The rumours are indeed true, I have a Twitter and Patreon. Check the description for the links. Also, ask me questions for my (very delayed) Q&A! FOOTNOTES BELOW, THEY HAVE SPOILERS SO BEST READ AFTER WATCHING ********************************************************** 1. You’ll notice I didn’t mention a neutrino as part of the beta-minus decay. This is partly because I was lazy, but also because the neutrino wasn’t a widely accepted concept at that point, and Fermi actually had a paper rejected for trying to account for its existence. 2. The nuclide half-life data included in my version of the chart was sourced from NuBASE 2020, Chinese Physics C45, 030001 (2021). This dataset distinguishes between known half-lives, estimated half-lives, and nuclides whose half-lives are so small that they are unknown. I removed the nuclides with unknown half-lives for my chart. See the link in the description for an interactive version of the table. 3. Only a select number of isotopes on the nuclide chart have labels. I labelled every stable isotope (in brown), and for the unstable isotopes I only labelled the one with the longest half-life for each element. Note that the isotope with the longest half-life is not necessarily the one that was created for each element discovery. 4. The half-lives on the 3D nuclide chart are not plotted linearly (or logarithmically for that matter) as it would be impossible to show the differences between half-lives in the realm of nanoseconds and half-lives in the realm of years in a way that didn’t completely flatten half the chart. The standard way to plot them is to use the quantile method, where you take all the values (~3000) and rank them from smallest to largest, which the height of each pillar being their rank (so 1, 2, 3…3000). I then made a color gradient using 10 distinct colours, and if a pillar was in the first 10% of the population they got the darkest blue, the next 10% got a lighter blue, etc. 5. The following elements were first synthesized in labs before they were discovered in trace amounts in nature: Technetium, promethium, astatine, neptunium, and plutonium. For many years it was assumed that Uranium was the heaviest naturally occurring element, but this was actually disproven by Darleane Hoffman, when she found trace amounts of Plutonium-244 in ancient pieces of rock. 6. The Lanthanides and Actinides (the two seemingly detached rows of the periodic table) are a bit misleading. They’re put below the main table for space reasons, but really they fit right in the middle of the table next to Barium and Radium, leading to a table that is comically wide, too wide to be printed cleanly in a textbook. It should be noted that the periodic table during Fermi’s time didn’t look like the modern one I showed in the video. For a long time the correct position of the Actinide and Lanthanide groups were a bit of a mystery. It was actually Glenn Seaborg’s suggestion in the mid-1950s that put them where they are today, which was one of his most important contributions to chemistry. 7. Berkeley should technically also have a claim to element 43, but they just didn’t realize it. Emilio Segre, one of Fermi’s protégés, borrowed a spare filter from one of Berkeley’s accelerators. He found a lump of element 43 on it that they had unknowingly created, and he got the credit for detecting it. Many labs other than Berkeley worked to fill in the gaps of the periodic table, as well as filling in the gaps in the nuclide chart. Finding new elements gets you the glory, but finding new isotopes is also important for getting a full understanding of an elements properties. 8.If we’re being technical a superheavy element is one which has an atomic number greater than 103. This term distinguishes them from elements 90-103 which make up the Actinide series. In my version of the periodic table I group every element above 103 in the same category for simplicity, but there are other ways you could group them. If you check with Google for example they actually call 104 to 108 part of the transition metals, and everything higher is considered unknown. In theory everything up to 112 should also be part of the transition metals, but that’s mostly going off of the table’s columns and not so much measured observations. 9. The price for one gram of an element is going to vary a lot depending on the specific isotope. Also Einsteinium isn’t commercially available to buy anyway, and it’s only ever been produced in the order of micrograms, so Jeff Bezos couldn’t just drop $27 million out of nowhere. 10. The California town of Livermore is home to another strange oddity. A firehouse contains the world’s longest burning lightbulb. It’s been going since 1901. It could burn out tomorrow, or maybe even 15754 years from now. 11. Technically it’s 221 totals winners for the Nobel prize in physics now, didn’t beat the announcement for this year. 12. Masataka Ogawa seems to have misidentified element 75 as element 43 back in 1908 (both of which were undiscovered at the point). Both elements are in the same column but different rows, so the chemical properties would be similar. If it had been correctly identified Japan would have 2 elements under its belt, not just 1. 13. During the IUPAC naming section I mention that 9 elements needed official names, even though I only show 8 getting named. When writing this I forgot that Mendelevium was not officially recognized as the name for #101 until 1997, even though Berkeley had the only real claim to it. IUPAC just lumped it in with the rest of the contentious elements (102-106). 14. Lawrence Livermore Labs had in fact teamed up with Berkeley for the discoveries of prior elements, so they were not new to the element hunt. However their team-up with Dubna gave them a huge leg-up over Berkeley and eventually made them the leading US lab in the element hunt. 15. Victor Ninov was fired in May 2002, but the public retraction of the paper did not go through until July 2002. It was only at this point that the media picked up on the story. Berkeley initially did not name Ninov as the reason for the retraction but the media was able to put 2 and 2 together. 16. Flerovium is technically not named after Georgy Flerov. The Americans refused to let an element be named after someone who was integral to developing the first Soviet nuclear weapon, so the element is actually named after the Flerov Laboratory (which itself, it named after the man). 17. I mention in the first chapter that it was a group in Berlin that figured out Fermi’s mistake, and explained it by describing nuclear fission. This group included Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner. Hahn went on to win the Nobel for this, while Meitner did not, despite being nominated a few dozen times (Hahn and Meitner were good friends, so he wasn’t happy about this either). It’s one of the most clear-cut cases of sexism in the Nobel ceremony’s history. To make up for this, she is now the namesake for element 109, one of only two women to have that honour.
As someone who doesn't use Patreon - do you have a PayPal Adresse where I can send Donations to? I always thoroughly enjoy your Videos, no matter how long they are.
Getting an element named after you is objectively more pompous than a Nobel prize. Instead of just being on a list, your name will bore chemist students for years, a few of them will certainly ask "wait, why this name?" and one Google later will get amazed by your history
It must've been a real roller coaster of emotions to win the Nobel Prize for the elements you discovered, then be told you didn't find new elements, only to then be told you just... exploded a whole atom.
I hope this doesn’t get buried, but my dad was one of those people working at Berkeley at that time! You can see his name on the paper at 48:44, J.B. Patin. As I was watching the video, I was talking to him about it, and he mentioned, “being on a balcony with Sigurd in a city somewhere it Switzerland” when Sigurd confided in him that he looked back at Ninov’s old work. It’s so crazy to get recommended this video after hearing parts of this story FOR YEARS. Amazing video!
I’m surprised to see this on TH-cam but you have done a good job of describing the situation. I was part of the small team at Berkeley doing computer forensic analysis of Victor’s computers to try and figure out what happened. In the end there were text editor log files that showed him manipulating the data to create the results he wanted. I was surprised he was not smart enough to delete those log files.
Hi! I'd like to ask you someting if you do not mind (and I hope I am able to express myself properly, sorry if not, I am not a native speaker and not living in an English speaking country): raw data files that I know from (modern) analytical software is hard to manipulate due to having the raw data in databases and not having "plain" data to directly manipulate as well as audit trails. Was the raw data on the software used in your case much easier to manipulate, like, directly just exchanging a few numbers an he (Ninov) was done? (Thanks in advance)
Was assigned a project on Francium in 9th grade, apparently the teacher didn’t realize it was an element that was so rare and existed for such a short time, that nothing was really known about it. Created for a few milliseconds in a lab, it lasted just long enough to know it was there, but not long enough to identify what it looked like, or any other interesting properties. Easiest project I did in that class.
@@normalchannel2185 even less than this. Most stable isotope has a HL of 22 min. Cesium is stable. It's also an interesting subject of fake videos and experiments showing supposedly massive explosions when it gets dumped into water. You might recognize alkali metals + water producing explosions, and Braniac using cesium to blow up a bathtub. So francium, as an element even more reactive should produce even bigger booms, isn't it? Well, any videos showing "Francium" exploding are bullshit because a naked-eye viewable quantity of it was never produced. And never will, because of insane radioactive decay heat that is released. Any viewable quantity of francium would be vaporized instantly. The largest amount ever produced was a cluster of 300,000 atoms. This amount is far away even from a nanogram, let alone grams.
@@normalchannel2185 you are both technically right, accordig to wikipedia: half life: 22 minutes Francium has no uses, having a half life of only 22 minutes. Francium has no known biological role. It is toxic due to its radioactivity. so it lasts decently long, but has zero uses
@@sweatyylemonss5237 It doesn't last very long at all. Half life is how long it would take for half of the substance to decay, but when we're talking about the amount in question, it ends up functioning more like a dice roll that it stops existing entirely every few milliseconds. In practice, it lasts for seconds at the absolute most.
The fact that this entire documentary was filmed on two locations: The periodic table, and the timeline is so impressive, considering how interesting it is
Fun fact! The University of Texas has a big drum used by the university band at football games. Her name's Big Bertha and she's mildly radioactive because she originally belonged to the University of Chicago and was ALSO under those football bleachers along with Fermi.
You created a new element: 😀 Just kidding no you didn't: 🙁 You actually found a way to split atoms: 😃 That was just used to create weapons of mass destruction: 😨
@@awesomenessnetwork213honestly who are the idiots spreading this misinformation that nuclear energy is safe and clean enough as an alternative to coal and gas? like man it's just too much of a hassle and if one person fucks up the entire world is fucked too.
Nobody has considered the possibility that the reason Ninov kept happening to detect new elements whenever he was around, and the detections stopped when he left, is because his body simply emits exotic matter
I worked in this lab about 10 years after this incident. I have my name on a couple papers, including the 2009 confirmation of element 114 (yes, partially for simply monitoring the cyclotron, although I did some other stuff was well 😂). I was so pleased to see Darleane Hoffman get a positive shout out; she is a wonderful woman and actively participated in lab group meetings while I was around. This incident was never mentioned to me in the course of my work - I learned about it randomly in a separate context while I was working in the lab. I haven’t had a chance to watch the entire video, but look forward to going through in detail.
So someone at your lab conned the making of a element? Nice. Should have gone for element 115 instead of 114 but Bob Lazar had dibs on it so its understandable why you backed off on it :)
Holy crap, the “atomic sea” visualization helped me understand the periodic table and how isotopes of elements work fully. This should be shown in every chemistry class ever. I had a very good chemistry teacher in high school but never fully understood the relationship between stability and neutron values of any given isotope. Also, radioactive decay chains, how they jump between rows, etc. I knew all of that enough to pass a test, but seeing it like your visualization really helped me understand it. Thank you!! Edit, this is one of the best TH-cam videos I’ve ever watched. Interesting, informative, well presented. A+++ to you, Mr. Broccoli. Looking forward to more.
They actually do, under an inverted framework: the valley of stability. Remember: stability = low energy state, the lower the energy (valley) the more stable they are
Yeah, 3D graphs generally should be used everywhere. They weren't in the past because they really require video (and 3D visualization capacity) to be appreciable.
I love youtube for the sheer fact that you can sit down to watch a highly polished 1+ hour long thoroughly technical documentary, then during the intro you can see "presented by bobbybroccoli". incredible. it's like going to the theatre and seeing "directed by xXsniperwolfXx"
Plenty of famous writers and actors have used fake names, they just tend to choose more normal sounding ones like Marilyn Monroe, John Wayne, or George Orwell
Sometimes its easy to forget just how fascinating everything is. Being able to have a visual representation of the elements is just a tiny part of what composes everything. It's a bit overwhelming knowing that we live in harmony between so much things that happen all around us without even noticing it.
Fermi’s story was fascinating like, imagine trying to discover something and then being like “actually you’ve discovered a new form of energy and also have enabled the creation of a great and terrible weapon that will end the war”
Or imagine being Flyorov like wow I love reading about my favorite little physics interests I wonder what will happen when we harness the power of the atom... hey why has all publishing on this subject suddenly ceased? ...oh God
The idea that the nuclear bombs stopped the war is untrue. The members of the Japanese war council didn't care at all that two cities had been nuked. The reason they surrendered was in part because of the Emperor's word, and in part feeling confident that the Emperor would not be killed or tried for war crimes and such after the surrender.
Albert Einstein was once asked if he had memorized the speed of light. He said something along the lines of "No. Why bother. If I need it I can just look it up in a book."
Most chemists don't even memorize more than half the periodic table, the half that we do memorize are the common elements such as elements 1-20, halogens, alkali and alkali earth metals, and maybe some common transition metals. That's why there's a periodic table in every lab.
Btw actually writing to Stalin directly wasn't uncommon in the USSR. My great grandma used to write to him asking him to deploy her on the naval ship instead of as an infantry unit (she was a medic and I shit you not her reason for redeploying her was to meet a captain/admiral and marry him, AND IT WORKED!) Another time she wrote because she wanted a flat in St. Petersburg, which was also granted to her. She wasn't even remotely as important as Georgii Flyorov, it boggles the mind, but people actually just wrote to Stalin to ask him to do some shit, and they would get a response usually. I'm not writing this to undermine your work btw, I love your videos. I just felt like the reality of writing to Stalin was so bizarre I had to share it
@@sovietcupcakes328 Aw come on relax, not a lot of people knew that you could write to Stalin in USSR, Bobby clearly respects people regardless of their origin. You're attributing malice to something where it's most likely just ignorance. I don't think it's a good idea to immediately put a label on the guy and bash him over it, makes you look very immature at least in my opinion
Same in the GDR! People would write to the „Staatsratsvorsitzende“ Erich Honnecker with their problems, like troubles finding an appropriate flat for taking care of a sick family member (huge flat shortage back then), and he or rather his team would help out - no kidding 😅
Fun fact the element missing in the 1930’s period table between 84 and 86 is astatine(AT) which is also the rarest element to naturally find. In fact, they discovered it by making it synthetically and it was later on they found it naturally. To this day only 25 grams maximum has been discovered naturally at once. It is also very much radioactive and has no uses currently but is being tested for research with cancer and is synthetically made. The most “stable” isotope of astatine is astatine-210 which only makes it a little over 8 hours. Its fast decay rate is why it is so rare. Enjoy this random chemistry fact or facts
Correction: it is not a rarest natural element. It is second rarest natural element ON EARTH. At cosmic scale we are 100% sure that on other younger words elemnts up to fermium exist in quantities milions of times lower than 1 gram, and they existed on earth milions years ago naturally also we have evidence of this in one site in africa in place with naturally occuring nuclear fission chain reactions in the past. But anyway we also know about elemnt that is 28 tomes rarer even today. Earth crust should consist max. 1 gram of this element, i just read about it on wiki spaming through all of them.
Correction: it is second rarest element ON EARTH. There is one with total weight in earths crust below 1 gram. And on other, younger planets we are 100% sure that elements up to fermium exists in amount milion times smaller even than this. You only need naturall fission chain reaction sustained over long period of time. We even have one on earth milions of years ago, so rarest natural element is fermium.
Can I just say how awesome this style of video is where we basically never leave this space and just accumulate more information into it, but it also has a 3d model in it?!
@thatCapN Crunch This was a compliment to BobbyBroccoli. I preferred when we watched a documentary in science class, and we typically watched some sort of NatGeo or Bill Nye. Bill Nye was enjoyable as hell, and the NatGeo stuff was at least well made, at most enjoyable *and* well made. I'm truly sorry that you don't enjoy science, but I do, and that would be due to my highschool science teachers putting on well made and enjoyable documentaries, that this one reminded me of.
@@dungeonfungeongaming9971 I found it. I hadn't watched the video in a few months but happened to scroll past the comments again and didn't realize it was only three minutes in.
This video kicked ass. I’ll admit that it’s been recommended to me by YT for awhile now, and I kept assuming that it wouldn’t be a story interesting enough for an 80min runtime. That was wrong! You told this story beautifully, balancing the technical science of these discoveries with the stories of the humans behind them. I was on the edge of my seat the entire time, as much as I could while operating a sewing machine. And your use of graphics was perfect; just the right amount of graphics organized to keep the beats of the story accessible in mind and provide context to their relation in time. Also the 3D isotope table was such a cool way of visualizing them! 10/10, will watch again.
I am a chemistry teacher who will be showing this film every year from now one during the isotopes unit - such amazing visualization. Thank you for making this!
1:12:44 "Sigurd thinks Ninov meant it as a joke." "So you faked discovering a new element, greatly damaging the credibility of your institute and ruining your own career?" "It was just a prank bro" Really good documentary on the discovery of new elements
Same here! I'd mainly heard his name in reference to the Fermi Paradox. I assumed he had garnered a significant amount of credibility in the scientific community because of the prevalence of that particular theory. I had no idea what his other achievements were though! I have been recommended this video several times but kept getting distracted before I actually watched it. I am genuinely impressed with this creator and very happy with the way he laid out this video!
God, Darleanee's story feels me with such rage but also pride, they threw whatever they could at her but still couldn't knock her down. What an icon, full respect for her only.
Hearing her story was just so... unbelievable. Like the shit she had to endure was *cartoonishly evil*. Like Jesus christ how can people be that blind and cruel to someone?? So happy she finally got the credibility she deserved in the end though.
Imagine the advances mankind could have made if there wasn't this academic segregation throughout most of our history, it's devastating to see what these great minds had to go through.
It's good that this idea is upsetting people but unfortunately as I listened to her story it was very much "Well yeah, that's just how we get treated in an academic setting. Do you think this is unique? It is the standard to discredit and segregate women in stem." Very frustrating but don't mistake it for an extreme case, this is just what academia is for us
Since your entire channel functions on righteous indignation, I'm confident that you will not only be okay, but you will find a way to turn into a deconstructive rant on this, that or the other.
@@rsyvbh Tracking down the first creation of every isotope would've been extremely time consuming and it honestly wouldn't have made that much of a difference.
Bobby doesn't have to explain the science to us, he could just give us a layman's rundown of the drama, but he puts in the work to teach us anyways. 10/10 quality edutainment. We stan a king.
It's like getting a cake with your perfect coffee, with extra whipped cream and a cherry on top _and_ extra whipped cream on your coffee and a side of whipped cream for when you want extra.
You really never disappoint. Another fantastic deep dive into science history in a way that I just don't see anyone else doing. It was a privilege to contribute even in the smallest way.
my knowledge of science isn't too strong so I'm not sure exactly which graphics you've helped with, but I'm sure you did a great job because all of this is brilliant 💯💯
For those thinking of getting it, i can only highly recommend the book "Superheavy" by Kit Chapman. I bought it after watching this video a couple of times, and ive already read it twice. Over about 300 pages it gives an amazing story of how all the transuranium elements were made, and is easy to understand, even if you only know the basics of chemistry
38:25 - So, I met and knew Victor in 2007 while I was a flight instructor in Oakland, California. While I knew (from Wikipedia) the story of the Element 118 debalce, I never asked him about it. For what it's worth, he is absolutely a "dude you'd like to have a beer with" (although not before or during any flying), highly intelligent, and would give you the shirt off his back if you asked him. And while what occurred with 118 was definitely bad, I am still honored to count him as a friend.
i feel like most people, even if they've done shitty things, are still gonna be polite/friendly to you if you interact with them. i dont think that's something notable, that's just a standard you should hold people to. it would be more notable if he was an asshole to you
Charm is a great asset for manipulators. I doubt he would have been able to decieve everyone if he was generally mean, disrespectful or even reserved/shy.
It is INSANE that this video is less than a year old for how classic it is. This type of documentary - as it should be recognized as more than an average TH-cam video - has really raised my standards for what content I can officially recommend to people. The visuals, the writing, the audio - all of this was executed to a damn near perfect degree.
This is the video that originally got me into Broccumentaries, which I've seen and loved all of. Bobby, you're now among my very favorite and most recommended channels. Thank you for doing what you do.
I have a quick personal story to tell, but my purpose with sharing this is thanking you. A few months ago I met a physicist via discord and we started talking. I didn't know how to reach out to him to continue the conversation at one point, so I sent him one of your videos about the failed American collider. We kept talking and we got really close, really fast. So, to celebrate our birthdays, I flew all the way to France to visit him and to see a bit of his work at CERN. We had the best time of our lives, and soon we will be neighbours, friends forever. So, yeah, thank you for being part of this too.
If it's any consolation, she has received a lot more contemporary recognition for her many accomplishments in her career, and thankfully she's still alive and has had the opportunity to actually witness that recognition.
This 3D visualization of the periodic table has enlightened me, full stop. It's such a beautiful way to show all of the known atoms, I wish I had seen this when I was taking chemistry in school!
Amazing way to drag us in - you want to reach somewhere in a raging sea, and you have historical figures of your captain. After you make it, they give you an entertaining story of a dramatic event involving fraud, and then they close the book with the final phrase “We do it because why not?” Amazing video!
36:55 Rewatching this for the n-th time and I just now realized what the "weird reading" meant, since it's thrown in so off-handedly, and then mentioned way later at 1:07:09. That's exactly why I love your documentaries so much - the attention to detail is staggering.
science is insanely interesting when you're not being forced to learn it EDIT: guys i realize this isn't really in depth science. but we learned similar things, yes, historical knowledge, in my chemistry class freshman year. Plus I made this comment when I was super depressed and burnt out in the middle of sophomore year lmfao
To be fair... actually _learning_ this stuff is to learn the math behind it, to practice it. You can learn _about_ chemistry, or geology, or aerodynamics, or math, or what have you, from a TH-cam video, but you won't actually learn it until they do the experiments and crunch the numbers. The main way we've figured out how to teach that so far is school, unfortunately.
@@incognitoburrito6020true. Like oh my gooood I’m a genius after watching this video I could never learn this much in school! When in reality “learning” is actually a lot harder and unpleasant
@@zyzyx4157but this is learning? This is history. And the sentiment still remains. Learning about history is a lot less boring when you aren’t being forced.
Seaborg getting his name on the periodic table honestly choked me up a bit. I can only imagine the emotions he must have felt. The pride of seeing his legacy standing hand in hand with so many other amazing pioneers of science. What could compare?
This is the first time someone's explained chemistry to me and I actually understood it. Very beautiful to tie it in at the end. I do believe curiosity is human nature
Absolutely amazing work. As a biochemist, I can say that even though discovered elements will not change the world, the process by which they were discovered has resulted in multiple scientific breakthroughs unrelated to the elements themselves. The work that scientists do to increase efficiency of detectors or analysis pipelines is directly translatable to improving disease diagnosis, space exploration, etc
I honestly suck at math, physics and chemistry at school so I don't know why and how I just finished an 80 minute video on elements, but combined with the historical prospects and the scandals and drama just makes it fun and easy to digest. Plus, the huge graph is the coolest thing I've seen in a while. You have a new subscriber! This pretty much just re-ignited my interest of these fields, I guess there really isn't any boring piece of knowledge in life
As a kid I loved history, literature, and social studies in school but barely got by in math and science because it just didn't capture my imagination and I had no interest in equations and the like, my brain just sort of turned off to it. I wish I had those subjects introduced to me in this sort of format instead where the science was presented as a real-life human interest story with colorful historical characters and geopolitics weaved into the hard numbers, my grades probably would have been a lot better.
I hope that will change, I'm always loved Physics and Chemistry, while hated Math, I guess the quality of teaching matters a lot, my Math teachers for literally at least half of my education on the subject sucked
i'm someone with no interest in chemistry, academia, or the race for the periodic table. i watched this entire video completely enthralled with the storytelling, with complex ideas explained so my simple youtube brain could understand. the editing/narrative style, which is like dorktown (scorigami got name-dropped in here, nice) with a dash of summoning salt, was absolutely sublime. i'll watch a video on anything when it is presented in such a thoughtful yet still entertaining way. well done, you deserve all the praise and then some for this amazing content.
A fun fact, at 14:40 if you translate Sjöberg into English, it actually means 'lake mountain'. So Seaborg is actually a really good compromise for Sjöberg if you wanted to anglicize the name, keep the some of the meaning of it, but also preserve the general sound of it.
Reminds me of the Harry Hole situation in the movie for The Snowman, where they went the other way around and instead of translating it to Harry Hill or preserving the original pronunciation, they spent the whole movie having Fassbender being called something sounding like "hairy hole".
Ellis island officials never actually changed the names, this is a myth. The immigrants themselves would, as it would help assimilate them and make their names more appealing to employers
I find it interesting that having kids as consolation for a failure is a solution almost uniquely given to women. As if they’re expected to live on through their children instead of making a life for themselves, or that their intelligence is best out to use by producing smart children.
6:53 i get chills every time i watch this part. the animation, the music, and the information are braided together into something really special. the first time i watched, i was learning about the existance of nucleides for the first time. i could watch this segment endlessly, probably. then the explination of nucleides is clear, concise, and down to earth. truly a masterpiece within a larger masterpiece. thank you.
38:34 “They were on a quest to visit every Italian restaurant in Darmstadt, where they would always order the spaghetti carbonara and rank them.” Well, he might’ve faked the element, but his contribution to popular culture of making the first modern-day Tier List was real.
The Animation on this was incredible. I really like how it was like a collage and you just kept adding things onto it as the video went on. It was a really cool and unique way of describing things
I’m only 12 minutes in, and I have to say this “mountain trek” visualization is an absolutely fascinating way to tell this story. Seriously this is one of the best science video essays I’ve ever seen! Amazing!
I'm basically at the same point and all I can think is there is a stability valley with peaks of instability all around. The Uranium chasm could also be described as a rock scree, an unstable location where every step forces you down the slope. I'm still early in so maybe I'll come back and delete this or offer further thoughts. But as a first impression I like things falling down to a point of stability for my visualization. (that said loving the video and the way its presented it's still super interesting and cool, have just hit subscribe)
You should check out the other BobbyBroccoli videos, like the 2-part Bogdanov Brothers epic or the 3-part Jan Hendrik Schon Nobel-fraudster expose! I'm a total bimbo, but his method of visualized storytelling helps me follow every step of his narrative without losing my attention in the tech explanations.
That poor woman Darlene. They screwed her around early in her career, pushed out again at a landmark moment, only to be kicked in the gut towards the end of her profession. Damn shame.
I haven't heard of most of these elements above 100 since I was a kid. Back then they were named by their atomic numbers - it's surreal and in a way, feels like watching a kid grow up to see "Ununoctium" finally get an official name. Why are atoms making me emotional.
right? not the same, but i remember being in middle school and manually drawing in 108 when it was confirmed because our school couldn't afford to buy a new periodic table, especially when the element hunt was ongoing and fruitful. I remember being so insanely impressed even by the concept of the element hunt :)) (
@@leonmic2146 True, maybe even discover a better element to hold electricity, making some si-fi tech possible, like hoverboards that cannot exist because we dont have batteries powerfull enough for it.
And it looks so beautiful! You can immediately see why nature isn't as random and chaotic as we often observe it. Everything you see going on in the chart has fairly simple logic to it that (in certain aspects) isn't much different from the simple physics we see in everyday life. The bigger something is, the easier it falls apart and it seems that the right ratio of neutrons to protons helps keeping things together, but too much neutrons will make it unstable also. Which makes total sense to me. You can build a wall with bricks and cement, but just using one or the other will fall apart easily. And when your wall is tiny, extra neutrons will just make it wobbly. And it never occurred to me that with a higher number of protons the stable elements have a few more neutrons than protons. It's very intuitive and easy to understand and seeing the alpha and bèta decay on the chart made so much sense to me. It's super obvious that it works like that, but when do you ever picture it like that in the context of other elements around it? Schools should beg mr. Broccoli to let them use that chart to explain the periodic table and radioactivity. You could show that chart to a 10 year old and they'd understand and be thrilled that they do.
I studied graphic design, I've always been fascinated by information visualization, and these graphics really scratch that itch for me. I love how it suddenly opens up a whole new world of understanding. I can't seem to completely process stuff until I connect it to something visual.
had me pausing the video to go look it up. We’d all seen the periodic table hanging up in classrooms but damn, there really shoulda been one of these. Might’ve been in a different career
love the deadpan delivery of that "so true bestie" at 21:08, very *chef's kiss. I appreciate that this doc is making me feel included in the world of science scandals, but also has me choking on my tea because of the funnies thank you for the quality content!!
Honestly one of the best videos I think I've ever watched about this topic. I was intimidated by the length of this video, but got so engrossed that I ended up watching the entire thing. Incredibly well made and I cant imagine the amount of hours editing this monster
I’ve watched this video countless time but I just realized that the weird signal you mention at 36:58 is ninov’s attempt to fake 112 you talked about later at 1:07:10. This video is so well made!
1:13:00 “Who knows? Maybe we’re looking for a pattern where there is none.” That’s a great quote in the context of a video about finding new elements when discussing the drama behind the history Appreciate the way you discuss history and science. I know it's difficult to decide what level to pitch it at - too shallow and it loses meaning, too detailed and it becomes impossible to follow. You got it spot on imo.
I think putting it on a scale of shallow to detailed is a bit of a trivialization. Like here it's more like a set of stories that build onto each other. If it was instead made one fully chronological story it would be much harder to understand without adjusting the information given in total. Introduce something on a higher level first, like the beginning of the video and the later details become more digestible for those not knowledgeable enough in the field
This might have been the single most fascinating and especially well-done things I've personally seen on this platform. Videos like this are why I feel like classes in school are divided too rigidly. This stuff isn't something that you learn in history class or science class yet seems much more pertinent than a lot of things you learn in either.
And the MAGNIFICENT SEVEN who essentially solved it all HMMM SOMETHING MISSING HERE lol yeah you got no high level computational tools, no giant society of knowers, no chance in hell at complex virtual reality theory because information. Kinda nice that information thing. Least the other non Einstein Albert got to see non LSD version. And would have been proud of himself surely ! cheers, yep they were all champions👏 "upgrade the world" Be nice if we didn't have all the downgrades like greedy poisoning the world for money don't care get away with it, greedy this, greedy that. And the knock on effects are my pain point. Yeah lets put refined sugar in everything what could go wrong. Thinkers know.. taste is a scam. Its disabling in a way. Feels good then runs out body just wants more, hooked, longer you are a refined sugar addict ? harder it gets. And vice versa, avoid and its easy not being hooked, too strong get it away etc. I had no idea now I just adapting best i can.. lot of bad versions of typing out there for sure, just too inhuman at the time, pushing myself with sugar. Imagine if those who invented computers were all over the place. Their software was impeccable and the hard shit to write. These days... oh dear. We spoilt ! people would say the old guy is mad, who fit that big math shit into "not enough" space. Creativity.. clarity.. work the problem. Donald Knuth there it is, deep compute not in my brain ty
I really like the production method of building up a giant 'scrapbook' and moving the story around it as it builds up, Previous data points are easy to remember and also very economical from the production point of view. Basically a giant power-point slide that gets assembled throughout the story and using nothing more than the simple animation tools that MS provides, pure genius in its simplicity, very effective and massively time saving on the production side!
Dude I have literally watched this like at least 50 times. I failed biology in high school... twice. I'm not a complete moron, it just did not get presented in a way that made me retain a thing. You're wild, my man. Thank you.
Oh hello there Sebastian! Do you plan on taking inspiration from his type of video, or are you going to stick with what you've been using? Love your videos btw.
if you like the visuals and general aesthetic vibe you should check out the work of Jon Bois (Chart Party, Pretty Good, Dorktown, The Bob Emergency) he's the inspiration/originator of the style
To me its weird that he wrote some software that as part of its audit logs notes a manual change when he intended to manually change the data. Like did he just forget?
You guys missed the part that explains this... He was guessing at what he thought was a sure bet. Fake the data and assume that someone else was going to find it anyways and he would get credit like he had before. They were taking his word for what he was claiming which is not good checks, and he was gambling that someone else would find it. He lost that bet when nobody could find it. So he was not so much relying on nobody trying to reproduce so much as he was betting that it would actually work and that they would just not check his to see if he had actually done it like before.
Probably the best animation and storytelling I have ever seen on TH-cam. Just discovered your channel with this video but I will absolutely subscribe to it. Thanks for the amazing content !
I love that he doesn’t hesitate to explain even (for people that know chemistry) super simple concepts. I was worried this would be filled with “i’m not gonna explain this concept because the audience OBVIOUSLY knows this already,” and i’d be lost, but i got a good enough grasp on it all! I love the tide metaphor at the beginning
@@aarondruckmiller8174That doesn’t mean anything. Lots of people fail math. You now understand math a lot better and I highly doubt you stay up at night upset and regret the class repeat. If he had explained it harder you might have failed three times. The point is adversity. You fail until you become successful. Everyone fails. Not everyone faces adversity to become successful. Failure is part of the process. You can’t achieve what you don’t try.
Phenomenal work. I'm only halfway through this feature-length masterpiece (some of us have jobs you know lol), but even better than your previous. You've really nailed the ability to make these stories come to life. Saw someone else call these broccumentaries, got to make that an official title!
Can I just say, the creative decision to subtly coat this beautiful educational video into an outrage take of "that b*tch did WHAT", so beloved by youtube algorithms, is GENIUS. No way it would have been thrown into random recommended otherwise. Thank you for the video, you've done a tremendous work.
I call it the Jon Bois Style, and I mean that positively. Find a particularly interesting topic for yourself, something you can sink your teeth into, like famous athletes named "Bob". Then present your information mainly through, voiceover to avoid distractions (and cut down on editing). You use simple infographs and images to help explain concepts without breaking flow, and a couple of easy listening instrumental tracks to enhance mood, while keeping attention. Boom, you got something you can either listen to as a podcast style, watch as a documentary, and you walk away knowing something you haven't before. SummoningSalt also does this but includes video clips of speed runs. Defunctland is also starting to do this with his video essay on lines/queueing. I personally love this long format, single subject vids
The fact there's a non-zero chance Victor Ninov did it for either a joke or because he put his metaphorical chips on impossible odds is really funny at face value, but this documentary does a good job in explaining why this was cited as a dark moment by the people involved. For Al Ghiorso, it was getting denied his chance to be in the periodic table alongside his late friend Glenn Seaborg. For Darleane Hoffman, it was getting denied her chance to finally be involved in a major discovery after decades of discrimination. For the grad students, it was getting involved in something that they had no way of knowing was happening affecting their job prospects for the rest of their lives. Yeah, it's super funny Ninov faked a bunch of element discoveries, and it's not like faking seeing alpha decay chains is gonna get someone killed, but considering the background of all his coworkers at the time, it comes across more and more like a huge d!ck move.
I remember asking my chem teacher in highschool what's up with the elements that is separated from the others and she answered "it's complicated and not real just ignore it," I guess she is kinda right
Well this isn't totally true. The block of elements that's separated from the rest of the table in its usual form is called the Lanthanides and Actinides, or Rare Earth Metals, or f-block. It does contain some of the trans-Uranic elements (those with an atomic number higher than Uranium, which are all at least somewhat unstable). From Mendelevium (101) onward, these elements are only produced via synthetic nuclear fusion as described in this video, so only a couple atoms of each have ever existed. (Fermium (100) has been found in mushroom clouds and Einsteinium (99) and lower can actually be produced in measurable quantities in nuclear reactors (albeit this is literally micrograms).) The actual reason for the f-block is different: the periodic table is arranged so elements with similar properties are in the same column, and in chemistry a lot of properties are determined by the outer electron orbitals. The noble gasses have full outer orbitals so they are very averse to reacting at all. The Halogens (column before) are only missing one electron so they react well with the first column where elements have one extra electron. But orbital shells aren't the same size. There's the s orbital, p, d, f, and others, but each has a minimal energy level and so only occurs in atoms with enough electrons. The s orbital can only hold 2 electrons and is present in all shells. This is why the first row of the periodic table only has two elements. The p orbital however can hold 6 electrons, but it only exists in the second shell and onward. This is why the second row and onward have the block on the left of the periodic table. It's also why helium is sometimes placed over Beryllium instead of Neon. The d orbital holds 10 electrons but only occurs starting at the 4th shell; it corresponds to the central block of the table, the Transition Metals. The f orbital is the last one which occurs in any element we've discovered or synthesized, holding 14 electrons starting in the 6th shell. The exact numbers involved here come from the quantum numbers of electrons in a spherical potential. IIRC element 121 would theoretically have one g-orbital electron, but d and f orbital electrons are less chemically significant than s and p, and for elements with very high atomic numbers their chemistry is even less cut and dry.
Also, another reason the f-block wasn't always included wasn't just because some of the elements in it are not naturally occuring or because the "Rare Earth Metals" are actually rare, but rather because their chemical properties are so similar that it was actually difficult to separate them historically.
I just... don't have words to express how amazing this video is. My wife is a high school teacher, and while she teaches history not science, I sent it to her to pass on to her coworkers to see if they can use it. It is simply the best of this topic I have ever seen.
I was a student, very young at Lawrence Hall of Science. We watched the story of the element table in Hall 1 for months, then years, then decades, and it inspired me to keep up with particle physics, and the race for new elements. I was in the computer lab, when Seaborg poked his head in, for an instant... I knew his face... but much too scary to say anything to a man with such amazing reputation. The Hall later held celebration events, with lectures, and films for the major events. I would see Dr Seaborg again a few times, but across the Hall at huge events. I have had a life long interest in this subject, and this is the very best treatment I have seen. Thank you very much.
I was thinking along the same lines! Although im a 40 y/o Bar owner in the very north of germany, this would have been a big help in understanding physics and maybe even spark an interest in physics in a young Lev!
This channel is criminally under-appreciated! The way he breaks down information is so engaging. I came from the Jan Henrick Schon video and was thoroughly satisfied with how he visualize everything so cleanly.
definitely check out the series about the SSC if you haven’t already! leans more into the complex political influences behind the story while still being incredibly entertaining
Same. This video popped up in my recommended feed like probably 5 dozen times for over a month and I just finally gave it a shot and I wasn't disappointed.
Unless someone is standing over you with a big stick, there’s no need to watch it all at once if you don’t want to. That’s the joy of TH-cam, the freedom to make huge long chunks of interesting stuff and the freedom to watch it in as many bites as you like.
He also invented the cleanest energy source we have even to this day. The world refuses to use the nearly unlimited clean energy, yet threatens to use it to destroy the world. The same thing will happen with any future energy sources unless we change.
Video reveals Ninov is a Blugarian - Me: "woooooow never knew we had such a modern chemistry superstar" Video reveals Ninov is a master fraudster - Me: "Dude I'm not even surprised..."
The rumours are indeed true, I have a Twitter and Patreon. Check the description for the links. Also, ask me questions for my (very delayed) Q&A!
FOOTNOTES BELOW, THEY HAVE SPOILERS SO BEST READ AFTER WATCHING
**********************************************************
1. You’ll notice I didn’t mention a neutrino as part of the beta-minus decay. This is partly because I was lazy, but also because the neutrino wasn’t a widely accepted concept at that point, and Fermi actually had a paper rejected for trying to account for its existence.
2. The nuclide half-life data included in my version of the chart was sourced from NuBASE 2020, Chinese Physics C45, 030001 (2021). This dataset distinguishes between known half-lives, estimated half-lives, and nuclides whose half-lives are so small that they are unknown. I removed the nuclides with unknown half-lives for my chart. See the link in the description for an interactive version of the table.
3. Only a select number of isotopes on the nuclide chart have labels. I labelled every stable isotope (in brown), and for the unstable isotopes I only labelled the one with the longest half-life for each element. Note that the isotope with the longest half-life is not necessarily the one that was created for each element discovery.
4. The half-lives on the 3D nuclide chart are not plotted linearly (or logarithmically for that matter) as it would be impossible to show the differences between half-lives in the realm of nanoseconds and half-lives in the realm of years in a way that didn’t completely flatten half the chart. The standard way to plot them is to use the quantile method, where you take all the values (~3000) and rank them from smallest to largest, which the height of each pillar being their rank (so 1, 2, 3…3000). I then made a color gradient using 10 distinct colours, and if a pillar was in the first 10% of the population they got the darkest blue, the next 10% got a lighter blue, etc.
5. The following elements were first synthesized in labs before they were discovered in trace amounts in nature: Technetium, promethium, astatine, neptunium, and plutonium. For many years it was assumed that Uranium was the heaviest naturally occurring element, but this was actually disproven by Darleane Hoffman, when she found trace amounts of Plutonium-244 in ancient pieces of rock.
6. The Lanthanides and Actinides (the two seemingly detached rows of the periodic table) are a bit misleading. They’re put below the main table for space reasons, but really they fit right in the middle of the table next to Barium and Radium, leading to a table that is comically wide, too wide to be printed cleanly in a textbook. It should be noted that the periodic table during Fermi’s time didn’t look like the modern one I showed in the video. For a long time the correct position of the Actinide and Lanthanide groups were a bit of a mystery. It was actually Glenn Seaborg’s suggestion in the mid-1950s that put them where they are today, which was one of his most important contributions to chemistry.
7. Berkeley should technically also have a claim to element 43, but they just didn’t realize it. Emilio Segre, one of Fermi’s protégés, borrowed a spare filter from one of Berkeley’s accelerators. He found a lump of element 43 on it that they had unknowingly created, and he got the credit for detecting it. Many labs other than Berkeley worked to fill in the gaps of the periodic table, as well as filling in the gaps in the nuclide chart. Finding new elements gets you the glory, but finding new isotopes is also important for getting a full understanding of an elements properties.
8.If we’re being technical a superheavy element is one which has an atomic number greater than 103. This term distinguishes them from elements 90-103 which make up the Actinide series. In my version of the periodic table I group every element above 103 in the same category for simplicity, but there are other ways you could group them. If you check with Google for example they actually call 104 to 108 part of the transition metals, and everything higher is considered unknown. In theory everything up to 112 should also be part of the transition metals, but that’s mostly going off of the table’s columns and not so much measured observations.
9. The price for one gram of an element is going to vary a lot depending on the specific isotope. Also Einsteinium isn’t commercially available to buy anyway, and it’s only ever been produced in the order of micrograms, so Jeff Bezos couldn’t just drop $27 million out of nowhere.
10. The California town of Livermore is home to another strange oddity. A firehouse contains the world’s longest burning lightbulb. It’s been going since 1901. It could burn out tomorrow, or maybe even 15754 years from now.
11. Technically it’s 221 totals winners for the Nobel prize in physics now, didn’t beat the announcement for this year.
12. Masataka Ogawa seems to have misidentified element 75 as element 43 back in 1908 (both of which were undiscovered at the point). Both elements are in the same column but different rows, so the chemical properties would be similar. If it had been correctly identified Japan would have 2 elements under its belt, not just 1.
13. During the IUPAC naming section I mention that 9 elements needed official names, even though I only show 8 getting named. When writing this I forgot that Mendelevium was not officially recognized as the name for #101 until 1997, even though Berkeley had the only real claim to it. IUPAC just lumped it in with the rest of the contentious elements (102-106).
14. Lawrence Livermore Labs had in fact teamed up with Berkeley for the discoveries of prior elements, so they were not new to the element hunt. However their team-up with Dubna gave them a huge leg-up over Berkeley and eventually made them the leading US lab in the element hunt.
15. Victor Ninov was fired in May 2002, but the public retraction of the paper did not go through until July 2002. It was only at this point that the media picked up on the story. Berkeley initially did not name Ninov as the reason for the retraction but the media was able to put 2 and 2 together.
16. Flerovium is technically not named after Georgy Flerov. The Americans refused to let an element be named after someone who was integral to developing the first Soviet nuclear weapon, so the element is actually named after the Flerov Laboratory (which itself, it named after the man).
17. I mention in the first chapter that it was a group in Berlin that figured out Fermi’s mistake, and explained it by describing nuclear fission. This group included Otto Hahn and Lise Meitner. Hahn went on to win the Nobel for this, while Meitner did not, despite being nominated a few dozen times (Hahn and Meitner were good friends, so he wasn’t happy about this either). It’s one of the most clear-cut cases of sexism in the Nobel ceremony’s history. To make up for this, she is now the namesake for element 109, one of only two women to have that honour.
My guy Bobby is the only youtuber I've ever met with footnotes that if read aloud would be its own 20 minute video
"or maybe 15754 years from now" gee that seems like an awfully specific number, sure it's just a coincidence though
As someone who doesn't use Patreon - do you have a PayPal Adresse where I can send Donations to? I always thoroughly enjoy your Videos, no matter how long they are.
These footnotes were treat to read.
Getting an element named after you is objectively more pompous than a Nobel prize. Instead of just being on a list, your name will bore chemist students for years, a few of them will certainly ask "wait, why this name?" and one Google later will get amazed by your history
It must've been a real roller coaster of emotions to win the Nobel Prize for the elements you discovered, then be told you didn't find new elements, only to then be told you just... exploded a whole atom.
and subsequently fed fire to the war that you needed to flee
E
E
as of the like before mine,this comment has 777 likes.. well not anymore. 😈
Its like winning bronze, then told you actually didn't win it but then your told you won the gold medal.
The only decay chain that Ninov actually witnessed was that of his own credibility.
LMAO THAT'S A GOOD ONE
this is the best comment
OOF!
U must be good with girls considering such jokes :)
hah, very good :D
I hope this doesn’t get buried, but my dad was one of those people working at Berkeley at that time! You can see his name on the paper at 48:44, J.B. Patin. As I was watching the video, I was talking to him about it, and he mentioned, “being on a balcony with Sigurd in a city somewhere it Switzerland” when Sigurd confided in him that he looked back at Ninov’s old work. It’s so crazy to get recommended this video after hearing parts of this story FOR YEARS. Amazing video!
Wow that's neat
What's your first name?
@@crabohato4954 mario
@@crabohato4954 ask for his social too while you are at it
That is so cool!!
21:06 "so true bestie" in regards to an Einstein quote took me tf out
I only caught it on a rewatch and absolutely, lol, me too
By far the best line of the video lmfao
went to look for this comment after i heard it lmao
Lol
I’m surprised to see this on TH-cam but you have done a good job of describing the situation. I was part of the small team at Berkeley doing computer forensic analysis of Victor’s computers to try and figure out what happened. In the end there were text editor log files that showed him manipulating the data to create the results he wanted. I was surprised he was not smart enough to delete those log files.
nice
That's very interesting
Cool
Hi! I'd like to ask you someting if you do not mind (and I hope I am able to express myself properly, sorry if not, I am not a native speaker and not living in an English speaking country): raw data files that I know from (modern) analytical software is hard to manipulate due to having the raw data in databases and not having "plain" data to directly manipulate as well as audit trails. Was the raw data on the software used in your case much easier to manipulate, like, directly just exchanging a few numbers an he (Ninov) was done? (Thanks in advance)
@@fleischidambach He did not edit the raw data, just a text file of the final results.
I completely forgot this was about a fake element, I got so invested in the element race
i straight up looked up the periodic table for spoilers
@@tinyboop wow
ikr
Pfp is very fitting
Same.
My takeaway from these documentaries is that the most dangerously tempting source in physics is "I made that shit up"
"Just trust me bro" is always the most tempting soirce of data.
"MY SOURCE IS THAT I MADE IT THE FUCK UP"
@@espaciobarra i understood that reference
It came to me in a dream
It is the most dangerously tempting source in every debate.
Which is why finding sources for every random claim is important if you care about it.
Was assigned a project on Francium in 9th grade, apparently the teacher didn’t realize it was an element that was so rare and existed for such a short time, that nothing was really known about it. Created for a few milliseconds in a lab, it lasted just long enough to know it was there, but not long enough to identify what it looked like, or any other interesting properties. Easiest project I did in that class.
IIRC Francium has a half life of 42 minutes? Or is that cesium
@@normalchannel2185 even less than this. Most stable isotope has a HL of 22 min. Cesium is stable. It's also an interesting subject of fake videos and experiments showing supposedly massive explosions when it gets dumped into water. You might recognize alkali metals + water producing explosions, and Braniac using cesium to blow up a bathtub. So francium, as an element even more reactive should produce even bigger booms, isn't it?
Well, any videos showing "Francium" exploding are bullshit because a naked-eye viewable quantity of it was never produced. And never will, because of insane radioactive decay heat that is released. Any viewable quantity of francium would be vaporized instantly. The largest amount ever produced was a cluster of 300,000 atoms. This amount is far away even from a nanogram, let alone grams.
@@normalchannel2185Apparently francium’s half life is 22 minutes.
Caesium has a stable isotope.
@@normalchannel2185 you are both technically right, accordig to wikipedia:
half life: 22 minutes
Francium has no uses, having a half life of only 22 minutes. Francium has no known biological role. It is toxic due to its radioactivity.
so it lasts decently long, but has zero uses
@@sweatyylemonss5237 It doesn't last very long at all. Half life is how long it would take for half of the substance to decay, but when we're talking about the amount in question, it ends up functioning more like a dice roll that it stops existing entirely every few milliseconds.
In practice, it lasts for seconds at the absolute most.
The fact that this entire documentary was filmed on two locations: The periodic table, and the timeline is so impressive, considering how interesting it is
The graphics are indie documentary perfection.
I think he did the Jon Bois Google earth thing
Wow, that's true! I was so immersed that I really didn't realized that. Amazing!
Its done in such an amazing way
@@AlexK-jp9nc what’s that?
As a bulgarian i just want to say, faking an element is the most bulgarian thing ever
Не само един, а чак пет! Тоз палячо високо се цели.
How😂
@@ariannepady3962 idk ask the bulgarian himself
Sorry mate, unless said Bulgarian is also Jewish, your wrong!
bulgarian
Fun fact! The University of Texas has a big drum used by the university band at football games. Her name's Big Bertha and she's mildly radioactive because she originally belonged to the University of Chicago and was ALSO under those football bleachers along with Fermi.
That is so brilliant lmao. "Here's Big Bertha, she's radioactive."
I wonder if the drum was named after the bell, which was in term named after Rockefeller's mom
@@westheriault3797 The drum was named after the WW1 German artillery piece nicknamed Big Bertha! (in reality the 42cm kurze Marinekanone 14 L/12)
I initially read this as, "Her name's Big Bertha and she's mildly attractive"...
BIG RADIOACTIVE DRUM CALLED BIG BERTHA
You created a new element: 😀
Just kidding no you didn't: 🙁
You actually found a way to split atoms: 😃
That was just used to create weapons of mass destruction: 😨
That could also be used for clean and plentiful energy: 😃
@@awesomenessnetwork213honestly who are the idiots spreading this misinformation that nuclear energy is safe and clean enough as an alternative to coal and gas? like man it's just too much of a hassle and if one person fucks up the entire world is fucked too.
@@Cosmo_knight_3027 But not the fucking reactors 😅
@@awesomenessnetwork213 imagine we all start to nuke each other
@LaxyaJena Yeah, that's bad, what does it have to do with nuclear reactors? You can't magically convert a reactor into an ICBM.
Nobody has considered the possibility that the reason Ninov kept happening to detect new elements whenever he was around, and the detections stopped when he left, is because his body simply emits exotic matter
I think... I think you're right
Man they should hire more gays then
The dude's an SCP. Maybe he'll get a new number that way
@@Jjustajjj guys*
@@seltascare4713 "exotic matter." Gays was intentional
I worked in this lab about 10 years after this incident. I have my name on a couple papers, including the 2009 confirmation of element 114 (yes, partially for simply monitoring the cyclotron, although I did some other stuff was well 😂). I was so pleased to see Darleane Hoffman get a positive shout out; she is a wonderful woman and actively participated in lab group meetings while I was around. This incident was never mentioned to me in the course of my work - I learned about it randomly in a separate context while I was working in the lab. I haven’t had a chance to watch the entire video, but look forward to going through in detail.
Darleane Hoffman does seem like a great person. I wish her all the best.
So someone at your lab conned the making of a element? Nice. Should have gone for element 115 instead of 114 but Bob Lazar had dibs on it so its understandable why you backed off on it :)
E
So you know Jan Dvorak?
@@casketman14 yep, and his wife who also worked in the lab.
Holy crap, the “atomic sea” visualization helped me understand the periodic table and how isotopes of elements work fully. This should be shown in every chemistry class ever.
I had a very good chemistry teacher in high school but never fully understood the relationship between stability and neutron values of any given isotope. Also, radioactive decay chains, how they jump between rows, etc. I knew all of that enough to pass a test, but seeing it like your visualization really helped me understand it. Thank you!!
Edit, this is one of the best TH-cam videos I’ve ever watched. Interesting, informative, well presented. A+++ to you, Mr. Broccoli. Looking forward to more.
They actually do, under an inverted framework: the valley of stability. Remember: stability = low energy state, the lower the energy (valley) the more stable they are
same
Yeah, 3D graphs generally should be used everywhere. They weren't in the past because they really require video (and 3D visualization capacity) to be appreciable.
I wanna build one
Holy smokes, what a documentary! Agree with OP. Top notch for content and explanatory viz
"This data is not physical. This is goofy."
My favourite quote ever
That was awesome. Definitely one of the best videos I've seen in a long time.
Agree!
same
sup dawg
Heisenberg at home
YEAH!
I love youtube for the sheer fact that you can sit down to watch a highly polished 1+ hour long thoroughly technical documentary, then during the intro you can see "presented by bobbybroccoli". incredible. it's like going to the theatre and seeing "directed by xXsniperwolfXx"
Plenty of famous writers and actors have used fake names, they just tend to choose more normal sounding ones like Marilyn Monroe, John Wayne, or George Orwell
@@pretzelbomb6105or Shania Twain
and then when you've finished the video, and exit out of fullscreen, you see "Cats Being Jerks Supercut" recommended... truly amazing
Thanks u/rimjobsteve
th-cam.com/video/B42sotKXlCE/w-d-xo.html
"Hey, uh, Fermi? I've got good news and bad news. Bad news, you didn't make new elements. Good news, you created a whole new branch of science."
"Even worse news: that whole new branch of science might be going to be used to end the world."
Somewhat better news: It can also be used to make Clean energy when used properly.
@@celldh0825Some in-between news, even then it is risky though
Even worse news: nobody is gonna use it properly
“whoopsie”
Sometimes its easy to forget just how fascinating everything is. Being able to have a visual representation of the elements is just a tiny part of what composes everything.
It's a bit overwhelming knowing that we live in harmony between so much things that happen all around us without even noticing it.
Fermi’s story was fascinating like, imagine trying to discover something and then being like “actually you’ve discovered a new form of energy and also have enabled the creation of a great and terrible weapon that will end the war”
"And start a new one"
Or imagine being Flyorov like wow I love reading about my favorite little physics interests I wonder what will happen when we harness the power of the atom... hey why has all publishing on this subject suddenly ceased? ...oh God
Fermi: But I still get to live in the US, right?
The idea that the nuclear bombs stopped the war is untrue. The members of the Japanese war council didn't care at all that two cities had been nuked. The reason they surrendered was in part because of the Emperor's word, and in part feeling confident that the Emperor would not be killed or tried for war crimes and such after the surrender.
WW2 was already over when the soviets entered Berlin. The bombs just ended the "Japanese conflicts" part of the war.
Imagine being a student while all this was happening, gotta keep re-memorizing the periodic table
Albert Einstein was once asked if he had memorized the speed of light. He said something along the lines of "No. Why bother. If I need it I can just look it up in a book."
Most chemists don't even memorize more than half the periodic table, the half that we do memorize are the common elements such as elements 1-20, halogens, alkali and alkali earth metals, and maybe some common transition metals. That's why there's a periodic table in every lab.
Memorizing random info is for schools to pretend to teach us. Looking up info as you need it is how the real world works
Memorizing the periodic table is about as practical as trying to make a superheavy element
really anything after 90 will probably never be needed in any chemists life
Btw actually writing to Stalin directly wasn't uncommon in the USSR. My great grandma used to write to him asking him to deploy her on the naval ship instead of as an infantry unit (she was a medic and I shit you not her reason for redeploying her was to meet a captain/admiral and marry him, AND IT WORKED!) Another time she wrote because she wanted a flat in St. Petersburg, which was also granted to her.
She wasn't even remotely as important as Georgii Flyorov, it boggles the mind, but people actually just wrote to Stalin to ask him to do some shit, and they would get a response usually.
I'm not writing this to undermine your work btw, I love your videos. I just felt like the reality of writing to Stalin was so bizarre I had to share it
@@sovietcupcakes328 Aw come on relax, not a lot of people knew that you could write to Stalin in USSR, Bobby clearly respects people regardless of their origin. You're attributing malice to something where it's most likely just ignorance. I don't think it's a good idea to immediately put a label on the guy and bash him over it, makes you look very immature at least in my opinion
What the absolute hell.
That is one hell of a story.
Damn I should see a movie about this, called "Stalin's Letters" or something like that or a series and this could be the story of one of the chapters
Same in the GDR! People would write to the „Staatsratsvorsitzende“ Erich Honnecker with their problems, like troubles finding an appropriate flat for taking care of a sick family member (huge flat shortage back then), and he or rather his team would help out - no kidding 😅
@@LittleKikuyu I should really read up on East and West Germany, their stories are very interesting
Fun fact the element missing in the 1930’s period table between 84 and 86 is astatine(AT) which is also the rarest element to naturally find. In fact, they discovered it by making it synthetically and it was later on they found it naturally. To this day only 25 grams maximum has been discovered naturally at once. It is also very much radioactive and has no uses currently but is being tested for research with cancer and is synthetically made. The most “stable” isotope of astatine is astatine-210 which only makes it a little over 8 hours. Its fast decay rate is why it is so rare.
Enjoy this random chemistry fact or facts
Fun fact: its name comes from the Greek word ''Astatos'' that means unstable! So, Unstablium 😂
correction: it’s actually only 25 grams that exist anywhere on or inside the earth at any given moment
Correction: it is not a rarest natural element. It is second rarest natural element ON EARTH. At cosmic scale we are 100% sure that on other younger words elemnts up to fermium exist in quantities milions of times lower than 1 gram, and they existed on earth milions years ago naturally also we have evidence of this in one site in africa in place with naturally occuring nuclear fission chain reactions in the past. But anyway we also know about elemnt that is 28 tomes rarer even today. Earth crust should consist max. 1 gram of this element, i just read about it on wiki spaming through all of them.
Correction: it is second rarest element ON EARTH. There is one with total weight in earths crust below 1 gram. And on other, younger planets we are 100% sure that elements up to fermium exists in amount milion times smaller even than this. You only need naturall fission chain reaction sustained over long period of time. We even have one on earth milions of years ago, so rarest natural element is fermium.
I need One more fact sir car
Can I just say how awesome this style of video is where we basically never leave this space and just accumulate more information into it, but it also has a 3d model in it?!
The Jon bois method
th-cam.com/video/B42sotKXlCE/w-d-xo.html
it reminds me of prezi but interesting
@@philipwarpzer0630this guy gets it
Jon Bois influence
This genuinely felt like a documentary that would be shown in a high school science class, Great Job.
@@lingeshranjith665 cool teacher!
it's much better than most of the docs my school showed us
@thatCapN Crunch just because you had shit high school teachers doesn’t mean we all did
@thatCapN Crunch This was a compliment to BobbyBroccoli. I preferred when we watched a documentary in science class, and we typically watched some sort of NatGeo or Bill Nye. Bill Nye was enjoyable as hell, and the NatGeo stuff was at least well made, at most enjoyable *and* well made. I'm truly sorry that you don't enjoy science, but I do, and that would be due to my highschool science teachers putting on well made and enjoyable documentaries, that this one reminded me of.
@@getbaited2898 Thanks. This was a lot more concise than I was
Thanks, the beta decay and alpha decay explanation was responsible for me getting an A+ in chemistry, thanks
Try and go for extra credit and show your teacher this video
Excellent work deku im proud of u
Whats the timestamp?
@@CyberedCake 2:20
@@dungeonfungeongaming9971 I found it. I hadn't watched the video in a few months but happened to scroll past the comments again and didn't realize it was only three minutes in.
This video kicked ass. I’ll admit that it’s been recommended to me by YT for awhile now, and I kept assuming that it wouldn’t be a story interesting enough for an 80min runtime. That was wrong!
You told this story beautifully, balancing the technical science of these discoveries with the stories of the humans behind them. I was on the edge of my seat the entire time, as much as I could while operating a sewing machine. And your use of graphics was perfect; just the right amount of graphics organized to keep the beats of the story accessible in mind and provide context to their relation in time. Also the 3D isotope table was such a cool way of visualizing them!
10/10, will watch again.
SAME!! or maybe it was because I was still learning about elements by the time this video released 💀
I am a chemistry teacher who will be showing this film every year from now one during the isotopes unit - such amazing visualization. Thank you for making this!
Please come back again to this comment and report on how the students respond 🙂👍
They loved it, they made me rewind to rewatch the isotope graph being built scene
@@shelllee5926 that's great to hear! 🙂
@@shelllee5926 Amazing, glad I spent extra time on that
i wish you were my teacher
1:12:44 "Sigurd thinks Ninov meant it as a joke."
"So you faked discovering a new element, greatly damaging the credibility of your institute and ruining your own career?"
"It was just a prank bro"
Really good documentary on the discovery of new elements
I think he is the kind of people who do this for the "rush". To see how far you can push doing something "bad" and get satisfaction from it.
E
@@EEEEEEEE E
@@gamelaine E
He was just doing a bit of trolling
As a complete layman, that intro portion about Fermi was impossibly fascinating and I thank you for including it.
I'd always known about him and the Fermi Paradox, but very interesting to hear more about him beyond that
Same here! I'd mainly heard his name in reference to the Fermi Paradox. I assumed he had garnered a significant amount of credibility in the scientific community because of the prevalence of that particular theory. I had no idea what his other achievements were though!
I have been recommended this video several times but kept getting distracted before I actually watched it. I am genuinely impressed with this creator and very happy with the way he laid out this video!
Yeah it was cool. Interesting that a scientist, not attempting to further war research at all, accidentally pretty much set the Cold War in motion.
It's such a good parallel cause he faked an element too it was just on accident
"The computer GOOSY runs on was incapable of processing at 40 Mbps"
Jesus christ how scarily fast technology has advanced
God, Darleanee's story feels me with such rage but also pride, they threw whatever they could at her but still couldn't knock her down. What an icon, full respect for her only.
E
Hearing her story was just so... unbelievable. Like the shit she had to endure was *cartoonishly evil*. Like Jesus christ how can people be that blind and cruel to someone?? So happy she finally got the credibility she deserved in the end though.
Imagine the advances mankind could have made if there wasn't this academic segregation throughout most of our history, it's devastating to see what these great minds had to go through.
It's good that this idea is upsetting people but unfortunately as I listened to her story it was very much "Well yeah, that's just how we get treated in an academic setting. Do you think this is unique? It is the standard to discredit and segregate women in stem." Very frustrating but don't mistake it for an extreme case, this is just what academia is for us
@@driphearts8035 Everytime I think "no one could be that cartoonishly evil" it's almost always followed by "oh wait"
I haven't been filled with this much righteous indignation about the physical sciences since the Rosalind Franklin thing -R
BWAHAHAHA
you guys were the last channel i expected to comment on this video tbh
I don't know what that is. Can you enlighten me?
Since your entire channel functions on righteous indignation, I'm confident that you will not only be okay, but you will find a way to turn into a deconstructive rant on this, that or the other.
didn't expect YOU here, but hey that's really cool
That visualization of the elements was actually really well done
Best use of a Segre chart ever
He could have made it better by only revealing the isotopes that had been discovered by that point, but I agree
@@rsyvbh Tracking down the first creation of every isotope would've been extremely time consuming and it honestly wouldn't have made that much of a difference.
What is that orange square below deuterium?
@@scientiaestpotentia2007 most likely a bug, but if you really wanna call it something, it could be a dineutron
The graphics for this video is insane. I am actually in awe of this work
Bobby doesn't have to explain the science to us, he could just give us a layman's rundown of the drama, but he puts in the work to teach us anyways. 10/10 quality edutainment. We stan a king.
It's like getting a cake with your perfect coffee, with extra whipped cream and a cherry on top _and_ extra whipped cream on your coffee and a side of whipped cream for when you want extra.
@@stylis666 truly a fantastic start to my day
@@stylis666 I drink black coffee and I don't like cake
@@Seinsmelled But you enjoy quality edutainment apparently, and that's what's important. We stand united!
@@stylis666 i think you just like whipped cream
You really never disappoint. Another fantastic deep dive into science history in a way that I just don't see anyone else doing. It was a privilege to contribute even in the smallest way.
my knowledge of science isn't too strong so I'm not sure exactly which graphics you've helped with, but I'm sure you did a great job because all of this is brilliant 💯💯
Sick animation
These videos remind me of historia civilis a little bit in terms of delivery and music
I strongly agree
@@orangeants I think he helped with the graph
I was actually so excited when you mentioned we needed a captain I started yelling "SHOW ME SEABORG" and started cheering when I was right.
I'm glad at least one person had this experience
Fermi also made those bad nuclear power reactors that always melt down I dont know if its mentioned in the video
th-cam.com/video/B42sotKXlCE/w-d-xo.html
@@BobbyBroccoliwas the pun intended?
@@NAATHAAN Yes very intentionally
For those thinking of getting it, i can only highly recommend the book "Superheavy" by Kit Chapman. I bought it after watching this video a couple of times, and ive already read it twice. Over about 300 pages it gives an amazing story of how all the transuranium elements were made, and is easy to understand, even if you only know the basics of chemistry
the quality of these videos is honestly beyond youtube, feels like a production team, incredible work.
exactly!!
Can't believe how amazing and straightforward the storytelling is.
It’s pretty standard
@@-i6313 💀™️🦷
literally, it's so good🤩
38:25 - So, I met and knew Victor in 2007 while I was a flight instructor in Oakland, California. While I knew (from Wikipedia) the story of the Element 118 debalce, I never asked him about it. For what it's worth, he is absolutely a "dude you'd like to have a beer with" (although not before or during any flying), highly intelligent, and would give you the shirt off his back if you asked him. And while what occurred with 118 was definitely bad, I am still honored to count him as a friend.
All the story would have not happened if he was suspicious or anything like that 😂
@@bashar0312 - a very fair point. Nevertheless... 🙂
i feel like most people, even if they've done shitty things, are still gonna be polite/friendly to you if you interact with them. i dont think that's something notable, that's just a standard you should hold people to. it would be more notable if he was an asshole to you
Charm is a great asset for manipulators. I doubt he would have been able to decieve everyone if he was generally mean, disrespectful or even reserved/shy.
@@roelin360 there’s that 3 part video on this very channel about one of the biggest scientific fraud done by a reserved guy
It is INSANE that this video is less than a year old for how classic it is. This type of documentary - as it should be recognized as more than an average TH-cam video - has really raised my standards for what content I can officially recommend to people. The visuals, the writing, the audio - all of this was executed to a damn near perfect degree.
felt the same things too
Just over a year when i'm watching, but same thing
I could not have said it better myself. I'm barely halfway through and it occurred to me how awesome the overall quality is.
turtle 🐢
This is the video that originally got me into Broccumentaries, which I've seen and loved all of. Bobby, you're now among my very favorite and most recommended channels. Thank you for doing what you do.
Broccumentaries…..
I have a quick personal story to tell, but my purpose with sharing this is thanking you.
A few months ago I met a physicist via discord and we started talking. I didn't know how to reach out to him to continue the conversation at one point, so I sent him one of your videos about the failed American collider. We kept talking and we got really close, really fast. So, to celebrate our birthdays, I flew all the way to France to visit him and to see a bit of his work at CERN. We had the best time of our lives, and soon we will be neighbours, friends forever.
So, yeah, thank you for being part of this too.
I genuinely feel so bad for Darlene, all of that hard work for her to get her hopes up and just to find out it was all for nothing.
Sorry im laughing so hard at the pfp from kirby anime
If it's any consolation, she has received a lot more contemporary recognition for her many accomplishments in her career, and thankfully she's still alive and has had the opportunity to actually witness that recognition.
20:00
40:00
80:00
This 3D visualization of the periodic table has enlightened me, full stop. It's such a beautiful way to show all of the known atoms, I wish I had seen this when I was taking chemistry in school!
Amazing way to drag us in - you want to reach somewhere in a raging sea, and you have historical figures of your captain. After you make it, they give you an entertaining story of a dramatic event involving fraud, and then they close the book with the final phrase “We do it because why not?” Amazing video!
36:55 Rewatching this for the n-th time and I just now realized what the "weird reading" meant, since it's thrown in so off-handedly, and then mentioned way later at 1:07:09. That's exactly why I love your documentaries so much - the attention to detail is staggering.
Chekhov's weird reading
th-cam.com/video/B42sotKXlCE/w-d-xo.html
science is insanely interesting when you're not being forced to learn it
EDIT: guys i realize this isn't really in depth science. but we learned similar things, yes, historical knowledge, in my chemistry class freshman year. Plus I made this comment when I was super depressed and burnt out in the middle of sophomore year lmfao
most things are better that way. I dropped out of spanish after two years and now I’m suddenly interested in learning it with my own time
Yes. being forced to learn is terrible. Learning because you want to is the best feeling in the world.
To be fair... actually _learning_ this stuff is to learn the math behind it, to practice it. You can learn _about_ chemistry, or geology, or aerodynamics, or math, or what have you, from a TH-cam video, but you won't actually learn it until they do the experiments and crunch the numbers. The main way we've figured out how to teach that so far is school, unfortunately.
@@incognitoburrito6020true. Like oh my gooood I’m a genius after watching this video I could never learn this much in school! When in reality “learning” is actually a lot harder and unpleasant
@@zyzyx4157but this is learning? This is history. And the sentiment still remains. Learning about history is a lot less boring when you aren’t being forced.
Seaborg getting his name on the periodic table honestly choked me up a bit. I can only imagine the emotions he must have felt. The pride of seeing his legacy standing hand in hand with so many other amazing pioneers of science. What could compare?
th-cam.com/video/B42sotKXlCE/w-d-xo.html
I mean head from a goth chick is pretty epic bro
@@Lunar-fx1ukOr like a really really good tuna melt
update: had a shitty tuna melt. I think I'd rather have head from a goth chick now.
@@chxrryfxygo3630 but what if you got shitty head from a goth chick?
@@chxrryfxygo3630Idk, a perfect hot pocket tops that tbh
This is the first time someone's explained chemistry to me and I actually understood it. Very beautiful to tie it in at the end. I do believe curiosity is human nature
Absolutely amazing work. As a biochemist, I can say that even though discovered elements will not change the world, the process by which they were discovered has resulted in multiple scientific breakthroughs unrelated to the elements themselves. The work that scientists do to increase efficiency of detectors or analysis pipelines is directly translatable to improving disease diagnosis, space exploration, etc
"discovered elements will not change the world"
alright
@Yoyleblob one day I wish to become a chemist!!!
An 8th period of elements would cause everyone to reconstruct images of the periodic table on the Internet, in textbooks, in merch, etc.
More like created than discovered.
nerd
I honestly suck at math, physics and chemistry at school so I don't know why and how I just finished an 80 minute video on elements, but combined with the historical prospects and the scandals and drama just makes it fun and easy to digest. Plus, the huge graph is the coolest thing I've seen in a while. You have a new subscriber! This pretty much just re-ignited my interest of these fields, I guess there really isn't any boring piece of knowledge in life
As a kid I loved history, literature, and social studies in school but barely got by in math and science because it just didn't capture my imagination and I had no interest in equations and the like, my brain just sort of turned off to it. I wish I had those subjects introduced to me in this sort of format instead where the science was presented as a real-life human interest story with colorful historical characters and geopolitics weaved into the hard numbers, my grades probably would have been a lot better.
@@bobsnow6242 yeah exactly! I used to cry in math and physics class because I didn't understand anything :(
Check out Kathy Loves Physics & History on TH-cam. She tells fascinating stories.
Chemistry is insanely fun when you can find someone to explain it well
I hope that will change, I'm always loved Physics and Chemistry, while hated Math, I guess the quality of teaching matters a lot, my Math teachers for literally at least half of my education on the subject sucked
That part where he said " He didnt create a new element but nuclear fission " gave me goosebumps
Nuclear fishing
The part where he said "it's fission time" also gave me goosebumps
@@rpgamezzz270 And then he radiated o0n everyone. Truly one of the moments of all time
@@rpgamezzz270 the part when i missed the part where thats my problem also gave me some parts of my body part goosebumps
@@rpgamezzz270 When he goes " I'm Fissionus " and he shoots electrons at people while shouting " It's fission time! " is my favorite part.
I love how there is no intro, not even a summary of what is going to happen. It just jumps straight to the video
i'm someone with no interest in chemistry, academia, or the race for the periodic table. i watched this entire video completely enthralled with the storytelling, with complex ideas explained so my simple youtube brain could understand. the editing/narrative style, which is like dorktown (scorigami got name-dropped in here, nice) with a dash of summoning salt, was absolutely sublime. i'll watch a video on anything when it is presented in such a thoughtful yet still entertaining way. well done, you deserve all the praise and then some for this amazing content.
music gave summoning salt
A fun fact, at 14:40 if you translate Sjöberg into English, it actually means 'lake mountain'. So Seaborg is actually a really good compromise for Sjöberg if you wanted to anglicize the name, keep the some of the meaning of it, but also preserve the general sound of it.
Reminds me of the Harry Hole situation in the movie for The Snowman, where they went the other way around and instead of translating it to Harry Hill or preserving the original pronunciation, they spent the whole movie having Fassbender being called something sounding like "hairy hole".
It just goes to show that the majority of government employees are and forever have been roughly equivalent to Starbucks baristas
Ellis island officials never actually changed the names, this is a myth. The immigrants themselves would, as it would help assimilate them and make their names more appealing to employers
@@tommymaddox6785 don't worry the 1177 hill gang will catch em out back
(The sea people's from bronze age collapse fame, they were hole people)
Not only that, but sjö can mean both lake and sea, so that puts it even closer.
I feel so bad for Darlene. That must have been so disappointing for her.
@@sanriosonderweg Hahaha what the fuck is this comment?
@@sanriosonderweg English please
@@Joakim1400 She was intelligent, and she had kids, so they’re likely to be even smarter and more successful than she was. Just phrased weirdly.
I find it interesting that having kids as consolation for a failure is a solution almost uniquely given to women. As if they’re expected to live on through their children instead of making a life for themselves, or that their intelligence is best out to use by producing smart children.
@@crystalgemstv4609 It's given to men all the time, but the men are usually dead.
6:53 i get chills every time i watch this part. the animation, the music, and the information are braided together into something really special. the first time i watched, i was learning about the existance of nucleides for the first time. i could watch this segment endlessly, probably. then the explination of nucleides is clear, concise, and down to earth. truly a masterpiece within a larger masterpiece. thank you.
38:34 “They were on a quest to visit every Italian restaurant in Darmstadt, where they would always order the spaghetti carbonara and rank them.” Well, he might’ve faked the element, but his contribution to popular culture of making the first modern-day Tier List was real.
I need that ranking, i'm from Darmstadt :)
The idea of Seaborg living in old age with an element named after him makes me believe in happy endings
Yuri Oganessian, too.
and for AL it was heartbreaking
@@kanishkbisht5168yeah..at the very least he got a world record
The Animation on this was incredible. I really like how it was like a collage and you just kept adding things onto it as the video went on. It was a really cool and unique way of describing things
Jon Bois invented this
Jon Bois is the master of this format. I love it.
If you find yourself wanting to know random interesting stuff about sports, Secret Lab is the place to go for this format.
I got this recommended mutliple times and always thought that it wouldnt be something I enjoy
I did, amazing video Bobby!
I’m only 12 minutes in, and I have to say this “mountain trek” visualization is an absolutely fascinating way to tell this story. Seriously this is one of the best science video essays I’ve ever seen! Amazing!
I'm basically at the same point and all I can think is there is a stability valley with peaks of instability all around. The Uranium chasm could also be described as a rock scree, an unstable location where every step forces you down the slope. I'm still early in so maybe I'll come back and delete this or offer further thoughts. But as a first impression I like things falling down to a point of stability for my visualization. (that said loving the video and the way its presented it's still super interesting and cool, have just hit subscribe)
You should check out the other BobbyBroccoli videos, like the 2-part Bogdanov Brothers epic or the 3-part Jan Hendrik Schon Nobel-fraudster expose! I'm a total bimbo, but his method of visualized storytelling helps me follow every step of his narrative without losing my attention in the tech explanations.
i am 1 hour in its Soo good
yeah... that's about the point i was at when i just went ahead and smashed that subscribe button
It looks like it's inspired by Jon Bois on the youtube channel Secret Base. Their "history of the seattle mariners" has a similar visualization
That poor woman Darlene.
They screwed her around early in her career, pushed out again at a landmark moment, only to be kicked in the gut towards the end of her profession. Damn shame.
Can’t believe how people could be so pointlessly malicious towards others. Human malice is truely unbounded 💀
Not shockingly, it still happens.
That's misogyny for ya
What's it called when men are shitty to men?
Damn right. My heart hurts ☹
I haven't heard of most of these elements above 100 since I was a kid. Back then they were named by their atomic numbers - it's surreal and in a way, feels like watching a kid grow up to see "Ununoctium" finally get an official name. Why are atoms making me emotional.
right? not the same, but i remember being in middle school and manually drawing in 108 when it was confirmed because our school couldn't afford to buy a new periodic table, especially when the element hunt was ongoing and fruitful. I remember being so insanely impressed even by the concept of the element hunt :)) (
atoms always make you emotional, snöiller. any partner breaking up with you, any person dying. those are atoms making you emotional.
Element 126 might be the way to unlocking FTL, or Fusion. Exciting to see what future to behold...
@@leonmic2146 True, maybe even discover a better element to hold electricity, making some si-fi tech possible, like hoverboards that cannot exist because we dont have batteries powerfull enough for it.
E
That visualisation model is absolutely beautiful! It really helped me to understand the story you're telling. Thank you!
The nuclide chart reveal was an absolute masterpiece in video production, it's details like this that make you my favorite content creator!
And it looks so beautiful! You can immediately see why nature isn't as random and chaotic as we often observe it. Everything you see going on in the chart has fairly simple logic to it that (in certain aspects) isn't much different from the simple physics we see in everyday life.
The bigger something is, the easier it falls apart and it seems that the right ratio of neutrons to protons helps keeping things together, but too much neutrons will make it unstable also. Which makes total sense to me. You can build a wall with bricks and cement, but just using one or the other will fall apart easily. And when your wall is tiny, extra neutrons will just make it wobbly. And it never occurred to me that with a higher number of protons the stable elements have a few more neutrons than protons.
It's very intuitive and easy to understand and seeing the alpha and bèta decay on the chart made so much sense to me. It's super obvious that it works like that, but when do you ever picture it like that in the context of other elements around it? Schools should beg mr. Broccoli to let them use that chart to explain the periodic table and radioactivity. You could show that chart to a 10 year old and they'd understand and be thrilled that they do.
Stuff like this is amazing
I studied graphic design, I've always been fascinated by information visualization, and these graphics really scratch that itch for me. I love how it suddenly opens up a whole new world of understanding. I can't seem to completely process stuff until I connect it to something visual.
had me pausing the video to go look it up. We’d all seen the periodic table hanging up in classrooms but damn, there really shoulda been one of these. Might’ve been in a different career
@@cs40660 if brocc starts making merch, this should be a poster.
Thank you Fermi for a world without the element "fascium".
Mussoulini really did everything BUT be helpful to the Axis
@@carpetjuise Mussoulini really did everything BUT be helpful
@@kvolikkorozkovMussoulini really did everything BUT
@@ThatWheatMussoulini
@@leo-jo4bt Muss
love the deadpan delivery of that "so true bestie" at 21:08, very *chef's kiss. I appreciate that this doc is making me feel included in the world of science scandals, but also has me choking on my tea because of the funnies thank you for the quality content!!
24:37 “Couldn’t be me” also cracked me up 😂
6:54 this entire scene was a master class in animation and music choice. grats. felt super epic and the squares were amazing to watch (30:41)
Honestly one of the best videos I think I've ever watched about this topic. I was intimidated by the length of this video, but got so engrossed that I ended up watching the entire thing. Incredibly well made and I cant imagine the amount of hours editing this monster
Reading this made me look at the length of this video... I can't be the only one for whom this video felt like, 10 minutes or so! So gripping!!
@@BoyProdigyX I was also scared off by the video length, and was also gripped by it. where did my 80 minutes go!!!!
i used to be like this until i watched so many 1-2 hour vids that 25 mins is just too short for me
@@briannacernadas9828 i'm 3/4 of the way through tik history's video on operation crusader. i think it's 8 hours and 36 minutes long.
I’ve watched this video countless time but I just realized that the weird signal you mention at 36:58 is ninov’s attempt to fake 112 you talked about later at 1:07:10. This video is so well made!
came to the comment section excitedly to see if anyone else also picked up on the foreshadowing!
holy shit your right
Oooh, nice catch!
I love how he structured the video like a story. It’s got foreshadowing and everything lol
how did i not notice this wow
1:13:00 “Who knows? Maybe we’re looking for a pattern where there is none.” That’s a great quote in the context of a video about finding new elements when discussing the drama behind the history
Appreciate the way you discuss history and science. I know it's difficult to decide what level to pitch it at - too shallow and it loses meaning, too detailed and it becomes impossible to follow. You got it spot on imo.
Hello FBI agent.
much agree, and the style really makes that possible. the organization, the visuals, the path of story telling, and that _comfy comfy voice._
the pan over to the only one he actually discovered being 111 chills
I think putting it on a scale of shallow to detailed is a bit of a trivialization. Like here it's more like a set of stories that build onto each other. If it was instead made one fully chronological story it would be much harder to understand without adjusting the information given in total. Introduce something on a higher level first, like the beginning of the video and the later details become more digestible for those not knowledgeable enough in the field
This feels like a Summoning Salt video all about speedrunning the periodic table
This might have been the single most fascinating and especially well-done things I've personally seen on this platform. Videos like this are why I feel like classes in school are divided too rigidly. This stuff isn't something that you learn in history class or science class yet seems much more pertinent than a lot of things you learn in either.
Bet it gave you some funny ideas too!
@@Haystack_ 🤣🤣🤣
Aint no way bruh💀
Thank you Kim Jong Un!
Kim jong💀💀💀
R.I.P. Albert Ghiorso, the man who discovered 12 elements.
1915-2010.
And the MAGNIFICENT SEVEN who essentially solved it all
HMMM SOMETHING MISSING HERE lol yeah you got no high level computational tools, no giant society of knowers, no chance in hell at complex virtual reality theory because information. Kinda nice that information thing. Least the other non Einstein Albert got to see non LSD version. And would have been proud of himself surely ! cheers, yep they were all champions👏
"upgrade the world"
Be nice if we didn't have all the downgrades like greedy poisoning the world for money don't care get away with it, greedy this, greedy that. And the knock on effects are my pain point. Yeah lets put refined sugar in everything what could go wrong. Thinkers know.. taste is a scam. Its disabling in a way. Feels good then runs out body just wants more, hooked, longer you are a refined sugar addict ? harder it gets. And vice versa, avoid and its easy not being hooked, too strong get it away etc. I had no idea now I just adapting best i can.. lot of bad versions of typing out there for sure, just too inhuman at the time, pushing myself with sugar.
Imagine if those who invented computers were all over the place. Their software was impeccable and the hard shit to write. These days... oh dear. We spoilt ! people would say the old guy is mad, who fit that big math shit into "not enough" space. Creativity.. clarity.. work the problem.
Donald Knuth there it is, deep compute not in my brain ty
@@goldnutter412do I need to call a ambulance?
@@nahbruh419I think you do
@@goldnutter412 here take a ton o’ sugar
@@nahbruh419I’m so confused lol
I really like the production method of building up a giant 'scrapbook' and moving the story around it as it builds up, Previous data points are easy to remember and also very economical from the production point of view. Basically a giant power-point slide that gets assembled throughout the story and using nothing more than the simple animation tools that MS provides, pure genius in its simplicity, very effective and massively time saving on the production side!
I've been waiting for someone to use the Jon Bois style of documentary forever now. It's the best way of doing it.
+
Dude I have literally watched this like at least 50 times. I failed biology in high school... twice. I'm not a complete moron, it just did not get presented in a way that made me retain a thing. You're wild, my man. Thank you.
Fascinating video. I love the way you visualize things!
Oh hello there Sebastian! Do you plan on taking inspiration from his type of video, or are you going to stick with what you've been using? Love your videos btw.
if you like the visuals and general aesthetic vibe you should check out the work of Jon Bois (Chart Party, Pretty Good, Dorktown, The Bob Emergency) he's the inspiration/originator of the style
Getting a compliment on visualization from Sebastian Lague is VERY high praise
My thoughts exactly, great video!
bro, what you doing here lol good to see you
Awesome how the selling point was the academic scandal, but was ultimately a fascinating summary of the superheavy elements race.
What amazes me the most is that, of all the things you could fake, he choose one where scrutiny and you know, peer review, was bound to happen!
the weird thing is how long it took for anyone to check his work imo
@@marnenotmarnie259 he was trusted in the lab and people didnt even consider it being faked for a second until they realised it was a lie
@@torleah Reminds me of the guy who almost faked his way to a Nobel prize
To me its weird that he wrote some software that as part of its audit logs notes a manual change when he intended to manually change the data. Like did he just forget?
You guys missed the part that explains this... He was guessing at what he thought was a sure bet. Fake the data and assume that someone else was going to find it anyways and he would get credit like he had before. They were taking his word for what he was claiming which is not good checks, and he was gambling that someone else would find it. He lost that bet when nobody could find it. So he was not so much relying on nobody trying to reproduce so much as he was betting that it would actually work and that they would just not check his to see if he had actually done it like before.
Probably the best animation and storytelling I have ever seen on TH-cam. Just discovered your channel with this video but I will absolutely subscribe to it.
Thanks for the amazing content !
I love that he doesn’t hesitate to explain even (for people that know chemistry) super simple concepts. I was worried this would be filled with “i’m not gonna explain this concept because the audience OBVIOUSLY knows this already,” and i’d be lost, but i got a good enough grasp on it all! I love the tide metaphor at the beginning
I had a professor do this all the time one semester and I ended up having to take calc 2 again as a result
@@aarondruckmiller8174we stupid people need more recognition by others
@@aarondruckmiller8174That doesn’t mean anything. Lots of people fail math. You now understand math a lot better and I highly doubt you stay up at night upset and regret the class repeat. If he had explained it harder you might have failed three times. The point is adversity. You fail until you become successful. Everyone fails. Not everyone faces adversity to become successful. Failure is part of the process. You can’t achieve what you don’t try.
Phenomenal work. I'm only halfway through this feature-length masterpiece (some of us have jobs you know lol), but even better than your previous. You've really nailed the ability to make these stories come to life. Saw someone else call these broccumentaries, got to make that an official title!
yeah, what he said, I think that too.
Hello sexy doctor
Silly goose, go back to your heart chambers
Stop fixing human hearts, watch more BobbyBroccoli ASAP
Can I just say, the creative decision to subtly coat this beautiful educational video into an outrage take of "that b*tch did WHAT", so beloved by youtube algorithms, is GENIUS. No way it would have been thrown into random recommended otherwise.
Thank you for the video, you've done a tremendous work.
I was just thinking this! I was halfway through the video and laughing about the ridiculous amount of context when it hit me:
wait what, i clicked the video because i wanted to hear about physics
I call it the Jon Bois Style, and I mean that positively.
Find a particularly interesting topic for yourself, something you can sink your teeth into, like famous athletes named "Bob". Then present your information mainly through, voiceover to avoid distractions (and cut down on editing). You use simple infographs and images to help explain concepts without breaking flow, and a couple of easy listening instrumental tracks to enhance mood, while keeping attention.
Boom, you got something you can either listen to as a podcast style, watch as a documentary, and you walk away knowing something you haven't before.
SummoningSalt also does this but includes video clips of speed runs. Defunctland is also starting to do this with his video essay on lines/queueing.
I personally love this long format, single subject vids
this video is both fascinatingly educational and absolutely hilarious, as well as having some very satisfying visuals. wonderful video, 10/10
Broccumentary! I wish I didn't have to write my thesis to watch this right away!
good luck on ur thesis :] !!!
Good luck bro
Bahaha same. Mine is due Monday. 💀
Gl man!
Good luck! I'm ten months out and looking back I can say it gets dramatically better, and you will thank yourself for persevering.
The fact there's a non-zero chance Victor Ninov did it for either a joke or because he put his metaphorical chips on impossible odds is really funny at face value, but this documentary does a good job in explaining why this was cited as a dark moment by the people involved.
For Al Ghiorso, it was getting denied his chance to be in the periodic table alongside his late friend Glenn Seaborg. For Darleane Hoffman, it was getting denied her chance to finally be involved in a major discovery after decades of discrimination. For the grad students, it was getting involved in something that they had no way of knowing was happening affecting their job prospects for the rest of their lives.
Yeah, it's super funny Ninov faked a bunch of element discoveries, and it's not like faking seeing alpha decay chains is gonna get someone killed, but considering the background of all his coworkers at the time, it comes across more and more like a huge d!ck move.
That or deliberate
yes
It makes me really happy to see more people adopting this style pioneered by Jon Bois. It's such a cool way of presenting this type of information.
Chart Party or Pretty Good or Dorktown, but for science!
i smiled when he mention scoreagami lol i adore this format
Glad I'm not the only person that thought this felt similar to the Jon Bois style
@@BlitzTD i could watch jon bois and inspired videos all day
nerds
22:51 99% of particle physicists quit right before they create a new particle 🔥🔥🗣
💀lol
💀
I remember asking my chem teacher in highschool what's up with the elements that is separated from the others and she answered "it's complicated and not real just ignore it," I guess she is kinda right
Well this isn't totally true. The block of elements that's separated from the rest of the table in its usual form is called the Lanthanides and Actinides, or Rare Earth Metals, or f-block. It does contain some of the trans-Uranic elements (those with an atomic number higher than Uranium, which are all at least somewhat unstable). From Mendelevium (101) onward, these elements are only produced via synthetic nuclear fusion as described in this video, so only a couple atoms of each have ever existed. (Fermium (100) has been found in mushroom clouds and Einsteinium (99) and lower can actually be produced in measurable quantities in nuclear reactors (albeit this is literally micrograms).)
The actual reason for the f-block is different: the periodic table is arranged so elements with similar properties are in the same column, and in chemistry a lot of properties are determined by the outer electron orbitals. The noble gasses have full outer orbitals so they are very averse to reacting at all. The Halogens (column before) are only missing one electron so they react well with the first column where elements have one extra electron. But orbital shells aren't the same size. There's the s orbital, p, d, f, and others, but each has a minimal energy level and so only occurs in atoms with enough electrons. The s orbital can only hold 2 electrons and is present in all shells. This is why the first row of the periodic table only has two elements. The p orbital however can hold 6 electrons, but it only exists in the second shell and onward. This is why the second row and onward have the block on the left of the periodic table. It's also why helium is sometimes placed over Beryllium instead of Neon. The d orbital holds 10 electrons but only occurs starting at the 4th shell; it corresponds to the central block of the table, the Transition Metals. The f orbital is the last one which occurs in any element we've discovered or synthesized, holding 14 electrons starting in the 6th shell. The exact numbers involved here come from the quantum numbers of electrons in a spherical potential. IIRC element 121 would theoretically have one g-orbital electron, but d and f orbital electrons are less chemically significant than s and p, and for elements with very high atomic numbers their chemistry is even less cut and dry.
Also, another reason the f-block wasn't always included wasn't just because some of the elements in it are not naturally occuring or because the "Rare Earth Metals" are actually rare, but rather because their chemical properties are so similar that it was actually difficult to separate them historically.
@@hacatu i would put a nerd emoji but thats interesting
@Best Of TH-cam True whether you believe them, or not!
@@hacatu what the actual fuck is wrong with you 😀
I just... don't have words to express how amazing this video is. My wife is a high school teacher, and while she teaches history not science, I sent it to her to pass on to her coworkers to see if they can use it. It is simply the best of this topic I have ever seen.
I was a student, very young at Lawrence Hall of Science. We watched the story of the element table in Hall 1 for months, then years, then decades, and it inspired me to keep up with particle physics, and the race for new elements. I was in the computer lab, when Seaborg poked his head in, for an instant... I knew his face... but much too scary to say anything to a man with such amazing reputation. The Hall later held celebration events, with lectures, and films for the major events. I would see Dr Seaborg again a few times, but across the Hall at huge events.
I have had a life long interest in this subject, and this is the very best treatment I have seen.
Thank you very much.
100% it is very enganging, interesting, well produced, well paced and process a very interesting topic 10/10 !
I was thinking along the same lines! Although im a 40 y/o Bar owner in the very north of germany, this would have been a big help in understanding physics and maybe even spark an interest in physics in a young Lev!
This channel is criminally under-appreciated! The way he breaks down information is so engaging. I came from the Jan Henrick Schon video and was thoroughly satisfied with how he visualize everything so cleanly.
definitely check out the series about the SSC if you haven’t already! leans more into the complex political influences behind the story while still being incredibly entertaining
@@willehster That one is insane! The reveal of the mountain in the background representing the US military budget is masterclass.
"That's a nice element you have there Ninov, why don't you back it up with an Alpha Decay chain?"
"MY ALPHA DECAY CHAIN IS MADE THE FUCK UP"
The length of this video intimidated me cause my attention span is deteriorating but I actually finished it cause it's so well made! Great job!
Me too!
Same. This video popped up in my recommended feed like probably 5 dozen times for over a month and I just finally gave it a shot and I wasn't disappointed.
Watch like 5 1hr long videos and it'll come back. In my experience "deteriorating attention span" is a temporary effect that could be easily reversed.
Unless someone is standing over you with a big stick, there’s no need to watch it all at once if you don’t want to. That’s the joy of TH-cam, the freedom to make huge long chunks of interesting stuff and the freedom to watch it in as many bites as you like.
I originally planned to fall asleep to this video but couldn't pry my eyes from it lmao
I feel really bad for Enrico Fermi. Dude accidentally invented the scariest weapon we've ever made.
@Youngboy Better Let's take the time to be accurate here. This is a serious video. He actually said "È l'ora di Fermi!"
@@allanturmaine5496 shut up creeper
He also invented the cleanest energy source we have even to this day. The world refuses to use the nearly unlimited clean energy, yet threatens to use it to destroy the world. The same thing will happen with any future energy sources unless we change.
It is a huge leap to go from observing fission (he wasn't even trying) to building a bomb. Might as well blame the Curies then.
@@michaelrhodes258 Science isn't the problem, humans are.
Video reveals Ninov is a Blugarian - Me: "woooooow never knew we had such a modern chemistry superstar"
Video reveals Ninov is a master fraudster - Me: "Dude I'm not even surprised..."
He did still co-discover 3 elements which is quite an achievement. Sad he had to resort to fraud in the end.
@@ivanb493 actually only 2 (I count 110 and 112 as halves even if he doesn't deserve it because he tried to fake those too)
@@arkcliref ninov was also on the 111 paper
Where's Blugaria?
@@BoyProdigyX I never even knew that was a country.