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- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 24 ก.ย. 2024
- At the end of the last ice age, there was a time when glaciers reached their maximum. This period is called the Last Glacial Maximum, or LGM. After the LGM, glaciers melt over thousands of years. As a result, many changes have taken place in Fennoscandia.
This episode introduces the Fennoscandia ice sheet's thawing and the first Scandinavians' migration. It also introduces the uplift, the tsunami, and the formation of lakes caused by deglaciation.
00:18 Introduction of Fennoscandia
01:28 What happens when glaciers melt
03:29 Evidence of terminal moraine
04:15 Countries in Fennoscandia
06:16 Deglaciation and migration of first Scandinavians
10:20 Land uplift
12:58 Changes in the Baltic Sea since the Ice Age
Papers Referenced:
Gowan, E.J., Zhang, X., Khosravi, S. et al. A new global ice sheet reconstruction for the past 80 000 years. Nat Commun 12, 1199 (2021). doi.org/10.103...
Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia: Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation
Günther T, Malmström H, Svensson EM, Omrak A, Sánchez-Quinto F, et al. (2018) Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia: Investigating early postglacial migration routes and high-latitude adaptation. PLOS Biology 16(1): e2003703. doi.org/10.137...
#fennoscandia #iceage #lgm #ancienthistory #ancientstory
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I am living in the Kvarken (Quark) area and during my life time the land has risen more than half a meter or 20 inches. Combined with the sedimentation around the coast it is a quite noticeable change. Close to where I was born there was a shallow bay which jow is dry grassland. The high coast area on the Swedish side is quite spectacular and the the De Geer moraines in the Vasa Region on the Finnish side are unique in the world. No worries of rising sea levels around here. Now I also have a 9*4 meter ice age boulder in my yard😃.
Yeah those boulders are everywhere
@@sdfghgtrew even here in Schleswig-Holstern, northern Germany. Mostly a little smaller the 9x4
🤯 is this why you can see that water level change pretty much anywhere south east Sweden atleast??
I have been fascinated by it since i was a small child 30 years or so ago. Always noticed the band showing older water levels.
The rising sea levels due to climate change may become as much as 2cm/year at the end of the century. Although how this will affect water levels in the Baltic Sea and the Bay of Bothnia is to my knowledge unclear. The water levels in the Bay of Bothnia is about 40cm higher than the global average sea levels. Seems to be due to two reasons… The Sea/bay/lake is located on top of a continental shelf. So the gravitational pull is higher. “Attracting” more water. And the large rivers is continuously feeding the bay with fresh waters. The remaining glaciers feeding the rivers are however receding and will disappear, meaning the flow of water will become more chaotic and possibly also diminish. So if the land raising will “cancel” the global seawater levels raising in the area isn’t clear. It could likely go either way too: the water levels raise more, or the land raises more.
To not is also that when the rivers now since a few decades back brings a massive amounts of artificial fertilizers to the water along the river mouths, it is a quite visible how this also contributes to “raise” the land. The vegetation increases with more reeds growing. Building up layers and layers of new soil in shallow water in especially bays and straits. Last year during high waters (not due to the gravitational pull from the moon in the Baltic sea… but due to winds, atmospheric pressure, and water temperatures) massive amounts of old reeds deposited on my property… In an instant “raising” the land about 20cm at places 😊. Although when decomposing, perhaps the end result will be a 1/10 of that.
@@Makabert.Abylon Pretty much. Gavle, the city famed for its Yule goat, was once completely submerged in water.
Very interesting explanation for an Japanese geologist to become familiar about Holocene ice age time geohistory of the Fennoscandia area. Thank you so much!
In estonia first settlement is 11000 years old, but there is data that say people were here over 12000 years ago and we also have thousands of lakes they are just smaller than in rest of North.
what Ikea, the highest democracy and forested land has to do with post-ice age?
Exactly. I even wanted to turn off the video, but then it started about glaciers and sea level, so I watched it to the end
My own questions. I almost didn't watch the video because of all that meaningless trivia at the beginning. It gets better later.
@@LuisAldamiz it also kills with constant meter/feet units. would be much better if stick with one unit and show parallels in other
@@colinafobe2152 - True but in the reverse: why to use US units when nobody else understands them. However it's the lesser of my worries, I can understand why someone feels the need to constantly convert to US units: they are from that country and/or want to cater to audience from the transatlantic polity.
@@LuisAldamiz I dont mind US units as long as i can see metric written. but i really cant focus on one number when i hear in same time other number. english is not my native and i am sure there are other people who have same problem of constant numeral vertigo
Fantastic! I have never seen a video so packed with super interesting information! It really helped my understand this part of the world today.
Greetings from Norway
Thank you.
Tack för all denna underbara information. Behövs de kommande decenniumen
Hey great video, from a Swede!:) Just a correction, it's cm^2, 0,9 grammes per centimeter cubed, not meter cubed:)
Not cm^2, it's cm^3 (Now what typo do I make).
To put it in direct numbers there are 1 000 000 cm^3 per 1 m^3
AFAIK, also in EU/SI it is metres, like "metri" in my language. While in USA it is meters. Go figure why that is...
@@i7Qp4rQ Plenty of spelling and pronunciation differences between Brittish and American English.
Personal opinion: it doesn't matter as long as people understand.
Yeah these AI robot translation/narrations often contain errors.
Me as a scandinavian since birth found this video very informative
so thank you .
The teachers I told you before and now we are very grateful to competent channels help tissim will send the quality of our classes Thank you very much and congratulations
Great introduction on the subject.
I was very happy about you mentioning the Population genomics of Mesolithic Scandinavia study.
Since i've been meaning to look it up.
Many thanks!
How much of what was presented in the video was caused by climate change due to human activity, protohuman camp fires, combustion engines and factory emissions? Or maybe the climate is supposed to change regardless of what we do?
"Suppose to change?" What?
The climate is always changing. But when it's changing this fast, there is an abnormal cause. The cause now is human industrialization.
The amount of brainwashing for the benefit of corporate profits you must have endured to dismiss this simple fact....
No. We’re literally on our way to warm the planet by 3°C by the end of the century which is nuts. 3°C of warming in such a short period of time is impossible to be caused by natural causes. 3°C isn’t a small rise of temperature, it’s rather basically doomsday
Finland, the land of a thousand lakes
Crazy interesting video! Haven't seen anything like it before. The robot voice though :/
Thanks for incorporating Ice Age geography and it’s relation to migration. Well done
Świetny film. Tego mi brakowało👍
Huge boulders,
When walking in the forest I used to wonder how they ended up there, and so got the answer that the ice somehow cracked/shaped and moved them.
I imagine people who wouldn't have had those explanations made up up their own..
"GIANTS"
In some places in Sweden you can find huge rocks just laying around beneath large hills, I used to think they were from the ice age but apparently it's from former "Forborgar" so it's actually humans who've put them there! I just love our history here and it continues to amaze me
Excellent!
Would be even better with a human voice, though.
And why not?
Even me with my Swedish way of talking would do it instead and it could have been worth it and I'm sure there are countless of others who would be able to do it so much better still, so why the fuck not?
Tech is awesome and everything. Trying out stuff like this is what in the future will lead to succeeding in telling a story like this one. Without the little glitches.
Anyway, excellent!
Yeah, monotone speech without carefully placed emphasis and recurring mispronunciations makes the robot voice tiring to those of us that already know much of the story from schoolbooks but want to hear the updated parts.
When you're talking about the weight of ice you show the term grams per cubic centimeter, but your audio says grams per cubic meter. A thousandfold increase makes a big difference.
million. The common unit is liquid water density around 1 kg/l = 1g/cm³ = 1 ton/m³ .
Like John doe said it's a million so it's a enormous diffrence and it's so big when scaled up to the land mass we are talking about that it's almost impossible to imagine. It's like talking about the speed of light but saying sound, light travels 186k miles per second while sound travels 1 mile in 5 seconds.
What kind camel caravan caused clobal warming and melting in that time?
Good way to show ppl what happened back then...Thanks.
Bra och intressant video!
Where does the Sami migration fit into the picture? Where they part of the "northern" migration you showed?
Most likely, my family from paternal side living in Ostrobothnia in Finland is mostly from the northern migration even if I know from ancestry reaserch that our heritage is from Swedish side, moste likely from Uppland region. There are lot’s of archeological remains from Sami people living close north of Vaasa region. Always thoght that my ancestors ate mammoths😃 Even so we still have this crocked finger genes in our family that was common among Viking age Scandinavia. I think this gene was beneficial during viking age when those having the mutation had better chance surviving eating raw fresh fish, which I assume was needed travelling on the sea.
Sami Haplogroup N1a1 and I1
Sami 28% DNA North Siberian
"Ice weighs 0.9 grams per cubic meter". How reliable is the other information?
It’s around 0.92 grams .
@@geonomad1 per cubic cm, not meter
sorry ! yes per cubic cm is correct.
@@geonomad1 please consider 1 unit in narrative, other as written. it is extremely distracting with all numbers
several times; cubic meter is used instead of cubic CENTImeter
Very fascinating ! 🤩
Excellent! Much appreciated! Definitely subscribed!
Makes me happy.
Happy!
Scandinavia is Denmark, Sweden and Norway. Denmark was influenced by the ice too.
This video is mostly about geography related to ice age. In that sense parts of Russia is included too. And that's why the term Fennoscandia is used.
GeoNomad, great content, but please slow down the narration speed. There’s a lot of information to absorb here!
Your video is actually going to be helpful in my genealogical research! I am just about certain my maternal line is less German, and more Finnoscandian, than I'd have ever imagined! I will look north, in my research, on my maternal line. I'm U5b1.
Great video. Thanks.
Great video.
Thanks so much
The post glacial rise of landmasses after an ice sheet is called "Elastic Rebound" and it is happening to most of Canada. Unfortunately, it will not keep pace with sea level rise.
Robot voiced videos are the absolute lowest form of entertainment possible
2:25
Um, that arrow in Norway is pointing at a fjord, not a lake.
There was no cars, but why did the ice melt ?
Interglacial period, right now the planet should cool down not warm up, we have broken the cycle
"Ice weighs 0.9g per cubic metre" spoken commentary at 10:54. This is incorrect.
"The centre of the Fenno-Scandia ice sheet, which was once about 3km thick, weighs 2,700 tonnes per square metre" spoken commentary at 10:57, but is inconsistent with the statement above. Strongly recommend that this be reviewed and edited to correct.
People likely lived in these areas LONG before the ice age even began, unfortunately the ice have grinded away any hopes of finding remnants of these people. But who knows, maybe deep in some caves somewhere, one day some clues might see the light of day. Also, I highly recommend that everyone checks out Randall Carlson & Graham Hancock's content, these guys speak a lot about the pre-ice age era and the events that unfolded before, during and after the ice age.
What people?
What human species?
@@gabrielalejandrodoldan4722 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolf_Cave
@@JonasBergstedt-xe3iz
Susiluola
Wolf cave
Neanderthals
Makes sense
There are still small remnants of the pre-ice age landscape in the Alps of Sunnmøre. Get as high as 1400-1500 meters, and the landscape flattens out some places, creating mountain plateaus. All soil is eroded and they are covered with flat stones. There should be a tiny theoretical chance of finding something there.
Trondheimsfjorden in Norway is not a lake but a fjord.
Fascinating. Nice vid. :)
Ice age 20,000 years ago, how is it possible that information based on radiocarbon measurements was found in Northern Finland, Lapland, 24,000 years old camp foundations.
The ice sheet was not as large earlier. There were periods with not so cold climate during the long ice age period. There are similar findings in the middle of Sweden (in Dalarna) from 40 000 years ago, when the area was covered by forests. So I think the ice sheet expanded with time and reached its maximum towards the end of the ice age.
The ice sheet also covered Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and many of the features you mentioned also apply to them, but you just glanced over them...
Are they countries to?
@@brollyhessianovskov-ph1jc Lol :P
Denmark is part of scandinavia and was covered too and created by the icesheet
you guys are just jealous you're not part of Penoscandia
@@nippernappertton Why would we be jealous of something we are not?
Based on the Mesolithic Motala findings, all of the I2 lineages were present in Mesolithic Sweden, including the basal, non-differentiated I2a1b-Din.
we are NOT in post ice age. it is still the ice age. we are at the glacial maximum of an interglacial. what happens next is the downward trend of temperatures. this is a hundred thousand year cycle.
The glacial maximum ended 11.8k ya.
The mini Iceage were in today is no more than 10k ya ..
I so like that you use globe, not flat map. I was dreaming about that many years.
Jalasjärvi, salla aholanvaara, crash Pakasaivo, which is huge, it has three different sizes of hididenkirnu
Then the meteorswarm hit and melted the ice. Younger dryas. Randall Carlson/ Graham Hancock. Those guys really are the experts of todays.
5:18 why is Luxembourg not on the list? It must be upper left corner.
This ice age scenario, where the coldspot outside of Antarctic =Siberia (-73C) is without ice, just doesnt bring all the pieces together. Also the highest rounded top tundras/fjells reach ~1450m asl, while there is watery erosion signatures below that.
I think weve still quite a bunch left, to figure this all out.
For Siberia, it just doesn't get that much precipitation, which is needed to amass the right amount of snow to form an ice sheet.
The Norwegian Coast, on the other hand, is one of the wettest corners on earth. Don't even need to freeze all year to make glaciers uot there.
@@reuireuiop0Weather patterns change over these time spans, especially the parts involving arctic ocean currents such as the Golf Stream.
@@johndododoe1411 It's the Westerly winds in temperate regions, not the Gulf Stream, that brings the rains in from the West. As Europe and Fennoscandia, have an ocean to their West, there's always plenty of precipitation coming in. That Westerly is determined by the temp difference between tropics and poles plus the turning of earth on it's axis, that causes this general south Westerly airflow. Glacial rates hardly influence this.
Btw - GeoNomad has a vid up on why Siberia and Beringia were not glaciated.
The trajectory of the Gulf Stream current is likely a key to that glaciation. As it's course moves West (as it might be right now) the Canadian Arctic warms up for a time, Scandinavia and Northwest Europe becomes much colder and the ice age may have started in Europe. As more sunlight is reflected back into space and the whole planet gets colder the Canadian Arctic ice advances deep into North America. Right now, the course of the Gulf Stream seems to be moving in a Westerly direction as the Mediterranean water becomes more saline as the Med Basin becomes hotter and drier. The more dense seawater outflow from the Med pushes the Gulf Stream away from Europe and more towards Greenland (speeding up glacial melting there). Scandinavia, British Isles should be gradually wetter and colder and in the extreme of the snow not melting one year the next ice advance starts in Scandinavia, again. We have a secret weapon this time though in the form of ridiculously high amounts of man-delivered carbon in our atmosphere.
@@abrahamdozer6273 I did not receive notifications. Here is a short video about this ridiculous amount of CO2.
th-cam.com/video/bJfrKNR3K2k/w-d-xo.html
Pls also tell about y haplogroup L
M11 ,M20 & Mt dna L1 to L6
Lost me when kept saying both meters anf feet...
For the sake of clarity you might want to use only a single age reference for the length of the video. It is very confusing to see PB and BC used together like this. Also BCE is preferred to BC.
Some choices of words are bizarre, like "at 15000 B P" instead of "15000 years ago" . Ice thicknesses are best stated in km and miles, as precise numbers were never available. Stating halfway through that a place was covered in a certain thickness of "ice age" must be a typo.
voicecrack at 2:16 made me giggle
"makes me hAppy"
10:52 “… ice weighs 0.9 GRAMS per cubic meter.”?⁉️ Dude, 1 ice cube weighs 30 GRAMS!
Are you doing climate change math?
10:52 Under normal circumstances 1 cubic meter ice weighs 1000 kilograms, i.e. 1 ton, and you said it weighs 0.9 grams?⁉️ Even if you meant to say “centimetre”, instead of “meter” you’d still be way off, because 1 cubic centimetre ice weighs 9 grams. 🧮🧐
I thought Denmark was part of Scandinavia. I was probably wrong there.
Nope you are right, Scandinavien is only 3 country, Sweden,Denmark,Norway.
Fennoscandia is Sweden,Finland,Norway.
Was there people in Scandinavia before the last ice age?
The LGM was uninhabitable because it was covered in ice. However, earlier interglacials may have been inhabited by hominins such as Neanderthals. There was no ice then.
Pre ice age, there were ppl across the Nth Hemisphere, the Planet hadn't tipped off it's access yet ..
The Whole Planet was Tropical, before the Iceage began 36k ya. Sweden was the Nth Pole.
Until 11.8k ya. that's when the planet was tipped off it's Axis..
Ancient European (I1) + Indo-European (R1b) + Asian Siberian (N1a1) = Perfection
R1b is not generally Indoeuropean, R1a however generally is (but only in Europe, not in Asia). Western R1b appears to have spread from two centers: one in France, surely related to Artenacian and Bell Beaker expansion (their carriers also carried Basque-like autosomal genetics), the other further north, probably in Denmark or Low Germany and surely expanded a bit earlier with the Funnelbeaker macro-culture (only the megalithic part, not in Poland). Sadly the Gökheim sample (again with Basque-like autosomal genetics) is all women, so we don't have Y-DNA for the Nordic Neolithic.
I1 also can't be pinpointed to any clear origin: it's too young. I2 is well known to be strongly associated to Paleoeuropeans but I1 is a mystery.
N1 should be associated in Europe (along with EHG autosomal genetics and mtDNA C) with the expansion of Uralic peoples. Siberian indeed but a very specific kind of ancient Siberian.
R1a is in Europe strongly associated to Indoeuropean expansion, appearing among the early Western Indoeuropeans (Corded Ware and successors) over and over and over again. Only R1a has that Indoeuropean association (in Europe).
It is obvious that the genotype of the majority of the population of Scandinavia is not Western European: R1a, I, N. Alas, the Western European genotype of R1b is only 30% of Scandinavia, it is obvious that the origin of Scandinavia as a whole is a mixture of different peoples
Not a word is too believe, no Ice have been.
Y haplogroup L remain SNPs M11, M20, M61, M185, L656, L863, L878, L879
Born from Iron, Oil and Trade , The superior mix :D
Cubic meter and cubic centimeter there is a million in diffrence there that is like talking about speed of sound but saying speed of light, light travels 186k miles in one second while sound travels 1 miles in 5 seconds.
Fascinating and valuable information but I am seriously put off by the artificial narrative with all the voice inflexions in the wrong places. Sorry to sound negative but it is really offputting.
No wonder it was easy to get between Den and Swe, where I live btw Hbg and Hgö I think the deepest part is about 50 meter or so.
Why there arent any finnish remains in the last map?
The oldest person found in sweden was not only dark skinned. He was black with blue eyes.
Makes me hAppy❤
Btw fjord is firth at least in Scotland.
Excellent video well put together! Now let's take a moment to appreciate the UN climate change PSA posted under the video....
This lecture have to be developed. It neglect the fact that at least Littorina Sea had an outflo from Gulf of Finland to the North-East. For ex the inland seals in Finland has it´s closest relatives in Northern Canada. There should have been traces if they came thru the North Sea.
2:50 Wtf does this have to do with glaciers and geology?
Ice was stronger than stone! ICE AGE made these ROCK PITS, that still exist in Finland : th-cam.com/video/x9LReghZY20/w-d-xo.html
90 percent of the worlds glaciers are left behind by the failed Heloceine period we are in now!
Dreadful narration riddled with mistakes. For instance at 10:55, the list of figures for the density (weight) of different materials per cubic centimetre (on the graph) is inexpertly narrated as 'per cubic metre'. Please find a narrator, or writer, who knows what they're talking about. Very irritating.
I have sneaking suspicion this was written by an AI
3km up hill skiing like juha mieto made finns strong
Intressant! Tyvärr lite väl rörig film med matematiska fel.
Finland not includ in Skandinavien
Danmark Sverige & Norge
Scandia in suoth Sweden is a landscape named Skåne
this is Skåne: fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sk%C3%A5nen_l%C3%A4%C3%A4ni#/media/Tiedosto:Sk%C3%A5ne_l%C3%A4n_in_Sweden.svg
I liv in Sweden 🇸🇪
now, THAT is climate change
It was slower than what's happening today
The ice melted most catastrofic 11600years ago. Meltwater 1B
2:14 makes me HaAaPpY 🤣
Ok another vid with synthetic voice? God damn.
looks like this FS Ice Sheet killed Doggerland.
They don't have r1
Bro Denmark exist lmbao!!
Are you saying most Ewedes descended from blacks ?Quite possible if you loo around
This is basically every geography lesson in Danish People’s school lol
Gotta love channels with poor artificial voice... /SAD
14:40 Above that arrow's upper top. You see a small lake its called Siljan. And it is close to the edge to touch the Lake Ancylus. And in that edge is where i live in Falun. Which we have our big lakes Varpan North and Runn south. Everyone related to the Lake of Ancylus.
You also live inside one of the 15 largest impact craters on planet Earth, the Siljan Ring.
Why no ice in siberia
One needs precipitation for that. All rain coming from the Atlantic fell on the Fennoscandic ice sheets, you'd get what they call mountain rains, while Siberia, on the lee of the Western winds, received not enough to build up a sheet. But it did have a giant Mammoth Steppe with enormous herds of ice age mammals.
Marvelous analysis. On the humorous side did " GRRRETTA 's " ancestors rage against " GLOBAL WARMING " ? 🤔🤪🤪🤪
Might be in her DNA "we've seen this before guys. Next thing you know, you have no ice left, and a Baltic Sea at your doorstep
The AI voice is very distracting.
👍⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Dark skinned protoviking at the front picture - how politically correct!
People didn't go there after the ice
Not good land
They hunted reindeer and lived while doing it 😅😂😂😂
well hiidenkirnu how did they come about from less than a meter to several meters the largest 500 meters in diameter holes in the rocks also horizontally and the explanation the ice age would have rotated the stones and as a result of wear and tear, complete nonsense, because these hiidenkirnu have been found in India and other continents
What made you think water flows exclusively during the ice age and on the area of the glacier only??
Vilnius ligger inte i ryssland !
It's like listening to Chat GPT. Ugh.