in those specialities. For example, malacology - the science of gastropods - is not that much known in Prehistory fields and is one the greatest new sciences that are going to break through. Gastropods are one of the sweetest bio-indicators to understand the chronology of a site. You'll have to be able to understand, however, surface geology which is one of the most important tools that makes us understand a site in its chronology, from ecofacts, artefacts (through taphonomy for instance), but more generally understand the stratigraphy of a site. At last, if you would like to study in France - my country - learning French is a must have. For universities in England - which i'm going to apply next year for my master's degree - you better be very good in English, otherwise they won't accept you (unless you can proove a strong commitment to your work through grades, internships and recommandation letter). I wish you the best !
Seasonal events have brought animals together for millions of years. But until scientists are hit over the head with archaeological evidence, it seems it could not have happened. Evidence of religious rituals, systematic burial of gathering places, and the advance stone work by "primitive" hunter gatherers is what I find interesting. I have always believed that man was far more advanced than science has ever been willing to admit. Arrogance or just ignorance?
I'm having a hard time trying to get to grips with your last few sentences... "But the social changes that enabled it [agriculture] are changes that happened without domesticated plants and animals. They were changes that represent innovations in human social systems." Are you saying that the change from nomadic hunter-gatherer to semi-sedentary to full blown sedentism/agriculture was driven by social changes rather than the other way round?
Thanks for reminding me of this, zB-D, I've just watched that last section from 8:06 - he does say that he's referring to the period between sedentary hunter-gatherers to sedentary agriculture. I'm guessing that the move from nomadic to sedentary would have to be driven by environmental factors rather than human social ones - you would only settle in one place if the local resources were adequate for maintaining a sedentary lifestyle.
herostratics thank-you. I'm listening to a podcast by the historian Yuval Noah Harari discussing his book "Sapians". Our Professor for Science and Society recommended it. I'm just a humble undergratuade.
He doesn't mention it, but one of the driving factors for the rise of agriculture is population pressure, ie. as cultures evolved slightly more efficient ways of getting food, they were able to increase their population size, which led to pressure to continue increasing food production and social mechanisms to deal with larger groups. This led to an adoption of agricultural practices (something I think they were already well aware of) in an effort to maintain those population densities ( most likely spurred by those jewelry wearing elites who wanted to maintain their special statuses).
Have the Natufian been shown to be related to the Egyptians? If so,have any matches between the two cultures been found as far as language and religion?
I've seen around the internet that some people believe there's a genetic connection between the Natufians and Africans especially sub-Sharan Africans. Here's what the scientific community is saying about the Natufian connection to sub-Saharan African DNA. "A population without Neanderthal admixture, basal to other Eurasians, may have plausibly lived in Africa. Craniometric analyses have suggested an affinity between the Natufians and populations of north or sub-Saharan Africa, a result that finds some support from Y chromosome analysis which shows that the Natufians and successor Levantine Neolithic populations carried haplogroup E, of likely ultimate African origin, which has not been detected in other ancient males from West Eurasia. However, no affinity of Natufians to sub-Saharan Africans is evident in our genome-wide analysis, as present-day sub-Saharan Africans do not share more alleles with Natufians than with other ancient Eurasians..." www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5003663/ "Extended Data Table 1: No evidence for admixture related to sub-Saharan Africans in Natufians" www.nature.com/articles/nature19310/tables/1
@Henok Hailu You should know by now that East Africans are one of Middle East's closest neighbors. The fact that Natufians made it to East Africa or that they made it to Yemen and from Yemen to East Africa isnt impossible as you guys mixed for thousands of years.
@Henok Hailu Who do you think youre kidding here? You say youre not related to Middle Eastern people yet you say you are related to people of Syria, Iraq, Mesopotamia. Um, theyre in Middle East... hello? And no, only some people within some groups of East African have recent Levantine ancestry. Most comes from Arabia. You think i dont study your history and genetics? Also check out youtube videos. Yemen is just a boat ride away. Not rocket science. They could also come from Neolithic period as they brought and spread haplogroup E1b1b to Africa and replaced almost all A and B carriers.
@Henok Hailu No, DE split in the Middle East. E-P2 which originated in ME is the ancestor of E1b1b. R1b is predominant haplogroup of Western Europe but it originated in West Central Asia. J1 originated in the Caucasus but its predominant in Yemen today. Same took place with E1b1b that became predominant haplogroup of Africa wiping out A and B carriers. If it came from East Africans, they were already half Eurasians when they migrated to the Middle East which still ends up in the same place - Middle east. Natufians didnt have any affinity to subsaharan africans.
Interesting, but I wish those people were kept from the site, and another country would be in charge of investigating the history here. It's just a peeve of mine.
Archaeological excavation is expensive and can take years to thoroughly excavate a site. It is difficult to get grants to methodically excavate a site. I'm just thankful when sites are excavated by learned archaeologists.
my brother are from Eritrea, and he put is dna test in gedmatch and it showed Admix Results (sorted): # Population Percent 1 NATUFIAN 41.13 2 SUB_SAHARAN 40.07 3 IRAN_NEOLITHIC 7.48 4 ANATOLIA_NEOLITHIC 5.16 5 CHG_EEF 4.22 6 ANCESTRAL_INDIAN 1.94 we are 100% from Eritrea, but the Dna test showed Ethiopian jew and Yemenite jew (85%)
poor louis..tries to be political correct while clearly ignores facts. Poor louis, tries to be political correct while clearly ignores the fact that east africans are paternal eurasian.
E is not Eurasian....lol you keep pushing that garbage Rita, To make yourself feel better.Lets say you’re right (you’re not) but let’s say your theory is correct all it means is an African man went into Eurasia and went back to Africa.....which means E would still be African.The proof that E is African is you can still find Y DNA DE in Africa and no were else a clear cut migration pattern.
Someone told me there is no such think as "Ethiopian/Yeminite" Jew DNA...the they are the same genetically as all Ethiopians/Yeminites. Only Ashkenazi is ethnically distinct from other European groups.
Dear Professor Hawks: I had the pleasure to be one of your students - in a MOOC course, around 2 ys ago. Now minding things around with other courses that I've took, I would like very much to have the title of a book(s) so that I could look around to buy. Sincerely yours -an awed student, Marcela Santander.
The Palestinians, who partly evolved from the Natufians (modern day Palestinians have 35% Natufian), would be proud of their ancestry who were responsible for the rise of agriculture.
@@cariocabassa no Natufians were the ancestors of all afroasiatic speaking people this includes Semites, Cushites like Somalis and Beja of northern Sudan, ancient egyptians, north african amazigh and canaanites who dont exist these days I did my dna analysis on 23and me and I got 80 percent E1b1b which is the dna of the Natufian remains
@@hassanabdikarimmohamed2505 so yes you somehow validate my point, they also were Middle-Easterners ancestors since Canaanites and Semites are Levantines therefore Middle-Easterners...
@@cariocabassa we are in agreement, Narufians were the ancestors of semitic and Canaanite speaking populations of the middle east and Cushitic, Ancient egyptian and Berber/Amazigh speaking people of north and north east africa
That is a regional match. These DNA tests do not identify specific ancestors. Haplo groups identify regions on the Earth where certain DNA segments are common.
@@timhallas4275 We're from Palestine or what you now call Israel. Our subclade is E-Z830, which is of the Natufians. Ours averages between 55% to 75% Natufian.
@@CDRNY25 your dna stems back from esau and not jacob.. there were 2 y chromsomes that was found among natufians it was as u state E-Z380 aka e1b1b1b and also E-m2 aka e1b1a whom are the real israelites of the bible.. e1b1b is esau edom.. only race of people that carry that e1b1a dna found in natufians are the black people that are scattered to the four corners of the earth!!
@@arayahbanyasharalah4234 lmfaoooooo According to science they were not black. They already found skulls and extracted their dna. They were clearly not negroid.
It seems like the systematizers would have had to be autistic. Gathering different types of grains and figuring out planting them to get more is a very autistic kind of thinking. I keep thinking from all my extensive research, there must have initially been Denisovans in the Levant area, and later, following the ancestral populations' migration pattern, Denisovan hybrids in the Levant. Denisovans created jewelry. They had autism genes. Some say they were savants. Interestingly, the savant abilities seem to go very far back, because I have seen chimp videos of chimp showing savant memory abilities most of today's humans don't have, Savant abilities had a very important evolutionary purpose, before writing systems. Abilities that are very Steven Wiltshire-like. What is the most interesting about Denisovans is their tools found at Altai - seemingly a link to the Levant. Denisovans were hybridizing with Neanderthals. At least one Neanderthal group was building stone circles in a cave around 175,0000 years ago. Did Neanderthals at this hybrid zone pass this technological knowledge on to Denisovans and their Neanderthal - Denisovan hybrids ? Again, Denisovan hybrids sure sound like they were part of the ancient Natufian population.
But... but... but... the bible says the world is only 8000 years old. Surely the bible must be right and all those thousands of text books must be wrong. Then again.... maybe not.
There's no exact reference in the bible. Using the "begats" and twisted logic, creationists estimate that the "created" Universe is 6000 to 8000 years old. They have the most ridiculous theories about stuff like dinosaur bones, etc.
As a Christian myself, the Dinosaurs lived in the pre-Adamic world was around for billions of years... mankind didn't come about until 6000 years ago. No one is suggesting the earth isn't billions of years old.
@@vi-mh2rw They were farmers from Levant who migrated to Europe and spread agriculture there. But could be that you descend from Etruscans who came Middle East and settled in places in what is now Greece.
1. NO, Natufian culture is NOT the origin of agriculture 2. Yes, the first agriculturalists knew how to grow agricultural products - and their direct descendant -> the autochthonous INDO-EUROPEAN people in the WEST ASIAN INDO-EUROPEAN NEAR EAST not only continued with agriculture (while the rest of the world was hunter and gatherer), but they were also the first pastoralists -> the first ones domesticating the dog, the horse, and the cow This is for sure. And all can be proven
Yes, the entire emergence of the agricultural revolution was not the result of the actions of a really smart inventor. But, John, that revolution was just as much a product of the inspirations, innovations and inventions of individuals and really smart inventors as any dung-heap is the accumulation of only individuals' digestive tracts -- no matter how long it took to create it, how many generations it took, how big the heap is or how high an altitude we observe it from. Sorry for the colorful analogy, but: all thinking is as individual as all crapping. There is no such thing as some "collective" process of thinking other than the sharing of thoughts that were, each and every one of them, originally the product of individual minds. The individuality of thinking, innovating and inventing is irreducible to some social porridge because we observe it happening over a long period of time among lots of individuals. Surely, the fact that so many technologies such as the process of stone tool manufacturing stayed the same for so many millennia proves, more than anything, that it was individuals who, rare indeed, provided the exceptional inspirations that effected progress. Incrementally, and together, these changes added up to revolutions, it is true. A Marxist dialectic (ironically another idea that can be sourced to an individual) might discount the individual source of ideas. But ALL social progress, of any kind, must be sourced to individuals in the same way that crap is. There is no such thing as a collective colon or a collective brain no matter how big the pile or movement. Concepts like "progress" and even "society" can be reified beyond reality if we're careless. They are, however, merely the conceptual lumping of individual creations and actual people. Nothing more. (By the way, I love your videos and I'm just giving you shit.)
Nonsense, not Arabs as Arabs were born around 600 BC in the area around Saudi Arabia, West Asia and the Southwest Asian peninsula were and still are autochthonous West Asian Indo-European Near Eastern people's lands
@@rainhawk5264 Epipaleolithic Levantines were Arabs. "Modern Saudi Arabian and Yemeni samples clustered tightly, overlapping with the three Natufian samples, and were close to the Levant Pre-Pottery Neolithic B and C (PPNB and PPNC) and Levant Bronze Age samples." 'Projecting Ancient Ancestry in Modern-Day Arabians and Iranians: A Key Role of the Past Exposed Arabo-Persian Gulf on Human Migrations' - 2021
@@gamalnassertv Nonsense. Indo-European West Asian IraniC people already exist since over 12 000 - 10 000 years, KurManc Khord and Sor(ani) Khord are the oldest in the Indo-European West Asian Near East. The "Persian" (Greek name. but Iranic name is Kard) are just born like Greek (Roman name for the Hellenes) around 600BCE The prefix Meso- refers literally to the Indo-European West Asian KurManc Khord (originate in ASia Minor (Anatolia/Northern Mesopotamia) and CavcAsia (Zagros/Pontus) and the suffix -potamia" refers literally to the "Hurrian" (a Southwest Asian language isolate - not an Afro Semitic language!) Afro Semitic people only were born between 3000-2000 BCE and the oldest Afro Semitic is Akkadian in Southern Mesopotamia (areas of Israel, Lebanon and Southern Syria/Iraq). Based on Akkadian and further immigration from Africa new Afro Semitic people were born. And Arab were born when Afro Semitic Aramaic spread from its organ in Southern Mesopotamia to Saud Arabia/Yemen were the Kingdom of Saaba was existing
@@rainhawk5264 I sent you a scientific study, please don't give me an opinion of words. Arabs are the same as Natufian people and their closest descendants with the highest genetic resemblances of any living population, carrying upwards of ~80% ancestral proportions of that Arabian Hunter-Gatherer/Natufian component as seen also on G25 Vahaduo. It's GG my guy, the DNA has spoken! 👏🏿
1. NO, Natufian culture is NOT the origin of agriculture 2. Yes, the first agriculturalists knew how to grow agricultural products - and their direct descendant -> the autochthonous INDO-EUROPEAN people in the WEST ASIAN INDO-EUROPEAN NEAR EAST not only continued with agriculture (while the rest of the world was hunter and gatherer), but they were also the first pastoralists -> the first ones domesticating the dog, the horse, and the cow This is for sure. And all can be proven
@@المنتزهاتي11 Yes, there were. The first who did agriculture was PIE's direct ancestor. PIE in West Asia domesticated the first cattle (sheep and goat) and the dog to protect them. Then its descendants domesticated horses and cows when they immigrated to the Northern part of the South Asian Indus Valley. These are all proven facts.
@@gamalnassertv Nonsense. Nobody in the Middle East (Afro Southwest Asiatic spheres in North Africa, Horn of Africa and Afro Semitics in Southern Mesopotamia) is is neither half nor fully "Natufian" nonsense you call. And for your information, this DNA and culture is born because of Indo-European West Asian NEAR EASTern agriculturalists and pastoralists which spread as well to Horn Africa and from there to the North of Africa.
I wonder if one went back in time to Natufuian times, how similar would the sights (Cliffs,cave,landscape) seen in this video look?
I live in Phoenix AZ and I have a good view of "Lookout Mountain" here and I'll often wonder how long that mountain has looked like it does. Like if I went back in time 2000 years there would still be a Lookout mountain sitting there minus the roads and suburban sprawl. It is mind-bending to think how many generations of people come and go and all the cultural changes yet the landscape barely changes.
One day indeed we will do just this, and of course answer other questions through tech
Mountains take millions of years to erode away. 2,000 or even 10,000 years ago, the Earth looked much like it does today....minus the roads and tourists.
@Lewis Pusey Yes the ice changed the landscapes of much of North America, but aside from widening the valleys, it had little effect on the mountains.
It would have been much wetter, much greener. It never got up to the earlier level again after the Younger Dryas, and human activity (especially their grazing animals) over the last 10 000 years has created badlands in areas that still receive enough yearly rainfall to support forests
@@Michael-zj3cn jahahahaha no we wont, thats not how time and space works
My Result on gedmatch 44% natufian i'm from morocco.
@empire lord according to my last result on Family tree dna lab i'm 100% north africa
@Pun Ga GedrosiaDNA Ancient Eurasia K6
Thank you for mentioning this, I ran the calculator and 35%, I'm kinda happy over that, Natufian culture has always fascinated me.
Natufians are the ancestors of berbers most moroccans have natufian ancestry
35% on gedmatch for me. ✊✊
I have never ever heard of the Natufians. It is really telling that we are not taught about them and their importance to the development of civilization.
Because they came from the central sahel region
Check out the Valley of Natuf in Palestine it's on TH-cam
Thanx for the lecture Mr. Hawks 🙏
Great video sir... But i need more videos sir.. about the burials , the tools they used ,their architecture, the early and the late period of the Natufians
Excellent video, thank you for the education!
Awesome. Thanks for this succinct and fascinating summary!
Palestine syria lebanon it's called the levant too
Salaam, Desert Bedouins, Saudis and Yemenis have the highest Natufian ancestry. Alhamdullilah, great people and history! ☪
Is this still a chicken or egg question? Did existing social systems (hunter/gatherer), beget agriculture, or did the beginnings of agriculture beget specific social systems? Or both?
Welcome to Materialism vs Idealism in social theory, there’s no easy answer unfortunately. Very good arguments and very poor arguments all around
Well posed question. I'd guess some kind of synergistic co-development.
Is it just me or were no dates given? Gobekli Tepe dates back to 11,500 years or so. Shows a high level of social organization that seems to further support Dr. Hawks statements that cultural changes and organization were the driving forces for agriculture and not the other way around. We were already organized and had complex social interaction. It is in Turkey.
The date was given. This took place between 12,000 and 10,000 years ago in this region. The earliest signs of deliberate agriculture show up in this time period. By 6,000 BC. we know that most of the civilizations in the Levant were based on agriculture and raising of livestock. By the time of the early Egyptian Dynasty, this had spread to Northern Africa and the Nile valley.
Actually, the date was stated to be between 15,000 and 11,000 years BP. And yes, my thoughts immediately shifted to Gobekli Tepi as well. This is certainly a strong indication as to the possible life-ways associated with the culture that constructed the ruins at Gobekli Tepi. Very intriguing to say the least.
@@6ixtymiles The date was for the Natufian culture, and is correct. The oldest levels of Göbekli Tepe were build some time before 9000 B.C., so 11 000 years ago, at the very end of the Natufian period (it's usually not called that in the Northern Levant, though the life styles were similar).
The big rivers Euphrates and Tigris and all their many tributaries in the hills and mountains of south-Eastern Turkey/Northern Syria and Iraq became a refuge for people, animals and plants during the Younger Dryas: there was water there, and more shelter from the icy winds. Pressed together in a smallish area they had to develop elaborate social "technologies" (politics, rituals) to survive. Göbekli Tepe is not the only place with monumental buildings in the area; quite the contrary, there are lots of other constructions with the same T-shaped pillars on hills in the wider area (surface surveys, not yet excavated), surrounded by settlements/villages within a distance of ca. 5 km. These seem to have been regional meeting places /ritual centres, with Göbekli Tepe maybe as as central site for larger assemblies. So far none of the other similar places are as old as Göbekli Tepe, and they are mostly square instead of round (like in the later Nevali Çori):
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia
@@AreHan1991... Thank you for your informative reply... Absolutely fascinating. I was replying/answering an inquiry by @tonkatoytruck as to whether Hawks provided a date/timeline. His inquiry was targeted at trying to determine if this culture overlapped with the estimated Gobekli Tepi construction timeline. Again, absolutely fascinating and thank you again for your reply. (!!)
@@AreHan1991... By the way, here's a link to a relevant podcast discussion you may find interesting: th-cam.com/video/WgwiUkEL4yE/w-d-xo.html
Im half Russian half Christian Jordanian (from Madaba and Al Salt) got 41.6% Natufian through GEDmatch. This was so interesting, thank you!
I'm Somali and I also have Natufian dna, my dna is E1b1b which is also the dna of the Natufians
@@hassanabdikarimmohamed2505 60% of your DNA is E1b1b? That's not how it works. Lmfaoooooooooooo
@@hassanabdikarimmohamed2505 have you even tested your DNA?
@@CDRNY25 I was referring to academic studies on the somali genome carried out and published by experts, who state somalis carry non african ancient South West Asian dna lineages at around 50 percent
@@CDRNY25 also 100 percent of my y dna is e1b1b
Great explanations and delivery. I am curious, the professor explaining the cave mentioned that the younger dryas did not fit in well with the data concerning the dispersal of Natufians back to a more nomadic lifestyle. Mithens 'After The Ice' suggests that climatic shifts were responsible for this behavior, but I was wondering if you knew what the professor was eluding to? Thanks for the great content!
Interesting because, if I am not mistaken, mouse and sparrow are two words reconstructible for Proto-Afro-Asiatic language
Realy, Thank you for this video
I have 52% natufian from northern Kenya.
Y DNA E-v12
Mtdna m1a1
You may be either Oromo, Somali, Rendele or some very outlier Nilots.
@@gutemaguutuu5117 I'm Garre from mandera town
@@bisharGellowMahad I see!
Somali?
@@gutemaguutuu5117 yes
Thanks...and also I always find it funny there are actually people (8 as of now) who give videos like this the thumbs down. Do they disagree with the interpretation or dislike Natufians?
It's a mixture -- some folks don't get the information they were expecting from the video, others may have been assigned the video for a course and are not sure how it fits with their instructor's expectations. A few are always unhappy with the video or sound quality. Totally legitimate to give a dislike, and I'm always happy that so many people are willing to give the thumbs-up!
I think there are black people who are angry natufians aren't presented as black and there are white people who are angry natufians aren't presented as white.
You forgot jordan, those are cannanites!, the natives in that area, palestenians ancestors!
Nice job. Factual. No BS.
I want to study archaeology but in my country Chile, is hard, so you have some idea or advice to tell me where can i study? and what I need to study in another country for instance USA or some country of Europe. please help me. I love archaeology.
felirien stopM In Chile you have some great archaeological cultures, I know about the Chinchorro culture, in atacama desert, and it is investigated mostly by Bernardo Ariazza. He is Chilenean, and he probably works in Arica or Antofagasta museum, so I guess it could be a good ideato contact with him at first?
Robert Kenig yeah! I know ineed i am estudy right now arqueology in my country, well it is a great matter archaeology but it is hard jaja and I have to read a lot many many books about hystoru of archealogy and etc... well greeting Robert! and long live to Archaeology!
felirien stopM One option is MOOC's. While you probably will not get any college credit for your work, you can demonstrate your interest and beginning familiarity with the subject through earning a certificate. Here are some free archaeology/anthropology ones to look at:
www.coursera.org/course/secrets
www.edx.org/course/introduction-human-evolution-wellesleyx-anth207x-0#!
www.open2study.com/courses/becoming-human-anthropology
I don't know for Chile but you could try to find some diggings in your country as a volunteer. You learn a lot in an archeology site while digging with professionals.
Also, if you want to study abroad you shall first learn english as it is the main language used by researchers in every fields nowadays. Moreover, let's say you want to study the history of Egypt through archeology, you would learn English, French and German because the main books and papers are written in those languages.
It depends from a lot of factors.
You could study abroad also if you want, but my advise would be to graduate in your country, then moving somewhere else - according to what you like - for your master's degree and, of course, your PhD.
Also, you better look for "environmental" archeology as it is the future of our field. Indeed, archeology is getting harder and harder to get a job and you really ought find your way in those specialities. For example, malacology - the science of gastropods - is not that much known in Prehistory fields and is one the greatest new sciences that are going to break through. Gastropods are one of the sweetest bio-indicators to understand the chronology of a site.
You'll have to be able to understand, however, surface geology which is one of the most important tools that makes us understand a site in its chronology, from ecofacts, artefacts (through taphonomy for instance), but more generally understand the stratigraphy of a site.
At last, if you would like to study in France - my country - learning French is a must have. For universities in England - which i'm going to apply next year for my master's degree - you better be very good in English, otherwise they won't accept you (unless you can proove a strong commitment to your work through grades, internships and recommandation letter).
I wish you the best !
Very interesting information
great video
Seasonal events have brought animals together for millions of years. But until scientists are hit over the head with archaeological evidence, it seems it could not have happened. Evidence of religious rituals, systematic burial of gathering places, and the advance stone work by "primitive" hunter gatherers is what I find interesting. I have always believed that man was far more advanced than science has ever been willing to admit. Arrogance or just ignorance?
Arrogance, especially against African people
amazing insight
I'm having a hard time trying to get to grips with your last few sentences...
"But the social changes that enabled it [agriculture] are changes that happened without domesticated plants and animals. They were changes that represent innovations in human social systems."
Are you saying that the change from nomadic hunter-gatherer to semi-sedentary to full blown sedentism/agriculture was driven by social changes rather than the other way round?
yeah...I went over those last sentences a few times as well.....
Thanks for reminding me of this, zB-D, I've just watched that last section from 8:06 - he does say that he's referring to the period between sedentary hunter-gatherers to sedentary agriculture. I'm guessing that the move from nomadic to sedentary would have to be driven by environmental factors rather than human social ones - you would only settle in one place if the local resources were adequate for maintaining a sedentary lifestyle.
herostratics thank-you. I'm listening to a podcast by the historian Yuval Noah Harari discussing his book "Sapians". Our Professor for Science and Society recommended it. I'm just a humble undergratuade.
He doesn't mention it, but one of the driving factors for the rise of agriculture is population pressure, ie. as cultures evolved slightly more efficient ways of getting food, they were able to increase their population size, which led to pressure to continue increasing food production and social mechanisms to deal with larger groups. This led to an adoption of agricultural practices (something I think they were already well aware of) in an effort to maintain those population densities ( most likely spurred by those jewelry wearing elites who wanted to maintain their special statuses).
Again, Thank you
Have the Natufian been shown to be related to the Egyptians? If so,have any matches between the two cultures been found as far as language and religion?
I've seen around the internet that some people believe there's a genetic connection between the Natufians and Africans especially sub-Sharan Africans.
Here's what the scientific community is saying about the Natufian connection to sub-Saharan African DNA.
"A population without Neanderthal admixture, basal to other Eurasians, may have plausibly lived in Africa. Craniometric analyses have suggested an affinity between the Natufians and populations of north or sub-Saharan Africa, a result that finds some support from Y chromosome analysis which shows that the Natufians and successor Levantine Neolithic populations carried haplogroup E, of likely ultimate African origin, which has not been detected in other ancient males from West Eurasia.
However, no affinity of Natufians to sub-Saharan Africans is evident in our genome-wide analysis, as present-day sub-Saharan Africans do not share more alleles with Natufians than with other ancient Eurasians..."
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5003663/
"Extended Data Table 1: No evidence for admixture related to sub-Saharan Africans in Natufians"
www.nature.com/articles/nature19310/tables/1
@Henok Hailu You should know by now that East Africans are one of Middle East's closest neighbors. The fact that Natufians made it to East Africa or that they made it to Yemen and from Yemen to East Africa isnt impossible as you guys mixed for thousands of years.
@Henok Hailu Who do you think youre kidding here? You say youre not related to Middle Eastern people yet you say you are related to people of Syria, Iraq, Mesopotamia. Um, theyre in Middle East... hello? And no, only some people within some groups of East African have recent Levantine ancestry. Most comes from Arabia. You think i dont study your history and genetics? Also check out youtube videos. Yemen is just a boat ride away. Not rocket science. They could also come from Neolithic period as they brought and spread haplogroup E1b1b to Africa and replaced almost all A and B carriers.
@Henok Hailu No, DE split in the Middle East. E-P2 which originated in ME is the ancestor of E1b1b. R1b is predominant haplogroup of Western Europe but it originated in West Central Asia. J1 originated in the Caucasus but its predominant in Yemen today. Same took place with E1b1b that became predominant haplogroup of Africa wiping out A and B carriers. If it came from East Africans, they were already half Eurasians when they migrated to the Middle East which still ends up in the same place - Middle east. Natufians didnt have any affinity to subsaharan africans.
@Henok Hailu Its not even a new theory oh my god. Its right there on the internet: en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_E-P2
Interesting, but I wish those people were kept from the site, and another country would be in charge of investigating the history here. It's just a peeve of mine.
Archaeological excavation is expensive and can take years to thoroughly excavate a site. It is difficult to get grants to methodically excavate a site. I'm just thankful when sites are excavated by learned archaeologists.
my brother are from Eritrea, and he put is dna test in gedmatch and it showed Admix Results (sorted):
# Population Percent
1 NATUFIAN 41.13
2 SUB_SAHARAN 40.07
3 IRAN_NEOLITHIC 7.48
4 ANATOLIA_NEOLITHIC 5.16
5 CHG_EEF 4.22
6 ANCESTRAL_INDIAN 1.94
we are 100% from Eritrea, but the Dna test showed Ethiopian jew and Yemenite jew (85%)
I got Natufian at like 40% as well....Y DNA traces back to East Africa.These Eurocentrics will try to claim you as a dark caucasian Lol
poor louis..tries to be political correct while clearly ignores facts. Poor louis, tries to be political correct while clearly ignores the fact that east africans are paternal eurasian.
E is not Eurasian....lol you keep pushing that garbage Rita, To make yourself feel better.Lets say you’re right (you’re not) but let’s say your theory is correct all it means is an African man went into Eurasia and went back to Africa.....which means E would still be African.The proof that E is African is you can still find Y DNA DE in Africa and no were else a clear cut migration pattern.
Someone told me there is no such think as "Ethiopian/Yeminite" Jew DNA...the they are the same genetically as all Ethiopians/Yeminites. Only Ashkenazi is ethnically distinct from other European groups.
I AM FUNNY I PROMISE The first people in those lands were black as the Bible says.
Dear Professor Hawks: I had the pleasure to be one of your students - in a MOOC course, around 2 ys ago. Now minding things around with other courses that I've took, I would like very much to have the title of a book(s) so that I could look around to buy. Sincerely yours -an awed student, Marcela Santander.
The Palestinians, who partly evolved from the Natufians (modern day Palestinians have 35% Natufian), would be proud of their ancestry who were responsible for the rise of agriculture.
I got 54% Natufian, am Palestinian 🇵🇸
So Natufians were Middle-Easterners ancestors???
Were they Semetics look8ng??
@@cariocabassa no Natufians were the ancestors of all afroasiatic speaking people this includes Semites, Cushites like Somalis and Beja of northern Sudan, ancient egyptians, north african amazigh and canaanites who dont exist these days
I did my dna analysis on 23and me and I got 80 percent E1b1b which is the dna of the Natufian remains
@@hassanabdikarimmohamed2505 so yes you somehow validate my point, they also were Middle-Easterners ancestors since Canaanites and Semites are Levantines therefore Middle-Easterners...
@@hassanabdikarimmohamed2505 I should've said MENA ( Middle-Easterners/North Africans )ancestors...
@@cariocabassa we are in agreement, Narufians were the ancestors of semitic and Canaanite speaking populations of the middle east and Cushitic, Ancient egyptian and Berber/Amazigh speaking people of north and north east africa
I have 18% natufian ancestry according to gedmatch.
That is a regional match. These DNA tests do not identify specific ancestors. Haplo groups identify regions on the Earth where certain DNA segments are common.
@@timhallas4275 We're from Palestine or what you now call Israel. Our subclade is E-Z830, which is of the Natufians. Ours averages between 55% to 75% Natufian.
@tim Hallas
Um, no, finish high school
@@CDRNY25 your dna stems back from esau and not jacob.. there were 2 y chromsomes that was found among natufians it was as u state E-Z380 aka e1b1b1b and also E-m2 aka e1b1a whom are the real israelites of the bible.. e1b1b is esau edom.. only race of people that carry that e1b1a dna found in natufians are the black people that are scattered to the four corners of the earth!!
@@arayahbanyasharalah4234 lmfaoooooo According to science they were not black. They already found skulls and extracted their dna. They were clearly not negroid.
It seems like the systematizers would have had to be autistic. Gathering different types of grains and figuring out planting them to get more is a very autistic kind of thinking. I keep thinking from all my extensive research, there must have initially been Denisovans in the Levant area, and later, following the ancestral populations' migration pattern, Denisovan hybrids in the Levant. Denisovans created jewelry. They had autism genes. Some say they were savants. Interestingly, the savant abilities seem to go very far back, because I have seen chimp videos of chimp showing savant memory abilities most of today's humans don't have, Savant abilities had a very important evolutionary purpose, before writing systems. Abilities that are very Steven Wiltshire-like. What is the most interesting about Denisovans is their tools found at Altai - seemingly a link to the Levant. Denisovans were hybridizing with Neanderthals. At least one Neanderthal group was building stone circles in a cave around 175,0000 years ago. Did Neanderthals at this hybrid zone pass this technological knowledge on to Denisovans and their Neanderthal - Denisovan hybrids ? Again, Denisovan hybrids sure sound like they were part of the ancient Natufian population.
Its incredible how this coincides with the Egyptian and Phoenician accounts.
But... but... but... the bible says the world is only 8000 years old. Surely the bible must be right and all those thousands of text books must be wrong.
Then again.... maybe not.
Anon amous Can you give me a reference from the bible where it says the earth is 8000 years old?
There's no exact reference in the bible. Using the "begats" and twisted logic, creationists estimate that the "created" Universe is 6000 to 8000 years old. They have the most ridiculous theories about stuff like dinosaur bones, etc.
Anon amous they skip those who are not famous
As a Christian myself, the Dinosaurs lived in the pre-Adamic world was around for billions of years... mankind didn't come about until 6000 years ago. No one is suggesting the earth isn't billions of years old.
I have 58% natufian my gem match result
soso where are you from? Im from Eritrea and i got like 40 % Natufian.
@@iamfunnyipromise9605 i'm confused because i'm irish/greek and am getting 38%. no idea where this comes from or what this really means
@@iamfunnyipromise9605 Thats because of migration to North and East Africa. Plus Eritreans and many Ethipians and Somalis are mixed.
@@vi-mh2rw They were farmers from Levant who migrated to Europe and spread agriculture there. But could be that you descend from Etruscans who came Middle East and settled in places in what is now Greece.
@@iamfunnyipromise9605 He should be Georgian, he has a Georgian name - Soso, short for Ioseb (Joseph).
I guess you could say they were the first investors LOL
1. NO, Natufian culture is NOT the origin of agriculture
2. Yes, the first agriculturalists knew how to grow agricultural products - and their direct descendant -> the autochthonous INDO-EUROPEAN people in the WEST ASIAN INDO-EUROPEAN NEAR EAST not only continued with agriculture (while the rest of the world was hunter and gatherer), but they were also the first pastoralists -> the first ones domesticating the dog, the horse, and the cow
This is for sure. And all can be proven
The true promised land.
👏🏻👏🏻👏🏻
Yes, the entire emergence of the agricultural revolution was not the result of the actions of a really smart inventor. But, John, that revolution was just as much a product of the inspirations, innovations and inventions of individuals and really smart inventors as any dung-heap is the accumulation of only individuals' digestive tracts -- no matter how long it took to create it, how many generations it took, how big the heap is or how high an altitude we observe it from. Sorry for the colorful analogy, but: all thinking is as individual as all crapping. There is no such thing as some "collective" process of thinking other than the sharing of thoughts that were, each and every one of them, originally the product of individual minds. The individuality of thinking, innovating and inventing is irreducible to some social porridge because we observe it happening over a long period of time among lots of individuals. Surely, the fact that so many technologies such as the process of stone tool manufacturing stayed the same for so many millennia proves, more than anything, that it was individuals who, rare indeed, provided the exceptional inspirations that effected progress. Incrementally, and together, these changes added up to revolutions, it is true. A Marxist dialectic (ironically another idea that can be sourced to an individual) might discount the individual source of ideas. But ALL social progress, of any kind, must be sourced to individuals in the same way that crap is. There is no such thing as a collective colon or a collective brain no matter how big the pile or movement. Concepts like "progress" and even "society" can be reified beyond reality if we're careless. They are, however, merely the conceptual lumping of individual creations and actual people. Nothing more. (By the way, I love your videos and I'm just giving you shit.)
huh?
Heartless Banker Agriculture was invented independently in Papua New Guinea!
you are stupid as fuck, you write like an idiot
Anyone here a natufian E-m123?
what's your ethnicty?
Diini Ahmed // Yemeni, you?
@@bobjohns5187 Somali I am doing DNA test soon to see if I have Yemeni ancestry or not I have close relatives that have recent Yemeni ancestry.
@@bobjohns5187 By the way is your haplogroup E-m123? if you did a DNA test what was your maternal haplogroup?
Diini Ahmed // Nice to have come across u bro. Make sure you let me know what your Y-dna in this thread once you get your results. TC
Ancient arabs people
Yes.
Nonsense, not Arabs as Arabs were born around 600 BC in the area around Saudi Arabia,
West Asia and the Southwest Asian peninsula were and still are autochthonous West Asian Indo-European Near Eastern people's lands
@@rainhawk5264 Epipaleolithic Levantines were Arabs.
"Modern Saudi Arabian and Yemeni samples clustered tightly, overlapping with the three Natufian samples, and were close to the Levant Pre-Pottery Neolithic B and C (PPNB and PPNC) and Levant Bronze Age samples."
'Projecting Ancient Ancestry in Modern-Day Arabians and Iranians: A Key Role of the Past Exposed Arabo-Persian Gulf on Human Migrations' - 2021
@@gamalnassertv Nonsense.
Indo-European West Asian IraniC people already exist since over 12 000 - 10 000 years,
KurManc Khord and Sor(ani) Khord are the oldest in the Indo-European West Asian Near East.
The "Persian" (Greek name. but Iranic name is Kard) are just born like Greek (Roman name for the Hellenes) around 600BCE
The prefix Meso- refers literally to the Indo-European West Asian KurManc Khord (originate in ASia Minor (Anatolia/Northern Mesopotamia) and CavcAsia (Zagros/Pontus) and the suffix -potamia" refers literally to the "Hurrian" (a Southwest Asian language isolate - not an Afro Semitic language!)
Afro Semitic people only were born between 3000-2000 BCE and the oldest Afro Semitic is Akkadian in Southern Mesopotamia (areas of Israel, Lebanon and Southern Syria/Iraq).
Based on Akkadian and further immigration from Africa new Afro Semitic people were born. And Arab were born when Afro Semitic Aramaic spread from its organ in Southern Mesopotamia to Saud Arabia/Yemen were the Kingdom of Saaba was existing
@@rainhawk5264 I sent you a scientific study, please don't give me an opinion of words. Arabs are the same as Natufian people and their closest descendants with the highest genetic resemblances of any living population, carrying upwards of ~80% ancestral proportions of that Arabian Hunter-Gatherer/Natufian component as seen also on G25 Vahaduo. It's GG my guy, the DNA has spoken! 👏🏿
1. NO, Natufian culture is NOT the origin of agriculture
2. Yes, the first agriculturalists knew how to grow agricultural products - and their direct descendant -> the autochthonous INDO-EUROPEAN people in the WEST ASIAN INDO-EUROPEAN NEAR EAST not only continued with agriculture (while the rest of the world was hunter and gatherer), but they were also the first pastoralists -> the first ones domesticating the dog, the horse, and the cow
This is for sure. And all can be proven
Indo-Europeans were not the first to domesticate animals
@@المنتزهاتي11 Yes, there were.
The first who did agriculture was PIE's direct ancestor. PIE in West Asia domesticated the first cattle (sheep and goat) and the dog to protect them. Then its descendants domesticated horses and cows when they immigrated to the Northern part of the South Asian Indus Valley.
These are all proven facts.
Iraqis have 30% or more Natufian on average. These people contributed to our genetics.
I’m from Somalia 🇸🇴 I have about 40% Natufian ancestry
nonsense
They were of African descent overall until mixing with neanderthal
nonsense.
Nope, they were Arabians.
@@gamalnassertv Gamal your statement is a joke as Arab only exist since 600-400BCE
@@rainhawk5264 Arabs are almost fully Natufian-like, cope.
@@gamalnassertv
Nonsense.
Nobody in the Middle East (Afro Southwest Asiatic spheres in North Africa, Horn of Africa and Afro Semitics in Southern Mesopotamia) is is neither half nor fully "Natufian" nonsense you call.
And for your information, this DNA and culture is born because of Indo-European West Asian NEAR EASTern agriculturalists and pastoralists which spread as well to Horn Africa and from there to the North of Africa.