I love how you are telling a story and explaining the physics at the same time. I am currently learning Maxwell equations at school and this video helps me understand it in a more historical way. Thanks!
@lukasrafajpps Let me start by saying this is an amazing explanation. I clicked on this video because I was curious from its title and it is absolutely superb. Your coverage of the historical development along with the experiments that lead to it is much appreciated. Your explanation of the surface integral with the plastic bottles is intuitive and something I see myself using when I try to explain the concept to my students. Lastly, your explanation of the displacement term and its importance to electromagnetic waves is just the icing on the cake. The animations were great as well, what tool did you use to create them? Thank you for this video and keep up the good work. I will try to check out other videos on your channel and hope it grows especially if this is the quality of the videos you produce. Amazing job
Hi, thank you very much for such a nice comment I am using adobe animate to produce animations and davinci resolve to put everything together but the downside of adobe animate is its lack of 3D capabilities
Thanks again for making this video. Very interesting. I’d like to add that displacement current must be alternating in order to produce electromagnetic wave that propagate in space. A transient, impulse however can only produce static electromagnetic but wave. That isn’t apparent in Maxwell’s equation on the first sight.
Have you looked into the work of Roger Boskovich? His 'Theories of Natural Philosophy' (published in the mid 1700s) is thought to have inspired Faraday's thinking. He was radical in conjecturing that atoms were constellations of energetic forces and he'd worked out - along with mathematical equations - theories of Continuity and Mutuality.
I once started to read some Maxwell' paper on electromagnetism... I've had given up at 3rd page 'cause of an old notation 😅 Thank God and french people for international unit system SI🙏 Your videos are great mix of strong explanation of some complex concepts and historical chronology. Science concepts are really much more interesting and understandable within their historical context with understanding of ways of thinking of explorers.
@@lukasrafajppsnot true. You are conflating causality with equality. All that is needed to derive the wave equation is the equality. You may like to look up Jefimenko.
Ampere’s work has been translated to English? Ampère's Electrodynamics: Assis, Andre Koch Torres, Chaib, J. P. M. C. There is a complete and commented translation of his first paper on electrodynamics. A large bibliography is included at the end of the book.
How does an ion engine with electrostatic accelerating field works ? Specifically, where and how is the power from the power source is doing work besides propellant ionization and during the propellant ions insertion into the electrostatic accelerating field ? This power should be proportional to the electrostatic accelerating field voltage, yet it must not be applied to the electrostatic mesh but must be applied to propellant ions. What is going on in there ? Are the ions under pressure inside the engine ? Does creating an ion in the pressurized environment require extra energy in proportion to the pressure ?
Hi Lukás Rafaj, I am very influenced by your videos, they're very well depicted as well as discussed. So, I want to request a single detailed video on Einstein field equations and its derivation in which it is in the simplest form 𝐆 = 8π 𝐓 , as written in the Gravitation MTW textbook.🎉🎉
that is actually nice video idea though it would be best to do it for someone with better 3D animation capabilities :D (like @dialectphilosophy) that is why I am partly avoiding GR becasue it is hard to demonstrate for me. But maybe in the future I will make one.
I'm super interested in the r^3 term that pops up in some of these equations, however when I go to google it, no mention of r^3, only r^2. I noted that Grassmann mentioned a quaternion product. Is it safe to conclude the equations used today solve the problem with quaternions? Then if so, are there some examples where the modern equations break down?
@@lukasrafajpps That is not making sense. Lacking proper typeface, let me use for the unit vector. r*r* = r^2, not r^3. Then again, I am having trouble with the word "nominator". There is the numerator and the denominator. The numerator is above the denominator.
@@johnfitzgerald8879 oh sorry I used my czech jargon for it thinking it is the same in English, there is vector r in the numerator which is not a unit vector but a proper distance vector which has the same magnitude as scalar r in denominator and therefore if ve have /r^3 the resulting magnitude goes as 1/r^2
One can extend Maxwell's equations from quaternions into octonions in order to derive extended electrogavitational equations. I wrote a paper on the subject a bit ago.
For illustration. It's too bad that TH-cam doesn't seem to want to give the equations in their full form but this may give you an idea referring to the field equations. Octonionic Representation of Fields We start by expressing the electromagnetic field tensor and gravitational contributions in octonionic form. Define the field octonion: F = \vec{E} + i\vec{B} + j\vec{G}, : Electric field components. : Magnetic field components. : Gravitational potential and field contributions. : Octonionic imaginary units (). The differential octonion operator is: \mathcal{D} = \partial_t + abla, The octonionic Maxwell-like equation becomes: \mathcal{D} F = \mathcal{J}, --- 2. Specific Solutions Example: Electrogravitational Wave Solution Assume a plane wave solution for : F = F_0 e^{i(kx - \omega t)}, Substitute into the octonionic equation : (\partial_t + abla) F_0 e^{i(kx - \omega t)} = 0. Separate into components: For electromagnetic fields: \omega \vec{E} - k \times \vec{B} = 0, \omega \vec{B} + k \times \vec{E} = 0. ] For gravitational fields:
abla \times \vec{G} + \frac{\partial \vec{G}}{\partial t} = 0. ] These equations describe coupled electromagnetic and gravitational waves, predicting their mutual propagation. There's a part of the foundations for a series of advanced applications I have derived.
Great video. As a feedback, the "tick" sound when things get marked in the video is a nice touch, but it was a bit too "aggressive" to my ears (using earbuds) - maybe it's a bit loud, but maybe also a bit "harsh"? Or maybe it's just me : p
That's are not Maxwell equations, are Heaviside ones. Real Maxwell equations are in Quaternions, in such a way that momentums, positions, space, intervals, charge and electricity and magnetism (even spins) are packaged in real and true vector notation. This doesn't mean that i don't ❤ ❤❤ this chanel, it's pure water.
Hi, I am aware of the quaternion form but I didn't want to go very deep. If already feel like I said too much detail for the original purpose of this video. I am glad you like the channel :)
You are forgetting MacCullagh who wrote the first wave equation (but through a crystal) many years before! Look up James MacCullagh of Trinity College Dublin. The great George F.FitzGerald (of "FitzGerald-Lorentz" Length Contraction) was a champion of MacCullagh's work
Thanks for the forecast! Just a quick off-topic question: My OKX wallet holds some USDT, and I have the seed phrase. (alarm fetch churn bridge exercise tape speak race clerk couch crater letter). Could you explain how to move them to Binance?
About that idea that in electromagnetic waves the changing electric and magnetic fields induce each other, there is this video I can't help but agree with: th-cam.com/video/uZnXhRgztEg/w-d-xo.html Could you take a look at it? I'm curious what someone with the proper academical background would think of it.
“The Final Theory: Rethinking Our Scientific Legacy “, Mark McCutcheon,2002/2010 for proper physics including the CAUSE of gravity, electricity, magnetism, light and well..... everything.
I am trying but I didn't have the privilege to visit any English-speaking country yet so gaining a proper accent is difficult especially since in my field if I have to speak English to someone it is usually someone who has also a strong accent.
Aren't those four equations Heaviside's equations? Maxwell had 20 equations that were solved with quaternions. He didn't come up with those simplifications himself. Everyone keeps attributing them to Maxwell, but I think that was originally an attempt at making Heaviside disappear because he was unpopular.
I love how you are telling a story and explaining the physics at the same time. I am currently learning Maxwell equations at school and this video helps me understand it in a more historical way.
Thanks!
Me too
This channel is a goldmine
@lukasrafajpps Let me start by saying this is an amazing explanation. I clicked on this video because I was curious from its title and it is absolutely superb. Your coverage of the historical development along with the experiments that lead to it is much appreciated. Your explanation of the surface integral with the plastic bottles is intuitive and something I see myself using when I try to explain the concept to my students. Lastly, your explanation of the displacement term and its importance to electromagnetic waves is just the icing on the cake. The animations were great as well, what tool did you use to create them?
Thank you for this video and keep up the good work. I will try to check out other videos on your channel and hope it grows especially if this is the quality of the videos you produce. Amazing job
Hi, thank you very much for such a nice comment I am using adobe animate to produce animations and davinci resolve to put everything together but the downside of adobe animate is its lack of 3D capabilities
Thanks again for making this video. Very interesting.
I’d like to add that displacement current must be alternating in order to produce electromagnetic wave that propagate in space.
A transient, impulse however can only produce static electromagnetic but wave. That isn’t apparent in Maxwell’s equation on the first sight.
Have you looked into the work of Roger Boskovich? His 'Theories of Natural Philosophy' (published in the mid 1700s) is thought to have inspired Faraday's thinking. He was radical in conjecturing that atoms were constellations of energetic forces and he'd worked out - along with mathematical equations - theories of Continuity and Mutuality.
I once started to read some Maxwell' paper on electromagnetism... I've had given up at 3rd page 'cause of an old notation 😅
Thank God and french people for international unit system SI🙏
Your videos are great mix of strong explanation of some complex concepts and historical chronology. Science concepts are really much more interesting and understandable within their historical context with understanding of ways of thinking of explorers.
I agree I always felt I understant the physical theory more if I learned the history
Will you please discuss Faraday's disk-generator, and the Faraday paradox?
16:12 not quite, it’s charge and current density which create them (great video btw)
If only that was true then EM-wave would not be able to propagate through wacuum no?
@@lukasrafajppsnot true. You are conflating causality with equality. All that is needed to derive the wave equation is the equality. You may like to look up Jefimenko.
@@briansauk6837 Oh I know where you are comming from. My next planned video was about to touch this issue a bit but I probably add more to it then
Maxwell's four equations of electromagnetic waves drove us crazy during higher education. A real torture.
I like how you (almost uniquely!) correctly pronounce Maxwell's middle name. I say "almost" because I have not heard a Scot mispronounce it. Yet.
Ampere’s work has been translated to English?
Ampère's Electrodynamics: Assis, Andre Koch Torres, Chaib, J. P. M. C.
There is a complete and commented translation of his first paper on electrodynamics. A large bibliography is included at the end of the book.
How does an ion engine with electrostatic accelerating field works ?
Specifically, where and how is the power from the power source is doing work besides propellant ionization and during the propellant ions insertion into the electrostatic accelerating field ?
This power should be proportional to the electrostatic accelerating field voltage, yet it must not be applied to the electrostatic mesh but must be applied to propellant ions.
What is going on in there ?
Are the ions under pressure inside the engine ?
Does creating an ion in the pressurized environment require extra energy in proportion to the pressure ?
Sounds good thanks.
Check out "Faraday, Maxwell and the Electromagnetic Field: How two men revolutionized Physics" by Nancy Forbes & Basil Mahon.
Very good video.
Hi Lukás Rafaj, I am very influenced by your videos, they're very well depicted as well as discussed. So, I want to request a single detailed video on Einstein field equations and its derivation in which it is in the simplest form 𝐆 = 8π 𝐓 , as written in the Gravitation MTW textbook.🎉🎉
that is actually nice video idea though it would be best to do it for someone with better 3D animation capabilities :D (like @dialectphilosophy) that is why I am partly avoiding GR becasue it is hard to demonstrate for me. But maybe in the future I will make one.
@@lukasrafajpps deberías traducir tus videos a español tendrían buena acepta 👍🏻
@@lukasrafajpps it's okay but try to make in future, it will also enhance your channel.
I'm super interested in the r^3 term that pops up in some of these equations, however when I go to google it, no mention of r^3, only r^2. I noted that Grassmann mentioned a quaternion product. Is it safe to conclude the equations used today solve the problem with quaternions? Then if so, are there some examples where the modern equations break down?
It is still r^2 but sometimes it is written as r^3 since one r is in nominator used as a vector instead of scalar
@@lukasrafajpps That is not making sense. Lacking proper typeface, let me use for the unit vector. r*r* = r^2, not r^3. Then again, I am having trouble with the word "nominator". There is the numerator and the denominator. The numerator is above the denominator.
@@johnfitzgerald8879 oh sorry I used my czech jargon for it thinking it is the same in English, there is vector r in the numerator which is not a unit vector but a proper distance vector which has the same magnitude as scalar r in denominator and therefore if ve have /r^3 the resulting magnitude goes as 1/r^2
One can extend Maxwell's equations from quaternions into octonions in order to derive extended electrogavitational equations. I wrote a paper on the subject a bit ago.
For illustration. It's too bad that TH-cam doesn't seem to want to give the equations in their full form but this may give you an idea referring to the field equations.
Octonionic Representation of Fields
We start by expressing the electromagnetic field tensor and gravitational contributions in octonionic form. Define the field octonion:
F = \vec{E} + i\vec{B} + j\vec{G},
: Electric field components.
: Magnetic field components.
: Gravitational potential and field contributions.
: Octonionic imaginary units ().
The differential octonion operator is:
\mathcal{D} = \partial_t +
abla,
The octonionic Maxwell-like equation becomes:
\mathcal{D} F = \mathcal{J},
---
2. Specific Solutions
Example: Electrogravitational Wave Solution
Assume a plane wave solution for :
F = F_0 e^{i(kx - \omega t)},
Substitute into the octonionic equation :
(\partial_t +
abla) F_0 e^{i(kx - \omega t)} = 0.
Separate into components:
For electromagnetic fields:
\omega \vec{E} - k \times \vec{B} = 0,
\omega \vec{B} + k \times \vec{E} = 0. ]
For gravitational fields:
abla \cdot \vec{G} - \frac{\partial \Phi_g}{\partial t} = 0,
abla \times \vec{G} + \frac{\partial \vec{G}}{\partial t} = 0. ]
These equations describe coupled electromagnetic and gravitational waves, predicting their mutual propagation. There's a part of the foundations for a series of advanced applications I have derived.
Sir can you respond to recent dialect video if you have time
Great video.
As a feedback, the "tick" sound when things get marked in the video is a nice touch, but it was a bit too "aggressive" to my ears (using earbuds) - maybe it's a bit loud, but maybe also a bit "harsh"? Or maybe it's just me : p
I agree. It wasn't terrible, but it was a bit unpleasant.
I agree I have to find a better sound effects overall
That's are not Maxwell equations, are Heaviside ones. Real Maxwell equations are in Quaternions, in such a way that momentums, positions, space, intervals, charge and electricity and magnetism (even spins) are packaged in real and true vector notation.
This doesn't mean that i don't ❤ ❤❤ this chanel, it's pure water.
Hi, I am aware of the quaternion form but I didn't want to go very deep. If already feel like I said too much detail for the original purpose of this video. I am glad you like the channel :)
They are Maxwell's equations in Heaviside form. Maxwell was the first to write them, regardless of the notational system used.
You are forgetting MacCullagh who wrote the first wave equation (but through a crystal) many years before! Look up James MacCullagh of Trinity College Dublin. The great George F.FitzGerald (of "FitzGerald-Lorentz" Length Contraction) was a champion of MacCullagh's work
What you said.
I had been reading about this today and I was fortunate to find this in my TH-cam feed. That was really helpful and insightful. Thanks!
✨️🙂✨️
on a side notice, your have a pianist hand...potential for a second talent after physics.
Thanks for the forecast! Just a quick off-topic question: My OKX wallet holds some USDT, and I have the seed phrase. (alarm fetch churn bridge exercise tape speak race clerk couch crater letter). Could you explain how to move them to Binance?
About that idea that in electromagnetic waves the changing electric and magnetic fields induce each other, there is this video I can't help but agree with: th-cam.com/video/uZnXhRgztEg/w-d-xo.html
Could you take a look at it? I'm curious what someone with the proper academical background would think of it.
“The Final Theory: Rethinking Our Scientific Legacy “, Mark McCutcheon,2002/2010 for proper physics including the CAUSE of gravity, electricity, magnetism, light and well..... everything.
pronounced ampia
Terrible english accent- russia? Please do smthng with pronnounciation
I am trying but I didn't have the privilege to visit any English-speaking country yet so gaining a proper accent is difficult especially since in my field if I have to speak English to someone it is usually someone who has also a strong accent.
Shame on you) He does a great job. What's the matter of his accent, if his pronounciation is enough to understand for foreign english speakers?
I understood it all just fine. No problems.
Aren't those four equations Heaviside's equations? Maxwell had 20 equations that were solved with quaternions. He didn't come up with those simplifications himself. Everyone keeps attributing them to Maxwell, but I think that was originally an attempt at making Heaviside disappear because he was unpopular.