Women in Ancient Southeast Asia - History & Culture
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 28 มิ.ย. 2024
- Gender equality remains a struggle for many countries today but how exactly are we different from our ancestors? Let’s learn more about the status of women in precolonial Southeast Asia!
This is just the first video in a series celebrating Women’s History Month this 2022, so stay tuned for more!
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Related Videos & Playlists:
🌏 Demystifying Southeast Asia: bit.ly/KnowSoutheastAsia
🇵🇭 Precolonial & Early Philippine History bit.ly/EarlyPhilippines
🏝️ Discovery & Conquest of the Philippines: bit.ly/DiscoveringPH
Salámat! ❤️💛💚
#KnowOurRoots #KnowHistoryKnowSelf #WomensHistoryMonth #SoutheastAsia
Video Chapters:
00:00 Intro
00:49 Book & Coloring Book
01:30 Intro to Women in Southeast Asia
02:40 Rulers & Leaders
03:38 Spiritual Leaders & Healers
04:20 Inheritance & Independence
05:00 Gender Neutral Languages
05:24 Sexuality
06:17 Warriors & Governors
08:00 Marriage & Divorce
10:16 Upcoming Videos!
10:45 Trade & Commerce
12:11 Arts & Culture
13:08 Literacy & Education
13:42 Closing thoughts
16:26 Shoutouts!
Sources:
📖 Barbara Watson Andaya, The Flaming Womb: Repositioning Women in Early Modern Southeast Asia (Hawaii, 2006).
📖 Leonard Y. Andaya, Leaves of the Same Tree: Trade and Ethnicity in the Straits of Melaka (Singapore, 2010).
📖 Kirby Araullo, Know Our Roots #2: The Fierce Women of Southeast Asia (California, 2021)
📜 Marie Lou Frias Bautista, ‘Historical Influences on Gender Preference in the Philippines’, in Journal of Comparative Family Studies, Vol. 19, No. 1 (Spring, 1988), pp. 143-153.
📜 Anthony Reid, ‘Female Roles in Pre-Colonial Southeast Asia’, in Modern Asian Studies, Vol. 22, No. 3, Special Issue: Asian Studies in Honour of Professor Charles Boxer (1988), pp. 629-645.
About Kirby:
Kirby Pábalan-Táyag Aráullo is a renowned Filipino Culture Bearer and currently the National Coordinator for Culture and Heritage for NAFCON (National Alliance for Filipino Concerns). He is a Dátû and Lakan by blood, and an Activist at heart. Kirby is a direct descendant of the last Paramount Kings of Luzon (of both Lakandúlâ of Tondo and Rája Matandá of Maynílâ), and of the anti-colonial revolutionary Katipuneros and World War II Guerilyeras who fought for the liberation of the Philippines from colonialism. His upbringing exposed him to the contradicting worlds of traditional politics and grassroots activism.
With a keen interest in varying fields (such as history, government, and human rights) and a strong commitment to serve the community, Kirby studied in some of the world’s most prestigious institutions, such as the University of California, Davis, Harvard University, and Université catholique de Louvain. Kirby is also the Co-Founder of the Bulosan Center for Filipino Studies at UC Davis and author of the groundbreaking book “Black Lives & Brown Freedom: Untold Histories of War, Solidarity, & Genocide.” He is a visiting professor at various colleges in the Philippines and a research fellow with Ágúman Sínúpan Singsing, an institute for indigenous advocacy and the study of Kapampángan language, history, and culture. Kirby is also well-known for his educationally engaging TH-cam channel where you can find videos about history, culture, and everything in between!
Dátû Kirby is an educator who is well-rooted in his culture and passionate about his colorful heritage (Kapampángan, Tagálog, Indigenous Áytá, Pangasinan, and Spanish-Basque-Portuguese Mestizo); he strives to decolonize Philippine history and democratize Ethnic Studies through knowledge and creativity. - บันเทิง
![Abducting the Prince of Luzon! ⚔️ [A Forgotten Spanish Encounter]](http://i.ytimg.com/vi/Cn0_EAhvktM/mqdefault.jpg)
![Abducting the Prince of Luzon! ⚔️ [A Forgotten Spanish Encounter]](/img/tr.png)
📚 My books, ebooks, coloring books, etc. - www.kirbyaraullo.com/shop
Awesome! Would love to buy some if I had the money :P
Also, you could pin this comment so more people would be able to see :D
Thank you! I thought I pinned it already lol thanks for the reminder!
No problem!! 😄
No thailan 😢 is Cambodia ❤
Mabuhay, Kirby!
As a mestizo who works close with federally-recognized tribes in the United States, I've enjoyed cultural discussions of parallels between eastern woodland natives of the Americas and indigenous people of the Philippine archipelago.
Nations such as the Cherokee, Lenape, Choctaw, Mvskoke, Mohawk, Seneca, etc all had matrilineal societies; one gets his or her clan membership through their mother's line. These societies were even matrifocal; men left their homes to live in their wife's home, or more so her mother's or mother's mother's home. While these villages and towns were led by male chiefs, these chiefs would not make any important decisions without discussing and receiving counsel from the women.
Also, within these societies the most important man in a boy's life isn't necessarily his biological father. A young boy learns everything from his maternal uncles; the men of the same clan as him.
Thank you so much for sharing!
There are indeed a lot of similarities 😊
@@KirbyAraullo
Btw, the Cherokee also were recorded to make a lot of noise during an eclipse... for belief that a giant toad is attempting to eat the sun and the moon. :P
@@sykeraid4944 It seems like in Java & Bali. We call it Butho or Buto.
The pre-Spanish Philippines is of great interest to me, it's good that you touched on marriages, and divorce.
A European of the period would have been shocked that a woman could have several children from different partners. That's why when they colonized the islands they imposed their repression to the people.
An episode on the marriage and sexual norms of the period might be interesting, it might get demonetized though. You're going to need Margie Holmes for that.
Dr. Margie Holmes! I remember her!
I hate European colonization but the tribes are backwards, having multiple baby daddies isn't good for a society. Destroy the nuclear family and society crumbles soon afterward
@@m.g.6394 But it’s accepted in the society which doesn’t cause the downfall of the society
@@hallooos7585 if a woman has multiple baby daddies she has to invest herself emotionally to multiple men which is hard to do. It's not healthy.
The nuclear family is the strongest model for society.
@@m.g.6394 It's not hard to do. Several tribes in India and Nepal still do that until now. They are polyandrous tribes.
09:49
Minangkabau people from West Sumatra province is such a rare case in Indonesia, their female dominated culture is so strong it survived the patrilineal structure from both Dutch and Islamic influences.
Their surname pass from mother to daughter, so does their inheritance.
Here in Indonesia among hundred of ethnic groups, perhaps Minangkabau is the only ethnic that we can find their diaspora in all islands in Indonesia from the western tip of Sumatra to the edge of New Guinea.
The matrilineal society might be the cause of Minangkabau men migrating because of the inheritance all goes to their daughters, hence the boys seek fortune in lands outside their homeland and also bring their culture to all other islands of Indonesia, hence we can find Rumah Makan Padang (Minangkabau Style Restaurant) in every part of the archipelago which one of the dishes that start getting recognize is Beef Rendang (originated from West Sumatra).
Great video 👍, love from Indoensia 🇮🇩
Terima Kasih!! 😊
Fun fact:
12:08 Minangkabau means 'Menang' (win) + 'Kerbau' (water buffalo), water buffalo is significant in their culture (Like India with cow) hence their female headress and traditional house (Rumah Gadang) resembles water buffalo's horn.
Good to know, thx
Southeast Asian female warriors is so underrated.
It's so sad that Philippines now do not know how accepting our ancestors were of all genders. ☹️
Hopefully we can still change that!
We should spread this kind of information!!!
There were only two gender.
Happy Women’s History Month! 🇵🇭💜🇨🇦 thanks Kirby for his video. Learning more about our peoples history as a Pinay living abroad
Thank you!!!! Hope you're doing well 😊
When I was in college, I wrote a world history paper on Corazon Aquino and the People Power Revolution. Little did I know that she was just the tip of the iceberg.
I don't believe she has the power even though she was a President. I believe she was a puppet of the new oligarchs , Liberal Party, and of the Catholic church who are all men.
@@RVS-fq4wh source?
Well, Cory was a president, Imelda was a Iconic, but only Miriam Santiago was a political phenomenon that created a dent in the universe as Asia’s Dragon Lady and also known as Iron Lady of Asia.
@@eduardochavacano I agree.
weird airport dude It’s the comment section and not a thesis proposal, where you have site a foot note for what is called “common knowledge” which don’t require quotation marks. You are free to argue, but discrediting someone by dropping a word like “source” is just making you sound like a lazy troll. Next time, at least try to at least compose a simple sentence to give yourself a dash of credibility.
Isaan region, where I am now, is known for women warriors. We have Lady Moo and her women soldiers who were able to subdue the Laotian conquerors.
Hi po, yes, actually kasali po si Lady Mo sa future video ko on women warriors hehe. Ang bangis po kasi ni Lola Mo haha
@@KirbyAraullo oo nga. kaya shared ko kay Kairos :)
I had to watch this again 😆 Thank you for the shout out again Kuya!
I wish Abs-cbn and GMA would make more movies about our history. Di lang lagi about third party keme or baril barilan. 😭
Salamat din 😊
Maraming salamat, bro who has explained about this video which reminds me of the previous struggles of women who were not only in the pre-colonial era, but during the colonial period as well as in my country (Indonesia) in fighting the Dutch colonialism to get their rights as in the pre-colonial era, as the forerunner will emancipate women. One of the most famous among these female heroes is R.A Kartini by creating a work entitled "Habis Gelap, Terbitlah Terang" (translate: After Dark, Comes Light) until her struggle is immortalized as Kartini Day on April 21.
Zayum we were so much more culturally and socially advaced back then than we are today
Yup!
Please ignore the haters who thinks Southeast Asia only refers to the mainland kaloka
Hopefully po you can also do a video about Precolonial Luzon architecture.
It's always been in my plans!
YOWN sa wakas may nagsabi rin bukod sakin
Ang gandang topic po nyan..
Noice! yan din sana ire-request ko kay Kuya Kirby hehehehehe
@@KirbyAraullo I believe we have stone structures in Luzon prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. Some were destroyed while the others were converted into forts and churches. Paoay Church, for example, has Hindu influences in its structure and motifs. That can't be coincidence.
Happy Women's Day sa inyong lahat!
I would imagine that families then were happier because they weren't forced to live in such a toxic family.
I agree with this 😊
I know right? And the people seem to have more freedom and opportunities...
Thanks kirby 🙂 I've learned a lot watching your videos, you deserve millions of of subscribers 🤗 more power..
Thank you 😊
Nicely done! I remember your old video about ancient women in the Philippines and the one on Raya. This is a great follow up and step up from that.
Meron ko video idea, please do all female Filipino Heroes in our history like Spanish era to Americans Philippines war, i feel like we dont know about of many Filipinos women heroes
meron na pero bigger scope chronologically and geographically.
You can find some of the ones I made in the past in this playlist 😊
The Fierce Women of Southeast Asia: th-cam.com/play/PLt2-0PpUhAt2owa52jpNTJ90TQzmgpJv0.html
How about philippine martial arts?
What a great video! I'm writing a brief essay for a history class, and you helped give me some great names I can research and use! I truly can't thank you enough.
Very well researched and not just hearsays. 👏🏽
There are some Queen of Javanese Kingdom could rule incredibly. One of them is Tribhuana Tungga Dewi of Majapahit.
Finally! ❤️🌟
Girl Power!! Also I was so excited when you said “Today’s sponsor…” coz you finally have a sponsor Pero ayun. Sike!! Hahahaha
✌️😂
Actually marami na din nag approach, mapili lang ako 😉
@@KirbyAraullo Ayernnnnnnnnn! 👌
And don't forget: The Great Queen of Java Ratu Shima of Kalingga, Gayatri Rajapatni of Majapahit, Tribuana Wijaya Tunggadewi Queen of Majapahit, Ratu Ayu Kencanawungu (Dyah Suhita) Queen of Majapahit, Sultanah Nahrasiyah Queen of Samudera Pasai, Sri Maharaja Rakai Layang Dyah Tulodong Sri Sajjana Sanmatanuraga Uttunggadewa (Dyah Tulodong) Queen of Mataram.
The Great Queen of Aceh: Sultanah Nur illaH (1380), Sultanah Safi'atuddin (1641-1675), Sultanah Nurul Alam Naqiatuddin Syah (1675-1677), Sultanah Inayah Zakiatuddin Syah (1677-1688), and Sultanah Kamal Zainatuddin Syah (1688-1699).
And we have hundreds of woman heroes and leaders from Ancient Indonesia.
Our ancestors also known not only two common gender in their society but there were third, fourth, and fifth of Gender.
Bravo equality!
2:52 I think those are my ancestors if I'm not mistaken... The Cagayanes
I'm so soooo happy I found this channel.
Thank you 😊
excellent content
Thank you!
Always amazed :)
Napakaganda ng pagkakagawa!
Women in Ancient South East Asia are fairly freer and more independent compared to those from other parts of the world. But when it comes to the ruling class, the men still have massive power over women. Male rulers, for example, can have several lovers and concubines aside from their wives, but female rulers can't enjoy having male lovers or concubines aside from their husbands. But on the lower social classes underneath nobility, there's a great level of equality.
Women are very tough in Southeast Asia and we have lots of ancestry history. in Vietnam women are very strong
These books are lit af! 🔥
I can't wait to get my own copies!
Thank you Haraya & Quinoakale! 😊
Austronesian history naman next please!
In Tagalog there is no He or She... There is only "Siya"
So does in Malay, we use the word 'dia' for both he and she .
@@anggitaputri3123 that's interesting, it only goes to show how gender neutral our languages are in SEA. Thanks for sharing.
@@silverholde1230 I guess the the Tagalog word 'siya' is Malay in origin coz its similarity to 'dia'.
Siya = Dia = he/she
Ako = Aku = I
Kita = Kita = We (inclusive)
Ikaw = Kau = You
@@anggitaputri3123 Hell no. Tagalog is older than Malay.
There is also the title 'apo' for both grandparent and grandchild
Kirby, could you do a video about the time when Ferdinand Marcos was the president? I know it can be a controversial topic, but I know how it has impacted my mom and family and would love to know more from a historian perspective! Salamat po!
Kirby may I ask where did you get your source on the Philippines being called a queen country in ancient asia ^-^
Many Filipina girls marry foreign men for money lol.
Please make more videos about female history
It seems the more sedentary and agricultural based a culture is the more the tendency towards patriarchy; nomadic, hunter gatherer, semi agricultural societies tend to be more flexible in terms of gender equality and sometimes become matriarchal. Europeans and Northeast Asians like Han Chinese, Japanese and Koreans tend to be more conservative and patriarchal while Southeast Asians and nomadic tribes like the Mongols tends to be less conservative and gives females more rights.
I thought we were agricultural too?
@@user-sb8ks1ij7b We in the earlier days are semi-agricultural with some amounts of hunter gathering and agricultural nomadism as exemplified by the practice of "kaingin farming" or slash and burn farming as well as a large emphasis on fishing and raw material extraction attainable only by foraging which is then used for trading purposes like wild bee's wax, sandal wood and jungle lacquer. Our settlements were also highly mobile and only semi permanent due to the nature of our building materials hence the more organic town planning of our settlements compared to the more space conscious grid pattern walled city planning of China and Europe. It was only after some time that we became more permanently settled and more agricultural based but still retained some of the gender equality to a large extent until the Spaniards came and imposed their societal norms on us. Cultures that allow women to participate in similar livelihood activities as men rather than having a more specialized household role tend to have more gender equality, hunter gathering like foraging is a shared activity between our genders making gender roles more fluid, foraging being a major part of our lifestyle due to the tropical nature of our environment meaning the availability of foraged foods and goods whole year round. Political systems and intensity of wars also plays a part with more advanced agricultural societies putting more emphasis on formal lots which deters foraging on a wider area and the intensity, seasonality and regularity of wars hence the need for compact walled cities and stone/permanent houses where women are given more gender specific roles.
@@oxvendivil442 Thanks for the info
The Malaysian state of Negeri Sembilan is the state of the minangkabau. The state's king called as "Yamtuan besar" and the royal house of Negeri Sembilan is the descendant of the minangese royal house of Pagaruyung. And the maternal system is still relevant within the local people. Although the law are still exist yet it only act as optional beside the civil and shariah court. Unlike the minangkabau of Sumatra, the minangkabau in negeri sembilan no longer speak the minangese language, but malay language with minang dialect. The minangkabau of Sumatra are proud with their nasi padang, sate padang and rendang. But the minangkabau of Negeri Sembilan are so proud with their smoked masak lomak cili api. It a savoury, creamy dish that give you a week of diarrhoea.
OMG thanks for your information, I never knew that Minangkabau and Negeri Sembilan is related! Indonesia and Malaysia are brothers forever
Can you please talk about makassar
Sultanate of Aceh was a great Empire back then they can resisted against European colonists even until Early 19 century but is kind a sad now seeing modern special autonomous province of Aceh now become one of the poorest province in Indonesia because of corruption and the un proper Sharia law that make Gender inequality in that province
Wow. Pre colonial Philippines was something else 🥺🧡 salamat po kuya Kirby! More power to your channel 🙏🏼
Kuya Kirby, Factual History po ba to or Speculative lang? kung factual po saan po mga evidence? Sana po masagot, thank youu
Hi! The sources he used are in the description. Hope this helps.
✌️🇵🇭🇵🇭👍
More interestingly Keumalahayati general admiral from Aceh, won the war by duel with cornellus de houtman
Yes, she did! She's also part of my book
I swear. Colonizers made culture so much less interesting. Gimme my precolonial gender equality back!
knowing and learning this today, seems impossible now.
Just see how things changed just because Europeans came.
In the old days, the bravest warrior worships the women!
Make a vlog about "Beauty Pageant" why Philippines so obsessed in Beauty Pageant? Thank you.
the answer to your question: we're bad ass. happy int'l womens day!
Lalu na kekatamung kapampangan maka Apu tamu.
Yup!
BAKIT GUSTO KO SI BBM? ❤️✌️
1. Gusto ko si BBM dahil isinusulong niya ang pagkakaisa nating mga Pilipino.
2. Gusto ko si BBM dahil siya'y maginoo at 'di nagpapaapekto sa sinasabi ng iba.
3. Gusto ko si BBM dahil galing siya sa kilala at makapangyarihang pamilya.
4. Gusto ko si BBM dahil suportado siya ng mga kilalang pulitiko.
PERO ANG IBOBOTO KO AY SI VP LENI ROBREDO.
Bakit si VP Leni Robredo?
1. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil wala siyang bahid ng corruption.
2. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil siya'y may prinsipyo at may malasakit sa mga tao lalong-lalo ang mga nasa laylayan, kababaihan, at kabataan.
3. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil siya'y nandya'n sa oras ng mga kalamidad, pandemya, o trahedya.
4. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil sa kanyang malinis na track record - walang record na niloko ang bayan.
5. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil siya'y may respeto sa batas, sa mga mamamayan, at sa Diyos.
6. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil siya'y isang ina na nakapagpalaki ng disente, matino, at matalino na anak habang siya'y nasa mataas na posisyon bilang isang bisepresidente.
7. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil siya'y may mataas na antas ng edukasyon (isang ekonomista at abogado).
8. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil marami na siyang napatunayan at nagawa (bago pa man ang eleksyon).
9. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil siya'y responsableng mamamayan na nagbabayad ng buwis tulad ko.
10. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil alam kong hindi niya sasayangin ang buwis na binabayad ko na kanyang pinatunayan sa mataas na rating ng COA sa Office of the VP.
11. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil ang mga prinsipyo at paniniwala niya ay angkop sa mga itinuro sa akin ng aking pamilya.
12. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil sa kanyang klarong mga plataporma.
13. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil hindi siya nagpapatinag sa kahit anumang pag-atake sa kanya ng kanyang mga kalaban sa pulitika.
14. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil alam kung hindi niya sasayangin at sisirain ang pagtitiwala ko sa kanyang kakayahang mamuno bilang PANGULO.
15. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil siya ang nagsisilbing liwanag sa dilim ng gobyernong makasarili at mapanlinlang.
16. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil sa siya ay nagbibigay inspirasyon para buhayin ang diwa ng volunteerism at pagmamahal sa kapwa at bayan na ipinakita ng kanyang mga supporters sa bawat lugar na dinadausan ng kanyang people's rally.
17. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil isinasaalang-alang niya ang kapakanan ng lahat ng mga mamamayan kahit na ano pa ang estado sa buhay.
18. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil hindi niya binibili ang dignidad ko bilang botante para lang mailuklok sa posisyong kanyang minimithi.
19. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil LUTANG siya. Lutang na lutang ang pagmamahal sa bayan at sa mga mamamayan. Lutang na lutang din ang kanyang credentials and platforms.
20. Iboboto ko si Leni dahil LUGAW siya. Leni is a
L - eader with
U - tmost decency,
G - good track records,
A - admirable character, and
W - holesome leadership.
Dahil dito, si VP LENI ROBREDO ang aking PANGULO. 💗
#LetLeniLead
#IpanaloNa10To #10RobredoForPresident
#GobyernongTapatAngatBuhayLahat
#KulayRosasAngBukas #SiguradoTayoKayLeni #LeniWalangAatrasan #AngatBuhayLahat #LeniAngatSaLahat #LetLeniLead2022 #LeniBusyPresidente
#LeniKiko2022
#LabanLeni2022 #RosasAngKulayNgBukas #KayLeniTayoAngPanalo #KayLeniPanaloTayo
The conservatives must see this! We must legalize divorce and abortion na! The SOGIE bill must also be put into law. Vote for progressive candidates! Vote for those who fight for women's & LGBTQ+ rights!
💖🌹💖
We never really had problems with women"s rights compared to other countries
Bruh stop use "south east Asia" when all u know are Filipino history . 6:40 thai scripture in 1400? At that period the "tai" tribes whose are now Thai were just immigrated to the Northern what is now Northern lao , the Thai writing was made 200 to 300 years later . South to what is now Malay west to India North to china and east to what is now mid Vietnam was called "KHMER empire" it was the empire of what is now Cambodia and it was khmer script since Mon and khmer spoke a very similar laugauge and pretty much the same race . And btw the background is also a khmer temple :) .
He has a point. The background for the 3 females was Angkor Wat which is Khmer. The people of what is now Thailand had lots of wars with the Khmers, you were talking of Thai, using Khmer visiuals. It might be considered as mis-appropriation.
On the other hand LOL.
I think Kirby is mainly pointing out the role differences of women from Europe versus South East Asia in the pre colonial times. It Women's Day after all :)
What is now ASEAN is very diverse, and at the same it had contacts with each other through religion, trade, wars, marriages. To properly document the history of all the peoples is a daunting task.
The background is not a Khmer temple lol. It's the ruins from Ayutthaya in what is now Thailand. Not Khmer.
But the background is not Angkor Wat. It's the ruins from Ayutthaya in what is now Thailand.
@@quinoakalegreen4064 that is khmer temple and ayodthiyea was also a khmer city .
8:00 I hope we could legalize divorce now in the Philippines!
Magaling din ang babae lalu na kung maganda ang pasunod( discipline) Nila. Pero lalake ang binasbasan ng Dios Para mag Hari at mangasiwa. Katuwang talaga ng lalake ang babae. Magkatulong sila dapat.
Stop using south east Asia please use Malay archipelago instead it is very irritating when he knew nothing about the mainland history .
He included both maritime and mainland south east asia in his video, so whats your point?
That doesn't include thailand tho.
@@weirdairportdude7215Bro, Pattani and Sukhothai (featured in this video) are now parts of Thailand.
It seems like you're the only one irritated. Are you one of those people who believe that "Southeast Asia" only refers to the mainland? lol
@@anggitaputri3123 well he got the mainland story all messed up .
the answer to your question: we're bad ass. happy int'l womens day!