Transitive vs Intransitive Verbs┃I'm Breaking vs It's Broken
ฝัง
- เผยแพร่เมื่อ 26 ส.ค. 2024
- Watch the LONGER lesson on Patreon
More example sentences, more grammar points to learn
- bit.ly/2qIvPkA
This time we'll learn what transitive & intransitive（自動詞 & 他動詞) are
and how to use them correctly.
★ It's open vs I'm opening it.
☆ My computer is broken. vs I'm breaking my computer.
★ The light turned on / off.
☆ Don't use the word "fall" around students?!
Other forms you should learn:
しまう / ちゃう form.
てしまう / ちゃう lesson ⇓
• #45 てしまう / ちゃう How To ...
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Here's another way to think about transitive vs. intransitive verbs (in pretty much any language): An intransitive verb is a verb that the subject acts upon itself and therefore the verb doesn't require an object. For example, "run," "walk," "sleep," and "talk" are all great examples of intransitive verbs. When I say "I run" or "I walk" or "I sleep" or "I talk" the meaning is something like "I cause myself to run, walk, sleep, talk, etc." But we don't typically say, "I run myself down the street" or "I talked myself to my mother about the movie." We just say "I run down the street" or "I talked to my mother about the movie." Most of the time when we use intransitive verbs, the subject of the verb is doing that verb on itself, by itself, or to itself.
With transitive verbs, on the other hand, the actor does the action of the verb on something other than himself, herself, or itself.... generally. There are exceptions. But some great examples of transitive verbs are "throw," "drop," "lift," "hit," etc. For example, we wouldn't generally say "I threw" all by itself. We would only say "I threw SOMETHING." We wouldn't generally say "I hit," but rather "I hit SOMETHING" or "I hit SOMEBODY." These words require a SOMETHING or a SOMEBODY to act upon. That SOMETHING or SOMEBODY is the direct object of the sentence.
Exceptions: sometimes a subject of a sentence can use a transitive verb upon itself when that item is also the object. For example, someone might say "I hit myself in the head with a hammer." But here, we're emphasizing that the subject of the sentence was ALSO the object of the sentence. Also, in English, we will sometimes use what is typically an intransitive verb in a transitive way. Usually we do this to emphasize EFFORT or to imply we needed to force ourselves to do something. For example, we might say, "I ran myself around the block," rather than "I ran around the block." This subtly implies that I needed to exert some extra effort, or I need to force myself to do the action.
We can do this in English because in English most verbs have BOTH a transitive and an intransitive sense. The same verb can be used both ways, so we get used making the distinction between the transitive and intransitive sense of a verb by the presence or absence of an object in the sentence. So English speakers don't pay much attention to the transitive or intransitive nature of the verb, the just pay attention to the presence or absence of an object in the sentence to tell where the action of the verb is being acted upon. In Japanese, this isn't the case. Since the transitive and intransitive senses of an action are two different, distinct words it's important to use the correct one in Japanese.
Fantastic explanation!
Exactly.. people would assume it works the same in English grammar..
If I could like this a million times I would. Thank you so much.
Please explain this to me then:
"I walked my dog this morning."
"I ran my car down the highway."
"I just go to the edge and drop." (e.g. free climber w/ parachute)
"I go in the ring and just hit." (or more naturally "I just punch", also an "intransitive" verb... or is it?)
"Do you even lift, bruh?"
@@aimu_1111 by that logic 寝る (to sleep) should rather be a transitive verb, not an intransitive verb like Misa said it is... I'm utterly confused.
THIS is defnitely one of the hardest elements of Japanese grammar for learners.
Alucard J.B M.P for sure im learning japanese grammar and one thing leads to the other this is the hardest thing ive encountered
これが私に本当に簡単じゃった
@@Kreedo1110 しちゃう or じゃう tends to have the sense of a somewhat negative outcome.
Take the example, "Because I went to a bad school I *ended up* only learning about intransitive verbs".
This could reasonably use the ちゃう form, like, "...習っちゃった。".
This is off the cuff so might well be missing important details in my explanation.
The grammar is described in detail on p.405 of the dictionary of basic japanese.
The more I learn Japanese, the more I appreciate how simple English is
@@tehyonglip9203 Thats true, and english even is my first language lol
2:36 “Misa says ‘fart’”
Me: *surprised Pikachu meme*
k
Haha
Ive been studying Japanese for 10 years and I can say that mastering intransitive and transitive verbs is probably the second most important thing you can know....
It is sooooooooo important not to confuse them together
How much years would you say it took for you to be able to communicate with someone?
10 years???? Bloody hell! What hope there is for the rest of us then
@@hinamatsuro1908it depends on one's ability I've been learning for 2.5 months and i can carry simple conversation easily
@@Hi-to-riit's not that hard lol
Your English is perfect, and you explain things in such great detail that its so easy to understand. Thank you so much for all your hard work to make these videos for us.
I reviewed this today and in doing so I again realize how incredibly good and professional your lessons are. 💖 🌹
28:05 best explanation on the internet XD, binge-watching your videos is like the most productive thing
Didn't expect to see you here! Hello Rafi
自動詞 じどうし intransitive
他動詞 たどうし transitive
自 self
他 others
動詞 verb
Oh lol, this is an awesome way of remembering it.
Wait: Can you explain me how this helps?
UpdateDotExe i think it is useful to know how the part you are learning about is called. Than you can ask the japanese about some grammar in ordinary life. For example if japanese told you a verb , but u don't know is it transitive or intransitive , how the f*k u should ask him about ?
@@w0e.666 Yeah, that makes sense ^^
But can you remember what the verb type (trans / intrans) is for by the self and other thing?
For example, intransitive verbs include the 自 / self. But why do they include this?
UpdateDotExe because if you open the door is 他 , but if the door opens itself is 自.
開ける - somebody opens other thing (door)
開く - the thing opens itself
UpdateDotExe its kinda simple logic, you watched whole video and didn't get the point why those verbs are separated in two categories ?
Something that helped me guess the meaning in the plain and 〜ている with verbs like 愛す and 壊れる was a chart I saw in a completely different video that splits up verbs into whats called their lexical aspect. The wikipedia for lexical aspect can explain this much better but it's basically the inherent process and endpoint of a verb.
Reach (a peak, for example) - Telic, punctual - achievement. There is no inherent process in the final verb but there is a clear endpoint.
Drown - Telic, durative - Accomplishment. There is a process and a pre-established end point.
Clap - Telic, punctual - Semelfactive. There is no process and no clear end point (typically "instant" verbs like knock, sneeze, etc.)
Walk - Atelic, durative - activity. There is a process to walking but there is not a pre-established endpoint.
Know - Static, durative - stative. Simply a state
In Japanese, I've noticed that a stative verb (like know, love, break, die, etc) in the 〜ている form turns into that state being experienced in the constructed tense.
I love ➤ 愛し*ている* (I am experiencing love right now)
I know that dog ➤ あの犬を知*っている* (i am experiencing the knowledge of that dog)
I am not dead ➤ 死ん*でいない* (I am not experiencing death)
I find it super cool because in English, those same verbs cannot be put into the continuous form unlike Japanese (Except with verbs like breaking which refer to the coming of the event (being broke) which technically isnt the continuous aspect. But in a few cases like 'knowing' the continuous aspect makes no sense amd doesn't sound right). So because 知っている is used instead of 知る, that means 知る means something like 'to have knowledge of,' in sort of an abstract sense. Super cool, I think!
Its really strange to think about, like, verbs have even more meaning beyond their dictionary meaning? It's crazy, but it let me guess that to say 'the computer is broken' would need the 〜ている form. In other news, the way the continuous aspect interacts with all the different lexical aspects is super weird, just like Japanese. I don't know any 'instant' verbs in Japanese so I can't say anything about that, but in English the continuous aspect means that the action occurs multiple times (knocking, sneezing, clapping, etc.). How wild is that!
I've been studying Japanese for over a year and kept putting off learning the difference between Transitive/Intransitive verbs. I just kind of went with the flow and hoped for the best...Then I ran into a chapter in my Kanji book all about Intransitive and Transitive verbs. This absolutely helped so much, thank you so much.
In Soviet Russia, store opens you!
Michael Reitz
I had to laugh to hard because it actually made sense.
@@WaaDoku how tho
@@mk007__ I am Russian, we don't have sentences like this lol
@@VictorTalking it's a common format, "somewhere, you do something, in Soviet Russia, SOMETHING does YOU" and you substitute the actions, it's not based off the language
In Soviet Russia, the actions substitute you
I was really confused when coming upon transitive and intransitive verbs during my Anki vocab study, and found this video. I really like how you pointed out the major difference between "the computer broke" and "the computer broke (something).
It actually reminded me that we also have the same thing in my native language, Arabic, but forgot about it since I'm learning Japanese through English! It's useful to try to translate into a 2nd language if you know more than 2 languages (+Japanese) and don't understand something through English because of its specific grammer
In Arabic, the verb word stays the same but you just add a letter (ن) before it, think like a particle, to signify "it broke / نكسر" and not "it broke something / كسر"
The Zenzenzense video has some good information on the んだ for those that wanted to know more. The song uses it a lot!
Thank yoouu for another awesome lesson!! Can you please make a video explaining how to use "each" or "every" ( たとえば ごとに、それぞれ、ざまざま、ずつ、etc)
I agree with you
I am in 300 level Japanese right now and we are going over these. So, this is helpful. ありがとうございます!
20:57 Hey, that's not true! We in Russia have transitive and intrasitive verbs too! "The store is open" would be either "Магазин открылся" or "Магазин открыт". "The store opens smth" on the other hand would be "Магазин открывает что-то". To make a verb intransitive we usually just add "ся" at the end, in this case "открывать" - "открываться" (открылся is the past tense) and "открыт" means it was opened by smbd and is still open. But anyway, great video as always :)
20:55 in Soviet Russia, Store opens you. HAHAHA
Thanks. I have been watching this but my old slow brain is having a hard time processing it. another 27 views and i'll have it . Thanks again!
watashi wa okimochi wa yoku wakarimasu (I now how you feel about having an old slow brain ! :) watashi wa oniji desu
First of all, you need to know what an intransitive and a transitive verb is. When I learned this I could understand this lesson since before, I had had been so confused indeed. I hope this help you a bit at least 😊 just keep on practicing and you will make it for sure.
I hope you are at a intermediate level now by watching her videos.
@@BiGSmoke-.- Well, I am still here and still a Patreon subscriber. However, I have had to return to the backwoods of NW Alabama. Everyone here speaks hillbilly only.😁
本当にありがとうみさ先生。I definitely didn't know the differences between 出す and 出る the other verbs as well, so I really appreciate your videos !
OMG!! Thank you so much!! You have no idea how much this helped me! I already graduated college so my Japanese studies are over but I make it a point to study at least an hour each day so that don’t forget what I know and so that I can learn new nouns/adjectives/adverbs/verbs/etc... I try to make my own sentences based off what I know and what I’m learning and I was having a hard time understanding how to a transitive verb in a situation where I didn’t know/didn’t see the action being performed by somebody, so I automatically assumed that I would have to use an intransitive verb but couldn’t find one anywhere!! I was really confused, but when you explained that the dropping of the subject didn’t change the fact that it’s still a transitive verb...that helped me SOOO MUCH!! Sorry the longest comment ever (lol); I was just so excited that I finally got it!! Again, thank you so much!!
2:34 that must be a strong fart lol
So far, this is the most adequate explanation i have found for this topic. Very glad to stumble upon Misa Sensei's channel!
I'm glad that my language has a clear distinction between these! It would be hard if English was my first language. After intransitive verbs we always add this thing that means 'oneself'.
Zbić- to break (sth)
Zbić się- (sth) breaks
This is exactly what I thought. I think all Slavic and Romance languages have this feature
Brilliant again! Every time I have a question about something it turns out that you've already made a video explaining it. You're a natural teacher. Thanks so much.
Nice video. Two quick points.
1. A lot of English verbs which are thought to be either intransitive or transitive are actually both. You mention "sleep" as being intransitive, but in English "sleep" is also transitive. Ex. "He sleeps a dreamless sleep" or "This bed sleeps four people." Also in English, it's the usage that is intr. or tr. (Intransitive Ex: "Are you hungry?...No, I ate this morning.") (Transitive Ex: " Are you hungry?... No, I ate four eggs this morning.")
2. There are a few rules for telling which verb in a tr-intr pair is which.
1st. If the verb ends in す it is always transitive. Your example: 消す= transitive.
2nd If the verb ends in -aru (eg. まる、がる) it is always intransitive. Your example 閉まる= intransitive.
The only exceptions to these two rules are verbs which are not part of a tr/int pair and are both tr. and intr., which are very rare. I can't think of one right now.
A new world opens for me with these Transitive and Intransitive verbs, i mean i understand what is it about , you are explaing very well , now its time for me for practicing . Thank you very much ! i really appreciate !
Hey Misa!
Love your videos, you always go into so much depth about the grammar and situations! You’re definitely one of the few great Japanese teachers on the internet!
I agree with the person below. Your English comprehension is insane.
Your channel is amazing! I have almost watched all your videos this week. I'll do the N4 exam next year so this channel is my best summary to practice and review 🤗 greetings from Argentina!
I just wanted to say a BIG thank you for everything you do for us, learners. I'm currently studying for jlpt N4 and going through 日本語総まとめ was really challenging and confusing but having your well made and beautiful videos explaining in such fine details just makes everything more clear and logicall for me. 本当にありがとうございます、みさ先生🫶🩷🪷
This was really in depth and helpful THANK YOUUUU
In english you would pretty much just use the passive form when you use a intransitive verb in japanese.
I opened the door= ドアをあげた
The door was opened = ドアが開いた
ドアが開いた - The door opened
ドアが開けられた - The door was opened
Isn’t it?
@@yutassmilehealsme6572 yes, That’s the passive form, but you wouldn‘t really say it like this in japanese.
Like in english, you normally use the passive form in more formal ways, and also if you want to tell the story from you Perspective.
But if you want to talk about an action without talking about the actor, you use the intransitive form in japanese - but in english u just use the passive form. - is what i was trying to say
@@Vivi-mp9nn ah yeah I think I get what you mean! Thank you I was getting confused between the two
awesome!! we just covered these verbs last time in class and everyone had a hard time comprehending it. thank you very much for your explanation!!!
@Japanese Ammo with Misa It’s helpful for me to remember that transitive verbs use the 「を」particle while intransitive verbs need the 「が」particle.
You're so good at teaching, Misa-sensei! But this is so difficult :(((
I imagine it would be very fun hanging out and having conversations with you, it seems you use/remember many references for you humor XD
same concept in Arabic :D i love how SURPRISINGLY similar Arabic and Japanese are !!
I am Russian and we don't say "store opens me", I don't know what it means. Please, don't make it seem like Russian language is weird lol Great video btw! Thank you!
I studied Japanese for a few years and had several different teachers and they all sort of disappointed me, but you are so good at explaining the language that I want to start learning again. みさ先生、日本語を教えてくれてありがとうございます💕
Omg.. Thank you! 😢I literally wanted to know about this for a while
I find this topic really easy as Finnish also has intransitive and transitive verbs!!
Hajota = to break
Hajottaa = to break something
All of the languages I'm familiar with have transitive and intransitive verbs, including English. The definition of transitivity is that transitive verbs accept a direct object. English too distinguishes transitive and intransitive verbs, although they may be spelled and pronounced the same. That's because of the heavy usage of conversion in English.
What you probably meant was that in Finnish, unlike English, transitive and intransitive verbs are morphologically different. It's the same in Russian, though in most of those cases we don't have intransitive counterparts for transitive verbs; instead, we'd use a reflexive verb to mean that the action happened on its own. "Сломать" -- to break (smth), "сломаться" -- to break as in "to get broken").
SUOMI
Suomi mainittu...
I think it's similar to the way some verbs work in Spanish and in other romance languages.
romper and romperse both mean to break but as in japanese
La computadora rompió
The computer broke
here a Direct Object is needed, what did the computer broke?
La computadora _se_ rompió
The computer broke _itself_
Where _se_ it's referring to the subject such as "me rompió" broke me, "te rompió" broke you, "nos rompió" broke us, etc
But you don't really think about that the computer did something to broke itself, it is used as something that happened abruptly probably by someone or something you don't know.
Other Examples
La luz fue. The light went
La luz se fue. The light has gone
La puerta abrió. The door opened (something)
La puerta se abrió. The door opened (itself)
One of my teachers once said that the verbs form pairs meaning ‘breaks” and “causes (s/th) to break, “(s/th) turns off” and “causes (s/th) to turn off” etc. I found this to be very helpful. If it doesn’t work for you, keep looking for a better explanation. This is hard concept in Japanese! Ganbatte Kudasai!
Self move and other move
ありがとうございますみさ先生🙏🏼
Wow, I finally I understood it! Thank you so much! For a long time I thought that these pairs are about passive voice but it's all about を objects. That knowledge helps a lot. Thanks again :-)
widze ze sprzed roku ale niewazne. Dziwne ze jako polak nie rozumiales tego od razu. Przeciez my tez uzywamy takich form. が robi za "się"(zepsuł-こわれた)
@@Pako9713 Tak, tak. Potem to zrozumiałem i tak właśnie sobie zacząłem tłumaczyć. Po prostu ta terminologia kojarzyła mi się z możliwością tworzenia strony biernej lub jej brakiem.
W każdym razie dzięki.
It's easy to understand bc you explain many times the same sentences. Very good 👍
Sensei, I'm happy to have another of your greats classes ... but on the other hand I'm sad, because some classes I wanted to rewatch are in private.
:-(
Same here, I was in the middle of grammar #31!
What was 31 and 32?
@@andrejbalaz3381 I don't recall what 32 was...but 31 was connecting adjectives. As in:
The big, happy bear.
大きくて嬉しい組ま。
The subject is difficult and you explained so well. Thank you.
"Some people can't control farting, so anyway: wind" I had to take a second there 🤣
Very informative and amazing explaining skills for such complicated grammar point
Really good lesson and i will watch it again in a couple of days to consolidate! Thanks Misa
Was really confuse about this topic & found your video. It helps me a LOT. ありがとう❤️
ありがとう。
説明のお陰で理解しました。
Very high quality teacher right here. みさ先生、いつもありがとうございす。
I am late by four years😂 but i have to say, she is the best at explaining things i couldnt understand on any website. I would read to learn some things but be left with more confusion. But mina explains everything much better. ありがとうございます！
This was so helpful I seriously understand it all now. Saved me for tomorrows language proficiency class!
20:59 "We're not speaking Russian, so we don't want to say 'the store is opening me'" LMAO
Misa san, you have explained the lesson very clearly. Thank you so much.
ありがとうございますみさ先生😊!!!
Advice around the 10 minute mark is spot-on--focus more on what particle is being used (を with transitive verbs, が with intransitive). This also helps with words giving and getting, like くださいました、いただきました、 etc... There's also patterns like 開ける、点ける vs. 開く, 点く。
20:55 This was unexpected xD
Lmaoo
😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂😂 Maybe the door is going to do an autopsy on her in her sleep. 👀👀👀
How about the store is opening another store? Does it make sense?
@@hello_deep Not really, when at least, a brand / company opens another story.
I think it's an old joke about yakov smirnoff. In Soviet Russia, store opens you.
You are such an amazing teacher! I love that you go into detail... and you do it so well! Thank you, Misa-sensei!
Hi Misa! thank you very much for your content!
your videos are verywell made, it covered every details that a student needed.
こんにちはみささん！ みささんのビデオですから、ぼくの日本語のスキルは良くなってきている.
感謝している
！
I was okay throughout the video until I got to 出's intransitive and transitive, 頭が壊れちゃった
素晴らしい説明、いつも通りだね
ありがとうございました
先生ありがとうございます
お疲れ様です
I must say you're the best nihonggo sensei so far on yt..
Great lesson Misa Sensei!! ありがとうございました
There was so much information here! Such a great video and I can't wait for the next!
Thank you so much for your hard work in making videos. They are very helpful and easy to understand.
ベトナム人ですか?
Excellently done! ありがとございました
27:20 made me think of the Ben Folds song "Hiroshima", which is a song about a time when he fell off the stage playing a concert in Hiroshima.
Thank you for your hard work!
Thank you so much :))
さすがみさ先生！ありがとうございます
This video will require some rewatching and heavy note taking. But after simply watching, I kinda get the gist of these kind of verbs.
As always, thank you for the very detailed lessons Misaせんせい! 💓
Excellent video. Thanks a lot!!
さすが、みさ先生のおかげで勉強になりました
Gorgeous Misa is also incredibly good and professional WOW!
I was really scared to learn this, however, the 'I [verb] what?' thing really helped!
I'm definitely watching this right now. We're learning this in class.
Btw, long videos are okay. Actually even preferable. I listen to your videos / study Japanese on my way to work and my work commute is 1 hour :)
I had been waiting for a grammar lesson!
Your videos are always helpful when I am stuck, ありがとう！
Thank you very much for the instruction. But there's one correction I want to suggest. ( 6:47 ) In "I eat sushi with chopsticks," there are two objects: sushi, and chopsticks. Sushi is a direct object; chopsticks is an indirect object. I haven't learned about indirect objects in Japanese yet, but in this specific example the indirect object gets marked with the particle de. The distinguishing characteristic of a direct object is that it is the object that receives the action indicated in the verb. The reason why intransitive verbs will never have direct objects is because they are not actions that the subject performs on something other than itself (ex: going, sleeping, dying as in "to die" but not "to dye")
Just to paraphrase what Misa said,
Transitive verb 壊すtakes on an object that is “affected” by it, such as in the sentence “私がパソコンを壊しました。”
Intransitive verb 壊れる indicates a “state-of-being” or “ability to do something(potential form)”. Therefore in sentence “パソコンが壊れました”,
The speaker only wants to tell the “state-of-being” of the computer, i.e. it’s broken; who broke it is not the focus. Hope this will help.
You look you so cool when you say come on it’s just a wind. 😎
教えてくれてありがとうございます。🙏🏻
めっちゃためになった
I was waiting for this topic! Thank you Misa-sensei!
Came for the Japanese lesson. Got an English lesson. Awesome.
Misa, perfect timing as always. I have a test tomorrow and this is part of it.
偶然です
Excellent- thank you!
Yes! I remember you using んですが in your 'No more どこ' video. Looking forward to it! 🙂
Misa-chan needs to make a video reaction to Detective Pikachu trailer.
Still think they should have had Samuel L Jackson do the voice....
That better be in the directors cut.@@Braxtonkai
Uhm..why?...
Thanks for the great lesson! I really needed this
Tout est très bien fait. Bravo. Merci
It's natural to say "The computer is broken." Passive voice is frequently used in English.
Taking Japanese - this channel is my lifeline; thank you Misa-sensei!!!!!
I sometimes look at intransitive words like this: instead of “benkyosuru” (meaning to study) I look at it as “benkyo suru.” Then I simply conjugate the suru (meaning to do) as it’s own verb and don’t touch the benkyo. Instead of looking at it as one big verb, this small change helps me conjugate quite a bit. Plus those changes you make to that suru would be applied to any other intransitive verb (the first part remains the same and the suru part is always conjugated identically for the same situation). I’m newer to Japanese so I’m not sure if this strategy is completely universal for all verbs yet
i really understand now clearly the diff between trans verb and intrans verb. doumo arigatou misa sensei😊😊😊