Database Normalization 1NF 2NF 3NF

Data Normalization is the philosophy and mathematics for understanding and connecting data, and is a core stepping stones for becoming a data professional. This video explains the history of normalization, and how to normalize data to first normal form (1NF), second normal form (2NF), and third normal form (3NF).

[@sebastianxu2631]

This video taught me normalization in 10 min, but my lecturer spent 1 hour confusing me

[@JesperLowgren]

LOL Thank you !!

[@crislell]

Exactly, I ask myself WHY? If they can simplify. Why make it more complicated than really is!!

[@thisusernameisalreadytaken8041]

They're not qualified (stupid) ​@@crislell

[@ItsGorka]

Got a databases exam tomorrow for uni. This has really came in clutch since I've always struggled to understand the differences between 1NF - 3NF. Cheers!

[@JesperLowgren]

Great, and good luck !!

[@feimimi]

BRO SAME

[@ItsGorka]

@@feimimi U got this bro

[@tigranasatryan5232]

Same Here :DDD

[@sainiapulemasara]

I had a class in the morning hours about normalisation and woke early to watch this. It has been very helpful to me. Be blessed alot.

[@DBalint88]

YES! I have listened / read / watched some 10 other explanations that seem to use absolute gibberish for this concept. But yours is immediately crystal clear. I finally understand 3rd Normal Form. Thank you so much.

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you! My pleasure 🙏

[@kemalist9878]

Finally, somebody! I've needed this video for such a long time, thank you.

[@feimimi]

got a database exam tomorrow too and ive been going crazy reading the material over and over again,, this vid really just saved my life

[@JesperLowgren]

This kind of feedback makes my day 😁!!

[@alekizzu4705]

I have a Microsoft Access exam tomorrow and I was struggling a lot with normalisation. You explained it well and now I have a decent understanding of what I have to do. Thank you!

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you AlekiZzu!

[@JessiesGengar]

This is so helpful!
i've been struggeling to understand this particular part of the course i'm following for the past 3 days, and you have made it very clear in 10 minutes.
it's clear, with a simple visual and without all the extra's which just confuses the main point.
TY so much, i can continue my course with confidence!

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you Jessie !! 😁

[@kareemsharawi4778]

This is just amazing the way you describe things! I come here after failing to understand NF through an instructor of a well known EXPENSIVE online educational platform (will not mention the name). Thank you very much!

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you 🙏

[@paigeroman1977]

Omg I was sobbing trying to figure out my assignment until I found this video. It's the only video I could find that used an example I could understand! 😭

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you Paige you made my day !!

[@dude_mude3366]

I got a CS exam next week, ur A LIFE SAVER!!!

[@Alfenijonas]

Nice examples and explanations. Everything goes from start to end, without any "side quests". The explanation is fluent and has a flow. Like a well-written book. Clicked that like button and spent some time writing this comment in hopes that the yt algorithm will show this to as many people as possible.

[@JesperLowgren]

I really appreciate your feedback 😁!!

[@Alfenijonas]

@@JesperLowgren I really appreciate your explanation!

[@JesperLowgren]

@@Alfenijonas My pleasure !!

[@makenzierebeca8408]

This video has been super useful in my computer course!!

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you. Good luck with your course!

[@yssplays2620]

THE BEST NORMALIZATION EXPLAINING EVER

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you !! 😁

[@failuredocumentary]

There's at least a one guy on educational videos saying they didn't get anything from lectures.😅
So here I am, Thank you ,this video helped me a lot.

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you !!

[@ashwinichoudhary811]

You save whole lot of a struggle to me , thanks Jesper

[@joenathanlofties1253]

Writing an essay on normalizing a presented database, this helps alot!

[@jacobs8531]

Great explanation and a refresher,

[@diegoortega2374]

Thank you Jesper, your explanatio was just awesome! Cheers man!

[@JesperLowgren]

My please! Thank you!

[@riannacarlos4334]

Easy to understand with great for your next video :).

[@henriettaneiss8764]

Very good intro and well explained.

[@huangJJ0412]

briefly explained well! thanks sir 🙏

[@pranicbutton]

Great video with many useful insights.

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you Robert, glad you liked it :).

[@aymanmouhcine5749]

This is amazingly explained
Thanks a lot

[@meowpasha4998]

Nice Job! I understand it under 15 mins thx.

[@mine991127]

So useful! I could not understand anything from my classes at uni before this

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you, I am very happy I could help 😄!

[@krisscage]

Thank you for great lecture.

[@Comrade4213]

Beautiful video and a great explanation. Thanks Jesper.

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you 😁!!

[@sunilgajurel2618]

great Vedio so far. I really got concept up to 3NF . Bunch of thanks.

[@JesperLowgren]

My pleasure, glad to be able to help!

[@omniscienceisdead8837]

simple and clear , thank you

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you!

[@barisaytimur]

great video, keep up the great work my G!

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you Baris !!

[@andresviveros3994]

this has helped me get a job in application support where we use DBs to query data for bugs

[@JesperLowgren]

Fantastic. Thank you!

[@deffdepth824]

Thank you for this wonderful explaination. Please make more videos!

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you !! I wish I had time to make more 😁

[@tigranasatryan5232]

great video, great explanation!!!!

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you 😁!!

[@ZawmyoHtet-lg7jn]

Thank you very much, Sir.

[@iulianab]

Hi! Thank you for this video, much appreciated! Can you please tell me if there is any rule related to one to one relationships in a Third Normal Form?

[@howling-wolf]

I love how he pronounces "data". And yes I mean that honestly.

[@iamkhol2232]

Really well explained, much better than some Udemy courses!

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you 😄!

[@alaa.albast]

Thank you ,I understand now ...

[@btchhushington2810]

I would love to see a video on 4NF-5NF: exceptions. Liked the video, Subscribed to the Channel and Shared on LinkedIn. Great job!!

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you! Will do one of 4NF and 5NF, been thinking about it for a while.

[@khiarahmed4045]

Great video, explained well 😊

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you !!

[@cubingandgaming6158]

THANK YOU JESPER

[@JesperLowgren]

My pleasure !!

[@danielscopyright1375]

I love this video, so easy to understand. But then at minute 8:00, I don't think it should be "skill 1 ID" since it references a skills table containing any skills. Then I suggest it should be only ''skill Id''. Kindly correct me if am wrong.

[@gjergjikokushta]

Thank you Jasper - best explaination so far. I teach students in highschool - but the textbook it kinda techy and not very suitable for students. Your explanation is easy to grasp :)

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you Gjergji !!

[@asifityourlast7846]

THANK YOUUUUU !!

[@mustafasacan4373]

Amazing.

[@tooslow1238]

7:28 since the second spreadsheet has 2 skills (2 Ids, 2 names), don't we need to specify 2 skill ids in the new spreadsheet (skill 1 id/ skill 2 id)?

[@vanessabano7180]

Very helpful!

[@jentevanrosmalen9300]

I have an exam tommorow and this was the one thing I couldn't understand, Thank u!

[@JesperLowgren]

Great, happy to help Jente.

[@novatrap1940]

Great!!

[@Licvidatorr]

Thank you, i have an exam tomorrow and this helped me !

[@JesperLowgren]

I love to hear that 😁!

[@kvelez]

Thanks.

[@stevewaterfield4862]

Thanks. 😊

[@MuksEmmaN]

God bless you dearly sir!

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you !!

[@tylerhanserd8616]

Thank you! So much!!!

[@JesperLowgren]

My pleasure Tyler. Thank you!

[@ShmeegleSon]

Thank you that helped me out

[@JesperLowgren]

That's great, thank you!

[@Mehmetcetin00]

This one is the best one.

[@evalaviniabucur1789]

Thank you, I understood 3NF quite well from your explanation. How do you know when to draw the line when using 3NF? For example, the Employee table's primary key doesn't define the address column. Should we also move the addresses to a separate table and uniquely identify each address, then change the address column in the Employee table to, let's say, address_id?

[@JesperLowgren]

Hi Eva, a great observation and the answer is.... you could! Many organisations use services like Experian to validate addresses, and you could store a primary key for a particular address instead of the whole address. The same goes for employee. The question I would ask, and where I would draw the line, is how the data is used. Are there any benefits in creating a specific address table with a primary key? If yes, then I would do it, if no, I wouldn't. In most cases there probably wouldn't be a benefit and it would be easier to store the full address in attributes against an employee (or customer for that matter). Unless you are in the business of managing address data, like Experian, then you most certainly would. Hope this helps 😀.

[@evalaviniabucur1789]

@@JesperLowgren thank you for the answer and, yes, it helps. It's just that I'm the sort of person who tends to believe you can't learn computer programming if you don't understand how the current flows inside the computer if you understand what I mean, and that is the reason I'm not really able to draw some lines :))

[@ryzawy]

Interesting thread. If it’s up to one to decide, in which NF do the scenarios fall? Are both 3NF of varying degrees? I understand it depends, but I am a bit confused on how to identify NFs then

[@ranaanforlemu8243]

Very Helpful 👍👍

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you !!

[@DreamsAPI]

Hi @Jasper, I could not find your second video about cardinality 4t and 5th

[@JesperLowgren]

Hi, here is the link to the video that addresses the 4th and 5th Business Normal Form: th-cam.com/video/49BsrjjlObY/w-d-xo.html

[@mehranbarahouei2346]

great job Jesper

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you Mehran! 😁

[@MohamedBarreOMER]

Wonder explanation

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you !!

[@priyaakter9497]

Amazing

[@not_nev]

thank you for real doc Jesper Lowgren Sheldon ❤

[@yvesloy652]

with the rule that each column value should be atomic, shouldn’t name and address be split up?

[@JesperLowgren]

Hi Yves, yes a great observation and the answer is yes, you could split them and create an address entity with an address id, and then add address id as a foreign key to name. Some organisations do this when address is particularly important, such as sending items to a postal address. For example, using an external address validation service like Experian, and using the Experian address ID as a foreign key against a customer entity.

[@luggnugg4912]

W. Better than my comp sci teacher

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you Luggnugg 😁!

[@zweitekonto9654]

At 9:15 in the video, what does it mean "Not defined by the primary key"?

[@JesperLowgren]

Good question! Looking back, it is somewhat ambiguous. If job names are stored in its own entity, and job name is the primary key (as opposed to job id), then Job Name is a legitimate Foreign Key in the Employee entity.
But.... a better way is to define Job Names using the primary key Job ID. In this case, storing job name in an employee entity is incorrect, as job name is not defined using employee id.
Hope this makes sense 😄.

[@YouTubeMarketingexpert007]

Great video, but keen to see higher forms of normalization.

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you, yes I am planning to make a video on BCNF, 4NF, and 5NF soon!

[@user-ot9uv2gp7v]

ez explaination 5-star review!

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you !! 😁

[@aiautoglasscrm]

Liked and subscribed

[@percio6802]

9:17
Why is 'Job Name' not in 3NF? You can find out what job the employee works by their employee ID?

[@shavirtooray3369]

Hi not sure if someone can assist here but in the 2NF stage when we work with employee id and skill id's wouldnt one of the tables be "EmployeeID | Skill1 ID | Skill 2 ID" instead of just "EmployeeID | Skill 1 ID"

[@hdot2613]

No, because each new "skill" will be represented as a new row in the Skill table

[@mm-vv3ih]

Thank you for video but I don't understand what you did at 6:26 :( what are the repeating groups here?

[@alekizzu4705]

Skill ID and Skill Name are repeating, so he had to rename them into Skill ID 1 Skill Name 1 Skill ID 2 Skill Name 2 so there are no repeating columns

@@alekizzu4705 No, he just placed the same data in a separate table, nothing changed at all. This is certainly not the repeating group issue.

[@2684dennis]

Is it aloud to have 2 foreign keys?

[@JesperLowgren]

Hi, yes it is allowed and necessary. For example, in a PERSON entity, you might have a Foreign Key to a PERSON-GENDER entity, and to a PERSON-PREFERENCE entity etc. Each Foreign Key brings more meaning to the entity.

[@2684dennis]

@@JesperLowgren oke, so only a primary key you can have once, but multiple foreign key, and candidaat keys can also be more because they are optional primary keys? im learning this cause in 2 weeks i got exame but the book i have from school, its bad, it has so much text in it and so much tekst between () that when you reed it the obviouse answer is sinking away in all the unnessesary tekst. this vid about normalisation is exctually good to follow and good to understand, im gonna write this down in my writingbook to learn.

[@JesperLowgren]

@@2684dennis yes there can be multiple unique keys, and each unique key is a candidate primary key. But there can only be one primary key.

[@fgfanta]

What does it mean that a column depends on another, or that a column fully defines another? I don't get it from the examples, would like a proper definition, such that I look at a table, and can tell if a column depends on another or a column fully defines another.

[@Adam-zo7nz]

Did you find a good resource for understanding this? I'm in the same position as you when you made this comment.

[@smtxtv]

Good video. Asst. due. Thx !

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you !!

[@Hillgrov]

Why do every book and online resources have different definitions and rules for the normalization forms.. I've just watched 3 videos and read 2 articles.. none of them are in agreement.

[@himalkhandokar7687]

Keep it up

[@ehanahmed2985]

Nice

[@TehGhostWhoPlay]

I m confused as to how job name doesn’t rely on employee id. Can someone explain to me why?

[@JesperLowgren]

Hi Ariel, a job name might be Forklift Operator. An employee id might be 37 (John Smith). You can relate id 37 to job name Forklift Operator. But the job name Forklift Operator does not rely on employee id 37 (or any other employee id). The job name Forklift Operator can exist even if it is not related to any employee id; hence employee id does not depend on job name. Hope this makes sense. 😀

[@TehGhostWhoPlay]

@@JesperLowgren I think i do understand it a bit more. Thank you for the clarification.

[@noelsirrom]

this guys camera is crispy

[@user-bz4qe3gi9y]

🐐🐐🐐

[@nimsamreth]

thank you, i got answer of what i what?

[@WanoFax]

You beautiful human

[@JesperLowgren]

Thank you !!😁

[@nasrhussain9126]

Starts 4:30

[@rustyspottedcat8885]

"divide and conquer"

[@aimanabdelraziq3865]

Nice illustration but needs to slow down the tempo.

[@syntaxerorr]

Too much mouth noise. It sounds like someone is messing with a candy wrapper while you are talking.

[@mohammadatik2380]

Nice